Optimization Techniques for Allocation of Resources in OFDMA Down Link Network Systems

Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Research Motivation Recently, the world has witnessed rapidly growing of wireless technology and increasing demand for wireless communication services [1]. Accordingly, the new standards for the next generation wireless networks, such as, I metropolitan area networks '()A*+, I !"#.1$ [#% &] for wireless !"#.11 [$] for wireless local area networks

'(,A*+, or universal mo-ile telecommunication system '.)/0+ for third generation '12+ wireless networks[$], appear with the trend of providing heterogeneous services over -road-and channel. 3owever, successful deployment of the standards faces a num-er of challenges, e.g., scarce spectrum, complex time4varying wireless channel, and providing 5uality of service re5uirements of heterogeneous traffic types or service re5uirements. 6espite the limited unlicensed radio fre5uency 'specifically -elow 11 237+, it is used exhaustively due to the advantages of fast rollout and low administrative8regulatory costs. 9esides, current technological -arriers of using high fre5uency -ands, that need line4of4sight ',:0+ transmission, fade the motivation of developing the applications that use those -ands. :n the other hand, non4line4of4sight '*,:0+ transmissions on the unlicensed -and suffer from multipath propagation especially in ur-an areas. Accordingly, wireless transmission techni5ues that promote spectrum usage efficiency and ena-le high data rate transmission over multipath radio, such as, fre5uency division multiplexing ':;6)+ have found widespread deployment in current wireless transmission technologies [<%11]. :n the other hand, a natural challenge of wireless channel is reducing signal strength, -ut strong restrictions are taking effect on increasing transmitted signal strength. ,imiting the power consumption is one of the re5uirements of having a green world. In addition, the technological constraints of -attery products for electronic mo-ile devices pose a restriction on availa-le power. In addition to power limitation, wireless channel is highly time varying, which results in different power re5uirement for each transmission instance. Also, it demands

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Optimization Techniques for Allocation of Resources in OFDMA Down Link Network Systems

sophisticated power allocation schemes that adaptively allocate limited power and take advantage of users= diversity for power allocation. Irrespective of wireless medium challenges for traffic transmission, wireless applications, such as, cell phones, are -ecoming more popular and new applications, such as, mo-ile computing, and video on demand are promising in the near future. ach of these applications demands its own service re5uirements and sophisticated service management that should -e fair to all users. /o come up with a solution for heterogeneous traffic type>s transmission on wireless channel, researchers have to put a lot of efforts on proposing some resource allocation schemes that consider the aforementioned challenges. In other words, a resource allocation scheme is needed to consider technical issues of transmission technologies and wireless access mechanisms while allocating resources to meet the heterogeneous service re5uirements. 6ue to the large diversity of telecommunication networks topologies, constraints, and o-?ectives, many resource allocation schemes have -een proposed so far for legacy wireless networks [1#]. 3owever, these schemes need renovation and8or redesign due to the advent of new transmission technologies and network applications. )ulticarrier :;6) transmission is a developing aspect and multiservice provisioning is a promising o-?ective in recent wireless networks. :;6)A, the multiple access mechanism -ased on multicarrier :;6), results in a flexi-le resource allocation [1",11] in the sense that instead of allocating whole resources, such as total -andwidth, to only one user at a time, some portion of it can -e allocated to each user. /he flexi-ility of :;6)A resource allocation can -e deployed to compensate for wireless channel impairment [1@], provide Ao0 [1&, 1$], and maintain fairness [1<]. /hese issues have -een studied separately in the existing literature, -ut fairness, Ao0, and resource utili7ation enhancement should -e considered simultaneously for efficient resource allocation in practice. /he commercial growth of the networks with multicarrier transmission and heterogeneous traffic types strongly depends on proposing efficient resource allocation schemes that consider the aforementioned issues.

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Optimization Techniques for Allocation of Resources in OFDMA Down Link Network Systems

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