ANCIENT EGYPTIAN LITERATURE The Late Period MIRIAM LICHTHEIM With a New Foreword by Joseph G. Mannin VOLUME IIILITERATURE MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES HISTORY Beginning with the first volume, published in 1973—followed by Volume II in 1976 and Volume III in 1980—this anthology has assumed classic status in the field of Egyptology and portrays the remarkable evolution of the literary forms of one of the world’s earliest civilizations. Vorume | outlines the early and gradual evolution of Egyptian literary genres, in cluding biographical and historical inscriptions carved on stone, the various classes of literary works written with pen on papyrus, and the mortuary literature that focuses on life after death. Includes a new foreword by Antonio Loprieno. VoLuMe [1 shows the culmination of these literary genres within the period known as the New Kingdom (1550—1080 B.C.E.). With a new foreword by Hans-W. Fischer Elfert VOLUME III spans the last millennium of Pharaonic civilization, from the tenth cen tury B.C.E. to the beginning of the Christian era. With a new foreword by Joseph G. Manning, TS VOrs eer sche sh Same aye TelNTS “Concise, lucid, and altogether interesting, ... The notes on the individual texts ar PTT ETI nr pana aa ST) ATT COA Cee rea C9) For thirty years MIRIAM LICHTHEIM was Near East Bibliographer and Lecturer at the University of California, Los Angeles. She retired in 1974 to devote herself to Egyptological research and later moved to Jerusalem, where she taught at Hebrew University, She died in 2004. JOESPH G. MANNING is Associate Professor of Classics at Stanford University + design: Nicole Hayward. Cover illustration: Quartzite statue of Peshuper from Karnak, Thebes, 25th Dynasty, ca. 750-700 B.C ll ent oma BV test 8 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY 94704 WWW.UCPRESS.EDLner of tn nie mdi ry “Snap cum nd erly a on agen aoa ‘aon gan Fae che ‘Aci Egon Matt a boo af eating / etic cm 0 Content nt Os nd ie Rags wits cy in ape = ‘eltan Fate ar 2 he pd “inane tren ph Manne kee CLS TRS ey — ‘epi erste Tinea i Engi Tie Socio smoANCIENT EGYPTIAN LITERATURE Volume Ill: The Late Period Le igen tn My SITAR Ay ee Ey S321 4 00M ihe SEnegane. Eiseroling es 24300 By, BS SyieesyD Of ML Elid) 5] NBT ILM sR] AApn 2ST wangs y SF et Sorbent Ay +o wif Lies EY & feu me ametonvenspienb: A inlle 4.37 -6 Sas moe e524 tha 5 Wy lle LW M8 TF ANIA AN SS VEO pW ay Dap Uw PME AuiG NI ATs USA Arte Ayle swdE aya) easy E756 Tin We 4 Os Sd wy yn ele ys ais ew 7 SIMRAN AL DNA N16. eH) pth Se te tunis yes tems Stax y yy FBV yt Lov d Sy ENV yt By BAL, MIRIAM LICHTHEIMContents Chronology of the Late Period Abbreviations and Symbols Introduction ‘The Uses of the Past PART ONE: Tests in the Classical Language 1. Biographical Inscriptions ‘Statue Inscription of Djedkhonsefankh Statue Inscription of Nebnetera ‘Statue Inscription of Harwa ‘Two Statue Inseriptions of Montemet (Cairo Museurn 42257 Berlin Museurn 17271 ‘Statue Inscription of Pefuaneth Statue Inscription of Udjahorresne ‘Stel of Somtutefoakht Inscriptions inthe Tomb of Petsiris “The Long Biographical Inscription of Pewsiis ‘Two Speeches of Shy Father of Pecos Speech of Thothrekh Son of Petwsiris Sarcophagus Inscription of Wennofer Stela of Inenkhebe ‘Stel of Taimborep. I, Royal Inscriptions ‘The Victory Stela of King Pye A VitoryStla of King Peamk 1 “The Naucratis Stela of King Nectanebo LIL. Two Pseudepigrapha ‘he Hentiesh Sila The Famine Stl 13 13 1% Py Fa 30 31 33 36 “4 6 50 3 3 59 66 a 6 90 0IV. Hymnsand Lamentations ‘A Hymn to Imbotep at Karnak Hymns to Hathor inthe Temple of Dendera ‘Two Hymns o Khnum in the Temple of Esna ‘A Morning Hymn o Khun ‘The Great Hymn to Khu “The Lamentation of Isr and Nephthys pant Two: Demotie Literature “The Stories of Setne Khamveat Seine Khamwas and Naneferkaptah (Setne 1) Seine Khamwar and S:-Osie (Sete 11) ince Pedikhons and Queen Serpot 1 Lion in Search of Man ‘The Instruction of Ankhsheshong “The Instruction of Papyrus Indexes Divinities Geographical and Exhnical Terms gypuatn Terms Used inthe Translations gyptinn Words Discused in the Notes 104 104 109 0 6 ws wr 38 st 156 1 221 22 28 224 227 227Chronology of the Late Period Post-Imperial Epoch a. 1070-656 86. “Twenty-first Dynasty 070-945 “Tweny-second Dynasty 915-715, Sheshong 945-913 Osorkont ‘16-904 Osorkon IL Boo-860 Osorkon IV wss72 “Twenty-third Dynasty es Tuput 1 15785 “Twenty-fourth Dynasty 0715 "Tetnakht os “Twenty-fifth (Nubian) Dynasty in Egypt 753-956 Piye 158713 Shabako ris b08 Taharga 8-04 ‘Tantamani 854655 Sait Period: Twenty sixth Dynasty 604-505, Pramtik 654.610, Necho G10-595, Peamtik 505-589 Apres sbrs70 ‘Atmass srese6 Pamuk 1 526325 ‘ist Persian Domination: Twenty-seventh Dynasty 585-404 ‘Cambyses Sessa Dariws 58486 Xerxes 480-405, Ariaxernes feoaes Darius ae404 {at Independence: Dynasties 290 sorsit veny-eighth Dynasty 04398 wer nih Dynonty 308378“Thirtieth Dynasty srs Nectanebo I (Netht-nebet) 378360 Nectanebo II (Netht-hor-heb) 340341 Second Persian Domination saree “Artaxerues IU (Ochos) 34338 Darius II (Codomaa) 335330 Alexander the Great s3e339 Prolemaie Period 37330 Prolemy 1 Soter gesate Prolemy V Epiphanes tos Prolemy XII Neos Dionysos Bos Cleopatra VII Philopator pes Roman Period sonegagan, Note: Only kings mentioned in the texts and comments ofthis vol- time ae lat here. Note also that some ofthe dates ar conjecturalABO ANET ApaW ASAE BAR Berlin Fesuhrif BIFAO Bonnet, RARG Borchardt, ‘Sotuen Bresciani, ‘elirators Brugsch, Thera Brunner “Traut, larch cit! Cerny Cop. Die Rata. Fricisen, esestiche Abbreviations and Symbols A. H, Gardiner. AncewtEeyption Onomatica 3 vole Oxford, 1947 ‘Ancient Near Eastern Tes Relating to he OU Testament, fed. J.B. Prichard, Princeton, 1950: Sd ed, 1968, ‘Aikandtungen der Prewichen’Abadenie der Wien: Schafen, ‘nals du Service des Anti de Egypte JH. Breasted. Ancient Ricods of Egypt 5 vols. Chi- ‘ago, 1906-1907. Reprint, 1962 FPesschnft zum 150 jahrgen Besthen des Berner Ag tichen Museums, Staaiche Museen 20 Berlin, Mi tellungen aur der 3gyptchen Sammlung, 8. Bein, 174 Ballin de Mnatitut Frans CArchiologe Oriole de Cain, H. Bonnet. Reallxn der dgyptichen Religinsge schiche Berlin, 1952. TL Borchardt Statue und Staten von Kénigen und Privavtn im Musrum von Keio. Voll Catalogue general. du Musée du Caire. Berlin, 1925, E, Brescani, Letatwa ¢ fosia dal onto Ego ‘Turin, 1969, HK Brugsch, Thesaurus Insrpionum Aegyptiacaran. 6 parts. Leipzig, 1883-1891. Reprint, 1968, E. Brunner-Traut, Aldgypsce Marchen. Duseldort and Cologne, 1963, 2d ed, 1968 Chronique depp Cem afte Fama Dana. Camb, Compirs rendus de EAcadémie des Inscriptions ot Belles: etre W. Frid, Denativhe Loetiche. Leipsig, 1987. Sn 108 Hana 5 vl. Cai, 1959-196,Intermediate Lestat Wereres Lefetore ‘ama Lega Mariewe, ‘Mon, dv DIK Maonges Maspero 1 io" Miscellanea Gregorian Monte, Gaographie PON W. Erichsen, Dotches Glaser. Copenhagen, 1954, JR Harris, Lecographical Suis Ancien Egyptian ‘Minarat Akademie der Wisenschaften, Beri. 0: ir Orientforschung. Veroffentichung, 54 6, Journal ofthe Americon Oriental Soi. “Journal ofthe American Researh Center n Egy “Journal of Eypion Archaslogy. ‘Jornal of Near Eastern Studie, 1H. Kees Dir Hoenpreder des Aman vom Kernak om Herhar bis sum Ene di Mbiopeset. Probleme det Agyptologie, 4. Leiden, 1964 Kees. Das Printer im gypschn Stat Probleme er Agypuologie, 1. Leiden, 1955. Nechrdge, 1958, KA Richens Ramexide Inseiption, Hotel and Biographical Oxford 1968- KOA. Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt Warminster, 1973, I, cla. Rechercher sur ler monuments thins de fo AV lynaste die ethopiene. Tit Franais Are Gologie Orienale da Cate. Bibliotheque d'etude, 36, Caio, 1968. GG Tetebvre. Romane et contr ftom: de Pepe pharaanigue Para, 19. {GLegeain, Siamese taster de oe de parties Vol IIL, Catalogue général. du Musée du Cale Cairo, 1914 A. Mariette. Monuments dives recuils on Eye e Nuh Pari, 1872-1880. ‘Mirngen des deutschen archinogchen Isis, AB- leleng Kero. ‘Onent Ancien, Hnsiut Franeas d'Archéologie Orien- tale du Caive. Mémoires, 66. Cairo, 1984-1961 Akademie der Wasenachafien, Berlin. Mitlungen dex Ist far Ovenorchong. ‘Miscellanea Gregrona: Racca di srt pubblico nel ‘i centaio dla fondacone del Pont. Museo Ego. Rome, 19 P. Monte. Geograph de ppt ancine 2 vol. Pais, 1957-1961 _Miteitongen ous der Popyraszommlung der berichten Natonalibathok Papyrus Erserog RainerMaller, ‘Lishrpose Mohs Nowe oz. omzo te Gedenk- sehr owe, Inschrifen Perret, "Recueil P. Krall, pM Re. Rae Roeder, ‘Gaterule er Sachow Festschrift sak Sehot, Lieder Stadt Roselint Unter: suchungen vat vaca W. M. Miller. Die Lisbeth alin Arr Leip: 2g 1599. AW Spegeberg. Der eytiche My vm Sonengy (Der Papyre er Taft "Kf nah dem Leder Demaichon Papyras 384, Suasburg, 1917 Noch von der Clic der Wiseschafin 0 eninge Onesie Liranreting Leiden. ijsmuscum van Oudheden, Oudhidhndige degre Fragen an de aligpich Lita; Stun rm Ge- akon on Eberhard te, Wiesbaden, 199 E_ Owo. Die bographichen Inshrfen der deptichen Spite Probleme der Agypoloie, 2. Leiden 158 Be Perret Recunil insnption indies Muse Egypen Loire vole Par 1874-1878. Er Brescanh Der Kampf um den Panter dey Ines (Papyrus Kral) MPON, 08. Viena, 1904 Topographic Bibgraphy of Ancient Eton Hiro hpc Tes, Rei and Paint, by B, Porte and Be 8 Mowe 7 vole Oxford, 1827~ 1981.24 ed 1960 Reon Bibi Revs depp GC" Roeder” Die dppiche Gierl, Die Sqypiace Region in exten tnd Biker, 1-Zrich 109 ecu dere reli dla phil arch Ggptecas ot enpones Peter Eduard Soda, 8 G. Wel Beri, 1915 Studien sr aligyptichon Kultur. S. Schott Allagypiche Liber, mit Machen und Liebsgeshihten. Zari, 1950. ‘Studi im memoria di Ippaie Reelin. 2 vols, Psa, 1949 955, Untersuchungen zur Geschichte und Alertumskun: de Agyptens. Urhunden des dgyptschen Alertams, Abeitng H: Heo igbphische Urunden der griehisc vomschen Ze, Fe sethe. Leiprig. 1904 Urkunden dos agyptschon Aerts, Abeitung IIL Ur Iden de ater Aopen, ed. H. Schafer. Lp. ig. 18,Unk VIM Urhnden des digypschen Alertums, Abteitng VI Thebaniche Tompelinhron ous richcheromicher Zei, ed. K. Sethe and O. Firchow. Berlin, 1957 Vercoutter, J. Vercouter. Tees biographies du Sérapéum de Mem: ‘Tener phi. Bibliotheque de Tecole des Hautes Eudes, [Ve biogr, Section, $16, Pars, 1962, Volten, A. Volten, Denaiche Traumdntung, Analeta Aegyp- “Traum- tinea, 8, Copenhagen, 1942. deuting we, Worterbuch der agptchen Sprache, ed. A. Erman and H. Grapow. 7 vols. Leiprig, 1926-1963, Westendorf, W. Westendorf. Koptsches Handusrtrbuch. Heide Kept He. berg. 1965-1977 2a Zeichr frdgptiche Sprache und Alertumabunde Half brackets’ Tare used instead of question marks to signify lout ‘Square brackets [J enclose restorations. gle brackets) enclose words omitted by the scribe. rentheses () enclose additions i the English translation, row at dee dats indicates the omission in the English rans- Lusion ataneortwo wards, A row of sidots indiates long: A row of three dashes A tow of sx dashes = indicates a short lacuna in the tex Indias a lengthy lacuna,IntroductionThe Uses of the Past ‘The lax millennium of Pharsonic civilization, the time from the tend of the New Kingdom to Egypr’s conversion to Christianity, sa ‘complex period consisting of several distin phase. Inthe pas this long and eventful stretch of history has often been summarily treated twa phase of decline in keeping with te tendency in much past ad ‘event historiography of interpreting ancient cviations in terms of rise and decline" Now the Late Period is being stadied perceptively. ant there is also a more refined understanding of the currents that transformed the cvlizatons of the ancent Near East into the Christian nations ofthe Byzantine world Th polical terms the Late Period was aime of retreat Egypt lost ss imperial position, withdrew toss natural borders, became subject tr repeated foreign invasions, and ultimately lata independence Moreover, for much of the Por-Imperial Epoch (to use the term Inopoted by KA. Kitchen in his comprehensive study ofthe Third Iniermediate Prd) Egypt was woubled by interna divisions resuling Ivo the weakness ofthe ruling dynasties. The invasion of Egypt by sheregyptanized kings of Nubia restored the royal power ofa sage sivnasty over most of the county, But this Nubian dynasty, the "went, soon el victim tothe Assyrian invasions of Egype which “nated in the sack of Thebes in 653 nc rom 656 to 525 a.c. Egypt war once more united under its own Lungs the Twenty-six Dynasty, natives ofthe Delta ity of Sas. Sate tke brought a marked revival of political strength, prosperity, and ‘alral Rowering. It was also the time in which many Greeks sted hi Fxype and became a significant element in the population. The "erst conquest of 85 ushered in 3 long period of Persian domina tun, When independence was regained in 404, Egypt enjoyed nal scoring under the native kings of the Twentycighth, Twenty ‘nut anal Thirteth dynasties. In 841 Petia recongueted Egypt, but "ins stem Persian dominion ws bie, ending with Alexander the {hears entry into Egypt in 82 ‘Alexanler wae grote 28 Wherater. Aw the subsequent Macedo ship subjected Fgyp ta larga ule fr more severe in its ‘Hievty thaw! Persian lominns hua! been, Although the Ptolemiesassumed Pharaonic ceremonial, ther Greek culture and the imposi- tion ofa Greek administration turned the Egyptian into second-class ‘izens. As individuals, Egyptians and Greeks consorted with and Influenced each athe and by the second century the ewo peoples had drawn closer together. But the Macedonian hing could not be the Spokesman for Egypt's national culture. "Thus, under the weight of the imposed Hellenism and bereft of is own leadership, Egyptian Civilization became muted and subdued. continued to endure and it ‘even absorbed with surprising elasicty elements of Greek cukure in Srtand erature Ill the while both the Greek and the Egyptian way of life were transformed bythe changer in man's outlook which operated through but the Hellenistic world f this changing outlook io be summed up Jina single phrate, it may be called the quest fr salvation. Ita a9 age of spiritual distress and of groping for new answers. And when excessively exploitative Roman rule had drained Egypt's wealth and ‘enslaved its people, the time was ripe forthe Egyptians wo embrace vith fervor the new gospel of Chest Then the Egyptians destroyed wrth their own hands the civlzaion that they had bue and cherished. for three thousand years. The Egyptian turned Christan is 2 new ian, With him begins a new chapter in the history of Egypt and the history of man. The hieroglyphic inscriptions of the Late Period continue the principal genres of the carer eras: private autobiographies, royal Sccounts of victories and royal decrees, and hymns tthe gods. All these monumental inscriptions were composed inthe lass! berary language which we cll Middle Egyptian. Perfected inthe me ofthe Mile Kingdom, Middle Egyptian bad subsequently achieved the status ofa classical, normative language, Ithad become obligatory for All monumental inscriptions though Bere and there these inscriptions ‘were infiltrated by forms and phrases taken from the vernaclar of the New Kingdom, the o~alled Late-Egyptian The scribes of the Late Period handled this clasical nguage, Which was now very far removed from their own vernacular, with ‘varying degrees of skill. Studying itas a heritage to be cherished and Used, they aot only employed its grammar and vocabulary. but 380 ‘drew from the ast store of works kept in Hbraries old formulations land phrares to be woven into new patters. Thus, the monumental ineriptions of the Late Period are characterized by an electic uve of the classical tongue (using the erm "eclectic" without any disparaging onnotation). The forms of the language ate those ofthe Middle Kingdom; the expressions when not freshly coined, ae drawn from both Middle and New Kingdom stores Now and then some PyramidTexts of the Old Kingdom were copied. But by ant large the Mile and New Kingdoms, rather than the Ol! Kingdom, frrshed the models “The sme eclectic, combined wih (ret inspiration, chara. ins the art of the Late Ferod. The sates, inscriptions, and tomb Teles of for example, Montemet exh the whale range ofthis lectin along wih new ari inapiraton, the ter dommnatig in the powerful modeling of hs porta ulptue ‘anther se o wish the pst was put inthe Late Period was to ceompodeiscipions with propaganda purpoc nthe gue of ‘rors ofthe past. Such pueudepagrapha ae the Bets Sela an the Fine Si. ‘The Benth Suta purports tobe a decree of Ramses iin fact work of citer the Persian or the Pole period. is 2 tale of wondrous healing performed by the Theban god Rhone she- rower, and ii plee of propaganda on behalf ofthis go The anne Sa cama to be a decree of King Dyer of the Third DDymanty wheres a work of Brokat tne, probably composed ty the priesthood of the temple of Khnum at Elephantne and ‘lxgned to buttress the Kin temple's cam wo revenue aained trom the region of Elephanine snd fom Lower Nubia. “Yeanoter example of te deste ute the presige othe past for the benef of the present the walled *Memphite Theology.” instoed on the Shale Ste the work King Shabaks of The Twenty filth Dyna alleges to have copied anealy work which he ect found in wermenten condiion. The clam, along with he Strongly archazing language of he ext, sed generauons of Eayp> ‘"lopots ino ssigning the comportin tothe OM Kingdom, A recent tile by F. Junge (MDIK, 29 (1973. 195-200) makes i appear tan that ka work of the TwentyAith Dynan. Reader f tis ology shoul in their minds transfer his text from Volume | of ‘win Een itrtre int the context of the pacudepigrap of ‘ie present volume ‘he adoographcal ns of de Late Period reveal a mentality "piety tt are tradional ad yet sbay fren from the celpof the pat There tle opniam and tore concer Tei ingen asumed that righteous lring guarantees 2 suceal Ie Sinteu and happiness ae now thought wo depend enurey onthe sre ofthe gout. The lndiveual ean achieve nothing witht thet ii bute il ofthe gods racruable, Yr Mica prized ny Une Py tell demanded thet He should be enjoyed. Thun enjoy cot af Ue isa ba theme of the aunobiographie, And Wh ‘Nhuvttion to vale ie femme venta tthe oral code of the attr“The one real calamity was a premature death. Three biographical inscriptions the tomb inscription of Ththoth zm of Pts the tla of Henthebe, and the stela of Tastep have a their main theme & Tament over an early death. The introduction of such 3 lament into the autobiography seems to be an innovation ofthe Late Period. The Tainent over death had been a regular feature of the burial ceremony. nd its Formulas had been inscribed in the tomb in scenes showing the funeral. But co make the autobiography the carrier of a lament fer an early death meant changing its whole character, for is purpose had always been to record a successful life. Thus, when a Fament over a premature death became the rain content, the original purpose ofthe autobiography was canceled. In this changed form the utobiography had become an epitaph and had come to fesemble the Greek eptapis ofthe Hellenist period (Greek epitaphs had alo undergone an evolation. They began in classical Greece as brief statements of "Here les” In Greco-Roman times they grew int elaborate poetic refetions about ie and death, some pious and hopeful others frankly skeptical, and they incorpo. Fated increasing amounts of biographical narrative It may therefore bbe suggested that che subgroup of Egyptian biographical inscripcions, the kind that lamented an eaely death had become akin tothe Greek ‘epitaph in its Hellenistic form, form in which sorrow over death was ‘combined with biographical deal ‘Thus, an Egyptian and a Greek Titerary genre, each of which had sarted from a diferent premise, had converged. Add to this the fact that there came into extuence a mixed Greco-Egyptian population. If we then encounter in Greco Roman Egypt Greek epitaphs that reflect attitudes akin to those of the Egyptians, and often abo invoke Egyptian gods, the underlying factors would scem to bea combination of spontancous convergence and mutual influence. In any cate, the Greek epitaph from Egypt bear witness the Hellenistic amalgam of creeds and customs whieh Alexander's empire brought into being, Here are two Greek epitaph From Egypt the firs of Ptolemaic the second of Roman date (W. Peek, Gruchirhe Grabgedict, richick und ‘Ueauch (Berlin, 1960), nos. 158 and 426) 1. A happy old mon Wanderer, my name's Menelas, Doros my father’, lor was and a happy old man when I died My children’s loving hands entombed me, 1 thanked Helios, grateful forthe sweet git Stranger, recite to me now the appropriate saying “Joy othe dead in the earth,” double the wish for you1. An snfortunate young women Who died here? —~ Heros. — How and when? — Heavy-wombed In pained labor she set dowa her burden Mother was she for a moment, the child perished aso, What was the luckles one's age? — Two times nine ‘Years of flowering youth had Herois. Light may ‘The earth be on her, may Osiris bestow cooling water. “The Nubian kings of the Twenty. fifth Dynasty, and the Saite kings fof the Twenty-stth, were men of marked energy and enterprise ‘Among their surviving inscriptions the great Vir tela of King Poe ‘copies the foremont place, owing to Hs outstanding quales of Tactualness and vividness I combines an unusually detailed account Dt the campaign with an equally unusual portrayal ofthe thoughts ind feeling of Pie and his adversaries. Ie also noteworthy that the Scribe who weote i handled the classical language i sucha way a8 10 Convey spontaneity and vigor. This acount ofa victorious campaign Ts'o the limit the scope of Egyptian historiography. which sways meant royal account of royal deeds. Only inthe end, when the ‘ing was a foreigner, could the pew Manetho inspired by Greek professional historiography, undertake o write, in Greek, a history of Fay ‘Under the Ptolemaic administration the temples of Egypt con- ved to have a privileged status, and the Puolemies assumed the Pharaonic duty of building and rebuilding the sanctuaries. I is an inony of history thatthe best preserved temples of ancient Egypt are those that were buil im Greco-Roman tine: the temples of Pie, Kam Ombo, Edfu, Dendera, and Esna. Their numerous religious invcriptions acquaiot us im detail with the elaborate daly rcul and ‘ith the lengthy ceremonies ofthe great festivals This the context ihe many hymns to the gods. They are frequently diffu to tilrstand, for the pris tendency to hermedcsm here attained lull scope: The Hyena Hathor have poetic merit. Ast the dificult ‘iat Hymn to Kham, with es carious physiology ofthe human body hivled i here largely in order to direct the reader to 8, Sauneran's ‘itagsteral volumes on the Esna temple ad ie fetal The cultaf Osiris entailed hymns of a particular kind: lamentations ‘ser the death of the god, chanted by priestesses representing the Iuesaes lis and Nephhys, Such lamentations probably exited in The exely periods alto. but the texte of this type which fave been teservet all date (rom the Late Period. The Lamentations of is and Ney included here mere appa to 3 copy of the Book of theDead and thus adapted to the use of an individual person, an adaptation made posible by the practice of associating every dead person with Osis ‘All the texs written in the classical language ule the three styles which I dicussed briefly in the previous volumes: prose, poetry, and In intermediate form which I cilled “oratonal syle" The oration Style is characeried by metrically formed lines phrased as direct, Speech, oF, inthe ase of royal encomia esti ether the fist oF the third persons. This prose-poetry differs from prose in that the Sentences havea regular rhythmic pauern, and difers rom poet in that it lacks the specifially poetic devices, such as srophes. This theory of three svies is tentative, for the principles of Egyptian metrics are not really known. A’ dicusson of the problems of Egyptian metrics may be found in my article, "Have the Principles of Egyptian Metric Been Discovered?" UARCE. 