People Caravan - Bahasa Ingris

ASSERTING OUR RIGHTS TO LAND AND FOOD:
THE PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004 in INDONESIA
THE PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004 IN INDONESIA
D o c u m e n t a t i o n D o k u m e n t a s i
PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004 di INDONESIA
PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004 DI INDONESIA

HAK RAKYAT ATAS TANAH DAN PANGAN:
P E O P L E S C A R A VA N 2 0 0 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface - iii INTRODUCTION - 1 People's Caravan 2004 in Indonesia - 1 Main Theme: Assert Our Rights to Land and Food - 2 The Aims of the People's Caravan 2004 in Indonesia - 3 Organizations Involved - 3 What were the Activities of People's Caravan 2004 in Indonesia? - 3 CHAPTER I: PEOPLE'S CARAVAN 2004, WESTERN REGION KAMPOENG ORGANIC Ragunan Campground, Jakarta, 23-26 September 2004 - 5 The Seminar: Food and Land as Basic Rights - 6 Indonesian Farmers Day Action - 9 Seminar: A Healthy Life with Organics - 10 Discussion: Consolidation of Food Crop Farmers and Women's Issues - 11 Local Food System - 12 Training - 13 Arts Celebration - 15 CHAPTER II: PEOPLE'S CARAVAN 2004, CENTRAL REGION PEOPLE'S FESTIVAL FOR FOOD SOVEREIGNTY 2004 Solo, Central Java, 22-23 September 2004 - 17 The First Day - 17 The Seond Day - 20 Farmers Seminar, Session I - 20 Farmers Seminar: Session II - 21 Dialogue with Government - 22
CHAPTER III: PEOPLE'S CARAVAN 2004, EASTERN REGION Increasing Food Security through Strengthening Farmers to Face Globalization, Dompu, Nusa Tenggara Barat, 13-15 September 2004 - 25 Workshop: Building Food Security - 25 From Food Security to Food Sovereignty, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, 13-15 September 2004 - 28 Seminar and Public Discussion - 28 Seminar - 28 Public Discussion - 30 Exhibition, Seminar/Workshop on Civil Society, Food Sovereignty, and Fair Trade, Ende, East Nusa Tenggara, 23-25 September 2004 - 31 Seminar: A Look at Local Potential - 31 The View of Government on Civil Society, Food Sovereignty and Fair Trade: A Look at Policy - 32 Strengthening the People's Movement for Food Sovereignty - 32 Food Security, a Testimonial - 33 Fair Trade Versus Free Trade - 33 Strengthening Civil Society - 34 Food Sovereignty Workshop - 34 CLOSING - 37 Annex: List of Organization Involved in the Activities of PC 2004 in Indonesia - 38
PREFACE
This book documents the activities of the People's Caravan (PC) 2004 in Indonesia. PC 2004 activities in Indonesia took place in parallel in three separate places: Jakarta (Western Region), Surakarta, Central Java (Central Region), and East Nusa Tenggara and West Nusa Tenggara (Eastern Region). PC 2004 in Indonesia was part of PC 2004 activities in 13 Asian countries and four European countries. PC 2004 began in Malaysia on 1 September and took four different routes to its culmination in Kathmandu, Nepal on the 29th and 30th of September. In Kathmandu, representatives of all the countries holding caravan activities along with resource people from other countries gathered to continue the struggle for the International People's Convention for Food Sovereignty. PC 2004 addressed three sub-topics in dealing with its main theme of Assert our Rights to Land and Food: ! ! ! Get the WTO out of agriculture. Eliminate Pesticides and Genetic Engineering. Resist Agrochemical Trans-national Corporations.
These topics were addressed in PC 2004 activities in all countries. The goal of PC 2004 was to organize real actions that people, especially farmers, could support as a means to establishing genuine food sovereignty.
