Joseph Jimenez, Jopet Tolentino

Engineers expertise places them in a unique position to monitor projects, to identify risks, and to provide clients and the public with the information needed to make reasonable decisions
Duties to experimental subjects
Rights of experimental subjects Assessment of risks and benefits of the experiment

The majority of responsibility lies with the experimenter

Jimenez, Tolentino

Conscientious
Must ensure the safety of human subjects by

respecting the subjects right of informed consent and by giving an opportunity to leave whenever possible Must anticipate the potential side effects/risks and must put sufficient effort in monitoring them Have autonomous, personal involvement in all aspects of a project Accept accountability for the results
Jimenez, Tolentino

 Respect for Persons Subjects should have the right to fully exercise their autonomy Beneficence Maximum benefits while having minimal risk to subjects Justice Describes the ideal distribution of risks and benefits to the whole community
Jimenez, Tolentino

Autonomy
participant is able to decide whether to accept or reject a

recommended procedure of the research

Confidentiality
refers to the obligation of researchers or investigators to safeguard

entrusted information of the participants

Anonymity
protection the identities of the participants

Respect for personal dignity and cultural values Informed Consent

an excellent way of showing respect for persons

Jimenez, Tolentino

Disclosure a potential participant must be informed to the fullest extent Understanding should be able to comprehend the information Voluntariness free of any coercion or promises of benefits Valid Consent permission from the participant is a must Competence should be competent enough to give consent vulnerable population
children, mentally challenged, pregnant women, minority groups, etc.

Jimenez, Tolentino

Researchers and investigators should not do harm to others Maximum benefit while having minimal risk to the participants Not doing harm to any individual is of higher priority than any benefit to others.

Fair selection of research participants describes the ideal distribution of risks and benefits Moral requirement
Equals should be treated equally

Gender/minority equity
Jimenez, Tolentino

holds paramount the health and welfare of the public

In some way command engineers to protect the environment

dedicated to improve the environment through following the principles of sustainable development in order to boost quality of life
Sustainable development - development that meets the needs of the

present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Complicated relationship to the environment

Design projects that destroy the environment Research to protect the environment Jimenez, Tolentino

Labelling of Waste
Chemical waste bottle should all have a label that

contains the date and its contents.

Storage of Waste
Dos and donts of storing waste

Separation of Waste
Do not mix incompatible waste

Taking Waste to Waste Storage Area

Waste container must have a proper label with start

date
Jimenez, Tolentino

Company ABC's research chemical waste is stored in a

warehouse at an off-site location. While inspecting the warehouse, engineer Scott Lewis notices several leaking drums. He calls Tom Treehorn, head of ABC's Division of Chemical Waste. Tom responds, "I'll be right over with a crew to bring the leaking drums over here." Scott points out that the law forbids returning chemical waste to the "home" site. Tom replies, "I know, but I don't have any confidence in the off-site folks handling this. We know how to handle this best. It might not be the letter of the law, but our handling it captures its spirit."
Jimenez, Tolentino

Scott believes that Tom Treehorn is serious about preventing environmental problems -- especially those that might be caused by ABC. Still, he knows that the Environmental Protection Agency will be upset if it finds out about Tom's way of dealing with the problem; and if anything goes wrong, ABC could get into serious legal difficulties. After all, he thinks, ABC is not a waste disposal facility.
What should Scott do at this point?
Jimenez, Tolentino

You are an environmental engineer for one of the many local plants. That plant discharges effluents into a lake in a flourishing tourist area. Although all the plants are marginally profitable, they compete for the same customers. Your responsibilities are to monitor the water and air discharges at your plant and the periodic reporting to Dept. of Anti-pollution. You have just prepared a report that indicates that the level of pollution in the Plants water discharges slightly exceed the legal limits.
Jimenez, Tolentino

Your superviso rsays you should regard the excess as a mere technicality, and he asks you to adjust the data so that the data appears to be in compliance. He says that slight excess is not going to endanger human or fish life any more than if the plant were actually in compliance. However he says, solving the problem would require a very heavy investment. He explains, We can not afford new equipments. It might cost even a few jobs. It will set us behind our competitors. Besides, he says that many of the competitors are doing the same and the bad publicity we would get might scare off some of the tourist industry, making it worse for everybody.
Jimenez, Tolentino

A researcher believes that breast cancer occurs only when a combination of inherited and acquired genetic mutations occur, and theorizes that biopsied breast tissue might be used to detect earlier pre-cancerous mutations that might help predict who is at increased risk of cancer. The scientist wants to use archived tissue samples and correlate them with later medical records indicating whether the person went on to develop breast cancer. The scientist wants to know whether certain early mutations are especially likely to predict later cancers, or alternatively whether the sheer number of mutations in key sites in the genome might be used as an index of risk.
Jimenez, Tolentino

Given the latency of breast cancer, the scientist prefers tissue at least ten to thirty years old, for which there is accurate and complete medical follow up. Unfortunately, at the time the tissues were obtained, informed consent for their use in research was either not asked at all, or was obtained through a very brief and general consent form. Neither researchers nor patients anticipated this kind of research when the tissues were gathered.
Jimenez, Tolentino