9 (1971/72), 108" 110) Demotic erature —“Demotic™ isthe term (borrowed from Hero: lotus TL.36) which designates the cursive writing deseloped from Late Hieratic and, along with the language writen in that script. emote writing was first used in the middle of the seventh century tunder the Sate Dynasty. The Demote language was the vernacular of the period. twas employed in the composition of bells letres and {or nonlterary texts of daily fe, such a contacts, lawsuits, ad tax receipts. It goes without saying that all the works writen in the ‘vernacular Have more vitality and color than the texs composed in the classical language. In relation to New Kingdom belles letrer—the Tales, Love Poems, School Tes, and InstruionsDemosc belles etre show both continuity and change. No Demotic love poems have come to light, nor was the gente "school texts” continued. But Tals and Inaction Hourished abundantly In the. Taler the principal innovations are greater length and complenty, the ute of motif derved from Greek berature, and the Appearance of animal fables, These aspects are pointed out in the prefaces that introduce the translations. Here I should like to stress, that Prince Sere Khemas, the hero ofthe wo tales named fr him, was a passionate antiquarian. The historical prince Khamas, the fourth son of Ramses I, had been high priest of Ptah at Memphis and ‘dministrator ofall he Memphite sanctuaries. Inthaccapacty he had examined decayed tombs, restored the names of their owners, and tenewed their funerary cuts, Poserty had transmited his renown, and the Demoti tale that were spun around his memory depiced hhim and his fional adversary Prince Naneferkaptah as very learned scribes and magicians devoted tothe study of ancient monuments andwritings. The antiquarian passion auributed to these princes i yet ‘another indication ofthe strong sense of the past which sso notable a Teature of Late Period culture. Modern scholars have tended (0 imterpret this harking back to the past as a symptom of decay. In my View it was a source of strength which helped the Egyptians (0 Inaintain their native culture in the face of Hellenism during si ‘Centuries of Greco-Roman domination. ‘The Demotic Instructions depart from their protosypes in several respects, The earlier Instructions had poreayed human characters and sitations by drawing vigatis of Ue Their word portraits were byl up through sequences of interconnected sentences composed in the orational style. The Demotc Instructions consist of single sell: ontained sentences written in plain prose. with each sentence occu prying one line on the page. ‘Thus each sentence is grammatically omplete, and its independence is graphically underined y the ‘squation of 4 sentence with 9 ine on the page. Several consecutive sentences may. but need not, deal with the same topic. Hence an Instruction can be very miscellaneous in is overall character, 23s the 5 inthe Isructon of Anthseshong. "The Iniiraction of Papyrus Ininger hat more coherence and struc. tue. The individual sentences are grouped into chapters by means of ‘chapter headings and conclusions, and each chapter is more or les ewoted to one topic. Yet neary all sentences are self-contained and tnlependent of one another. This method of composition resus ia nsporitions, variations, omissions, another changes and errors in te transmission ofthe text Para Isinger abounds in all hese and thereby greatly impedes the understanding. The morality of the Inatruction of Anbkcheshong is witarian, sometimes humorous, and ‘rcasionallycyical, while that of Papyrus Insinger serious and pious Papyrus Inanger was written in the first century 4.0. It one of several copies ofa long morality text. Whatever the original date of tihecomposition may have been nt surviving copies this Instraction fie lates of the Egypuan Instructions and one that makes a Buting ‘ling to ancient Egyptian literature, Ts ethics is one of endurance tater than of action’ The vie that it places sbove all others tnderation, a sense of the right measure. Wisdom lies inself.contol “in iva pious acceptance of what the gods may send. Incrutable and tinpredictable, the divine will manifens itself through Fate and Fortune. "The emphasis onthe concep of fortune evokes Hellenistic popular UHhsight. The notion of the reversal of fortune had been current in gyptian thought atleast see the New Kingdom: but the emphasis ‘han Pays Inger paves ate nal frie athe arbiters eisunprecedented and suggests the effect of Hellenistic thinking. Greeks and Egyptians alike were participating in, and being transformed by, the currents of Hellenistic universalism, syncretism, and pessimism Which were undermining all the polytheisic cultures ofthe Mediter- snean workd and paving the way forthe new gospel ofthe Kingdom of heavenPART ONE Texts in the Classical Language1. Biographical Inscriptions ‘The dignitaries who adimintered Thebes nd the Tebsid during the Pow Imperal epoch, under» rap succenon of tings and unde the hangeles governance of Amr of Thebes. are represented hereby eh Nites, Man nd Nr, fot ers ‘clergy of Amun, The frat served King 3 the Trenspaccond DDynauywhle te a wo eld ce under te Teeny (Noban) Dynasty With he Twenty-sneh Dynasty, which hailed from Sis the center of| er nas once agin inthe north The restoring ais of he Seite sty ae iutated ty the biography of Pfarnth,wo ecrds Hs work of rebuilding st Abysoe “Fie desracton of te Sie Dynasty ‘through the Persian conquest of Egypt is refiected i the tography of Udjaeree, who ales guarded tothe ealamiy ofthe Peta con (gust adele at sand length ne sweets to sere ‘Sormal ie through alaboraon mith he Pesan conquerors after they ad eed downto rule "The carer of Sommtatt spans three eras: the ral years of Egy independence ander th Thatch Byrn, thea sad ‘ierander the Gre. Ps, the high pies of ‘hah at Herfopele agaa:lookrbackon lng years ei to his town mh Scat ofthe fourth centr. when Persian domiion ended mn Macedonian file wa insted. The ography af Wenner, sbed on scfm ‘hoy devoted to he ie enjoyed insription of Thoth sn of Pear ad ofthe Bographal eae 3 eke and Tate. STATUE INSCRIFTION OF DJEDKHONSEFANKE From the Temple of Luxor Cairo Museum 559 “The near independence ofthe Theta in the time ofthe Twenty: finn Bynanty wa fereinnd by Shuskony ls the founder of te Toca son yma Hep te Thban spon back nd hein prey en Tees aly te pons a Fe ‘tay marry he saablaed Theban Tamil Te career oftomate ars hs py and ainaphy pier ni bapa af pera byedlndaefath (jeden ankh) came from 2 Theban fay of ag Eneage apd fe mari the daugier of Tape, send son of Sheng ata high pres of Amun Than, when Oxon I moceeded Ina ftherSheshong 1" Djehonstand the husband of hance. na fore coun and suey ewan ade Four Prope of {Ente to Serve the royal houses well Theis and god Am, is aucbsogaphy i iene on black satwe of dark rane, LOD a high He i seated wth legs drawn up under the ein and “krapped'n lng garment nthe posture called back or ube tue 3 sie convo saisary sn the New Ringo and pecaly Evored inthe Lae Pern, he wean thicenhovzoal ines covers the front an sides ofthe body an there ares tensa om the ‘se pln I adi eight sore text columns now more than all ‘estdyed are inueried om the Feet Tse tel tat te tue war ded ‘Sted by his eet so “fst athe satu carved with lwo the text componed with clberation and wih srvng frees by mesos of usa wre find phrases The basic translation atsen sed OW ca believe be improvedin a numberof places expel through the recgrtion St reprint at one he Sahota apech eam ne Keka of content tha to ay he second bentence of each couplet “cnlarges pon the theme ofthe fire seen through amplicon oF Publication: G, Daesy, RT, 16 (894), 86-60. Morchard, Ste: fuens 108-108 and p94. M.A. Jansen in Sut asin 119120 (bes exe ad asia, “Translaton: Oxo nckre, pp 15219 (abridged) Comment 1 Kees, 248.74 (108, 2: dem, Pres, pp 206 Kitchen, Thin urea, pp 219. 288, 308 (1) The one honored by Amun, great favorite ofthe lord of Thebes the Fourth Prophet of Amen Re, King of Gods, the herald. and follower of Amen-Re, King of Gods: the chief incease-bearer before ‘Amuns the one who performs the robing and prepares his holy chapel: the monthly priest of the House of Amun of the third phe: the second prophet of Mut, mistress of heaven, the prophet of Khons fof Benent:" the chief scribe ofthe temple of Khons the priest who [goes in front of him whose throne endures, Amen-Re, King of God: the prophet of Amun, Conqueror-of-foreignlands, the prophet of ‘Amun, the living protection: the guardian of the chest of the House of ‘Amun of the second phyle: the Ejes of the King in tpeesut. the “Tongue ofthe King ia Upper Egypt; who bogs jubilee for bislord the King from the god of this land: the facbearer tothe right of the King, who strides frely inthe palace; the tue intimate of Horus, his beloved, Djedkhonsetankh, son of the prophet of Amen-Re, King ofs, who saw the sacred Horus of the palace, Nespernebur (3) born the strum player of Amen-Re, Nesmut, he say) Hail to you who wil come after, Who will be in future times! 1 shall make you call me blessed. For my destiny was great ‘Khnum fashioned me as one effective, An adver of excelent counsel He made my character superior to others, He secred ty tongue to excellence [kept my mouth clean of harming him who harmed me, [My patience turned my foes into my fiends [riled my mouth, was shied in answer ‘Yer did not acquiesce in ei-doing, “The people (5) reckoned me as openhanded, For I despised the piling up of riches. T caused them all greet me for my excellence, Hand-kissng tomy ke and saying of me “The progeny of his father, His mother's godly ofp No one reviled my parents on account of me, “They were much honored owing to (ny) worth ‘They found me helpful while they were on earth, ‘And I supply them in the desert vale Tid not tet my servants call me “our mast {made myself the image of ther father. The Good God praised me, Sethem-trpere-sipene? His heist prised (7) me agai, sill more than he [Aveach one reigned he was content with me, For they perceived my worth among the folk Ihe country's nobles strove to copy me, Heente my favor sith the ing was grea 1 strayed* not from his majesty atthe palace, He did not exclude me from his flcon-ship. is deink was sweet Tate with hit, {sipped wine together with him. ‘he god esteemed me for attending him agreeably, I wom vanced in keeping with toy warth ‘he wae T foresee heat of Hor, Aste reat song miWhen I reached Thebes in (my) old age," (9) T did what was favored in Tpetsut Appointed king's speaker at its" head, 1 id nor give pra to him who fauered me. I prevented expenses beyond the king's orders, | protected the goods of its poor. 1 put respect of ts lord before them, | restrained the arms of is robbers 1 was constant in sending reports to the king In cases of relieving hardships He gave assent what | sid, He favored me above his couriers, My goodness wat» sheltering refuge, [A fundament that would not ever tik IF kept (11) my mouth clean of doing hare. He increased their members among the attendants IF 1 [walked] on the water of my lord," He protected them more than the chest in the tomb. fT eafeguarded hit majeny’s orders to me, ‘They were promoted in the palace IFT taised a son above the rank of his Father, ‘Their request were fuliled as they wished. IFT seatered my wealth on everybody, They thought (me) the equal of Hu IFT hated slander, loved set [A voice was raised for them to guard them from evi was thus a god for them, “They knew my action when he! bexowed favors When they succeeded mein the King’ servic, “Their rank was through me in accord with my wish May I sce the children oftheir children, While Premain on earth! May my body be young in their descendants While Tam here thereafter! [shall not vanish for 1 know: (God acts for him whose hear i rue! (On the Back plnch (1) The one honored by Khons, great fvorite ofthe lord of Benent the fourth prophet of Amen-Re, King of Gods, Djedkhonseankh, justified; som ofthe priest of Amen-Re, King of Gods, and intimate of Horus in his palace, Nespernebu, justified: he says: When [was icharge of che loaves, my lord Amun enriched me- (3) was constant in lendtag grain to the Thebans, in nourishing the poor of ay town, Aid ot rage at him who could not pay 1 didnot presehim so asto seize his belongings. aid not make him sell his poods to another, 0 a (0 Yepay the debt (5) he had made. Tsated (him) by buying his goods and paying two or three times their worth, One cot equal what tdi in hny respect. T didnot quarrel wth him who had robbed me, for 1 inew ane does nt get sich by thei. Gad does what he wishes! protided mortuary aferings for Ms paren citeenege at Soot web oer Peres mene lothoruttaiascrcurne efi TEE ens eccupeiernn usm thesensereqived here “ SFE Em me se onepre mami wodete Eopeintst uormtmaonrints ies catenin Seb oot Sate se Re Se cea oeremasrceeerenas Bas sete enya Sapch ele SIM AT, be ® ce Veco, Fu bog “E The feminine six hee nd nthe olloing sentences veteso si Scent ig ttn en wat oan eat a coe eS eee ek calor oe ieee ty Bb tense6 sso veri evenarene Jin general would make litle sera On the parce i with conditions sete ace now] Ong SAK. 10978) 268227 Tio wall on (ot be oF) someon water” means beep and evated TR Hu would here be not the divine werance bu rather the Te The hing From Karnak A handiome block natue of rey gant, 10m high, Thecacuches of ing norm are inscribed oa Nebr’ shot er In adaiton, fis shoulder bears the inscription “Fist Prophet of Amon ‘Thebes Insed onthe front athe by ae he sanding res of ‘Amun Re, Pah, and Osr, with ech fod adresing 2 blesing £0 Below the scene i the Beginning ofthe biographical insctpion The {ron i an idan) autobiographical sarement in theft person tihich ead tan appeal othe prensa the temple’ Oe ip se Baicot eles and epute cam inte thd person alowed by 3 prayer Side‘n'the principal autbiographeal inserpion eding in another Sppesi vote pens co sfegeard and supply hs matue "Dn the back lah isa summary ths ofcer ad es tebe too veal and feo norton inet repeat te tales of Nebnetra and 30d those of hi nt Hor, nho dedicate the sate af hin ahr Tike Djedihonsefnkh before him, Nebneters elonged oa leading “Thetae fly whose members eld importsnpontonsin the Thebae Drcahood and at cour and were rel othe ang dynaty hugh Coury alice war that of “royal setter” an fee whieh tae ‘Sterne adminetratine duce sanfaon wih ht ctepnaly tng Uf, and hr empha exh thon to the reader to enjoy Ie, to eschew worries, a to shan he ‘hough of deat ‘ebtcion Lean, Stuy 1, S862 and p32 Parla eat atlauan, and study: H. Kees, EAS, 74 (1998), 79-87 a 8. Gere erin A.90 (08) 787610. 96 Kew, Iniematia. pp 211-213)(nm the fron of the by i ght coum (1) The prince, count, royal seaL-bearer, prophet of Amon in Ipet- sat, royal secretary.” Nebneter, son of the mayor, vizier, mouth of NNekhen, Neseramun, born of Muthetepti says 1 was one unique and excellent, Great im is toven, ‘Much exteemed in the temple, [Amun appointed me door-opener of heaven So that I sv his fore (3) in lghtland, He introduced me tothe palace in private So that I saw Horus in his image? Teought what was useful fr my town in my ie, My concern wat forthe house of god He gave me rewards in blessings, He Fequited (me) ashe wished He provided me with a son to take office, Om roy entering the Land of my permanence (6) Usaw his worth ashe Geced the shrine, ‘As one honored by the King inthe palace. “The prophet of Amun, fan-bearer at the Kings right, Royal secretary ofthe Lord ofthe Two Lands. Hor I saw my sons as great priest Som after som who issued from me. auained the age of ninety. Being healthy whose illness. one desices (7) the length of my ie ‘One must praise god for anacher in my name © priests, divine fathers of Amon! You shall be on earth without want ‘Through the favor of Amun, I you give water to my statue or wbose worship (ony) ba rss early! For the bof the priest td royal secretary, Ter. Fyery day unending (On the righ side in item horizontal lines (2 Long ive the prince, count royal seal bearer, Prophet who opets the dors of heaven in Ipecsut Chic secr wha contents she feat Re-Atatn fa Phebe,Who enters the palace in private: “The eyes ofthe King throughout the land Who comes praised from the palace: [A mouth skilled in confidential speech, Provider of Upper Egypt im his time: Whose coming is awated in the palace, Whose wisdom has advanced his ta: ‘The royal (8) secretary for Upper Egypt, Neboeters Som af the prince. count, royal seaL-bearer, rophet of Amun in Ipetu Mayor, vizier. mouth of Nethen, Guide ofthe whole land, rem priest, Leader ofall kilts, prophet of Maat, Neseramun: Som ofthe prophet and door-opener of heaven in Ipetsu Firs prophet of Mont, Lord of Thebes, Intimate of the King inthe palace, Fan-bearer atthe Kings right Royal secretary of (5) Pharaoh, Nebneteru May your ctygod act for you ‘Amen-Re, Lord of Throneraf-the-Two-Lands, Sole god, wuly beniga. whose glory endures, Lord of al in heaven, on earth, ‘The lightlander who resin ightland, ‘By whom everyone lives, Exalted of form, lord of joy. Presiding over Thrones of-the-Two-Lands! ‘And Re-Harakhi, the radiant, Whose serpent shins, Who is bright in (7) the eyes of al And great Ptah South-of hs- Wal. Lord of Memphis, Lord of Mast, ‘Who created all theres: ‘And Ost, Lord of eteriy, Ruler of everlastingness May they love you as you come in peace, May they renew yout he in the sanctuary May your seat be spacious as when you were on earth! May al the living love you May you inhale myrrh and sweet ointment ‘And Yeceve (9) the cleansing of the Two Lords? May the two jars give you their content, May you receive the lain the hallMay your babe brought to the altar daily May the arm be bentat your tom®, May the water of the revered be given you From the hands ofthe servants of god May all kinds of food be poured out In the sanctuary by the great press (1) May your limbs be fashioned anew, May your body be Blessed afresh, In reward for your having entered before god, {And having seen Aon inthe hall of columns. You have opened the doors of the portal of lightand, You have brought sunlight from the eastern mountain You have entered pute with words of cleansing, You have made great your monthiy cleansing Your hand wat sound, your tongue exac, 13) Your mouth shot is speaking fy. ‘Your tongue was guarded Your speech was fre of ev Allgood things shall be given you. ‘An offering befitting one like yoo (On he eft siden hirten orzo lns (2) Long tive the prince, count, royal seal-bea Prophet, doorepener of heaven in Ipet aut, ‘Who enters int the secret ofthe poral ofthis Ind, Palace councillor who guides the land with his counsel Great dignitary in Upper Egypt Royal secretary of Upper Egypt, Neboetru, justified: Son ofthe mayor iver, mouth of Nekhen, Prophet of Maat, Neseramu, justified: he says | Tived on earth as intimate of the God." Aseyes ofthe King in Ipet-st ‘One who gave directions all work (3) tothe ignorant, ‘Who guided the craftsmen by the rle ‘Who knew his speech when speaking in the palace, Who removed the wrong in every mater ‘Who contented all the gods with their prications. [aldressed the people in a manner they liked, {jue everyone aecording to his nature, ve attention to what he wished, [Spent my fetime in heats delight, worry, without ls lay Vstive with wine and nye,{banished languor (5) Feom any bear [knew iti dark inthe desert vale," Te not foolish todo the hears wish “The prophet of Amun, the royal secretary, Tery he say: Happy is he who spends his life In Following his heart wth the Besings of Amun!" He granted my office of door-opener of heaven, He appointed me intimate ofthe palace. Having surpassed the hfespan of any man (7) in my dine, [reached the desert vale with his Messing. How the land mourned when I passed away, My kin not differing from the people!” Da not fret because the ike wail happen Ie mad fo ive with ead on knee! Do not be tghtfited with what you own, Do not act empty-handed with (your wealth! Do mot sit in the hal of hear’ concern. Foretelling the morrow before it has come! Do not deny! the eye vs water, ‘Lest i come unawares! Do not sleep withthe dtk inthe es, Do mot thre tthe side of beer!” The west seks to ide (11) from him who follows his ear. ‘The heart isa god, “The stomach its shrine Ie rejoices when the imbs are fev! © priests, divine fathers of Amn, ‘Who enter the heaven upon eath, Very pare a the monthly feos, Who bring che Eye atthe two strides of the moon* Do not remove my statue From is place Beware of Amun’ reproach (15) Perform the royal offering for my ha every day. With every leftover from Amn, Bread, ber, wine, and oil From the table of the Lord of Thebes, For the fa of this excellent noble! (Om the Back pln in four ent (0) The prince, count, royal wal-heare, Prophet of Amun in Thebes, Supervisor ofthe prophets of all he godsSpecial one tothe King Intimate of the King. Favorite in the palace ‘Whom the King gave riches and praises Because of the greatness of his knowledge. [A great one in his office, ‘Outstanding in his rank, Who removed the wrong in every mater. Chiet seer (3) who contents the heat of Re-Atum in Thebes (Chief of works on all monuments ofthe house of Amun, Royal secretary for Upper Egypt, Nebreteru, justified Son of the prince, court royal sal-bearer Prophet of Amun in Ipc “Mayor, vzer overseer of the companions ofthe palace, ‘Setom-priest, leader of all kilewearers, Judge, mouth of Nekhen. intimate of Horus inthe palace, Prophet of Maat, Neseramun, justified, Born of Muthetept 1 Lt ings aie of ate” or, acumen Ti i Nene "2: Netter’ panic function at» pri of Amun of Ipeaat (Karnak) nano open the dors ofthe snceary daring te da it. ‘eaven” aed igand (heron) sre mor forthe temple "June Neterer could approach he god he shrine ols did the hase acceso ne ing ORE plac. te Hing ne Hoss being the ‘hry image of Amun Theses Am catch uh "here haa metaphorical sete which is ooc qute dea, Au the sping wa eoinne rand four ake, eet read the elective fad rendered aod es gesmmes [SC prope wo ake the fourth rahe hes f the Re pero [Revo the meaning ace tin the light of he expression Im which eeu is line 9 of the left iaripon, where the conte sugges ory eon Hence rear“ come hk So following Kes, but he writing oy, “anther “Sekai of Nebneter, seconds the rank and eles hs grandather Nebmeer slr whom he oe named 5 sce tal faa for gm The "wo Lord are Moros ond Se wre andthe2 1. The missing sgn abacores he meaning 12) Les “one who enter upon the god's theo” ere the i 1S, Weds e-tneude™ inthe venetof-languor: and spay and [in undim bt man sonvey the ides ofoveteoming the ear en ‘ide, Ths sete atained ftom theron, upron expel not rom Jo. veward bribe” Kees rendering. eh pense meiner Herren ‘aula does nt su IH. Ths inthe only remark aout the land of the dead dark here Aller allged reeves ote gor othe afer ich Ress hd fea int ies 8-10 his tendering in Z4S, 74 (108879, were de to ‘atanlatons which Kees submequemycoreced in ZAS, 68 (90273), Breer 15. W2d appears tobe an idiom for “happy to, “eed "In Ancien egpon Larabar, Wht meds ew the amet fF eden To. This sentence sums up the Egyptian concep of the good and bese fe "Foiowing the hear” ime eto make the be aa ules Sse of what fe holds being ave. generous. a oye Beneath ‘he exhoration enjoy ie ay the continuo confer Beween alsin Af ints rantortns Sd te ion ofa earl aire vaso that eile between hope an das. The dats srr by hs com USS Vetncang der auc in Oe Cri ppb 88. 