INTRODUCTION
People's Caravan 2004 in Indonesia

The People's Caravan for Food Sovereignty: Assert Our Rights to Land and Food was a grassroots-led mass mobilisation that took place in 13 Asian countries. PC 2004 aimed to raise awareness among various sectors of society on the key issues of Food Sovereignty. Another goal was to mobilise people towards advocacy and policy changing efforts at various levels on issues of WTO, Genetic Engineering (GE), Pesticides and Agrochemical TNCs. Food Sovereignty is the struggle for rights that have been ignored internationally in the movement to free trade and food security. These rights include: ! ! ! The right of people and their communities to determine their food and agricultural policy. The right of people to safe, nutritious and culturally appropriate foods. The right of farmers to means of production including land, water, seeds and other resources.
Food Sovereignty is based on gender justice as it recognises the role and contribution of women in agriculture. While Food Sovereignty is a fundamental right and to a degree enshrined in many international Conventions, the reality in many Asian countries is a different story. There are more than 500 million undernourished people in Asia and the Pacific. The majority of these people are themselves food producers, peasants and small-scale farmers. Yet, according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations, there is already more than enough food produced on the planet to feed its population. FAO admits that it is not the lack of food but a question of the poor not having access to food, land and resources. While there was the reaffirmation by FAO and governments at the World Food Summit +5 in June 2002 to halve the number of hungry in the world by 2015, current
assessments show that efforts to arrest hunger have come to a halt and meeting this target is unrealistic. Hunger and malnutrition are direct results of the trade liberalization. The structural adjustment programmes of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund that force indebted countries in Asia to liberalise their agricultural sectors are literally killing peasants, pastoralists, indigenous peoples, agricultural workers and fishing communities, women, children and other vulnerable sectors. Unless free trade and globalisation are reversed, the future of the hungry and malnourished will always be bleak.
Main Theme: Assert Our Rights to Land and Food

The main theme People's Caravan 2004 focused on the right of peasants, small scale farmers, and fishers to the access and control of land and productive resources such as seed, water, and technology. The lack of access to land is the fundamental problem of most peasants and small scale farmers in the Asia Pacific region.
Sub-Themes
The Caravan had three sub-themes that were highlighted throughout the Caravan: ! WTO Out of Food and Agriculture The undemocratic trade policies of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), particularly the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA), forcibly opened the vulnerable economies of most Asian countries. These policies have resulted in the demise of self-sufficient agriculture and food production in these countries. The Caravan campaigned for measures to remove food and agriculture from the control of the WTO. ! Eliminate Pesticides and Genetic Engineering (GE) The alarming rate of pesticide use worldwide and the introduction of GE in the corporate driven agriculture threaten the further erosion of the Food Sovereignty of underdeveloped Asian countries. The PC 2004 campaigned for the ban of GE and pesticides and raised awareness on how they threaten Food Sovereignty. ! Resist Agrochemical TNCs There has been a strong voice of resistance from Asian grassroots organisations to end the control of Agrochemical Trans-national Corporations (TNCs) in their countries. The Caravan highlighted the campaign to make these TNCs responsible for the crimes they have committed including human poisoning, destruction of the environment and exploitation of workers.
The Aims of the People's Caravan 2004 in Indonesia

The aims of PC 2004 in Indonesia included: ! Raising awareness amongst a broad range of People Organizations (POs) and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) in Indonesia on the key issues related to Food Sovereignty. Gathering broad support for the Convention on Food Sovereignty so that it can be brought before national governments and inter-governmental bodies. Consolidating and enhancing the network among organizations struggling to bring about food sovereignty. Building a strong broad network of People's Food Sovereignty advocates. Promoting and supporting Sustainable Agriculture Documenting the experience and lessons learned from the activities of PC 2004 in Indonesia in order to further strengthen the campaign for food sovereignty
! ! ! ! !
