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Sexual Reproduction in Animals
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
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Zygote: – The cell which is formed by fusion of male gamete & female gamete is called zygote
2n = no. of chromosemes.
Fertilization: – The fusion of a male gamete with a female gamete to form a zygote during
sexual reproduction is called fertilization. It gives rise to an embryo
It is of 2 types
Internal fertilization: - (occurs inside the female body – mammals, reptitis, birds)
External fertilization: - (occurs outside the female body – fish – amphibians)
Unisexual organisms: – The organisms which posses only one kind of reproductive organs
(male/female) in its body is called unisexual organisms.
e.g. Human beings, Frogs, Birds
Bisexual Organisms: – The organisms which posses both male & female sex organs in the
body are called Bisexual organisms/Hermaphrodites
e.g. Earthworm, Tapeworm, Leech, Starfish
They can behave both as a male & female.
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LECTURE NOTES – BIOLOGY STEPS … A T C Y P r og r am
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↑ O female body
O Male body +
Fertilization
Zygotic formation
embryo
foetus
newborn baby
Puberty
The age at which the sex hormones begin to be produced and the person becomes sexually
active/nature (gonad production starts) is able to reproduce is called puberty.
Puberty starts earlier in famels (10 – 12 yrs) than in males (13 – 14 yrs)
The tests produce male sex hormone Testosterone ovaries produce female sex hormone
Estrogen & Progestrone.
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LECTURE NOTES – BIOLOGY STEPS … A T CY Pr ogr am
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Cervix
vagina
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LECTURE NOTES – BIOLOGY STEPS … A T C Y P r og r am
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Seminal vesical
Urinary bladder
URETHRA
EPIDIDYMIS
TESTIS
Menarche: The beginning of menstruation at puberty is called menarche it sets in at the age of
puberty. It marks the beginning of reproductive life of a woman.
Menopause: The age at which the menstrucation stops & woman becomes intertile is called
menopause it occurs in woman at the age 45 – 50.
Fertilization in Humans
In humans, INTERNAL fertilization takes place. The sperms made in the tests of man are
introduced into the vagina of woman thru penis during copulation. Millions of sperms are
released into the vagina at one time. The sperms move up thru cervix into the uterus & from
there to the fallopian tubes.
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LECTURE NOTES – BIOLOGY STEPS … A T CY Pr ogr am
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One of the fallopian tubes contains an ovum released by the ovary during ovulation. Only one
sperm fuses with the ovum in the fallopian tube to form a ZYGOTE.
After the fertilization the woman it called pregnant. As soon as pregnancy begins, the
menstruation stops.
The Zygote (formed in the fallopian tubes), starts dividing rapidly & is called an EMBRYO which
gets embedded in the thick lining of uterus. This called IMPLANTATION.
The time period from the fertilization upto the birth of the body is called gestation. The
gestation period in humans is 280 day = 40 wks.
The process of the birth/moving out of baby thru birth canal is called PARTURITION/LABOUR.
↑
Vasectomy ( O )
4. IUCDs (Intra uterine Contraceptive Devices)
Copper – T
AIDS
A sexually Transmitted Disease.
Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
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LECTURE NOTES – BIOLOGY STEPS … A T C Y P r og r am
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6 STEPS____________________________________________________________
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