17 Teste get ofthe peopl ge was sr th of Nene TR Li "Do not fe es ike may happen.”‘The meaning, "Do rot think Sbout your death 7 Et "Sade for hi who ines wth hen on-kne"“Heaon nce wa the poste of mourning 21. Asvming the verb 16 be either In of Wh. 5.44.1, oF br of Wh 22! Le, "Be up when the sun up, and when bee is avaiable drink 25, A word ply on im "the wer” and nn “oncemen:* Again ‘The Horas Eye, the symbol offerings offered athe feasts of the waxing moon 125 Tao te high pret of the sg STATUE INSCRIPTION OF HARWA -erln Meum A163 A bck xatue of lack granite, 0.487 m high. einone of eight know saver of Hane the High Svar of the ‘Dine Consort af Amun ‘Ameri, daughter of King Kahin Under the Nubian Ainge’ of the Twenty. Rh Dynasty the ofce of Divine Conor of Amun a ‘Thebes betame especially prominent, Exerced by s king’ dauget, 4nd trantinited t's female uczenor by adoption. the postion of High ear of Amun emrd ih ig comin Poca rapon®Steward war an imporan personaly inthe adminraon The prot thence achive bythe Dvne Conse and bythe Hig Seward was tls a coro to the ded ing sigieance ofthe off af High Past ‘PF Propet) of Aman inthe Nusan ana Sate Pethape the inscripsona in Harwa'ssumpuss Eat bay damaged ute ton Ro.'s Tchad on, weet ‘ele othe Nubian conquest of Egypt. ‘The isripion on his ght tuck however are miedo formals Memaont of srs Sed ‘ofthe exteem in whic he wat hel by his mitre the Dine Consort ‘Amina by hs mane he hg. Hom teary po of Dhrass with metaphors that appear tobe uf new or recent, coinage "hemor oe iy he Ml gyn sen of Ce Rie scriptions the more docs one resize the Selberstene that govern he ‘hole of words Far from beng chosen at random, te pas ae come for trabiy tothe nderiing mera schemes oF the oro Sole and for shetrvalellcavenes. And when one compost Fe Appears mth variations on anosher man's monument we ay ame thst had been deemed especialy pleasing Thus that many of the Diraser of Harwa's Berlin awe se ocuron ht Lave ate (A 8) End reappearon asta of hbauccenor the High Seward Akan Publictoon B. Gunn and R Engelbach, B/FAO, 30 (1081, 791-815 lene eaghesnuet Gann, BIRO, 34 (984) 135-148 ened tet hte Bern statue ad ots). \Commener onthe eight sates J. Cle, IFAD, 8 (198), 129-198. coh Kents, BIFAO, 44. (103, TAS 16h. Gs Roeder, BIFAO. 34 Ui) T6598 Sen, PAO, 34 C999) 175187 “Teaalaton Oso, 150159 he Bern satu. On the Drie Connor of Attn sec epi Lens Reh, pp. 888386, (On he tate’ right shoulder "he God's Hand, Ameniedis, used (nthe of shslder "he God's Hand, Mistress ofthe Two Lands, Amenirds, justified (On the fom ofthe bay n ten horizontal ines (1) The prince, count, royal seal-bearer: true, beloved King’s fiend: leper ofthe diadem of the God's Adoress royal servant inthe royal ‘harem embalmer-pries-af-Anubis of the God's Wife; prophet ofthe Corts Adoves, Ameniedis, justified, inher kechapel ‘In pwiess: prophet of Osiris 8) Giver of Life; the Steward Harwa, son Hl the sre Pediat, justified, he says: © prophets, livin fs All wh emer the ten +. priests, an lector priests, eof Av of IpetstTo perform rites, to (5) make offerings, To perform the service of the monthly priest “The august god shal live for you, You shal be pure to hie He shal make you abide with his besings, I you sil 3 Am offering that the King gives, ‘A'thousand of bread, beers oxen, and fo Alabaster. clothing. incense, and unguent (2) Everything good and pure—you shall ay— [After the god has been satisfied with it For the King’ fiend Harws, and for his ha For Lam an excelent noble, Equipped sith his blewsings, (One whose virue the Two Lands know ‘A refuge (8) forthe wretched, A fat for the drowning. ‘A ladder For him who i inthe abyss? (One who speaks Tar the unhappy. ‘Who assis the unfortunate Who helps che oppressed by his good deed: ‘The one honored by the King, Hara, (Om the righ sid in taro horiona ines (1) The one honored by the King; che High Steward of the God's Adoress embalimerpriesval-Anubs ofthe God's Wie; true, Beloved King’s friend; master of the servants ofthe Gods Adoress of Amu, Hoarwa: he says © prophess, disine fathers, priests, The whole temple priesthood of Amun, Everyone who passes by this (3) image ‘That bo who is in Thebes shal ive for you “The august god who presides over his secluded place IF you wil 5 ‘A thousand of bread, heer, and ll good things. For the ha ofthe one honored bythe God's Hand, “The King’s friend, Har, justified, honored. For Iam noble for whom one should a ‘One sound of hear to (5) the end of ie am one beloved of his ety. Praised of hie district, Kind hearted to is towns,| have done what people love and gods praise (A) one truly revered who had no fal Who gave bread tothe hungry. clothes tothe naked, Removed pain. suppressed (7) wrongdoing Who buried the revered ones” sipported the old Removed the want of the have-not ‘Acthade forthe child, A helper forthe widow, (One who gave rank to an infant. I i these things knowing their weigh, And their reward from the Lord of Things: ‘To abide in men's mouth without (9) ever ending ‘To be well remembered in ater yea “The breath of your mouth profts the silent, Without coat ta your powestions Foodk-offering for his god is bread for its owner? ‘The spirit is Blessed by recaling his he The one honored by his lord, (11) Harw, jusifed Who was untiring in the temple. He who makes 2 monument i beloved" “The ha ofthe beneficent is recalled For his beneficence in his temple (hm he eft siden ee horcmtl lines (1) The prince, count, honored by hit lord, in favor with hit lady Sin oF speech, sweet of words, well disposed wo great and smal: who kiss advice to the timid im trouble," when his witness stand up t0 use. (3) The operrhanded who nourished al, who provided the inseemot with what he lacked; the chief chamberisin of the God's andthe King’s frend, Harwa, justified: he says 1 speak to you who will ome (5) afer Now beings in elon of year; My Lady made me great when I was 2 small boy ‘She advanced any postion when Iwasa child The King sent me'on missions (7) as 2 youth Horus, Lord ofthe Palace, datingushed me ser mision on which their majesties sent me, Useeomplished i correct Anu eer told he about Tabi not ta, () Fail 9 wrong, {aligned no ane before thers, Heater the Prescve t slve: ifiien*28 veanerroveri uTeRaTURE To asst the unfortunate T have given goods o the have-not, (11) Tendowed the orphan in my torn. ‘My reward i being remembered for my beneficence, ‘My has enduring because of my kindness—Harwa, (mth Back in four cams (1) An offering thatthe King gives (to) Mont, Lord of Thebes, that hhe may give pronsons of bread, beet cakes oxen, fowl, alabaster and clothing, incense and unguent, ll things good and pure whereon 3 {od lives which heaven gives, earth produces, and Hapy brings forth, From (3) the table of the Lord of Eternity, on the monthly fea, the half-monthly feast on the Thoth feast, and om every feast every da. to the ha of the one honored by Mont. Lord of Thebes. the true. beloved King’s frend, Harwa, Ll shes devgaiony of the High Pees of Amun were ts He who fate feet ofthe King 5, The tree urking metaphors appear to be of new o recent coin aggro Hae ia see ape sg Shh other Yormulaton: bythe Tigh Stward Attsmenra who sue ede Harwa ce my atc in JNES, (1048), 18-179) Noe the {rach form of he wentencer It ued repeatedly m Hara sep tons. The third member ots tua sau longer thn the proce. ing wo and thus nae weight Tne psc obapls aed again inline 1.0 the ef side inscip- ‘ion, and sp alone ofcurs there n ine. Though ic has no ual, Ss Thelged Amon 8 Les Strongiminde. rm ~ 5 The doves Note the phrasing of nab um nf which Gunn rendered 3s “Letoead beer ta maser, aa foo offerings be for ther ge (BFA, 41954) 199) | wap hat sheep ormelation tat a prove ‘Ae Gann obrersed (id) the word kn hee taker om the meaning name(s ian doo th Poems toe TO" Reading ir mon mone) por I a dat thi tthe noma spelling of mar bu x toon more ely staton than Gases pro sd) TI" Literaly, “when his rouble has happened” On space, above Ue, ee caper a te eeipo Chto seep sn 3“TWO STATUE INSCRIPTIONS OF MOWTEMHIET Te demeston re ih ates per nhePo scm eta a trate ephiammnenaeeer memoir oar rt Song i is oss teen Ses ata tetra Sean Se pepe ee Sipe Uecan SeceiereTomes oa Da Shices eiceaiagradoypcaareteeesdes Sagan TR at enh ply hs sin, orig cmt fe sence ws Se Sa) ei cha an Pe etc IEA At dcr yee go soa Sai antec i ee ‘Socal ts ae a ‘Sopp nsec tare Se FRAG Mme clic gem rh ‘cise eatin ee a Spon eds ni a ue Terese Pics arog ene se or hia ei ofniee Sincrar acme ree Sa Sea gd iets shen te eect te aoe See ee arto Siting deen faa arate cana tetera tc igi icra Ae es et Sree deheisireema rent nee dig eittome eet ah Co glee ke ons oop helo Sisipian Vienne erie0 vere eoveTi uTeRaTURE From the Temple of Karnak Ciro Museum 42297 ing and hoi sul n front of hom. tn ths lepborour pow, which ‘Series from the New Kingdom, the sia held in roof te Body Usually iseribed witha hye, Though hese of the aalpeare co “ential the workmaoshp fine The fae tat oft youngiatman the'laneue of the round topped atl rhe winged tom dk wh the Iegendtor of Behe th rear gn rd of heaven" Below nthe con apa Si, 184-80 and pl xn Lecant. Montour gutime prope imo p dea hl, nit Franeau darchecog orien’ Bhtque dude, 3 Caio. 8. pp. 32-88 and pls tex travlaon, ots, ography and gener ramets. “Tranlton: Oto, ces, pp 158159 Comment Kee, Pretrtos pp. 272277. Idem, ZAS, 87 (1962), 60-6 Richen: Third trae pp 390 and 905-358 For adéional ibtography see Levan, Monurmha p32 (1) The fourth prophet of Amun, the count, governor of Upper Egypt, Montembet, health he say Hail to you, Amun, Maker of mankind, God who created ail beings! (8) Beneficent king. First one of the Two Lands, Who planned the eternity he made Great in power. Mighty in awe, ‘Whose forms are exalted above other god Mighty of strength, Who smits (5) the rebels, Whore horn attacks the evildoers TThow down to your name? May it be my physician, May it remove my body's illness, May it drive pain 7) away from me, ‘May your horn be aflame, the arm moving? May he put love of me in people's heart, That everyone be fond of me May he gran me a good burial(9) Inthe graveyard of my iy, "The sacred land isn hit grap. May he make my name ls ike heaven’ tars, My statue endure a one of his Followers May my ha be remembered in (11) his temple night and day May T'renew my youth like the moos. May my name not be forgosten in after years ever, (13) The name of? Amun’ fourth prophet count of the cy, Monvemet, in heath Ay AOMORI wing oF mk se Lean, Monten, p34 "Or." lyon your name: 3. Emending mio mn [STATUE INSCRIPTION OF MONTEMHET Berlin Museum 17271 A finely worked statue of gray granite, 150 m high. Montembet i seated ona chat with arn oled Sd enveloped ang mane The ‘Sceiryouthful_The non block representing the cased ona four ides. Im adtion sclumn of text ran down the conte the ‘mance, and the back plinth incre nto clu The ye of he Tubicaton” W: Wrens, O25, 19 GONG) co 10-18 and pl SEIS Tene ntl py fa lain (Om the man nome clu (1) May all that comes from the altar of Amen-Re, Lard of Thrones tthe-Two-Lands, ad of his Ennead, be for the ka of the prince, ‘oun, fourth prophet of Amun, count ofthe ety, governor of Upper Faype, Montemhet (Om the righ ge rot ofthe eat ad Continuing on the right Sid and on he back "hale cabins (1) The prince, count, fourth prophet of Amun, count ofthe city, Montemhet, he says © all prophets and divine fathers, Who enter to alice shi pce! Greae Am (8) yl Evo yo2 svete event vena tone He will make you continue in your children, I you pronounce my name every day. Daring the offering-rites forthe city: god, “That are performed inthis place, For I am noble (8) for whom one should ae, ‘Nteuly august one, beloved of his lord have renewed the temple of Mutthe-Great,Ashru's mistress, So thats more beautiful than before adorned her bark with lecrum, (7) Allis images with genuine wanes? 1 renewed the bark of Khonethe-Chid, And the bark of Bartetresidingsin-Thebes, So as to saisty her majesty with what she wishes. renewed the barks of the three Khons, (9) The bark of Khons-eckoner-F lifetime. ‘The bark of Amun, Lord of Thronerofthe-Two-Lands, of 1 rebuilt the divine boat of Oriris in Abydor, When I found ic gone to ruin (11) My heart did not weary. My arms did not slacken Until T had renewed what | found decayed. Do what Amun, lord of heaven, loves, Speak the name ofthe count director ofthe temple, Montembet inthe house of his god! (On the lft eof the fon and onthe lft ide feo ote (1) The prince, count, fourth prophet of Amun, governor of all of Upper Egypt. Montembet, he sty 1 have acted for you in performing the ries, Let me make you cognizant (8) of my good deeds vas count of the Theban nome, And all of Upper Egypt was in my charg, ‘The southern boundary being at Vebu “The northern one at Un." Thestowed (3) my beneBits on Upper Egypt, My love on Lower Egypt The citizens longed to see me, Like Re when he shows hima So great was my beneicence, So exalted war my excellence!(On the back plinth in too columns (1) 0 citygod ofthe prince, count, fourth prophet of Amun, count of the ety, governor of Upper Egypt, Montemhet Place yourself behind him, While his ais before him He is 3 Heiopottan? bi tang 1 et md nn ‘Sete YSASES eae eaten n soca geo a SNe oe ie ps ns ae se sage amen ei pia et et rh a na Seg ey 1 ees SE sae Tren tice te ny hee Soiree ttn erect hang owe et reared eid tint TE gg el Soe eT ae Ts i Ecommerce set 2m wea ervey ee ees ee te STATUE INSCRIPTION OF PEFTUANEITH From Abydos A standing naophorous statue of gray granite, 169m high, Peta sch dressed in long. uly Bed armen, holds before fim 3am ‘Shrine (nao with’ igire of Oxi The sex fourteen courant Tim the bak plinth an continues onthe ede ofthe aba upper the advanced le leg. Peftunpeth felts that he erie ow extensre ‘gratin nthe iy chy af Abydon sd tr He aa telco ivi gen s donation of land and ther revemve vote temple of icmate, King Atsua’ On anche wate (Britah Museum 60383) etunnesi pests of having reorganised the admiration of the ‘empl Hellopas in hieapocty of ofa of King Apres. Tho he Anti have trv her tigen sccewon, Ad acca fre the reson el reganiaing pacer ofthe Sate Kinges svete cover uneeATURE Publication: Piet, Rei I, 89-41. Brugch, Thaw, Vi 1952~ 1204 (abraded) Ke en 24S. 821804). 118~ 12, an sem AS. 34 (1800), 1°88. EJeinhove Reymond ASAE, 54 (98157, iret Translation: BAR, IV, $5 1015-1025. Ou, fu 14 16 in. “Comments: G. Lefebwre, RAE, 1 (1938), 94-100. HL Kees. INGWG, phil-Ns. Kise ns. (i985) 108108" AH, Gardine FEA, 34 (188, 168, For addon references se Jeikova-Reynond cit, p15 (1) The prince, count, sole companion, administrator ofthe palace, chet physician, overseer of the two trearuries, grandce ofthe Pall {great revered one in the palace, the high seward! Peftuaneth’ engendered by the controller of temples, adminstrator of Dep, prophet of Horus of Pe” Ssobk, sys: every priest who shall perform the rites, Khentament wll reward you For reciting the offering to me.* ‘While kissing the round to Rhentament For you sce me blessed before your god, Valued by the majesty of my lord, Above all his nobles, Tam a friend for whom one should act! An excellent crafteman who embellished his house reported the condition of Abydos, To the palace, to his majesty ea. His majesty ordered me todo workin Abydos, In order to rebuild Abydos: Tlabored greatly in restoring Abydos, I pat everything belonging to Abydos i it place. Lay awake seeking what was good for Abydor, (3) I bogged favors From my lord daly, In order to restore Abydos, 1 built the temple of Khentament [Asa solid work of eternity, At his majestys command, ‘That he might sce prosperity in the affairs of Tawer* surrounded it with wall of brick, The shrine r-hh was of one block of granite ‘The august chapel of elecrum, Ornament, divine amlets, all sacred objets ‘Were of goid, silver, and al precious ones1 built the ape-sanctuary* setup? ie braze Dug its pond planted with trees {provisioned the temple of Khentamend Enlarged is income, Entablished with daly supplies, lus storehouse furnished with male and female staves, [gave its donation of a thousand aruras, Inthe countryside of Tawer, Provided with people and herds ofall kinds, Tee name being made “Osiris town,”™ (6) Soasto makea divine endowment fit Fr al ine [renewed is divine endowment of bread, beer, oxen, and fw, Exceeding what it had Been before [made for tan orch Planted with ll fruit trees, Its gardeners being foreigners, Brought in a5 prisoners. “Thirty pins of wine were given From i daily “To the altar of Khentament, [As an offering from ic forall ime. 1 renewed the House of Life afer its rin, {established the sustenance (7) of Osis, { put alls procedures in order. | built the god's boat of pine wood, Having Found (i) made of acacia wood, [suppressed crime in Tawer {guarded Tawer fori lord {protected alts people I gave income from Tawer's desert to the temple Having found it in the hands of the count So that Abydenes (2) would have burials "gave the ferryboat® of Tawer to the temple, Having taken it away from the count, is majesty praised me for what I had done May he give ife to his son, Amare Som of Neth, May he give me favors from the King, And reveredness before (11) the Great God! (0 priest, praite god for me! Yoru who come fom the temple Bese, sy: May the high steward Pefianithy or of Naneshaste. he in the gts Bark, May be reece eternal Ine atthe fa the Bese1. Pefvancth’s principal ofces were those of chit physician chet Uweagufers and high Meward, he lecnamed beng the on portant 5. His ater had held only pris penton nthe ergy of Horus ‘of Buxo: the own beng eae by hu ane names "Pe and Dep.” wt Throughout the text the suff ofthe fae peron angus nok Tn the phrase ik sm nr the wiking and or he ininive in. In this deripion the sping so sees Tore ine 8) 398 by (panive pare) i ne Palos” prota veers co the vemple of Osiris. 