Organizations Involved
In Indonesia, 167 organizations consisting of POs and NGOs from across Indonesia participated in PC 2004. Local governments and parliaments, especially in the locations where the caravan activities were held, also took part in PC 2004. The resource people in this activity came from POs, NGOs, government and academia, representing the many sectors that are related to the issue of food sovereignty. There were also several resource people that represented regional organizations such as FIAN International and PAN Asia and Pacific.
What were the Activities of People's Caravan 2004 in Indonesia?

In September and October 2004, caravan activities were conducted in three regions spanning three time zones and over 2000 kilometres. The Western Region was located in Jakarta and activities were organized under the banner of People's Festival on Food Sovereignty: 'Kampung Organic'. PC 2004 took place in the Western Region from 23 September to 26 September . The Central Region was located in Surakarta, Central Java. The PC 2004 event was entitled People's Festival on Food Sovereignty and took place from the 22nd to the 23rd of September. In the Eastern Region PC 2004 were located in three sites in West Nusa Tenggara (Dompu and Ende) and East Nusa Tenggara (Kupang). The events took place from mid-September to early October. At each site seminars and workshops were held. Often recommendations were developed for local government related to food sovereignty. At every site signatures
were collected in support of the Convention on Food Sovereignty. Theatrical and musical activities allowed participants to take a break from the serious nature of their discussion. Several sites held cooking contests so that participants had a chance to taste many different local foods.
CHAPTER I
PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004 WESTERN REGION
KAMPOENG ORGANIC
Ragunan Campground, Jakarta, 23-26 September 2004
Suddenly the Ragunan Campground had been magically turned into a kampung. An area of around 2000 m2 had been filled with bamboo houses that gave the place the appearance of a small village. While the village felt truly rural just outside the campground were the noisy streets of Jakarta. You wouldn't have been wrong in calling the setting a village because this was the site of the People's Caravan 2004 Western Region event which was called Kampung Organic organized by Konphalindo. According to Tejo W. Jatmiko, the Executive Director of Konphalindo, Kampung Organic is an annual event, but for 2004 the group decided to join with the Western Region of PC 2004 in Indonesia to stage a combined and larger activity. This meant that for this year there were many more organizations involved including Nastari, Bina Desa, ELSPPAT (Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods), RMI (Indonesia Institute for Forest and Environment), and FIELD (Farmer Initiatives for Ecological Livelihoods and Democracy). The atmosphere in the village became richer still when music from all kinds of traditional instruments began to fill the air. The music makers were farmers who came from the villages of Gede, Pangrango, Halimun and Salak from Banten Province to the west of Jakarta. The music was the signal that the activities of Kampung Organic, PC 2004 Western Region were about to start. Calung Village Arts Group went from house to house in the village. Each house had been built by a participating group to present an exhibit. In front of each exhibit the Calung group would make comments about the exhibit. They didn't limit themselves to the serious side of the exhibits and were able to keep both exhibitors and observers laughing throughout their procession through the village of exhibits. Tejo commented that the arts of villagers are closely connected with farming. The
arts hold a special meaning for farming. His hope was to give city folks a chance to learn about these arts and rural culture. Tejo went on to explain that Kampung Organic was staged annually to allow organic producers and consumers to meet. This is an opportunity for the people of the city who consume organic products to learn about the problems of farmers. We are trying to build empathy among city people for farming and farmers. We want to tell people about organic farming which is both socially and environmentally friendly.
The music was the signal that the activities of Kampung Organic, PC 2004 Western Region were about to start.
As part of the opening ceremony of Kampung Organic, farmers exchanged seeds. This was a reminder to people, that food is a basic right and not primarily a business. The schedule for PC 2004 West included: exhibits, a seminar, canvassing for signatures in support of the Convention on Food Sovereignty, a tour de organic which included training and discussion about organic farming, observance of Indonesian Farmers' Day on 24 September, a children's art contest, and an organic rice cooking competition.
The Seminar: Food and Land as Basic Rights

A nation must give priority to food security because it is people with enough food that are able to participate in the social and economic development of that country.
The right to food is a basic human right and agriculture is a means to securing food. When this connection is understood it becomes clear that the two need to be guaranteed. The problem is that this knowledge has been lost in the priorities of politics and business. The arrogant collaboration between the modernized nations of the world and transnational businesses has promoted their desires and influence. That the people of developing nations have been victimized by this is no surprise. Farmers could be said to be the primary victims. Not only are they ignored by consumers, but they also lose out to the manoeuvres and influence of global capitalism.
Get the WTO out of Agriculture, was the theme for seminars in all PC 2004 sites in Indonesia. In Jakarta the seminar was facilitated by KOP WTO (Coalition of NGOs Opposed to the WTO) and KRKP (Peoples Coalition for Food Sovereignty) in collaboration with the PC 2004 event committee. The seminar was divided into two sessions. The first session presented the view from government and was made up of presentations by Benni Sormin from the office of the FAO Representative in Jakarta, Hermanto from BBKP and agrarian specialist Gunawan Wiradi from IPB (Bogor Agriculture Institute). The second session revealed the view of NGOs and included presentations by Roman from KOP WTO, Witoro and Tejo Pramono from FSPI (Federation of Indonesian Peasant Unions). The first session discussed the efforts of the government to ensure enough food for the people. Hermanto began by presenting the strategy of the government. The law, UU 7/1996, states that the government, in performing its functions, is responsible for providing for the food security of the nation. Basically, food security means that people are able to obtain a sufficient amount of healthy food. The issue of food security can be divided into three parts supply, distribution and consumption. Supply includes domestic production, food imports and the stocking of food to serve as a buffer against poor production or the inability to import food. In its efforts to guarantee food security the government faces several problems. Hermanto said that, obstacles include a continuing increase in the demand for food that grows at a greater rate than increases in the supply of food. Because of this it is necessary to import food. A problem that limits increasing food production is the continuing conversion of land from farming that ends in reducing the area able to be planted to food crops. Beni Sormin of FAO explained the background to food security. The idea of food security began with the World Food Summit of 1996 in Rome. The summit set a goal of reducing the then number of hungry people in the world, 800 million, by 50%. This goal was to be achieved by 2015. In Asia there are 500 million people without enough food. Of these people, 70% live in rural areas. Only national governments can overcome this problem. A nation must give priority to food security because it is people with enough food that are able to participate in the social and economic development of that country. So that World Food Summit targets can be attained, Beni appealed for the creation of an alliance of government, private groups, religious groups, NGOs, donors and policy makers. The mission of FAO is to lessen the dangers to food security in rural areas while. The strategy of FAO is to work with member countries to eliminate hunger and poverty. FAO assists in the making of rules and policies related to agriculture, fisheries and forestry. FAO works for a continued increase in the supply of food and the development of appropriate technologies for food, agriculture, fisheries and forestry. While working to strengthen the livelihoods of rural people, FAO also tries to increase access for farmers to resources. Finally, FAO works to increase the access of marginal groups to sufficient and healthy food. Gunawan Wiradi from IPB said that food insecurity is a result of the confused thinking of government over the years. A clear sign of this confusion is the lack of attention of the government to the fate of the farmer who is in the midst of a social economic system that is unjust. To realize agrarian reform there are several pre-