4 Wo 13062 rae the question wheter pgs ental wi ps «heared pat ia Abydos wre he tomb of One wa acted, Kerio Ou place noes formed with ie © fee, te | Yoyoue, Ra, 14 (1062 88 To. ti icone of the references tothe inatason called the “House of ile which was frat sted sly by Cardiner in JEA. 24 (1988), TBF= 1 Cain hte ded acon ay ha of totdened by Voten Famnietng, p74, and by P. Decne Papa 25 Crane pp 1 The pina sob ‘medicine, magic sheoly, rial and dream imerpretation, Te "hs tanser af come Fos “eau” tothe temple of Osiris ves dcused by H Kees (ce ibbography), He aw na redarbution Strenetcss part he Sate dpranys reorganization of fanabolsnge ieisan imeeatng sei that ne addneonal income vast be used Alefay the burial ot ofthe inhabant of Abo 1. This may mean the frroat x pean, “for the beret of Rerkcosis" Jelora Reymond fendered, SQu'Osirs aime (selon que Sa Majette STATUE INSCRIPTION OF UDJAHORRESNE ‘Vatican Museum 158 (113) A sanding maophoroursatue of green baat The head shoulders, and arms have ben resored in nadern mes, Without the ferns the ste is 0.30 m high. The nar comains 2 gure of Oxi The Inaction i datibted over the wanes bay, the tthe bac ph inte “This isthe mou important biographial inscription from the ime of tng Persian domination of ype Ujareeme ha served hal Dicer under Kings Amasis and Pamth I. He mtneed the ers Invasion under Camyser andthe detution ofthe sae see The Chet phyeian, Fhvough he gon seding sth Comps, Uaereane wat abet tain the recmsecration ofthe temple of Nek at sis, Sd to help the people of Sas ecover Irom the ffs ofthe Persian ‘Orting 10 men tele that ing Darn I sen him back Sehttes oft Rows of ite The tent, ‘eign of Darus TRbteaton: Brupch, Thasur, 1V, 636-642 (ext) and 682-608, yansaton. G.Foseer, La pir donation prem Ep, Tosi francais @archésloge ovens, Car, Bbbckaque ede, 1 (Caio, 1850), pp. 126 oo ‘rela. and comments A Tun i lene borin "Frarasion’ O, tcf, pp. 19 pp 73-80. (On the font and rf ofthe naar ie ae (1) Anoffering that the King gives) Osiris Hemage Athowsand of lvead, ber, oxen, and fowl, everyting good and pure, fr the he of \hecone honored bythe godsof Sas the chef physician, Udjahorresne ‘An offering that the King gives (to) Osis who presides over the Jace A thousand of bread, beer. oxen, and fowl clothing, nyt snd unguent ad every good thing forthe ka ofthe one honored by sl he gods, the chief physician, Udjahorresne (3) 0 Osiris, lord of eternity! The chief physician, Udjahorresne has laced his arms about you 28 protection” May your fa command that Il lessings be done for him, according as he protects your chapel rom the early ear he 3. Roeder, Cite, Under the right arm in mine tins ee eet ee I the god of Sal, the prince, count, royal seabbearer, tle comm jeiion, true beloved Kings friend, the scribe, inspector of councl Nrihes: hie seibe of the great outer hall administrator of the palace, [ieummander of the royal navy under the King of Upper and Lower I aypt, Klenemire® commander of the royal navy under the King of Uipperand Lower Egypt, Anars* Udjahorresne: engendered by the ubhinstator of the castes (of the red crown), chief of Pe priest, ‘priest, priest ofthe Horus Eye, prophet of Neth who presides tn the nome of Sais, Peftuaneith: (11) hess: The Great Chief of all foreign lands. Combes came to Egypt, and wforcign peoples of every foreign land were with him. When he had tunnjered this land in its entirety, chey established themselies in it ‘nde was Great Ruler of Egypt and Great Chief ofall oreiga lands His majeny asgned to me the office of chief phypician. (18) He uur me live at hiss vont and administrator ofthe palace,38 svenereaveri sneearene 1 composed his nulary, wo withis name of King of Upper and Lower Bgypt, Mesure Tet his majesty Know the greatness of Sais that itis the seat of [Neith:the-Great, the mother who bore Re and inaugurated birth when birth had nor yet been and the nature of the greatness of the temple ‘of Neith, that iis heaven in its every axpects and the nature of the Breatness of the castles of Neith, (15) and of al the gods and goddesses ‘eho are there and the nature of the greatnes ofthe Palace," that the sea of the Sovereign, the Lord of Heaven” andthe nature ofthe ireatness ofthe Resenet and Mehenet sanctuaries and of the House ff Re and the House of Atum, the mystery fall the gods. der he eft arm in eight tines (16) The one honored by his city-god and all the gods, the prince, ‘count, royal seal-bearer, sole companion, true beloved Kings fiend, the chet physician, Udjahorresne, born of Atemieds, he sas: made’ petition (18) tothe majety of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Camber, about all the foreigners who dwelled in the temple of Neth inorder to have them expelled rom #30 ate the temple of Neith be in al ts splendor. asic had been before. His majesty commanded 1 expel all the Foreigners (20) [who] dvelled in the temple of Neith, to demolish al their houses and al their undean things that were inthis temple, When they had carrie [ll their) personal [belongings] outside the vall of the temple, his majesty commanded to cleanue the temple of NNeith and to retuen all is personnel to it (22) the ~~ and the hourepriests of the temple. His majesty commanded to give ds offerings to Neith-the-Grext, the mother of god, and to the great gods ‘of Sais a tha been before. His majesty commanded [to perform] al their festivals and all their processions. as had been done before. His majesty did this Because I had let bis eajety know the greatness of Sais, that ii the ety ofall the gods, who dwelt there on their seats forever. (nm the Uf side of the nas basin four lve (24) The one honored by the gods of Sais, the chief physician Udjahorresne. he says “The King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Cambyes, came to Sais. His majesty went in person to the temple of Neh. He mde 4 great prostration before her majesty, as every king has done. He made 2 [great offering (26) of every gond thing to Neith-the Great, the mother ‘of god, and wo the great gods who arein Sais, as every beneficent king hhas done. His majenty di his because {had let his majesty hnow the greatness of her majesty Neith, that she i the mother of Re himsel(On the righ side of the nao basin te lnes (28) The one honored by Ositis-Hemag, the chief physician, Udja- hhorresne, he says: His majesty did every benefcence in the temple of Neith. He established the presentation of libations to the Lord of "iernityin the temple of Neith, as every king had done before. (30) Ii majesty did this because I had let hi majesty Know ow every hheneRicence had been done inthis temple by every king, because ofthe sreatness ofthis temple, which is the seat of all he gods everiasting (On the eft wal of he nao and om the ates garment ins tines (31) The one honored by the gods of the Sate nome. the chief physician, Udhahorreane, he rape: have exblithed the divine WNering of Neihthe-Great, the mother of god, according to his ‘majesty command (oral eternity. 1 made a (pious) foundation for Neith, mistress of Sais, of every good thing, as does servant (38) who ‘sane to his lord. {Tam a man who is god in his town. I rescued it inhabitants fom ‘he very grea turmeil when it happened inthe whole land, the like ‘which fad not happened in this land, {defended the weak (33) iyains the strong, rescued the timid man when misfortune came to WT did for them every benefcence when it was tne to act For (nthe righ wl ofthe nae and onthe satus garment ‘eo aes (7) The one honored by his cty.god, the chief physician, Uda: ese, he says: Lam one honored by his Father, praised by his sneer the stimate of his brothers. etalished them in the office of [bophet. [gave them a productive field by his majesty’ command for {is} all eternity. T made a fine tomb for him who lacked one. Supported all their children, I established all heir households. aid Tin them every beneficence a8 a father does for hi son. when the it happened in (41) this tome, in the midst of the very reat turmoil that happened inthe whole land (On the bach plinth in thre cols 113) The prince, count, royal seal-bearer, sole companion, prophet ol tae by whom one lives" the chit physician, Udjahorresne. born 1 Atemirdlis. he says: The majesty ofthe King of Upper and Lower Fay Davin, ever living, commanded me to return to Egypt—when im sty wa in Eland wa Great Chie of al foreign lands and (Great Ruler of Egypt—in wale uy restore the establishment of the Henae al bike —= after had decayed, The foreguerscaried mefrom country to country. They delivered me wo Egypt a commanded by the Lord of the Two Land. iid ae hi majesty ad commanded me. furnished them’ witha their staffs consiing of the wellborn, no lowborn among them. 1 placed them in the charge of every learned man (4) [Tm order 10 teach them all her crafts. His majesty had commanded 1 give them every good thing in order that they might carry ut al their crafts Supplied them with everything useful to them, with all heir equip- ‘ent that wat on record, 38 they had been before His majesty did this Because he knew the worth of this guid in ‘making Ine allzhat are sick, ia making endure forever the nares of ll the gods, their temples, their offerings, and the conduct of their festivals, (mth righ side ofthe statue Base in oe ine (46) The chief physician, Udjahorresne, hesays: Iwas one who was honored by all his matters, my being They gave me orma ments of gold and did for me every henefcence (Om theft side ofthe tat base totes (4) One honored by Neth is he who shall sy: "O great gos who are in Sais! Remember all the benefactions done by the chet phys- Gan, Udjahorvesne. Aad may you do for him all benefactions! May you make his god name endure in this and forever™ 1A parila form of Os wethiped 9 Suis nd eevee 2 SR ae Sart SPS tani Coa wa orgs pcos ison whe emp ot Nat Sea wank” IK (09) 180 od Va sae tia asi) 5 Th cea he ae the napharont ne, wn mo senna ie nh ans pr Or 3 Thien Eine king Anas 3 They Taare very gunded sau of the Pesan "The fra person suffix is missing several ines inthis nxciption 10. The feeb seen. 2 above TE, Oni fe tana f Sai se now F Kapony in atin resin op 18 UE athe atlson she Fein congue: thi referents18. p= misortne ube" in Hara inerpon: ep, 16, te, the gos Thisseems toe te matey inerprettion oie pire 9 me "FY 0 thor co afer “Howe oF ie ricer props the reeraton oF So hie ene i ae BPE MeoSS TA Penting tearing hele ree Se Stpotmct the Hou of te Seng thd at inch aon sneer cuts passed meni SFLU Rhn Gtr neo eo ck onic Tsien tome more ely tha the lcune contained a phrase Rate Eat nthe edo nh pring actgintl forthe sal poss ere Ail hn ened cat” ine inthe word “een ocho Wis SANSA fe a wooed Ce ‘Simay hugh sua mpi deep high arc, The TiTincaded medicine, incolofy. temple Sdniomtaion and Fal Set gp sn. STELA OF SOMTUTEFNAKHT Discovered in 1708 during the excavation of the temple of tse a rmpethe el enheNes ner Oia mat ae stan in he cemple of Harsaphes at Heraceopos Magna (He) The ‘tom Abowe the tent sa foc ere cooaing of fourteen standitg igures and four heroghyph. The fserettrebas whch fea {istulaton: “Honored ty Haraphes, King af the Te Lands rie of i rverbanks, lord of ner" "The pert “honored” ef courte, ‘Since mo hing s mentoned by name. dhe Nori events to which “Stmensus now i that Somtateakin been his carer under Necanek W'S30"54i) pamed ino the service af the Bernama nho had recon ‘tose Egypt 3s ad, fom te Pevian seewaneucd the bale. by 3 ream in which Horses. the god of his hometown, appeared 10 In he returned Egyptand resumed hie prealy ae. ‘Breams in sich's gene cette tothe dreamer be recorded in Egy {Ris Mitte Ne Kg py a inporan vlefoee Publication: 0. yp 1-6, Tren, BIFAO, $0 (1981) un "191 aa hee pas ben tralian, ae commen)For addiona references see Treson opi, pp. $7 ‘On dream and dream interpretation se Batne, RANG, pp. B35 aon 'S Suuneron i 2 Pais, 1960, 19-61, mira ew ipo, Sorces eae, (1) The prince, count, royal treasurer, sole companion; priest of Horus, lord of Hebnu; pres ofthe gods of the Oryx nome,” priest oF Sommtus of Yates divine mouth, supervisor ofthe verbal bief priest of Sakhmetin the whole and, Sormtutefnakt son of the master Df grain, (3) the priest of AmenRe, lord of Pershat, Djedsomte ‘fan, born of the lady Ankbet: he say © Lord of Gods, Harsaphes? King ofthe Two Lands, Ruler ofthe shores, Whose rising illumines the earth Whore right eye ithe suns Whore left eye ithe moon Whose dais (5) the sunlight, From whose nosis comes the northwind, ‘To make live all hinge! {arn your servant, My hear ison your water* have filed my heart with you Taustained no town except your town, failed no to place is fame before all My heat sought justice in your temple (7) aight and day You rewarded me for it 3 milion times, You gave me acces tothe palace, The hear ofthe Good God! was pleated by my speech You distinguished me before millions, When you turned your back on Fgypt* You put love of me inthe hear of Asia's rule,” (9) His courtiers praised god for me. He gave me the office of chief priest of Sakhmet, In place of my mothers brother, ‘The chiet priest of Sakhmes of Upper and Lower Egypt Nekbithenb, ‘You protected mein the combat ofthe Greeks, When you repulsed those of Asia* (11) They slew a milion at my sides, ‘And no one rated his arm against me: “Thereafter Ian you in my se.Your majesty saying to me: “Hurry «@ Hes, | protect you" 1 crorted the countries (13) all alone [sailed the sea unfearing, Knowing? I had not neglected your word, [reached Hoes, my head aot robbed of hai ‘As ny beginning we good through you ‘So have you made my end complete, ‘You gave mea long lifetime in gladness." (15) O every priest who serves this august god, Harsaphes, King ofthe Two Lands, Re-Harakhs, Lord-o Al. Beneficent Ram in Fines, ‘Atum, foremost inthe Naret nome: High priest ofthe Ram, the primeval force, Servant ofthe Ram, the begeting bull, Seartewearer™ ofthe lord ofthe shores, His beloved son! ofthe King ofthe Two Lands." ‘You who enter heaven’ and behold those in it~ Harsaphes, King ofthe Two Lands, ‘Atm within his robing room, Kin, great god in the chapel And the King of Egype, Wennofer—" Your names wil lst on earth, With the Blessings of Harsaphes, King of the Two Lands, for saying May the gods and goddesses in Hnes bless you ‘The one blessed by his lord, Revered in his nome, Somtutefnakh.” Wl be useful to yourselves, ‘Asother will pronounce your names in afteryears 2 The god Somts, "Unter ofthe Two Lands for whom Som ‘etna wal named: hed sancuay rane Vache a erent Magna Hines, Depicted wh lon head he wat often ented eh 1 pepresenied 23 ram, Harmapes, “He who ic upon his ae "as ‘ine principal god of Heradeopaa Magna, the mevopas ofthe 201) st hp Egypt Aste wah hes rn fs. here Meraphoril expen for yay and “devin. fost ah ing Neato eas aking6 An allusion to de teconquest of Egypt by Artaxeres I 3 The Peron hing 8. Statomed om he Persian side, Somutenakht witnesed the ve 1 B1F40, 58 (1058) 105-105, Hd Meulenaee showed that the word it be read Ta. As"Tresanahveved, the phrate recalls the lial expension, “Not ae shal fall rom hs he Samo! xn A Sant 1 1 Kings 32" and tke wai) 130, rather than “May You give mea Tong Heine in gladness ed throug unscathed 12, Harapher it ere Sdeniied with Rear and Atum. The sacred nav re as worshiped st Heracleopai TSA pres ie 1a, Aamaphes isn given the designation “King of eye” 16. Thevempte 7, ibis teople Haraphes wat worhiped wgeber with Anum, einu and Our, FOUR INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE TOMB OF PETOSIRIS In the Necropolis of Hermopolis Diconered in 1918, thi sump tomb wa ound to have been ty Peon high prist of Thoth, for hime and forthe embes of family ihelmerpeons allow usto ace the harry ofthe my over Fre generations begining withthe grandfather af Petes Im each foetaon the er eld he fiero igh prs of Fah a Hes. though ro Kings are menconed, the bulding and decoration ofthe third cenurcs sf" The hore luo fo the iron ake Sirwally certain that the grandfather of Peenra Djeetetankh {Dyed Thanet antt) sna En father Sabo ors NeoSbo) fhe Under the Rigs of the Thith Dyas The elder brother of Peo, Djesthotefanth I, snd Peon imei! winesed the second Pers cangust of Egypt (1-352), During this tine Petosrs suceeded his ‘roche in theoice of high pre of Thx, and fora period af sven arse ato he the oe controler ofthe temple tm that eat, Fert he temples tat ha rtfered nthe wae He probably st cred the temple he year following Alexander the Gren» cons {Fegne etl and again osined ob od dco he sere hal (prongs) mh clonaded facade. and chapel ment aren shape Four pias suppor she chapels rot and die tne face ino hice sens. Near the center of the chaps feor tthe ‘ered pe that endothe suberanenn burals These were pune in'Romam umes. " “The relies ad inriptions inthe transverse al are deste ei{o Pets. Allscens and texts relating ois fay ain the chapel ‘The rls reveal a cerain amount of Geek nace expecially 3 ‘ave showing he fnoly gubered around the tno ae vane ‘The imsripions comain mater rom al prune There are chapeers {oom the Pyramid Tens and the Book of the Dead sn hysaa ad rely composed texts OF speci iteres are seis texts expressing {he regis pilnopiy of Me of Peon ad Toy ca he tormofipeeciesty feria andtyemers of iy they center fom the canept of the "ay of hes which i ako called the Seay of ‘Sr plop tat hve sured rom the Ute Peri opr rn emi Intaciong). Foe fe lve on the way of Go he of ‘etode piety, sucess an happiness ‘ubicadon Lefer, Laden de Ptr, 8 vl, (Car, 1928 1924) “Translation of several insrptions: Oo, Insclrfien, pp 174-184 Onthe way fife". Couroyen"Lechemin dems eh gypte een Israel" Aa. 56 (104), 129482. ‘THE LONG BIOGRAPHICAL INSCRIPTION OF PETOSIRIS Tnsription No, 81 ast Wall of Chapel 2 columns (1) His beloved younger som! owner of all his property, the Great sweof the Five the master ofthe (hay) eas the high prist who ses "he god in hi shrine, who carries his lord and follows his lord, who res ito the haly of holies, who performs his functions together with the great prophets; the prophet of the Ogdoad* chief of the iets of 5) Sauhmet, leader ofthe press of the tied and fourth [lives the royal scribe who reckons all the propery inthe temple of Knuun: the second prophet of Khnwm-Re, lord of Herver, and of Hathor, lady of Nefrust* the phylarch of the second phyle of the temple of Herwer and that of Nefrus, the prophet of Amen-Re and tthe gods of those place, Petoiris the revered, called (Antel(en) uns! bora ofthe lady Neferrenpet, used; he says (10) O every prophet, every pres, every scholar, ‘Who enter this necropolis nd sce this tomb, Praise god for him who acts for me). Prise god for them who at (for me!* Fr Twas one honored by his father. Prise by his mover Gracias to hi brothers hail tis om in this necrpoti, Hside the great se wh are there, Invorder tat my father's nae be pronounced,6 ‘And that of my elder brother. ‘Arman is revved when his name is pronounced! “The west the abode of him who is falls, Praise god forthe man who has reached i! No man will atain i, Unless his heart is exact in doing right. “The poor is not distinguished there fom the rich, COnly‘he who is found free of 20) fault By sale and weight before eternity’ lord “There is none exempt from being reckoned ‘Thoth as Baboon in charge of the balance Wil reckon each man for hit deeds on earth 1 was om the water of Khmun's lord since my birth, [Lad all his plans in my heart (le) chose me to administer (25) his temple, Knowing I respected htm in my hea [spent seven years 35 controller for this god, ‘Administering his endowment without Eau being found, While the Rulerofforeign-lands was Protector in Egypt And nothing was in ts former place, Since fighting had started (30) inside Egypt, ‘The South being in turmoil, the North in revel “The people walked with ‘head turned back, Alltemples were without their servant “The priests fled, not knowing what wae happening” ‘When {became controler for Thoth, lord of Khmun, 1 put the temple of Thoth in (35) former condition | Eaused every rite to be as before, Every priest (0 serve) in his proper time made great his priest, ‘Advanced his temple's hour priests: {promoted all hi servans, T gave a rule to his attendants, ‘didnot reduce the offerings in his temple, | illd (40) his granaries with barley and emmer His treasury with every good thing Tincreaed what there had been before, ‘And every ctzen praised god for me I gave site, gold, and al precious stones, So that | gladdened the hearts ofthe priest ‘And ofall thore who work in the gold house ‘Anal eny heat seoiced (45) it1 made splendid what was found ruined anywhere, {restored what had decayed long a0, [And was no longer ints place I stretched the cord, released the line, To found the temple of Re in the park I built tof fine white limestone, [And finished with all kinds of work: (60) ts doors are of pinewond, Inlaid with Asian copper made Re reside in The nursing inthe isle of Fire? 1 built the house of the goddesses Inside the house of Khnum, Having found their house was old ‘They dwell in the temple of Thoth, lord of Khenun, (55) "Festive chapel of the goddesses people cll it Iie face i turned east" {built the house of Nehmetaway, ‘the one who-made-whatis’, ‘And the house of Hathor, lady of the southern syeamore, The like of Nehmetawray, the mother of god. {built them of fine white limestone, Finished with ll kinds of work, (60) T made these goddesses dwell here | made an enclosure around the park, ‘est it be trampled by the rabble, For itis the birthplace of every od. ‘Who came into being in the beginning. "his spot, wretches had damaged i Intruders had traversed is ‘he fruit (65) of trees had been eaten, lee shrubs taken to intruders homes: ‘The whole lind was in uproar about i, An Egypt was distressed by i or the all ofthe egg” i Buried in it VT iade a solid work ofthe wall of Khmuss temple, {glade the heart of (ny) lady (70) Nehmetway ‘Whew she sees this work every day Now when 1 was bere this poddess, eet ny of Herve At her best faut ofthe years ist month, {ving controler hot, Se we oo te ti‘To “House of Hebets i i calle by all” ‘Which was ruined since time (75) immaemorial ‘The water had carried it of every year, Till its foundation plan was no longer seen, Wonly was called "House of Heke While no brick nor stone was there, ‘Then the goddess halted there." T summoned the temple scribe ofthis goddes [gave him silver without counting, ‘Tormake a monument therefrom that day. [uit great (80) rampart around it So thatthe water could not cary it off Twas diligent in consulting the scholars, So as to organize the rites. By which this goddess served, [And content her bil she knew it war done. My lord Thoth distinguished (me above al (my) pees AAs reward for my enriching bit ‘With all good things, with siver and gol, Wits (83) harvests and produce i granaties, With eds, with ate, With orchards of grapes, With orchards of al fruit tees, With ships on che water With all good things ofthe storehowte (was favored by the euler of Egypt. 1 wae loved by hit courtier May this too be given me at reward Length of lifetime in gladness of ears, [A good burial after old age, My corpse interred in this tom Beside my father and elder brother, being blessed by (00) the lord of Khmun, And also al the gods of Un, My house maintained by my children ‘With son succeeding son! May he who comes hereafer sy: "A servant of his god till veneration day?