conditions among which is the commitment of government towards achieving such a reform. Another necessary condition is the separation of the business elite from the political elite in the country. During the second session of the seminar, presentations examined the threat of international trade bodies to food sovereignty. Food sovereignty is a necessity especially if the impact of the loss of food sovereignty on national sovereignty is considered. This potential negative impact on national sovereignty has been the reason that many countries have strengthened their food systems so that there would be a stable supply of food for their people. The idea of a stable supply of food has engendered several concepts related to food supply. In Indonesia, the government refers to stable food supply as food security. The concept of food security has sown confusion and disorder among countries producing food that are members of FAO. Unfortunately, when it becomes acceptable to ensure a stable food supply no matter the origin of the food, the concept bears a heavy nuance favouring business. Food security policies opened the door for WTO to formulate trade rules concerning agriculture. The most recent case in which developing countries lost out to WTO manoeuvres occurred in July 2004 with the issuance set of rules. According to Rohman Lendong of KOP WTO the July Package is another step backwards for developing countries. Before July 2004, governments of developing countries could defeat an agreement by simply refusing to agree. As an international body, the WTO could not proceed. However, developed countries did not accept this situation and put forward an offer that trapped developing countries which was agreed upon by the developed countries. WTO policies that weaken developing countries include those related to domestic subsidies, export competition and access to markets. In the context of subsidies there are three categories: yellow, or those subsidies that disrupt markets and thus aren't allowed; blue, or subsidies that are allowed because they have not been proved to be disruptive to markets; green, subsidies that are clearly not going to disrupt markets such as research, pest control and infrastructure development. There is nothing to keep a country from moving its subsidies from one category to another and the capacity for poorer countries to provide subsidies for research, pest control and infrastructure development is extremely limited. They can't compete with developed countries. Policy related to market access has hurt developing countries because the graduated formula for import tariffs assures that large tariffs are cut more significantly than smaller tariffs. The implication for food sovereignty is that domestic markets are being placed within the control of agribusiness. Governments are no longer allowed to subsidize farmers. Subsidies are thought to disrupt markets. Only 10% of total production in a country can receive subsidies. As a result farmers are no longer protected. Witoro of KRKP thinks that it is necessary to inform farmers about international issues that are going to threaten their farming. In line with this, Tejo Promono of FSPI said that it was important to prepare farmers concerning these issues as farmers have to be in the front line of any movement concerning food sovereignty.
Indonesian Farmers Day Action

Around 500 people among them farmers, activists and students gathered on 24 September to observe Indonesian Farmers Day. They celebrated the day with a demonstration demanding agrarian reform and that the WTO stop mixing in affairs related to food. The demonstration took place at the Badan Pertanahan Nasional (National Land Board, BPN). The demonstrators were not able to enter the building. They wanted to have a discussion with the head of BPN. Lutfi Nasution, the head of BPN, agreed to a dialog, but only with representatives of the group, not the whole group. The farmers rejected this offer as they all wanted to speak directly with Lutfi Nasution. They left BPN, but before leaving they left a reminder of their visit. The demonstrators placed small change, seeds and plants at the threshold of the door to the BPN building. This was done as a symbol of the demonstrators' desire that BPN officers not be tempted by money but take the side of farmers and the people. The demonstrators then went to Istana Merdeka, the official residence of the President. Here demonstration participants made speeches about issues that have weakened the position of farmers: land, clean water and markets. Besides farmers, representatives of PANAP and FIAN made speeches. Sister Nida Pinida, a Filipina representing FIAN, spoke in support of the demonstration. Sister Nida said, This action and the movement in Indonesia are contributing to the international struggle for sovereignty of the people over their food and land. The danger threatening agriculture arises from WTO and the greed of transnational businesses that have made food their major business. Pinida also spoke of the danger of genetic engineering to food. She said trans-nationals are looking for big profits while neglecting problems of health and ecology. Susan Loone of PANAP said that the lives of farmers across developing nations are
WTO Out of Food and Agriculture!
relatively the same. Because of this it is important to struggle together as a network of peoples so that demands about improving the life of farmers carry more weight.
Seminar: A Healthy Life with Organics

In the 18th century chemists were often said to be doing un-holy work. If we look around now we might give more credit to that idea. The idea is even more credible based on the presentations made be several of the participants in the seminar on organic food as the basis of a healthy life. Dr. Amrullah of World Family Doctors said that there is a trend towards decreased intelligence among children whose diets are based on processed foods that make use of chemicals. Amrullah cited research that found that intelligence among a group of children eating chemically processed foods is 35% less than among children five years ago. Chemicals enter food in two ways. The first is while food is being grown. In this case agro-chemicals such as those used in producing fertilizers enter plants. Another means related to food production is via genetic modification, especially in the case of transgenic plants where the genes of two different types of plants are brought together in one plant. The second way that chemicals enter our food is during its processing. Amrullah said that there are some foods made entirely from chemicals with no trace of any kind of plant. These foods are popular because they are often cheap. However, the long-term costs are often dear. Over time these foods lead to lessened resistance to illness. Dr. Riani Susanto also contributed to the seminar. She said that our bodies are being bombarded with all kinds of chemicals. Modern life means that our bodies must put up with pollution, chemical additives, stress and food that is not healthy. The result is, in keeping with the times, that our bodies must put up with all kinds of illness that vary from the hardly noticeable to drastic. One of the causes of ill-health is the increasing concentration of chemicals in our bodies. Mrs. Bibong, a housewife who puts into practice an organic lifestyle, spoke about ways to limit our intake of chemicals. She said that there were many ways and among them is an organic lifestyle. There are simple ways to begin living a lifestyle that is more organic. When shopping bring your own shopping bag and put your vegetables directly in the bag rather than using plastic bags. We can also use a range of natural products to replace chemical products. For example, take several pieces of cinnamon, wrap them in a thin piece of paper and put the packet in your cupboards or drawers rather than using camphor. Cinnamon can also be used as an air freshener in your rooms. Lime water can also be used to rooms in your house. Melly Manuhutu added to the discussion on organic food. She spoke about several of her experiences that raised her awareness about the threat of chemicals to our bodies. Among them she had a miscarriage because, according to her doctor, she ate too much food with chemical additives. This caused her to open an organic food stall. She sells several different kinds of organic foodstuff. I am doing this to give people a choice so that they eat healthily.
Discussion: Consolidation of Food Crop Farmers and Women's Issues

Consolidating farmers of food crops is truly important for the food sovereignty movement. The New Order created a culture of silence among farmers which did not encourage creativity; rather farmers were encouraged to follow their government nominated leaders. This atmosphere encouraged farmers to become modern by using the full package of chemical inputs made available to them via government subsidized programs. This is one reason farmers are reluctant to try organic farming. They believe it to be less efficient and more difficult than simply purchasing inputs such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers and applying them as needed. This point was raised during the discussion on consolidation of farmers growing food crops. Farmers from the region of Halimun Mountain provided an interesting case related to organic farming (see box: Farmer Sovereignty through Nature Conservation). These farmers do not rely on chemical inputs. Farming is not simply production of a commodity for them; it has a cultural and social aspect that they value more highly than simply crop production. The concept of food sovereignty is reflected in the everyday lives of these people. Life is guided by tradition and the green revolution was rejected by these farmers because it conflicted with the principles upon which these farmers base their lives. The discussion on women's issues revolved around how women have become second class creatures. Titi Suntoro said that role of women in farming is equally important to that of men. There is no reason for men to assume that their role is more important than that of women and condemn women to a lesser place in the world.
There is no reason for men to assume that their role is more important than that of women and condemn women to a lesser place in the world.