™"*1. The text is inscribed in that eton ofthe chapel which Ptsirs ‘imaelt a is fathers younger son, = : 2 Tate the hgh pw of Tho x Hermon 4 Thecgh primeval gor whose caf ad ofgnsted 3 Hermopali 3, Ravel ald Relad wort tapoant wt ine Hare some se 1th nome af Upper Earp, of mich Hexmopatetkhmui, Un ad become she metopol se NEO, Il, 79°87), Pt held pil fons nail oe town. "5 theting” in the seme of worthiping and recking the prayer for ate "Fhe description of erro probably refers to the Bal yeas of erin domination and the begining of Macedonian rl, when ordet ev estred The Greek clement the decoration make certain hat {he fomb was but afer Aluanders conges of Egypt and vo unt ‘ering a acount of dsrder under foreign rule would hardly havebeen “ine Macon ies nere mao eet Maen 15" As 9 tule only Pharaoh could perform the templefounding ceremonies which Yetoxr here cried out Rimsl. STA repo ofthe enter hy where the sur god was oem. On te Stand and ce le” ae Hi Kee 248, 78 [hH3), 41253, and Alter, 24S, 92 (1955166), 86-5 ToT or dear wo the deer neve for ho Petr a 8 sce be ental wid he ces iho and Nhe whose "erp he alo bla ai the nex ines TE "Ts isthe ee from whith the suregod was born in the binning ‘teeatin. Te pra test in Iripton No 2 bar the wo faves ot 1 Hine goden Heke of neighinig Heres wa erent at ‘iy of Hermopols and wth the eight primeval gos of that oy 14 Let cried through the tn i procession. the goes hated ot sine spot where’ temple af er fal been oes er wih tha be Toh prating of Hines RB#4 dos ot make clear whether he ints enuteated i ince B4=BT weve gen by Peo fo the terple, 1 Thoth o by the god to Peon ema for his many Benelactons Fe ceil reerednen i. il death "The word verve both inter for od age and a caphemim for dexso eter severe urenerone “TWO SPEECHES OF SISHU FATHER OF PETOSIRIS 1. aserption No. 16 Wes Side of Pile A in Chapel, 6 columns (1) An offering thatthe King gives to Osrs-Khentamenti the great god, lord of Abydos, hat he may give (an offering of a thousand of bread and beer, oxen and fowl, alabaster and thing ointment an] incense, 2 thousand of everything good and pure to the bz of the ‘owner ofthis tomb, the Great one ofthe Five, the master of the (holy) Seats, the second prophet of KhnuaRe, lord of Herwer, and of Hathor. lady of Nefrus. the phlarch of the second phy of the temple of Herwer and that of Nefeus, ish, justified: he say: (© you who are alive on earth ‘And you who shall be born, ‘Who shall come to this desert Who shall ee this tomb and pass by it Come, let me lead () you tothe way of life, "That you may sil with good wind, without geting stranded, That you may reach the abode of generations, Without coming to grief Tam a worthy deceased without fault, I you hear cy) wor I you cleave to them, ‘You mill find thei worth Serving god i the good way, Blessed ihe whore heart leds him to it peak to you of what happened to me, [et you perceive the plan of god, [et you discern knowledge of hit might! {have come here tothe city of eternity, Having done the good upon earth, Having filled my heart () with god's way From my youth until this day! lay down with his might in my hear ose up doing his las wish 1 did justice, abhorred falsehood, owing he lives by it (justice), is contented by it was pure as his ho desires 1 joined ot with him who ignores god's might, Relying on him who was loyal to hie TTeeied no goods from any man, 1 did no wrong to anyone,Allcitizens praised god for me 1 did this remembering I would reach god after death, Knowing the day of the lord of justice When they separate in jcigment!” One praises god for him who loves god, Hee wil each his tomb without grief. Inscription No. 127 ont Side of Pil (1) [The one honored by Osiris. Jord of Mendes. Osts the bis ‘Osies the Baboon the Great one of the Fite the master of the (hay) vents, [the second prophet of] Khntim-Re, lord of Herwer, and of Mathor, lady of Nef: the phylarch of the second phyle of the temple of Herwer and that of Nefrsi, Sshu, justified: con of the (Greatone ofthe Five the master of the (holy) seats, Djedthothefankh, 12) Gjsted: he sys) [0 you who are alive on earth, ‘And you who shall come ater (Ocevery man who reads writing, ‘Come, read these writings that are in this oma 1 shall lead you tothe way of life, 1 Shall teach you your conduct, [That you may reach) (8) the abode of generations! IW you deave to my words, You wil find their worth, {And will prise god for me on their account. Drink til drunk while enjoying the feat day! Fellow your heart in the moment on earth! 11 profits (2) ('a man to make use of his goods), AAs man departs his goods depart” {Me who inherits chet does hs wishin turn ‘There is no sunlight forthe rch, [Nu messenger of death takes Bribes, So-as to forget what [he] was sent (0 dol. . He goes quickly lke a dream, [Nivane knows the day he comes, Ie godt ail ta make the hears forge ur torn up plant is he who i taken young! is suonehnce sh in everyting, (0) == peatGod puts it in the heat of im whom he hates? ‘So as 10 give is goods to another whom he loves: Hie i the master of hi ichen! He bestows them on their owner. Blessed is he whe feats” his god. ‘Sos to put thete things in his heart. 1. there lacuna of five ts squares at the Beginning ofeach ext They placed them ‘ives on their belies before his majeny, saying” “Abide forever Sout end, Horr beloved of On!™ ‘ier the temple of Atum. Worhipng the image of hi father Atum-Rhepe, Grea one of On ihn came King Otorkon’™ osc dhe Beauty of hit mae ig hold court at Atri [At dawn ofthe next day his majesty proceeded tothe harbor atthe luca! of his ships He crosted over tothe harbor of Kemer." The ip of his majesty was set up on the south of Keheny, inthe east (G07) of Kemer "Then came those Kings and counts of Lower Egypt, ll the plume wearing chiefs al wziers, chiefs, king's friends from the west, the east, hint the isles in their midet, to see the beauty of his majesty. Prince Uatese threw himself on his belly before his majesty, saying: “Come ‘w Ais, that you may see Khenukhety." that Khuyer™ may protect ‘in that your may offer an ablation ¢o Horus in his house, of oxen r i fowl When you enter my house, ny teasury wil be “hen to you. Taal present jou with my fathers posession. shal ite you oll as muchas yon wish (IH) arquoise heaped before you,and many horses of thebestof the stable, the choicest ofthe stall” lis majesty proceeded to the house of Horus Khensykhety. An offering of oxen, shonorns and fowl was made to his father Horus Khentythety. lord of Athribis. His majesty went tothe house of Prince Pediese He (Pediee) presented him with iver, gold, aps aru and ‘turquoise a great quantity of everything, and clothing of royal inen| fof every number ™ couches laid with ine Linen, myrrh and nument in jars and stallions and mares, ll the best of his stable ‘He purified himself by 3 divine oath before these kings and great chiefs of (111) Lower Egypt: "Anyone who hides his horses and ‘conceals hi veal shall dic the death of his father have ssi this inorder tha you bear out your servant with al that you know of me, ‘Tell f I have concealed from bis majesty anything of my fathers house: gold Tbars', precious stones, vessels of all kinds, armlets, bracelets of gold, necklace, collars wrought with precious ones, amulets for every limb, headbands, earings, all royal adornment, ll ‘vessel forthe kings purification of gold and precious stones. All these have presented (113) 0 the King, and garments of royal nen by the ‘thousands ofthe very best of my house: I know you will be satisfied vith it Proceed tothe sable, choose what you wish, all he horses yo “desire!” The his majesty did eo Then sid these kings and counts to his majesty: “Let us go to our towns to open our treaties, that we may choose according wo what your heart may desire, nd bring 0 you the best of our stables, the Finest of our horses” Then hi majesty di so Lit of th northern rere Lis of thei names* King Ororion in Perbast and the district of Ranofer.” King fuput in Tentremu and Taan.* Count Djedamenefankh (115) in Per-Banebdjedet™ and Granary: of-Re His eldest son, the general in Per-Thoth-weprehwy.” Ankh-hor Count Akanoth in Tyeb-neter, Pershebyt, and Sema beet” Count and Chief ofthe Ma, Pagjenf in Per Sopd and Granary-f Memphis.” ‘Count and Chief of the Ma, Pema in Per-Usirnebdjedu.* (Count and Chief of the Ma, Nesnainu in Hesbu" Count and Chief of the Ma, Neththor-neshnw in Per-geren (Chief of the Ma, Pentweret, (Chief of the Ma, Pentbethent Prophet of Horus, lord of Khem.” (117) Pediborsomeus, Count Herbes in Per-Sakhmetnebetsat and in. PerSathnct cbt?Count Djedkhia in Kheninefer* Count Pebes in Kheraha and Per-Hapy. wit all their good tribute [of] gol, ver (precious tone, couches Ii with fine nen, myrrh in (119) jars. ~~~ ~~ of good value, nse [after] this one came to tll (123) hi majeny: ——- se wall “===. He hast ire to [his reas and othe ships) ‘wsthe river: He has garsioned Mesed (123) with soldiers Then his majesty sent soier of his o sce what was happening there, Icing the protector of Prince Pediewe They returned to report 5) to his majesy, saying: "We have skin every man we found there" Then hit majenty gave it the town) to Prince Pediese at gift ‘Tefwath announce his bison "he Chie of the Ma, Tefnakhe, heard it (127) and a messenger was Sent t0 where his majesty was with cajoling words, saying: "Be hravous! T cannot see your face in the days of shame: Ucannot stand. Itore your Rame: 1 dread. your grandeur! For you are Nubt, Ihwemost of the Southland," and. Mont. (129) the mighty ball htatever town you tar your fae to, you will not be able to Bnd your servant there, untl {have reached the islands of the sea! For I fear ‘our wrath on account of those ery words which are hostile wo me! Is your majesty’s heart (181) at cooled by the things you did to ve? While Tam under just reproach, you did not smite me in ineardance with (my) erime” Weigh in the balance, count by weight tn multiply it against me threefold! (But) leave the seed, that You ‘nay gather itn me. Do not cut down (188) the grove to its root! ave meney! Dread of you isin my body; fear of you iin my bores! site atthe beer Feast: the harp is noe brought for me: Teat the Incl ofthe hungry: I drink the water of (135) the thirsty, ince the ‘hn you heard my name! Mines isn my bones. my head Is bal. my ‘hates are rage till Neth i appeased toward me! Lang isthe course teat lt against me, and your face is against me yt! Tea year (137) ut as purged my ke and cleansed your servant of his Ful Let my ls he received int the treasury: gold and all precious tones. the Frat ot the horses, and payment of every kind. Send me (189) 2 tnessenger quickly to drive the fear from my heat! Let me goto the Tvinple in his presence, to cleanse myset by 2 divine oath is majesty emt the chief lector priest Pediamen-nestawy and the ‘onnander Puree. He (Tetnatht) presented (141) him with siver ‘ul gold, clothing ad all precious stones. He went to the temple: he mane! gon; he leans Minself ya aivin oath, sayings Twill not Nice the Kings coms ll trast aie (143) hit majesty fF ll eon 9 vont witonnt you Role, Fw~ verter ever TERT ‘only do what the King said. 1 sill not disobey what he has com: manded.” Then his majesty's heart was satisfied with Final surrenders, ry tur to Nubia ‘One came to say (145) his majesty: “Hut Sobk" has opened ite gate; Meten™ has thrown iuelf om its belly. No nome is hut agsnat Ins majesty, of the nomes of the south and the north The west the cast and the islands in the midst ae on thir belles i fear af him (147) and are sending thei goods to where his najenty ke the subjects of the palace” [At diven of the next day there came the tno rulers of Upper Egypt and the two rulers of Lower Egypt the uracus wearers." fo hiss the {round tothe might of (149) his majesty. Now the kings and counts of ‘Lower Egypt who came tose his majesty’ beauty. hei legs were the legs of women. They could not enter the palace because they were ‘uncirumetsed (151) and were eaters of Fish, which san abomination to the palace. But King Namart entered the palace because he was tlean and did not eat sh. The tree stood (153) there while the one tetered the palace “Then the ships were loaded with silver. gold, copper, and clothing: everything of Lower Egypt, every product of Syria, and all plants of {gods land" His majesty (155) sailed south, his hear joyful, and a those near him shouting. West and East took up the announcement, ‘shouting sound his majesty. This was thelr song of jubilation: "0 mighty ruler, © mighty rer, (157) Piye, mighty ruler! ‘You return having taken Lower Egypt You made bulls into women? Joyful isthe mother who bore you, “The man wha beget you! “The valley dwelers™ worship her, “The cow (159) shat bore the blll You are eternal Your might abides, O ruler loved of Thebes! 1. Le, born tbe ater. 2 Neier ot ientied wth cea. maybe the rion of Bue: see oye opt pp. 15 — 3h stb dif not Bilin the nome sign. Probably the Harpo rome, the Th nome of Lower Egypt im the nore corer of the Bela was ments sce Voyowe op tsp 15. A'name forthe double no of Sai ee Yoyo, ot. 18 6, Thess denvoyed;s terry adjacent 0 apy sta be neat 4, Aram forthe marshy regione aur lama) the meopais ofthe 8d nome af Lower Egy ‘STi town has mor been dene, 9, The od rendence ofthe Middle Kingdom, south of Memphis. t snared th southern Boundary of Tetnakts domaine athe begining OFT Mena Se Fay 11, "Howse of Ororkon 1 near ELLahun and Gurob; se Yoyo, MS Crip se capita of he pam 15, Ongrhynchon the metropolis of the 5th nome of Upper Eevee E towsin the 15th nome of Upper Egypt 15, Tevomthe wes bank ofthe Nils Thefows ae lite from arth TEA town inthe 18th nome of Upper Egypt 17 Town in the 18th nome of Upper Egy modern EL iba a. Anather town ithe ath ome 19.‘ men Ah) he mena he 224 rome of ahs WUT showing that etna a made cat veep. 10. Heradeopall Magna, te metropolis tne 2h nome of Upper pe SFP Li, 1te made himself ino 2 ainshe-mouthLe, he enced the toni ie 8 ced sake 2h cet aed wih tim wa encamped Hef ton of "38" Le, the Egypsian py rulers of Upper Egypt who wer loyal to "Si. Namare of Hermopols was one of four Egyptian rulers who tsi the le “king” a ite. Hix domain war the Hare nome he "25" Howere's Herne an important town i the Hare nome. 46, Another wn nthe Hare nome 2. The forwen of Nef 2h. Les Nama hat joined Tefaakht and repudiated hi allegiance wPye, m " a 20" yes charge to hit army was explained by Gardiner, JEA, 21 (003s, 20338, 1D ies they should not atac by sea a ina game where one pany “The am of Pes charge was tha his troops shoul gh a Few ‘niden hat Amn wat on Bi sie rake teen py, 5290 18-16 rahe 3 Gardiner rendered, "Boa no of being lords of mighe” Bu nb sont Sgt the of migh Amo sh tSeel so inte oot seen et Napa35. Busi the metropol ofthe th nome of Lower Egypt 86, Mendes. the mtropls ofthe 16th nome of Lower ERY 37. Hermopale Fava te metrepaie of the 15h some of Lower Egypt BE rhe 11h nome of Lower Egypt 89; King Onan 1 of Bua 40; Ranoter ha not een detnelyloclued; see Goma ot. pp. i323 "A blank 42, Rhvmun and Un together formed Hermapat Magna 15 terete Se ea ea ap, Pe oa preva Thabo ea pty ee ps Fife Aman aTeten 4. feo ap. 124 duced he vou ans of chi Hermopalis hiving become rotten to the nein that tacked the fee ECOWAS ne teat ed Son ere Sow fod ‘reading mp 8 ndm us, whith too wordy 10s the terseness and Stl oflicannve sole trent wom fds Ponders SE ibe decane lak ape ow aro Foal te be habtable, would be wid tm a preress: and fe probaly cst ma ech ae Eran 37, Along lacuna tines 85°50 ar alos entirely detoyed This eepuante ofthe surrender of Hermopoliy and King Namars appa. Taree 1S king 45: Pe male pin ih ise of Egy had een berg. He tolint pene tend hl cen mace eas afer ree aime with ga” _ 30 Namo 3hHOE Rw Nama dei on te were abet of hee, oni ne and re reed Toe eh prance gol whe ok cer sHsp Be oma hee vy creed eosin Stable herent some ie cats In Ace Egan La. Tiana grened a een aa ay ee 36, tnllcompered os Pye alc parttheboay Ament Fe ler of Herat ne ofthe owe cin shots ing then Se oho Seine tae Re Se tein Ethan ch Abd ie" 3 hak &F, Tecptbaby means Teoh woul revere oiechief the worn he had capered from them inorder to ain thee help forthe detente of Memph and the Deka 13 InjNES. 95 (1977206 M,C pointed out that xy inthe root tge"belde raat and mot we, oe 65. Memphis. {54 up I rue of Leontopotis(79-m, Tatrm). one of the Four tgs ‘8 This important Libyan chi ruled in Sebennyon (Tt. the metropolis ofthe 2th nome of Lower Egypt 268 conrad ia {eerory around inching the towns of copa (Perey 2nd Diosplstnterior embeded) see Yovote frt- pp 198161, and oa pp Gee ha ot one Ten aan, nd long wih Topol sed Pedse he now came to mabe his submission. 16 The ruler of Athi He oo appear to have remained neuen see Voyote opt, pp 162-163 ‘57h town! routin a Hetopots called “Babylon” bythe Grechs 2 AE AL 44 Gardin Sneed at eng 1, Tid, pp. Lals=142" Gardiner examined the question whether reread, he “Howse of the Ennesd was a pice dict Tom Kiterahaor merely another name fort adelante ate twin sours ofthe Net lephatin.Kheraha aimed possesion of "TOA god of thereon spell Sep in cali tes TI. Nine ofthe sta of etl BB Anotenmentoned sacred place in Hebopatis 78. The principal temple ol Hepat 18 Amboli : 18, Tet not lee wheter the word is rand ju what ing is perfor "FE Goorton 1 of Baba, helt ofthe four kings to surrender. 71 The TOkh nome of Lower Faypi he metropets of whi Was hei 2 The prin goof bis who was Hei ih Hors 10, Perhaps reference tothe numberof threads na fabric by which saeinenet ws determined i" Amming tha a, worth vale, weight” could be wad in he sense ofa pereo's material worth es wealth We The it arranged according to rank Y, Sot am goa0 an Fo i See m'6t. Taam hts not Been ientied fs Sern NNotlcaiaed with ceaingy: se Goma. op. isp 88 Hetmopot Para, sce m 37. the oo ers Coma, oi ass 1D. Pens residence, Prop (modern Sat e-em) wat the ansroelcal het pore f Laver Egy Habe town Cray i Mtephi" hse her aed Techie ad oc priate etna llone, Ow the ars of Per Sepd ee Camas pinot90, Pemai was the rler of Basi. His predecea,Sheshong had been a member of Tefal coon Onthne dats of Be ee Yoyo opt pp 185-178, and Gomsa op, pp 60S? Br Senn Nena had bee portant member of Tefakhts cealiion 2 This chief has not teen mentioned previously catern Beles as ox been aed wh ces ae spose 4, Khem = Letopol wat the metropolis of the 24 nome of Lower aype RE wo fortress in the 24 pom. 56. A'wnen inthe nome of Memphis; se Gardiner, AEO I, 120% 1204 and Coma op stp 8, [eTefnakne had ocupied the town of Meso (own) worth of [Athi the border of Pecese's rem crushed he surrendered bat wou appearing n ert, referring tothe horse 103. ‘The nome of Aphrodiopois the 22 nome of Upper Ep TH four kings Naar ena apa ang Onorhon 1V refer peti to woe area I could so be emploed for mond land gt the Vy icy anne ep. 8 Te. "The ise of Cpper Cer AVICTORY STELA OF KING PSAMTIK IL From Shela ‘outtobe she dupe of prev Known sc of Pram fund ample Ita round-topped sla of ted gran: 253m high, Inthe Ine ander henge eth arose ig, Bel {tis portant momsment fori sheds orther ght on Pam 1's Nabi campaign, 9 campaign sleady hnown rom ater sour, Pot fom Heredoes 1,61 Fom a fragmentary sla ound a Tans In 983.trom the Karna ela fragment mentoned above and fom the [raft which the in foregn mercenary rapsinarsied ont of he ‘ws of Ramses I Abs Se "The hori sun a been clckated by J. Yoyote and, sauneron in two aries (ct below) In-the eater ante Voyote ‘evemy-ith Dynasty on tev monument in Egypt mat have ben the Feewedhostybeween Egypt ad the Nubia bigNubian tule of Egypt had cllpeed under the onaught of she -styana, ine wil of that colle sltns betes Nabi and Egypt had een peaceful. In revuding strong unied wate, the Tfreneyash Sai) Dyaay had aft sewed we ate neighbors ‘he eae and ot Nubian the south, af she potential source of rouble but deraok to wipe out the memory of the Nuban Lings who had fpaerd te campaige dd wat ange the fa thar Nubia ha become trong independent gdm wih a capably of ovaing yp To ‘ory aia pay be sce athe somewhat delayed Egypuaa rsction 0 the peried of Nubian domination. ‘i addon to ie himova ere, the text has some noteworthy tnerary feature, ptaly the eserpion ofthe king precing our inthe resin of Hepharune wiht evocation of afistnt andsape fo wacr and tree The king noc hel ied he ary nto Noa, SATKSG remained in this eneful setting, nd oat bere tat Bo rece fe repo he cetacean the inn Babys Om Aes, 67, 228-264 ad plates fie dies ofthe historical background: J. oyoue, Ra 8 (1951), 215 290. TS SSdneron aed ayant, SIFAO, 30 1988) 1572207 a four plas. ee (1) Year 3, 24 month of summer, day 10 under the majesty of Havas: Anti King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Tio Ladies Mighty-oF arm: Gold-Horus who graces the Two Lands” Nefenbre: Sunt of Re, of hisbody: Pram ever living: beloved of Khnum, lord of the cataract region, of Satis, lady of Vebu, of Amukis, presiding over Nubia. Good god, effective of course: (3) valiant king succetfl in ‘lel; strong-ofarm who smites the Nine Bows Tis majesty was roaming the marshes at ake Neferbre icing its sated Land, traversing is two islands, viewing the syeamores of in ln on its mad bank, hie heart eager (5) to sce the goodness Fn heauty), ike the Great God traversing the primeval water= Thea sn cme t tel hs majesty: The tops your majesty sent co Nubia have reached the hil ‘onuity of Paubs? Ita land lacking a bated 3 pace lacking Ihasts (7) The Nubians of every hillcountry rose up against him” he hearts full of rage agaist him * His atack tok place and it was tisery forthe rebels: Hismajesty has done a fighters work. When the Tale was joined the rebel turned their backs, The arrows didnot stay fen prercing them: (8) The hand didnot let oor" One waded inact band asin water. Not one bound pai excaped of the 4200 “ative, A'scessul ee has been one!”‘Then the heart of his majesty was happy beyond anything, His majesty presented (11) a great sacrifice of oxen and shorthores all the gods of Upper and Lower Egypt, sd an offering tothe gods of the palace in the palace chapel. May he be given all Le, stability, dominion, all health and happiness like Re forever! 1, Since the lary vokes the three gods ofthe border exon ie lear hat the locality of the hing sightseeing a the region of Assan Sin Elephant be ed seated heen ea the report Fs army. Thi conhvmed bythe Creek inaripion which hi general Focatimo and Amar ft 0 Abu Sel sce Suncom ond Yoyo, pets pp. 18? 188 2 Here the erm "god's land” can only eer tthe woodlands of hi SE tact tat Pub was located nthe region ofthe third ear, see Sauneron aid Voyote opp 19 4. Te ching Rt plain. 5. LS! gaia King Pm. As so ohn in addrenting the king the ‘eport ie bth the send andthe thd persone ne ‘BT betes thatthe word which Bakry left anread ic a preposition, ethan Tee he stack ofthe king’ army. 1 Read mad leary weno he Karak te 5. Here abn bone ther instances sn means “aon,” put on (ee AncieiExgpon Leta 21). “THE NAUCRATIS STELA OF KING NECTANEBO 1 mls from the open tea a ten mit the chief Grech town in Egypt had en oth poston a theres 1 he mono ores sade boned on he wt by King Ara. ian ended by the Persian occupation of Egype—for Pesan dominion foremost Greek town and a cener of tade and manufacture the tne (tine Tare Dynoay Besder Creche the Town had a nave Egyptian population ard ‘clonging tothe nome of Sat had’ temple of Nee the goer | SSa"F acs ot Necanche was found inte temple prose Te n'a roundopped fncy carved sca of bck. rane, measuring 1.58 6h Inthe nee, under she wanged suns. Ring Neca {oreo peeng engi clone an Retr ‘Symmenrcal scenes. Below the inerpcan in fourteen come. "The onhogespic pects of te mocrpcan, hich amped x undersanding, were explained by the succesive studies Of Nasare lied below. Thus seme if Gunn's ransaton of 1943 repre Scrved' move or lee define rendering. excep fortwo addon Sire rents conan by do Mescmare 1958 Yen have iS Saw thn hw ic as, Cn ad Instn the hing specie te tems of hs Jono tthe temple of tothe empl the eire proceeds a cnrs cs vied at Navas oF Imported nate of tem percents wel a he proceeds of 3 mained atthe rcafen prcen onal god attuned a the town, The rue facu howeverare that the Ying decree gamed the thatnere sujet toa casts a and onetenth ofthe revenue ohne from the tx on loaly manufactured gods er a ssh he eat ‘Sisequeny repens ota the Nawrat elven aden seronenus PO e Publeaion” G: Maspero in Great Le Maid. Vl. Caito. Mia ERlan and Ur Wisk, 5-38 (tty, HE7CNRS. Iranner” Hive Chromatic (Wiebaen, 1983), pl 25-24 ‘elon phorogph. Tranation’ B Gunn, JEA, 29 (1949, 55-59. Roeder, Gtr pment "Comments: K. Sethe, Z4S, 591901), 121-195. K.P, Spi, 6 {190218906 "Gh Rema, BiFAO, 261929, 13106 C Parent ASAE, 34 (1800) el ciab HL de Meglenares EAS, 8 (559) 58°79." SM Chine in State tn ona f Care ogh, Nis" ‘Racem Oren, 89 (eager 17 1) Year |, fourth month of summer, day 13 under the majesty of| urns: Mighty-oFarm; ‘King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Two {adies: Who Benefits the Two Lands: Gold-Horus who does the gods wish: Kheperhre: Son of Re. Needy eve-iving beloved of Neth, hstess of Sais. Good god, Res image, Neih's hencReent hei. She raised his majesty above milion, Appointed him ruler of the Two Lands Se placed her uraews upon hi head, Captured for him the nobles’ hears ‘he enslaved for him the people's hearts Ant destroyed all his enemies Mighty monarch guarding Egypt. Gopper wall (3) enelsing FRYPE Pamertul oe with Soe nner whe atFieryhearted at seing his foes, Hear gouger of the teason-hearted Who does good ta him wh is loyal, They can shomber until daylight, “Their hears full of his good nature, And they stray not from their path ‘Who makes green all ands when he rie, Who sates every man with his bounty: Alleyes are dazed by seeing bir, Tike Re when he rics in ightland Love of him greens in each body. He has given life to thee bodies. ‘Whom the gods aclaim (5) when they have seen hie, Who wakes to seek what serves their shrines Who convokes their prophets t consul them (On al the functions of the temple Who acts according to their wor And is not deat to ther advice Righthearted on the path of god, Who builds their mansions, founds their wall, Supplies the altar, heaps the bows” Provides oblations of all kinds, Sole god of many wonders, Served by the aundk's rays ‘Whom mountains tell heir inmos, Whom ocean offers is Hood.” Whom foreign lands bring (7) thei bounty, “That he may rest their heats in thee valleys His majesty ose in the palace of Sas, and set in the temple of Neith“The king entered the mansion of Neith, and rose in the Red Grown beside his mother? He poured a Ubation to hi father, the lord of eternity" in the mansion of Neith, Then his many sa “Let there be given one it 10 oF) gold, of ser, of timber, of (0) worked wood, of everything coming from the Sea of the Greeks. ofall the goods ("being all the goods) that are reckoned to the king's domain in the own named Hent* and onein 10 of) gold of sver. of all the things that come into being in Premroy, called (Nas erat, ‘onthe bank of the Anu-that are reckoned othe kings domain, oh 2 divine offering for my mother Neth for al ime (11) m adition 10 ‘what was there before” And one shall make one portion of anon, oie fat goose, and five mestures of wine Trom themt a» perpetual dalylfering, the delivery of them to be at the treasury of my mother Neith. For she is the mistress of the sea: iti she who gies its sundance “My majesty has commanded to preserve and protect the divine hlfeing of ny mother Neth, (13) and to mainain everything done by the ancestors. in order that what T have dane be maintained by those two shall be for an eternity of years, His majesty said “Le these things be recorded on this tela, placed tw Nauerats on the bank of the Anu. Then shall my goodness be ‘emembered forall eternity! ‘On behalf ofthe Ie, prosperity, and health of the King of Upper snd Lower Egypt, Khpehare, Son of Re, Nein, ever-ving. May irhe given ll if, ability, dominion, ll health and happiner ike Re tonever! 1 Necaneo the funder ofthe Tht Deas 2 DETR RGN Ss Se RF pn phe coosias ttre wert fone she Tstaly prc lato ld ‘oye i oer, Sane onl eB Fw ae iid” Ai noite ‘© The king's ext from his palace and entry into the temple are okt ‘3 The goddess New, : 3 ome 5 ther Neb er mene Grech Fenn. the Med tevanen Ss tea Bhan ea fe, ana or “entrar thom fom cane sod Rehabs hao of Nossa 5 The Canope ranch the Se shat the tempi of Neh was to receive onecemh ofthe foyalrevenvcs trader ton cay mamutacured goods: The tate wach the net SOP Sat aIIL. Two Pseudepigrapha “The two monumental inscriptions bnown athe Bea Se pd he Fanine Sela are examples of gene tha appeas to have bee favored that ae disgaed a royal insenpuons of much ener times the pute pote of dhe Sui being io enhance het auhory. “THE BENTRESH STELA Lowe 6284 Aen fk ands 2 2 10 oud in 890 a al ‘btn by Raima Toe nels brought so Pars inI844 The scene {nthe lane shows King Rams I offering mens before bark of Khonsin‘Thebes Neterotep Behind the hing, priest ffes incense Before the aller bark of KhonecheProvder ieee. Below the ene isthe text n twenty-eight hormone “Though made to appear a 4 mamurent of Ramses she stain facta work ofexher the Pesan ore Polemaie period sels won ‘tous tale of healing performed by the Theban god Khorv-thePree ‘ler If the tale had en written om papyrur it wot rank wih ther Sones told abou the gods, But the gute of monument of Ramses ‘foment a popgand pra os nat he prone os {enatont ofthe Theban god Khons:Khonethe Mera () and oor tne Proser 9 rein? Ord propa a rear bres ie {wo press Watt alo dengned orca te plory ot Fgypcs mr Ming ats tine f foreign” Pertanor temic dominates eblcaion: P. Treson, RB, 42 (1989, 5778 and pl. A. de ‘Buck, ype Readgat Leiden, 194), pp. 106109." Khem, Senptin 284267 “Franson BAR Hil 429-447. — Lefebre, Rane, pp. 221~ 252, UR won in NET, pp 29-81. Brunner Traut, Pp, 163167." Brewian, featur, pp 888-830 "comments: A, rman, 245.21 (1886, S460.” W. Spiegeoerg, RT, 28 (1908, 181 'G.Posener. BIPAO, 94 (084) 75°81 efebore, C2 19 (1944) 214-218. 3: Donadont, DUK, 15 (987) 30, For adiionalrelereces we Lefebwre, Raman, pp 24-225,(1) Horus: Mighty bull, beauiul of crowns: Two Ladies: Abiding in Kingship ike Atom: Gold Horus: Strong armed smite ofthe Nine Wows the King of Upper and Lower Egypt. Lord ofthe Two Lands: Usermaresofpenr the Son of Re, of is body: Ramee blved of Am beloved of Amen-Re, lord of Thrones-ofshe-Two-Lands, and af the inead, mistres of Thebes. Good god, Amun 108, Offspring of Harakhu. Glorious seed of the AllLord, Begotten by Kamutef, King of Egypt, ruler of Red Lands, Sovereign who ceived the Nine Bows ‘Whom Victory was foretold as he came from the womb, Whom valor was given while in the egg, Bull frm of heart as he weads the arena, Godly king going forth like Mont on victory day, Great of strength lke the Son of Nut! When his majesty wat in Nahin according to his annual custom? te princes of every Foreign land came bowing in peace to the might I'his majesty from as Tat asthe farthest marshlands. Tele gifts of iol silver, lapis lau, (5) equine and every kindof plant of ga Fin were on their backs, and each was outdoing his fellow. The [ince of Bakhtant had also sent his gis and had placed is eldest "inughter in front of them. worshiping his majesty and begging hie tno hen, The woman plcased the heart of Wis majesty greatly and levond anything” So her tulary was established 25 Srfrure? When his majesty returned vo Egypt, se di ir happened in year 28° second month of summer, day tus mijenty was in Thebesthe-vctrious, the mistress of ites, per- lowing the rites for his father Amen-Re, lord of Thrones of he- Treu-tands, at his beautifol feast of Southern pet, hie forte place sine tke beginning that one came wo ay to his majesty." messenger ithe prince af Bakhtan has come wth many gifts for the queen "He ters tought before his majesty with his git and ssi, sulting his tisiesty “Hail o you, Sun ofthe Nine Bows! Truly, we liv through intl” And Kising the ground before his majesty’ he spoke aguin Uelore hi majesty sayings" have come to you, O King, my lords on wvenme of Bentesh.the younger ster of Queen Nein. A malay ins wie er bay. May yout majesty send learned an to see htHis majesty sid: “Bring me the personnel of the House of Life and the cour (10) ofthe residence.” ‘They were ushered into him Jmmedistely. His majesty std: "You have been summoned in order to Tear this matter: bring me one wise of heart with fingers skilled in ‘writing from among you” Then the royal scribe Thothemheb came before his majesty: and his majety ordered him to. proceed to Bakhtan with the messenger "The learned man reached Bakhtan. He found Bentresh to be possessed by a spin: he found him tobe an enemy whom one could Fight? Then che prince of Bakhian son agen to hi majesty. ying “O King, my lord, may your majesty command to sen! 3 god to Bight against this piri!” The menage reached] his majesty in year 26 frat ‘month of summer, during the feast of Amun while his majesty was in ‘Thebes. His majeny reported to Khonsin-Thebes-Neferhotep. 3)- ing: "My good lord, I report to you about the daughter ofthe prince fof Bakhtan.” ‘Then Khonein-TheberNeferhotep proceeded t0 hons-the Provider, the great god who expels disease demons” His majesty spoke to Khonsin-Thebes-Neferhotep: "My good lord, if you turn your face 10 (15) Khonsthe Provider, the great god who expels disease demons, he shall be dispatched to Bakitan” Strong approval twice" His majesty said: "Give your magial protection to him and | shall digpatch hie majesty to Bakhtan to save the daughter of the prince of Bakhtan.” Very strong approval by Khonsin Thebes Ne- Femhotep. He made magical protecion for Khons-the Provide i ‘Thebes four times. His majety commanded to let Khons-the-Pro- vidersin-Thebes proceed to the great bark with five boats and a Chariot, and many horses from east and west” "This god arrived in Bakhan at the end of one year and five months " The prince of Bakhtan came with his soldiers and official before Khons-ihe-Provider, He placed himself om his belly, saying: You have come tous to be gracious tous, ae commande by the King ‘of Upper and. Lower. Egypt, Usrnmrrsatnrr™ Then the god Proceeded to the place where Bentresh was. He made magic Protection for the daughter of the prince of Bakhtan, and she Became ‘ell instantly. “Then spoke the sprit who was wth her*to Khonsthe-Providerin- Thebes: “Weleome in peace, grea god who expels disease demons! Bakhtan is your home, is people are your servans, I am yout servant (20) I shall goto the place from which I came, #0310 x Your heart at rest about that which you came for. May your majesty Command to make a feast day wih me and the prince of Bak!” Then the od motioned approval ta his prie, saying: "Let the pre (of Bakhtan make a grea offering before this spirit[Now while this took place between Khont-the-Provderin-Thebes| ind the spirit, the prine of Bakhtan stood by with hi soldiers and teas very Frightened. Then he made a grat offering to Khons-the- Prosiderin- Thebes and the spirits and the prince of Bakhtan made 9 {eas day for them. Then the sprit went in peace wo where he wished, ss commanded by Khonehe-Provider.in- Thebes. The prince of Hakhtan rejoiced very greatly together with everyone in Bakbtan, “Then he schemed with his hear, saying: “wil make the god say here in Bakhian, Twi noc let him go to Egyp.” So the god spenc three years and nine months in Bakhian, Then, a the prince of Bakhian slept on his bed, he saw the god come out of his shrine a 2 falcon of fold and My up tothe sky toward Egypt (25) He awoke in terror and Sid to the priest of Khonesthe-Providerin-Thebee: “The god i till Tere with ust He shall go to Thebes! His chariot shall go to Egypt” Then the prince of Bakhtan let the god proceed to Egypt Raving iven him many gifts of every good thing and very many soldiers and Thurs. They arrived in peace in Thebes. Khonsthe-Providersin-Thebes| went 10 the house of Khons-in-Thebes Neferhotep, He placed the Aills of every good thing which the prince of Bakhtan had given him Uetore Khonsin- Thebes Neferhotep, without giving anything to his (oven) house. Khons-the-Provider-in-Thebes arrived in his Rouse in hice in year 38, second month of winter, day 19, of the King oF Upper and Lower Egype, Uermare- pene, given eternal ie ike Re. 1. The two principal royal mame ae those of Ramaes I, but he Hons, Totes ahd Cold-Heres same se misahenly compere, Iomg derived from he tary of Thutmose °F Toe land of Mason on he Upper Euphrates had ben reached by Tinton fan ll bn Ramses fad ever been ere Saad etn ended pone Bh 8 4 hr ten sid tht the mame “abba” cere ‘igyptan version ofthe ane of aca ae Ltebe, Roman, PE SB The historical mariage of Rams It wsh 2 Hite princess who sea given the Egyptian ante Mannefare the bs fore bina ‘rorflage "3 The scribe wrote “year 18 bu the ary emendaion to "yea 23; ‘ust proposed by Erman, sve) protein vewaf the dates given tet P'thie may be'n Canaanne mame ee Lefebvre, Roman, p- 22, a 1 On the “Howse of Life" seep 96,10 5 The lene sre Thothemed diagosed the malady os one tat ight be erel, but be hans cold mo effec the cre expe10, The Theban god Khons was worshiped under several dixie nantes: wah Khon TicberNetefeaep oping the ed Ing prison, we the most oustanding ai of Khonep ra wa that cfihealer The epher ps abrhasteéntramlated aris wae ‘Suing "be who determines fate” Bearing mind thax we do not Eom {hcenst shade of meaning, T have prelerred "whe Provider” See 0 panned 12, The chars ad hres were aed forthe otesnd pelo The J The remoteness of the land of Bakhian indicated in fir le ‘manner bythe exreme length of the joe) Mle motos ten hers 15, Le, Rhone Provider delivered llthe present to his superiog, Konsin'Thebes Nelerhotep,wathou heeping smyth for hs temple “THE FAMINE STELA, “The jnuripon caren nyswocamnon he ie rate so shee Pe ghenthe hayes soca nc Pwo es Git brat Winton ttre sak dy tae she ee todsand they have cused» number af extallcanse Above the ext Sesh Rag Deeg Ka Sal ‘ade te “ets Srprtsbes sees by King Der fhe Tid Dyany addrened to 3 SCovernor ofthe Sou ationed at Elephantng fn the ting informa he preordered oer the cum rr erlang Bein) Se pista tanacp. mfr eyo he Tics UE Mitel nlc nS Sse eh hore pte, anf Rina conrad he ow fen ron. THe pct hola aed hima the mes pros Fightin hing had seen Khoum his dreuy ond the god had promise Rens ie ane a pause ge eng mes Acre graning tote tmp ot Roam of Exghannes hare o terse Sed nile ep ending Bonen ah to Shomput dunce twee "Ina, aha of tN Sarat eee te se tpl he pct rg tri carping out the decree. eae de ini pres fm, he exc undoutey work othe Pole sent el ine mi arta ean Oa Srpiom Beate onthe ce tp Oe ake OTe om Sonny ema ep oth sc ike hmuer ple sfBephatine tae BS is cai Atding oP Bogue wa ley vit unt he ete met pSamany Reset UsNaeisteps HW Schersere Somer fiw smpeion ak RPI epee eu Se ae ea eaname Mesr; may not have heen a Nubian chief rung the ate in def Shovel the Bolsa Ling. ‘The most plow hypothe, tee to teri he one that ses the lserpion the work Bf the priesthood af {he face ofthe eeroaching cls ade byte ergy of asa Phe smuch dacs, forthe lotion of Takompso, mentioned st oth Elim nos known and the length othe er appears to have are. ‘The problem now cnr w have been ced in foro ana analy devin 03m, for ck shore nn by he Scab Tan the te lng wuld dena nthe Sout eghty miet " * ‘Banguet ga dion hs gest advanced she undersanding of is silted tet These ream sume of plans and mei. Publication: HK. Brugich, Du bch ie abe de Hungermah (apg 1890). Baguette dea omar St In ra (2rd Sicheobogie orient, Bibletbtgue dade, 4 (Csiro, 1953) “Traneason"G-Roeder Untunde su Relig ar Apion Jen 115) pp. 177-108 tes of ys) ani, La oi dn ep ae 3 "h Wilson in ANET, pp. 31-32 PRs an comments K. Sib, Daas ds osfnlanden ser Greve om agp und Nabe Unerachungen, U3 (Lepe 1901 int Hdesherm, 1951) K Sete, 248, 4 (1008), 88925 W Scher 245.47 (1910, 15438.” Hee Meulengere,Bibhaben Grama, 14 1957), 39°94, reve of Rarguctr publcsion Brunner “Die Hungersocice” ir Kindirt Lara Leon i (a {thet coe 295862096. D. Wildung, De Ralph Kong 17 (rin, 196 pp 85-9. A Sema, De haa Np rut nach ahpypichen Toarn, Diseraion, Unieraty of Tabinge, (em MBI 2 (18,18 115s, Dhara Et low de Vole (Wieden, 1978). col 1V12— 113. Unt Ses Hor f Cae R Hag, Ses ‘Oneal Caution, 39 (Cheago, 19) pp 2148 ‘On the tones and mete con Hater Mineral (1) Year 18 of Horus: Nerbit: the King of Upper and Lower 1 gypts Neterkhet; Two Ladies Neterkhet; God-Horue Der: under Iie Cunt, Prince, Governor ofthe domains ofthe South, Chief of I Nubians im Yebs, Msi’ There wae brought to him thi royal tise, To let you know: 1 was in mourning on my throne, Those nt the pala were in geet, My heart was in re ait, py a ale ceIn a period of seven years Grain was scant, Kernels were dried up, Scarce was every kind of food. Every man robbed (8) his twin? “Thove who entered did not go." Children ered, Youngsters fei “The hearts of the old were grieving: Legs drawn up, they hugged the ground, “Thee arms clasped about them, Courtiers were needy, “Temples were shut Shrines covered with dust, Everyone was in distess, 1 directed my heart to turn tothe past, [consulted ane of the sa ofthe Tbs, The chief lector priest of Imhote, Som of Pua South-of his Wal” “In which place is Hapy born? Which isthe town of the Sinuous one? Which god delle there? ‘That he might jie wit (5) me He stood: "shall go 19 Mansion of the-Neu? ‘tis designed to sipport a man in his deed? I shall enter the House of Life, UUnrall the Soule of Re {shall be guided by them. He departed, he returned 10 me quichly, He etme know the Row of Hapy, [FHis shores and all the things they contain, He disclosed to me the hidden wonders, ‘To which the ancestors had made their way, And no king had equaled them since He sid to me: “There is a town in the midst of the dep, ‘Surrounded by Hapy. (2) Vebu by name! Its rst of the Fis, Firat nome co Wat Earthly elevation, celestial hil, ‘Seat of Re when he preparesTo give life to every face Ike temple's name i ‘Joy-oF fe “Twin Cavern isthe water's name, “They are the breasts that nourish ll. Is the house of sleep of Hapy.* He grows young in tin [his ume} [rte the place whence he brings the ood Bounding up he copalates, ‘AS man copulates with woman, Renewing his manhood with joy: Coursing twenty-eight cubits high, He pases Sema behdet (0) a seven." Khrtum i the god [who rules} there, [FHe s enthroned above the deep His sandals resting on the flood He holds the door bolt in his hand, ‘Opens the gate as he wishes. Hels eternal there as Shi” Bounty-giver, Lord-oF fel, So his name is called. He has reckoned the land of the South and the North" “To give parts to every go: she who governs barley, (emer, Fowl and fh and al one tives on. (Cord and serial board are there, The pole is there with ts beam (11) His temple opens southeast, Re rises ini face evry day, lis water rages om sr routh for an it ‘Awa agenat the Nubians each day There ia mountain masil im its extern region, With precious stones and quarry stones of all kinds, All dhe things sought for building temples In Egypt, South and North. And stalls for sacred animals, palaces for kings, ‘Al statues tao that stand in temples and in shrines, "cir gathered products ate set before the face of Khnum and atounadin: Tkewise (13) al plans and flowers of al kinds that exist Iwween Vel and Sern" nd are there on the east and the west“There is in the midst of the river—covered by water tts annual ‘ood place of relaxation for every man who works the tones On is two sides "There isin the river, before this town of Yebu, a central elevation of diffeule body which is called go 3" “Learn the names of the gous and goddesses of the temple of khnum® Sati, Anukis, Hapy, Shu, Geb, Nut, Ose, Horus, 1, Nephuhys “Learn the names of (15) the stones that are there, lying i the bor derland those that are inthe eas and the wes, hot [onthe shores] of Vebu's canal, those in Yebu, those in the east and wes ad those the river: bm! Ady" mith rg, wt nthe eae; pda im the ‘west im the wes and in the river. “The names of the precious tones of the quarties that are inthe ‘upper region some among them ata distance of four rare: gol silver, copper, iron, lapis lazuli, turquoise, thn." red jasper, smn? emerald” tm-tr™ Im addition, ii” -y. hodge (17) {ike Bleak green eye-paint, black eye-paint, carlin,” sre" ‘am and ochre™ are within this township, "When I heard what was there my heart was guided”, Having heard ofthe flood (1) opened the wrapped books." (I) made a puriRcation (conducted a procession ofthe hidden ones (1) made » complete ‘offering of bread, beer, oxen, and fowl, and all good things forthe {gods and goddeses in Yebu whose names had been pronounced 'AST slept in peace, I found the god standing before me. (1) pro- pitiated him by adoring him and praying to hm He revealed himself {forme with kindly faces he sid “Lam Khoum, your maker! My arms are around you, ‘To steady your boty, ‘To (10) safeguard your limbs.* I bestow on you stones upon stones, [That were not found" before, OF which no work was made, For building temples, Rebuilding eui, Inlaying statues eyes, For 1 am the master who makes, Lam he who made himell, Exalted Nun, who fist came forth, Hapy who hurries a ilFashioner of everybody Guide of each man in his hour, Tatenen, father of gods, Great Shu, high in Reavent ‘The shrine I dwell in has two lps ‘When 1 open up the wel [know Hapy hugs the fel, [A hug that fils each note with ie, (21) For when hugged the field is reborn! stall make Hapy gush for you, Na year of lack and want anywhere, Plante will grow weighed down by their Fits With Renuter ordering al All things are supplied i millions! 1 shall let your people ill up, they shall grasp together with yout Gone wil be the hunger years nuded the dearth in their bins Egypt's people wil come striding, Shores wil shine inthe excellent food, Hearts will be happier than ever before!” The Denton {awoke with speeding heart. Freed of fatigue I made (23) this de- “eco behalf of my father Khoum. A royal offering to Rhum, lord ‘the cataract region and chief of Nubia Innreturn for what you have dane for me, Ioffer you Manu a8 wes ‘vu border, Bakhu as eastern border.” fom Yebu to Kean" being Ieee teron the est and the wes, consiting of flds and panures, of the sver, and af every place in these miles Al tenants” who cultivate the fields, and the vives who ivigate stu shore and allthe ew Ids that are in these miles, thee harvests ‘lle taken t your granary, in addition to (25) your share which i iweb All lishermen, all hunters, who catch fsh and trap birds and al Ss game, and all who tap lions in the desert—I exact rom them ‘ete of the take ofl ofthese, and al the young aimals born oF the females in these mies (in their woul “One hall give the branded animal forall burnt offerings and daily sovnties: and one shall give one-tenth of god, ory, ebony. carob ‘Noanlorlves carnelian, sr fin plants, of plant all Kids of timber,(being) all the things brought by the Nubians of Khenthen-nefer 0) Earp, andy) every man (27 ho comes wih ares rom 'No oficial are to issue orders in these places or take anything from them, for everything is tobe protected for your sanctuary. grat you this domain with (ts) stones ad good sl. No person here "~~ anything From it. But the scribes that belong to you. and the overseers of the South shal dwell there as accountant isting everything that the Aiyrworkers, and the smiths, and the master ‘raltsmen, and the goldsmiths, and the (29) and the Nubians, Sand the crew of Apiru. and al core bor who fashion the stones, Shall give of god, silver, copper, lead, bashets of firewood, the ‘things that every man who works with them shall give ax dues, namely ‘one-tenth ofall these. And there shal be given oneenth of the Precious stones and quarrying stones that are brought from the ‘mountainside, being the sones of the eat. ‘And there shall bean overser who mestures the quantities of go, siler, copper, and genuine precious stones, the things which the ‘Sculptors shall assign tothe gold house, (31) to) fashion the sacred images and to refit the statues that were damaged, and any imple- ‘ments lacking tere, Everything shall be placed in the storehouse until ‘one fashions anew, when one knows everything thats lacking n your Temple, 3 that shall be ae it was inthe beginning, Engrave this decree on 4 stela of the sanetsary in writing, fori happened as sid, and) ons table, o that the divine writings shall be ‘om them inthe temple twice He who spits om i) decetully shall be {given over to punishment "The oversers ofthe priests and the chief fal the temple personnel shall make my name abide in the temple of Khar Re, lord of Yeu ceversmighty, 1. The reading of the name i nt quite certain, ad the name is probably nat an Egyptian one : 2. When Ghe merption was frst published. the dexrption of » seven year Famine was bened to be connected wih he bea ory Sasser famine in Eeyp Gene 4c then haben et ‘ures of the ancien Near Easy ste CH, Gordon Oren, na Bt (i958) 8. aargueop. tp 15,t00kMrtobe the word for “revenue wile “The meaning seems to be that those who had entered house were too ment lee Wag The Snot ofthe Ih designates the corporation ofsries whineon was Thoth As Barge, of ts 1, pnd ot he ing com Stia'a prst of imhgepe nt the gb mbox hme prs Wilding. fae nd Aenaep Maric, 197. pp. 9-182 Ios rhea te Nappa he ena ue sould sem requ ta the ngs cosltion whe peso {ontario eared guy Smeal” i en mg eso me ap tcc fDi Hee he" of i er ot tmror dose, Memphis 5 smext Snr sentence wich rendered erly woud: “puleflor the entatoea of ceyoe fr sha ty doe he | ‘Biter othe tanec dagecanarnd sri Feo oF Re ae the sured aks hep in he ems "Le Elephant Sir ome of Uper Ee coward Lower Nubia ae. To. The pag ss the tains ew Ti Ley byte tne the uation hat reced the Deka town of Semasechel ihe mrp afte Teh some’ of Umer Eee feetahichie acer, none of ery Fer cate TE" have reused the euna merely to nate tha ome sch caning pore 0 Khun te snr es py, 3 The identication of Khuen wth Sho alo occurs inarher textsof| whe elena pero sobs fan Te EDA and of Upper Ep an Lower Earp 15: espe haguctsespanate al ounernd he words wed twee ttemese ean aed ts rdaten She Bape ‘Potspp.t0c¥l wamaacd: “hy sunspport debe co paket po an pes ution i rer sae Cri nan ema el" ap he dct he urine frie Cal no 30195), 25-22 Tos Tenth crac ofthe Wie, wich ar once bounty "TRlnerally Semples of Upper and Lower Egypt {i The als of gah, wh of Bean rd oppose Pia 18, The two elevations described here pleasant one aod ico wes hve been cae wih thee mans ae Cop 8 ies 5 ep "3" Since may ofthe stones Hae nt been denied, is ot eat to wi exe tec may hve been care Dele mth tated Bb tone eto Mari opp. 8 2, where the translation "greyracke” is favored. re the imandaion rose22, Harris id. p74 thinks i probable that mely wax merely an- caer speling of nik. pie™ 25, An undentited mater semingly of golden color: se i, POR The stones rand uy have not en Mei: see ibid, pp. 85 and, (ip. 105, tht may be the Greek ran, en eid or ip aaa el em rs eee ETE Walaa ce wa op. pag: © ty SA Mh 2 oti pif eo ety dite oe gr ai i 9, iio ole eer Se EEaea a ie SNe fi Bate oh os ong ch ee tp i Sort eo Said ie shoal amin se pea a te Fad rd ib ht dt othe "Sap ang ee ep st See N ow stom comers “3 ee ne dot wh ea Anas SEA ta ra anne” SESS cee oa cist rn ne “etic Pps hey Sate ea Fp edna ne hy st meaty ten Pe 50813. oe Fogle i vie age hero ok Stace ars age ig eh fk” her hn Behe singh teste heen cp tk En Br Ete vn spate Sime nig BGR be ote te oid made of wo sections52. A recent arte with extensive bibliography onthe much debated Apis by MB Rowton, ES, 95 (199), 18-20. M3 Hw nox cent hat aol hte, see Bagh, oh ci, 3 sie he edie pce har bem et scratch spe of gains A iat writen inthe temples wie on itIV. Hymns and Lamentations “The hymns tranated in Ans! Epyption Liratie, Volt and ‘ame from prt funerary monumenttomby le and states oF tee presefved on pupyros By contrast the hymns given ete a ite {erie on che walls of tempin Tat tony, they wete ce Nyasa {Grroed percof the temple ceremonial, The wel preserved tempicsa the Green Roman period, orb thoweof Pha, Edt, Dendera sna ana, Sreespecally chin such nye “The Lamon of ar end Nephi, dered to Osi, ao ame fromthe temple cal ofthe god. ut the morkrarsaued here write fon papyrus and peed tothe ue ofan india person ANYMN To MMOTEP Inthe Temple of Pua at Karnak In addition wo defying the hogs—that io sy, a whole da of pr pte man te its woot ie deed na, S20 When af uecssed lide i i he OM Kingdon he [New Kingdom these eats beame prominent and in the Lae Pei ‘ey ached the fllet expres ler and arheat of King Dose. and Amenhotep son af Hapu, teach tect and courner of King Ameahovep Tihotep was orginally worshiped at Memphis, where he had si and ded inthe Late Perind he became a god of Reling was scott ‘wth the great god ah as hs "son" and scl spread throughout Egypt WE haven hima the benefactor who grante oot te ‘Emap, and inthe Fomine Sty athe Paro ote sere wo htt King bjoser rned for nsrecson, The byma inthe Pah templet Rarial’documents he worship at Thebes “Amenhovep son of Hapu ha remarkable caeer under Amenhoty LUT As i death he pontaed 3 moray tempi, located behind that Ais tg on the wes bnk of Thebes an thee he was worshiped by he age ara benefactor and eae. less waerpread ham SFlimhotep, appears wo have ben nied tothe Theta eon th ‘Theta area the two divine Reslere were worthped logeber = Trather a "The ht naps inscribed nsx cols on he ight outhe dant ofthe fourth door ofthe temple af Pas Karak: ye ‘Amenhosep 20m of Hapu son the let oorhern) pom of the meoor. Both ymos are work ofthe Roman pid noth end with {he ame of te emperor Theron Unfors, ke hyn e Ase hotep son of Hap han suffered much damage, and a is heretare ox mated here ies: G. Lorain, ASAE, $900,612. Uk Vp 5 ‘ Saumeron BUFAOE68 (96), 78°87 ad pV, ext rama an “GniecleofImhouep and Amenbote on of Hap: K Sethe, Pe api dct Reranch ae Hite 1965) rym. he ar ted Phi of King Zoe (London, 1h, 26 i988. Ono, 248.78 9) Hep own rina annem bee fee, 44 (Cairo, 1968). °"D. Wildung, Imhaep and Amenhotp, Manche Saypelogace Stadien 36 Mun, 197, expe pp. 206-203. (1) Hail to you, kind-hearted god, Imhotep ton of Prah! Come t your house, your temple in Thebes, May its people! see you with joy! Receive what s presented there, Inhale the incense, Refresh your body with bation’ “This your seats your favored sat More splendid for you than the seas of other towns: ‘You see Amun in the seasons’ Fass, For your seat is next to his* You join if in the joner-oFife? Te faces your house at Manu.* Your arm is sustained by Mont, lord of Thebes? ‘You catch the northwind southbound by your house. ‘You see the sun shining in ray of gold Atte upper doors ofthe lord of glory" ‘You view (3) the gods’ houses on your houses four sides” ‘You receive the offerings that come from their altars ‘You moisten your throat with water, ‘When your prophets bring this libation, ‘Your endowment priests offer to you ofall good things, All ood supplies for every day Wine, beer, milk, Irntofferings a nightfall May your nop rom hate to your hose every dy, je welcoming voice of your priealy singer! May you hear he caning of our ewe, Ashe ets things before your aMen applaud you? Women worsip you One and al exh your Kindness! For you heal them, You revive them, You renew your father's (5) creation “They bring you their donations, Bear to you their silt, Proffer you thei goods “That you eat he effering loaves, ‘That you swallow the be, With your brothers the elder gods, [And feed the worthy apis with your surpluses “The learned ones pase god for you Foremost among them your brother, ‘Who loves you, whom you love, ‘Amenotep son of Hap Fe abides with you He pars not from Yous ‘You bodies form s single one, ‘Your brs recive the tings you love * Brought you by your son, Car August 1 Lead he word at. mabe of pole” Saneon oo 78, noe te, rcerecd ead stm, “ve powers PTD Tas paige debs Kawi temp fe oo srrounded on aides by the aber snes of Karna, beginning wh the gre TE Tie necropolis on te mesa 4 The western mourtatn" On may ace Wh. 438227-10 3: The temple of Sone ay tothe worth 6. Les the eae sde ofthe temple of Amen, which received the rays ‘ofthe morning sun "7S katonaces abound in the whole text and are expecially prom: nent inthe nection whic begins ere Being junior god, tthe ‘Ses oft have at espe he fod Tibotep has his own priesthood consisting of “prophets” “en denon pons semua pren: and sated “Sang described the repulsrtemple cok of Umboep, he bys now spesza he worship he populace who being thet persona git {othe god and seck hs Bl I Readers son ah tmx renews he Meging TH? The sworthy spiris” are the deeatod perions mhote seme statues ccna oenge tha had a been preside ge12. The word "body" and the word “har both the sings HYMNS TO HATHOR IN THE TEMPLE OF DENDERA Denver (ln) the meroplisof he 6 ome of Upper Egypt ane ck cer ofthe godt Hath. The ge epe of Gc Roman date tat has sve tere cords devel te worship of the ine daly sual and during estas rong the may ex scompany the ial enes ete ae eu of hyn that hae occ mere ‘They were tembld,(andaed, and dbcuned by 1 [inter Keo fr men rob cin aad a ontns arto eames ete cee eee ine 10 begin the hymns. = Se, Bh eR ee treba reteotrd ere Bach a or, 31. je, Ten ae yg: St lug. 15-70 SoH actor Seg Siete s Rete, ams ies A se acces ‘The King, Pharaoh, comes to dance, He comes to sng Mistress, se the dancing, Wife of Horus. see the skipping! He offers ito you, his jug Mistress, se the dancing, fe of Horus, see the skipping! His hear is straight, his inmost open. Nedarknet' fin his breast Mistress, se the dancing, ic of Horus, see the skipping! © Golde one, how good ie shis song? Vike the sang of Horus hsee's son sings as master singer He's the Horus-child, the musician! He diminishes not your bread, his inmost open, [No darkness in his breast! He abhors the sorrow of your he, He abhors (yout) hunger and thes He abhors the distres of the goddess” m © beauteous one, O co, O great one (© great magician, O splendid lady, O queen of gods "The King reveres you, Pharaoh, give that he live! © queen of gods, he reveres you give that he live! Behold him, Hathor, mistress, rom heaven, ‘Sce him, Hathor, mistres, From lghtand, Hear him, Raming one, from ocean! Behold him, qucen of gods, from sky, from earth, From Nubia, from Libys, fom Mant, fom Baku? From each land, from each place, where your majesty shines! Behold what i in is inmost, “Though his mouth speaks not: His heart straight, his inmost open No darkness isin hia brea! He reveres you, O queen of gods, Give that he lve! He comes to dance, He comes to sing! His bread isi bis hand, He defies not the bread in is hand, Clean are the foods in his arms, ‘They have come from the Horus Eye, He has cleanced what he offers to her! He comes to dance, He comes to sing! His bags of rushes, His batket of reeds." His sistram of gol His necklace of malachite“veers pene eumeat acon 109 His feet hurry 1o the mistress of music He dances for he, she loves his doing! 1 Suk “darknes” in the sense of “malice” 2 ening the sign ay rather am nc WD, 1.128 55. Them the Sumgoddesr eof Hathor 4 Orngald of gods 5 Le, south, ort, wes, and eas Read hrf. see Mb 3121 2. ave rendered the Yon and on plans Feely as “rushes” and reeds" nr known what plas ae steam by thee ter Tn ea tion of the verse to Pyramid Text trance 942 as sudled by A {Gato in Melnges Maser 74 (1961, 31-72 WO 3d, “malachite see Har, Mina, pp. 12108 ‘TWO HYMNS TO KHNUM IN THE TEMPLE OF ESNA aoe tpt ee re ay i i a ent te sie oe ii ner nee aa seen Semel pe i ert isieiceent aarp toate each tant ae es rehibitest he arn ina aoe EE Sphere Sag phe Bonne hymn nh ins i cer ee ee sore emia i acaetriiee san ce ieee StS eres aca ga eer epee eerie spar Tact gee sie Cae seit nacre crite ete A imate at cat cep, rE ie fr te aca Sees Shc Tih Se any oni Sac eS a Pa, woe lohan Gtuaeancrga nrc oe cat eh ete lg Si Sey i eh a aeriaer certiea oehe arnt’ toate an tet10 steer eoxrvia urenarine celebrated on the fit day of che month of Pharnenot. Dating from the Roman period, the wext & madcied on ym of Pstema date ao {msribed nthe Hana temple, but now Int pate of preservation, ‘ub 4 Pen Ron na Wh HE Ne 3 = 18,pp 157158, text Boa, Val pp. 8-360, wala, ‘Shudy of morning hymns” AM Bisckman and H.W. Farman in Macaca Grgenana. pp 391-428, Eone, Val. pp 88 The Great Hino Rtn, Vol 1M, No, 250,5°2). pp 13-184, text Eins Vol ¥, pp 107, traaaven and commentary. [Asimann,Agptcke Hen und Gee (ih 178). No a8, pp.980- Sierras of excep A MORNING HYMN TO KHNUM. Awakenings of Khnum: 3 ‘Wake well in peace, wake wellin peace, Khnum-Amun, the ancient, Issued from Nun, In peace, awake peaceably! Wake, lord of felds, Great Khnum, ‘Who makes his domain in the meadow. In peace, awake peaceably! Wake, lord of gods and men, Lord ofthe war ery." In peace, awake peaceably! ‘Wake, mighty plann Great power in Egypt In peace, awake peaceably! Wake, lord of ite, Wooer of women, “To whom come gods and men a he bids, In peace, awake peaceably! Wake, ram great of majesty, ‘Tall plumed, sharp-horned, In peace, awake peaceably! Wake, great lon, Slayer of rebels, Im peace awake peaceably! Wake, crocodil-king, Mighty victor,‘Who conquers as he wishes, In peace, awake peaceably! Wake, veiled-faced one, Who shuts his eyes to his Foes, Ashe bears arms, In peace, awake peaceably! Wake, leader of herdsmen, Who grasps the sch, Smites his attacker, Im peace, awake peaceably! Wake, great erocodile who 539s, “Each of you shal slay his fellon,"* In peace awake, peaceably! Wake, Shu, strong armed, His father's champion, Slayer of rebels, In peace, awake peaceably! Wake, fighting ram who chases his foes, Herdsman of his followers, In peace, awake peaceably Wake, muliform one Who changes shape a il In peace, awake peaceably! Wake, Khnum who fashions ashe wishes, Who sets every man in his place! 1, era, "Strong of war ry” 2. Knalution oth sun go bates agrnat his enemies in which he is supported by shu and other gods Here Khnundnted mith Sh intl behalf he srg elow! max mean oppor ie hy consis of tvee parts. the rs pat Khoi viewed 2s {ters wheel and endows te human body wih alts pars and fe {in Inthe soma par the go adored the erate ol peoples int the hake fail hale a plans. The turd prt dese he eather crete ge,“The paral of members underlying the merical heme it ren forced by numerous sonance, num erator of bois (250.6) Another hymn to Khaum-Re, God of the potters whee Who sted the land by his handiwor Who joins in secret, Who builds oundly. Who nourishes the nesting by the breath of his mouth: Who drenches this land with Nun, While round sex and great ocean surround him, He has fashioned gods and men, He has formed flocks and herds He made birds a well a shes, He created bulls, engendered coms He (8) knotted the flow of blood 1 the bons. Formed in his workshop! as his handiwork, So the breath of life is within everything. ‘Blood bound with semen’ in the Bones! ‘To knit the bones from the sa He makes women give bith when the womb is ready, So arto open ~~ as he wishes He soothes suffering by his wil Relieves throats, lets everyone breathe, ‘To give life othe young in the womb. He made hai sprout and treses grow, Fasened the skin over the limbs, He built che shll, formed the cheeks ‘To furnish shape tothe image? He opened the eyes, hollowed the ears, He made the body inhale ai: (10) He formed the mouth for eating, Made the tgorge! for swallowing He alzo formed the tongue 10 speak, The jaws to open, the gullet to drink, ‘The throat eo avallow and spit. ‘The spine to give ppor, ‘The testicles to mover “The fare to act with vigor, “The rear to perform is task,The gullet devour, Hands and their fingers to do their work, The heart t lead “The loins to suppor the phallus In the act of begetting “The frontal organs 10 consume things, ‘The rear to aerate the entra, Likewise to sit at ease, And sustain the ental at night, The male member to beget, ‘The womb to conceive, And increate generations in Egypt “The badder (12) o make water, “The virile member to eject When it swells between the thighs ‘The shins to sep, “The legs to vead “Their bones doi their task, By the will of his hear. Koon eeator of al peoples and al ie Formed all on his powers wheel, ‘Their speech differs in each region, ‘And clashes with tht of Egypte roducts abroad, For the lord af the whee! is their Father too, Tatenen® who made all that i on ther so ‘They produce their supplies thus the people of Ibhat—* ‘To nourich themclver and their children AS his mouth spat out they were born straightaway, ‘Without paure henceforth the wheel turns (14) every dy. Al your creatures give you thanks, You are Plah-Tatenen, creator of creators, Who in Tunyt brought forth all that He feeds the chick in the nes in is time, Hee makes ts mother eject iin time He made maskind, created gods, He fashioned flocks and herds He made bieds, shes, and reptiles al, Iy his wil Nun's fishes leap from the cavers, Yo Feed men ad goats ins tne.He made plants inthe ied He dotted the shores with flowers: Hee made fruit trees bear their fruit, ‘To il the needs of men and gods, (16) He opened seams in the belies of mountain, He made the quarries spew out their tones. “The diverse forms of Khon In “Firstoftowns” he is Ba-of Re Fashioning people throughout this land; [At lunyt he s Bao Shu Modeling people om his wheel He has fashioned men, engendered gods, They live by that which comes from him, He makes breathe those who resin their tombs In Shas hotep he is Ba-of Ost, Making all herds by his handiwork; In Herwer he s Buf Geb, Fashioning all beings in this Ind, He is Horus-Metenu in Semenhor, Making birds from the sweat of his body He changes his form (18) to Lordof-the-booth ‘To wrap Osiris inthe place of embalmment He models ll things between his hands, ‘To guard Osiris om hie right side, ‘Save him from the water by his Twins” Gusta the King om his let side, everliving He changes hie form to Suvadjenta of Pe-neter,* Who makes all things in his ie He grows trees, he tases crops, To nourish all by hi products, He alters his form to beneficent Nourisher, On top of nesting ih, To fashion all men and beasts “They'' have placed heir four Mesekhinec' at their sides, ‘To repel the designs of el by incantations “They stand as lords ofthe shrines of South and North, Auth place of creation of all that (20) exits Beneficent go Contenting godGod who forms bodies God who equips nostri, God wha binds the Two Lands, So that they join thei matures, When Nun and Tatenen fist came into being “They appeared as lotus on bis back, As heir to Djed-shepsy atthe sare * ‘Their ha will not pers, [None shall hinder their action, Noland is lacking inal that he made, They are concealed among manking, Creating all beings since god's ime, ‘They are alive and abiding, Like Re rising and sexing May your fa face be kind to Phorash ror cng! patch eae alg a wer aS The reading of the signs is problematic; f. Sauneron's discussion, eae ier ei ee Eee tase Nee i eign reno ne Nat i th a dene cechenng th Ree thon ee i nel fei act tg eens Sera sergateenmpercry fem tteraer i on fers if erecta ate 4. As above, “Theit™ and “They" refer wo the manifestations ofTHE LAMENTATIONS OF ISIS AND NEPHETHYS Pap. Bern S008 “This ein eras si appended os ero pay of ‘he Bock of the Bead that belong tos woman whose are, arusly SEC ah Penny oes ppd fom he eae [erie Weratic fest writen in ve columns fr page of raring Eicon linens reed wate eto eye Fetteent ean nario ets heh ato hare ee he Seres betel te women njcnonsng hese goes ‘mpi one ag mug’ ws het wen exile uno eng a “Fee ogy sao ie tok ofthe Gare mesa formed inthe temples. Bt by being inched in 2 Book of the Bead ST Uaip tinea ence os ne peo oneapio {nade pone bythe waditonal auclation of ery dead perce mah Ihegel Ouran tnt semi slnger wo founda apa fee Rind (pi ws “iSong oe ns Rep or dang oh ery ne ay Sage pertmane inte opt Sasson a fee Sa {Gomparion of the two componont shows thatthe shore work, he ‘opin, casos sbeees tthe eer Sop Silent co 8°0 Palo pas hex So sect “Two cross be ein conbnin wth roo ex eqhuano te Onin ane tenon ee ‘SSttecaden Se Garp, Liver works expres he fa Sen‘Fatprerned eure ak Thay each eden a ‘Sere goa code ogy nt ns dae Sey Gel onthe ert proton she gots ge On Sie togh reer nde nd woriped rnc rein nr py ad ery thys,” Mélanges Maspero I, 1 (1934), 387 ~348 and 4 plates. e "Fe el tn baa Ot, i Aron tt Ne Tole) thas egw I oe Seis Test the Soe af as and el ee JERSE OSS, tsa tartan, Hanke bu Sader Ji Suna, ‘Nao de: Wieden wes Pees Path ae Wt Bentsen Sat as, 1 (1,1) Recitation of blessings made by the Two Sistersin the house Osiris Khentament, the great god, lord of Abydos, in the fou ‘month of Inundation, day 25, when the same isdane in every place» sii, at every feast of hs "To bess his ho, steady his body, exalt his a, give breath to the nw fof him who Tacks breath" “To athe the heart of Isis and Nephhys, place Morus on hiLather’ throne, and give lfetabiliy-dominion tothe Osiris Tena \y. born of Tekh, called Perss, the justified” i benef the doer at well a the gods Recitation (2.1) Iss speaks, she says: Come to your hows, come to your house! You of On? come wo your house, ‘Your foes ate not! (© good musician, come to your house! Behold me, 1am your beloved sister, You shall not part from me! © good youth, come to your house! Long, long have Tot seen you! My heart mourns you, my eyes seek you, {search for you to see you! ‘Shall 1 not see you, shall not se you, Good King. shall 1'ot see you" Wis good to ae you, good to se you, You of On, itis good to see you! Come to your beloved, come 1 your beloved! Wennofer, used, come to yur ser! ome o your wife, come to your wile, Weary-hearted, come to your house-mistress! 1am your sister by your mother, (40) You shall not leave me! Gods and men took for you, Weep for you together! While 1 can see {call to you, Weeping tothe height of heavent But you do not hear my voice, Though 1am your ster whom you loved on earth, You loved none but me, the sister the sister (8.1) Nephihys speak, she says (© good King, come to your hows! Pleise your heart. all your foes are not! Your Two Sisters beside you guatd your bier, Cll for you in tears!‘Turn around on your bier! ‘Se the women, speak tous! King out lord, deve all pain from our heats! Your court of gods and men beholds you ‘Show them your face, King ou lord! ‘Our Faces ive by seeing your face! Let your face not shun our facet! (10) Our hearts are glad to we you, King! ‘Our hears are happy to see you! Lam Nephthys, your beloved sister! ‘Your foe i allen, he shall not be! {Lam with you, your body-guard Forall eer (4.1) Isis speaks, she says Ho you of On, you rise for us dally in heaven!” We cease not to sce your rays! “Thoth. your guard, raises your be, Inthe day-bark in this your name of “Moon.” [have come to see your beauty in the Horus Eye, In your name of "Lord:of-the-sth-day Feat. Your courtiers beside you shall not leave yous, ‘You conquered heaven by your majst's might, In this your name of "Lord of the-fcenth-day-feas.” You rise for ws like Re every day, You shine forus lke Atum, Gods and men live by your sigh [As you rise for us you light the Two Lands, Lightlnd i filled with your presence Gods and men look to you, No evil befalls them when you shine (10) As you ross the sky your fos are not, am your guard every day! fou come tous as child in moon and sun, We cease not to behold you! ‘Your sacred image, Orion in heaven, Rises and sets every day Tam Sothis who fllows bie, 1 wil noc depart from hit!(6.1) The noble image isued from you Nourishes gods and men, Reptiles and herds live By i You flow from your cavern for usin your ime, Pouring aut water t your b, Making offerings wo your h, “To nourish gods and men alike, Ho my lord! There is no god like you! Heaven has your be, earth your form, Netherworld i filled with your secrets Your wife is your guard, ‘Your son Horus rules the lands! [Nephthys speaks, she says: (© soo King, come to your house! Wennofer jusined, come to Djedet ‘© lusty bull come to Anpet ‘O lover of women,” come to Hatmehyt, ‘Come to Djedet, the place your Be loves! ‘The br’ of your fathers are your companions, Your young son Horus, the Sisters cil, i before you Tam dhe ight that guards you every day 1 wll ne leave you ever! 0 you of On, come to Sais, ‘Saite”is your name; Come to Sas to see your mother Neith, (Good child, you shall not part from her! Come to her breasts that overfion, Good brother, you shall ot part From hee! my son, come to Sais! (Osiris Tentruty, called Nyny, born of Perss, justified * Come to Sas, your city! You place isthe Paac You shall ret forever beside your mother! She protects your body, repels your fos, ‘She will guard your body forever! (© good King, come wo your house Lund of Sais, come 1 Sas luis speak, she sys: Cae you hse come 10 your house,Good King, come to your house! Come. see your son Horus [As King of gods and ment He has conquered towns and nomes By the greatness of his glory! (10) Heaven and earth are on ae of him, “The Bowland isin dread of bim, ‘Your court of gods and men is his Inthe Two Lands, in doing your rts Your Two Sisters beside you libate to your k, Your som Horus presents you offerings Of bread, beer, oxen, and ov “Thoth recites your liurgy, And calls you with his spel “The Sons of Horus guard your body." And daily bles your fe ‘Your son Horus, champion of your name and your shrine, Makes oblaions to your he “The gods, with wate jar in their hands, Pour water to your ke Come to your courtiers, King our lord! Des not par from them! Now when this is recited the place ito be completely secluded, not seen and not heard by anyone except the chit lector priest ad the litem-pres. One shall bring two women with beautiful bodies. They ‘hall be made to ston the ground athe main poral ofthe Hall of ‘Appearings. On their arms shall be written the mames of Iss anc [Nephthys: Jars of Faience filed with water shall be placed in ther Fight hands, offering loaves made in Memphis in their left hands, ard their faces shall be bowed. To be done in the third hour ofthe day, leo in the eighth hour of the day. You shall not be slack in reciting this book in the hour of festival Tis Finished 2. Byimerting the name of te ower ofthe book, the emple rua ‘oF Os was made to apply co hs deceased SM Onna called the “tcopaitan beats of his sition with ‘he sumgod Re of Hetopai a PRRaaay 2 pone rendering of tr m25. In tha scion One vewed a a commie god mais in toth sun and moon. Hehas fest onthe sth ayo the una month anon the teenth ay shen he mn fll He aon apy. eur, ‘Nii mo nourhes the lind ‘6. "Djede and Anpet ate names of the town of Mendes, and Ht rmehyt te nome of Mendes, the Vth nome of Lower Egy 7 Obie as meanings othe oe le aoc, 1p. 44, chose “tomb and rendered, how whom the tomb) dese Tn ew of the preceding “iy bul” Iehinkw more key hat "harem" cr women of Ube Rare at meas Ryu the mame ofthe decent woman sintered her. ‘9. Othe aie sanctuary called “manson ofthe Bea p. 40.0.2 10, Nabi tn which the embalmed nner orguna were buried“THE STORIES OF SETNE KHAMWAS ar the fourth son of king Rae The howl Pre Kham had been hgh pie of Rahat Memphis sod int cps head been in charge he Memphie temples ad cmc, We a numberof jects nerd with a ame that He wes FE SStbaics ander ded reworerofsxted ommumens. In histctine eau aeuived fame ats ery eared sage. After hs death the pops IE imapnitim shaped hs stmory is tht of » powert magica [An the knowledge of is devon (othe examining tnd restoring of Foe the study of ancient works. These rat of characte. both fea and Imagined. proved the mtestions and mova he son and aden "tna which the Demos tals spun around hs name “The principal tle by wich he Metorcal Kharwas called inst wat tht of tempi of ian the Demo aes hei pee Thee or une and wed ir were perma nme, Hence cs: temary to cll the hero of thee Demat les Seine Khaw eter tothe wo stores about hm se Sete I and Horse ta I “The two ores ar preserved on wo iferenpopyt: and they rein facts yee rather than a sequence Tit 20 beatue the second ory ‘Sa of two dnc aes that have been lake togethers Further. ‘more there ex text fragment hae conn vartan and adn “pden Te Rist ory, Sinn J i presered in the Caro Museum Papa ‘a 30646 The papyas orgy od tx pages bat theft wo have ecm rnasay ane ea, parvo the meangeginning, or arnt De preserved on snather Cir Papyrus (Ne 80692) Thi agent ud relied fegmeniary txts have hot ben eluded Here The tex a Ste‘ writen in careful hand and te wring of Plemai dite I belongs tothe best period af Dem wrting and sre of ora thos and mispelings An unusual femsre ofthe papyron thatthe fnger ave surered swe ken hat exact pages ae rng {if tcginning The the page w damaged atthe bepning ofeach tne, he other tee pager arin od consiion, The second sry ef, Werten on the vo of the British Mu sm Papyrus No B04 The writing dates rom the Roman period ant ‘ares sounding nero and omsons. Here to, the beginning of ‘he papyrus lon but since the pager arena uimbere xn poe Ie fo Sy ust how mach = misung Large portions of what nom the page ae ao lack Theltorcs are remarEsble forthe color and vcdoes of thir narra sion In parla. the epuode of Seine and Tabubu tea maerpee of rite Seine Khumvasto poses a book of gic haha hen rite Inte pd Thoth hima The book had en aquired by Tore by Nurefeflapua's prince whe had ved long before Seine” who had ‘aa was ae andthe Heo hin it ds, When Sene ind Iti alte he ahs the pre, th power magne,136 Kien wear gen ee ‘Osire. There Setne witnesses the blewed existence of the just who find Que diggs: marneetimet tren ogi tot trey ttt een eh ee ere eee eae cae tae sry atte sie grin cron othe orp = unghie otis ge nd a ee ee rere mae ee ante eae sre orer greed em dae of ene a Sesotho a e ed potee sei cota. lea rege att Ea eT neo ean eine Saree eae eet etrpetopeedieree se ated ee mr rps as aera poll ate Pub: FL, Gri, be oft Hg Pict of Mop chien itn Ue Spy be ois De ot rien pe, Chabert Cie "vans 8. Gunn i B. Lewis, ed. Land of Els (Landon iota ante fa, ns fe eh ‘San eran: p. 15088 Seine ap Bish Museum 60 oe Pbnion 1, Glin, Sr of te High Pr of Mr ae "F tora bon enduen Lert. xc “Faminson Bonner taut Mien op WER, hes Letra pp. 68Comments o citer tle: H. Greamana, Va eihen Mann nd aren sora Abhandlungen der Berner Akademie der Wasenshafen, Snisopitach hatorache Klan 1918) No.7 (erkn, 1918) Mt pen ZAS, 67 (1081p 71-74. KT tauih, Emon, 1 S71, Be, Gils, Enchor,6(1978) 128, ‘On the hate! Prince Khamas F Goma, haem, Son Rama” 1 and ‘Heer om Mp, Agypologice Abhandngen, 27 (ietbaden 10), ‘Referens 0 adios ley puicion and he Sgn of ‘ted, and ste KT Zouch, Ener, 6 (1970), 79" 82. SETNE KHAMWAS AND NANEFERKAPTAH (SETNE 1) The lat ginning may be reconstructed flows: Prince Kamas, son of King Ramses i! and high priest of Pah at ‘Memphis, was avery learned scribe and magician who spent his ime inthe stady of ancient monuments and books. One day he was tld of theexstence ofa book of magic writen by the god Thoth hznself and hept in the tomb of a prince named Naneferkaptah (Na-neferka th), who ha lived inthe sane past and was buried somewhere in the vast necropolis of Memphis After long search, Prince Khamwat, ‘etompanied by his foster brother tnaros, found the tomb of Nax weferkaptah and entered t He saw the magic book, which radiated 2 Strong light, and tied to seize But the spits of Naneferkaptah anid I hie wife Ahwere rote upto defend ther cherished posesion, Ahwere and her son Menib were not buried inthis Memphite tm Init rather in distant Coptos, where they had let their ves. But the spirit of Ahwere was with her husband atthe erteal moment, nd slic now stood before Prince Khamvas and tld him how her husband tl acquired the magic book and’ how they had all paid for it with ‘cit ves She begins her story by relating that she and Naneferka- ‘tal had been brother and sister and the only children of a Pharaoh tied Mernebptah, They had loved each other very much and had ‘esnted to marry. But Pharaoh wished to marry his son to the "ngher of a general and his daughter othe son ofa general. I her ish hwere had asked the steward of PharaoWs place to plead ‘Pharaoh in her behalf. The steward had done so and Pharaoh Thal become silent and distressed. To the stewards question, why be se distressed, Pharaoh answered (ler eins the tary 0 page 3 of Be apr) 11 is you who distress me. Hit a0 happens that I have only two uidven, isi Fight to marry the one to the other? Twill marry ‘erupt othe eaughter ofa genera, and I willmarry Akwere heson anoles generals hat on any may inereasel™‘When the ime came forthe banquet tobe et before Pharaoh, they came for me and took me tothe banquet. But my heart was very sad nd I did noc have my former looks. Pharaoh said to me: “Abwere, ‘ras it you who sent to me with thore foolish words, "Let me marry [Naneferkaprah, my] elder [brother] ?" Tsai to him: "Let me marry the son ofa general, and let him marry the daughter of another general, so that our famiy may increase" 1 laughed and Pharaoh laughed! (6) [When the steward ofthe palace came] Pharaoh suid to him): ‘Steward, let Ahwere be taken to the house of Nanelerkapiah tonight, and let al sorts of beatiful things be taken with het. Twas taken asa wife to Use house of Naneferkapta [that night, and Pharaoh] sent me a present of silver and gold, and all Pharaohs hhousehold sent me presents Naneferkaptah made holiday with me, and he entertained sll Pharzoh's household. He slept with me tht fight and found me (pleasing. He slept with] me again and again. nd Wwe loved each other, "When my time of purification came I made no more purification” i seas reported to Pharaoh, and his heart war very happy. Pharaoh hhad many things taken [out ofthe treasury] and sene me presents of silver gold, and royal linen al very beautiful When my time of bear ing came, bore this boy who is before you, who was named Merb, He ‘was entered in the register of the House of Life {le so happened that) my brother Naneferkaptah [had no} occupa tion on earth but walking on the deser: of Memphis, reading the ings that were in the tombs af the Pharaohs and on the stele of the seribes of the House of Life! and the writings that were on (10) [the other monuments, for his zeal] concerning writings was very A Alter this there was procession in honor of Ptah, and Nanefe kaptah wentitothe templeto worship, As he was walking behind the procession, reading the writings on the shrines of the gods, fn old priest saw] him and laughed. Naneferkaptah sai to him: “Why av You laughing at me?” He sid: "I am not laughing at you. tam laugh {ng because you are reading writings that have-no [importance fr anyone). If you desire to read writing, come to me and | will hive you taken to the place where that book is that Thoth wrote with ix ‘wn hand, when he eame down following the other gods. Two spell are writen in it When you [ecite the fist spell you wl) charm the Sky. the earth, the netherworld, the mountains, and the waters. Yo will discover what all the birds ofthe sky and all the reptiles ave "Saying. You wll ee the fish ofthe deep [though there ae went se dlivine cubits of water] over [them]* When you recite the secon spl ie will pen that, whether you are in te neherworld rin ynform on earth, you wil see Pre 3 and the Moon tnt form of rit (15) [Naneferkapeah said to him]: “AS he (he king) lives tell me a ‘good thing that you desie, so that I may doit for you, and you Sead te tothe place where this book ia" “The priest said to Naneferkaptah: “If you wis to be sen (to the place where this book is] you must give me s hundred piece of ever for my burial and you mus endow me with wo prety spends ox 'Naneferkaptah called a servant and had the hundeed pieces of silver given to the pries. He added the two spends and had [the pret} endowed with them (tx free The priest sad to Naneferkaptah: “The book in question sin the ‘middle of the water of Coptos in a box of iron, In the box of iran i hhox of [eopper. In the box of copper i} a box of juniper wood. Inthe fox of juniper wood fa box of ivory and ebony. Inthe box of ory snd ebony i [box of silver In the box of silver] sa box of gold, and linitis the book [There are sit miles of serpents, scorpions, and all Kinds of reptiles around the box in which the book sad there (20) lim eternal serpent around) this same box” ‘When the priest had thus spoken to Naneferkapta, he didnot now where on earth he was. He came out of the temple he to [me sverything that had happened to him). He [sid] to me: "twill goto Coptos, wll bring this book, hastening back othe north again But | chided the priest, saying: "May Neith curse you for having tld rm ise {dreadful things! You have brought) me combat, you have inought me strife. The region of Thebes, 1 now find i [abhorrent] ‘il that T could with Naneferkaptah to prevent him from going ‘0 Captor, he didnot liken to me. He went to (Pharach and tld) Uharaoh everything chat the priest had sid to him, Pharaoh said to him: “What is that (you want)?” He sido hie 1. the ship of Pharaoh be given to me wth ts equipment. wil take \hwere [and her boy Meri] tothe south with me, Iwill bing ths Tonk without delay The ship of Pharaoh was given hin] with its equipment. We Inne it we set sal, we arrived (25) [at Copies) It (was announced) ‘nh priests ofl of Copts and the ciel priest of Iss. They came ‘mn to meet us, hastening to meet Naneferhaptah, and thet wives ‘ame doven to meet me. [We went up from the shore and went into} 1c temple of Iss and Harpocrates Nanelerkaptah sent for an OX, 3 ewe, and wine, He made burnt offering and bation before Ii of Cos and Harpocrates. We were taken to-a very beautiful howe [ide with ll good things ‘Ninerkaptah spent fone days aking boly with the press ofIsis of Coptos, and the wives ofthe priests of Isis made holiday with ime, When the morning of our Rfth day came, Naneferkaptah had Tnuch] pure [wax brought] vo him. He made a boat filled with is rowers and sailor. He rected 2 spell o them, be made them live, he fv them breath, he put them on the water. He filled the ship of Pharaoh with sand, he tied it tothe other boat), He fwent} on board, and T'sat above the water of Copts, saying: “I shal learn what happens to him He said to the rowers: “Row me wo the place where that book (30) iat" [They romed him by night] at by day. tn three day he reached i re cast sand before him, and 3 gap formed in the river. He found sx miles of serpents, scorpions, and all kinds of reptiles round [the place ‘where the book was. He found an eternal serpent around this Same bos. He rected 3 spel tothe sx miles of serpents, scorpions, ad all Kinds of reptiles hat were around the box, and did not et them come up. (He went othe place where] the eternal serpent was. He fought it and killed it Tecame co life again and resumed ts shape. He fought it Again, a second time, and killed ic came to fe again, He [fought again, a third) time, cut i in ewo pieces, and put sand between one plece andthe ozher. [It did] and ao longer resumed is shape ‘Naneferkaprah went tothe place where the box was (He found it was a box of] iron. He opened it and found a box of copper. He ‘pened itand found a box ol juniper wood, He opened itand found bbox of ivory and ebony, (35) [He opened itand found a box of silver He opened it and found a box of gold. He opened i and found the ‘book ini. He brought the book up out ofthe box of god He recited spell from st; [he charmed the skys the eatth, the ‘netherworid, the] mountains, the waters He dicovered what all the birds of the sky and the fish ofthe deep and the beasts ofthe desert, were saying. He rected another spell: he saw (Pre appearing in the ‘ky with his Ennead), and the Moon sting and the stars tn thei forms. He saw the hth of the deep, though there were twent-0m° divine bits of water over them, He recited 3 apll to the [water he made it resume its form). {He went on] board, he said to the rowers: “Row me back tothe place I came] rom.” They rowed him by night as by day He reached ‘meat the place where Iwas: he found me sting] above the water ol ‘Coptos, not having drunk nor eaten, not having done anything om earth, and looking ikea person who has reached the Good House” 1 said wo Naneferkaprah. (40) ("Welcome back Let me] see this bask for which we have taken these (great) pains!” He put the book int hanel recited one spell fom i: Tcharmed the sk. (41 the earth the hetherworld, themountana the waters Iicovered whatllthebiels‘of theshy and the fish ofthe deep andthe beasts were saying. recited “nother spell [saw Pre appearing in the sky with his Ennead. Lsaw the ‘Moon rising, and allthe stars of the sky in ther forms. Taw the Fish of the deep, though there were weny-one divine cubits of water over ‘hem ‘As Tcould not write—I mean, compared with Naneferhaptah? my’ Irother, who was. good seribe and very wite man—he had a sheet of thew papyrus brought tom. He wrote anitevery word that was nthe ho betore him, He soaked it in beer, he diaoived it in water. When, Ihe knew ital dissolved, edrank cand knew what had bce nit (@) We returned to Coptosthe same day and made holiday before Isis ‘nf Coptos and Harpocrate. We went on board, we aveled north, we reached a point six miles north of Coptos. Now Thoth had Tound out everything that had happened to aneferkaptah regarding the book, and Thoth hastened to reporttto ‘re, saying? "Learn of my night and my case against Naneferkapiah, ‘he son of Pharaoh Mernebptah! He went tomy storehouses he plundered it: he seized my box with my document. He killed my fan who was watching over itl” He was tld: "He is yours™ Iigether with every person belonging to him” They sent divine pnwer from heaven, saying: "Do not allow Naneferkaptah and any