Local Food System

The issue of local food systems was quite apparent during PC 2004. Many of the exhibits in Kampung Organic concerned the concept of local food systems. Groups whose exhibits dealt with local food systems included: Yayasan Katur Nagari, KSM Tri Manunggal, Kapala/Kehati (Yogyakarta), IPPHTI (Indonesian IPM Farmers Association), Bina Desa, and Konphalindo (Indonesian Consortium for Nature and Forest Conservation). These groups feel the concept of local food systems could be the answer to many of the problems concerning food and to furthering the struggle for food solidarity. Local food crops are crops that are natural to an area and easily accessible to people who live in that area. The policies of the government have resulted in rice becoming the basic food in most areas of the country and marginalizing traditional basic foods. This marginalization has been exacerbated by international trade policies that the government has accepted. Many popular imported foods rely on materials that have their
Farmer Sovereignty through Nature Conservation

In the era of globalization where farmers often find themselves in a position of increased dependency, there is a story from a remote area in Indonesia that shows how farmers can be in control of their lives. The farmers from Halimun Mountain have maintained a steady independence from the rush to modernity, choosing instead to live and farm in an ecologically sustainable manner. Halimun Mountain is located in Lebak District of Banten Province, about 100 kilometres southwest of Jakarta. These people still maintain their traditional culture. The continuation of these traditions may give the appearance that their lifestyle is impoverished. But in truth, they
want for little. They survive with li tt le in te rv en ti on fr om or dependence on the outside world. Their main livelihood is farming and they produce enough healthy food to fulfil all of their needs. What is the secret of their success? Adul Siwono (34 years old), a farmer from Citoreh Village, Naga Kampong, of Lebak District said, We are able to survive from the farming activities because we follow the Kasepuhan (older leader) and have rejected the Green Revolution in our villages. This rejection is based on principles arising from our culture. Adul continued, We have a principle called Mother of the Earth, Father of the Sky, which encourages us to conserve all of things in the earth. If we were to misuse one component of the earth the balance of the ecosystem would be destroyed. In Adul's community the forest is
divided into three parts, each with a separate role. The three forest sections are known as the Hutan Titipan (Leuwe ung Titipan, or Reserved Forest), Hutan Tutupan (L eu we un g Tut upa n, Cl os ed Fore st), and Huta n Gara pan (Leuweung Garapan, Farmed Forest). Leuweung Titipan is the area in the forest that cannot be exploited. The Leuweung Titipan is usually found at higher elevations in the mountain. Leuweung Tutupan is the forest area that is allocated for housing and farming areas in the future (awisan). The moving of housing in this area is based on a message received by the Abah (cultural leader/sesepuh girang of the Kasepuhan Community). Moving houses around this area is usually done on a cycle of 30 to 40 years. During this cycle, they allow land to ecologically recover its natural capacity to support the people. In
origin in foreign countries. The fear is that a weak demand for local food will lead to a weakening of food sovereignty. There has already been a rapid rise in food imports to Indonesia and many have displaced local foods. According to the co-ordinator of KRKP , Witoro, the trade policies of the government have not been very effective because they have made an issue out of food security. This means that they don't care about the origin of food or how that food is produced. He went on to say that, By 1994 Indonesian food exports had a positive net value of US $ 418 million. This changed so that by the end of the decade Indonesian food imports annually out-stripped exports by one billion dollars. Awareness of the realities concerning food sovereignty has resulted in many NGOs working to return local food to a position of centrality in rural areas. One example is Warto Utamo and KSM Tri Manunggal (see box: It's not cool to eat local food.).
Training
PC 2004, Kampung Organic, included training and education activities. ! Making organic repellents. Sudirman of RACA Institute facilitated this training. He said that organic repellents could protect the health of an ecosystem. One repellent that the RACA Institute has developed makes use of mujair fish. This repellent is useful in eggplant and other crops. To make the repellent take three kilograms of fresh mujair and put it in a plastic
the hutan Tutupan, people can enter and use the forest to meet their ordinary needs such as collecting fire wood, cutting wood for building houses, cutting rattan and damar wood, and harvesting fruits, root crops, herbal plants and fibre crops. Culturally, to cut the trees in this area requires permission from the cultural leader (called Kokolot). There is a requirement for cutting trees in this area; if you cut one tree, you should plant a new one. Leuweung Garapan is the forest area that is used for the farming activities of the people (rice fields, dry land or gardens). Management of the farming areas is decided by the Abah. Management of the area follows a rotation system based on a cycle that allows land to be fallow for at least three years. In certain areas, they cannot farm the same plot in successive seasons. These areas called Huma Serang (holy
fields). Adul said that, the farming activities in my area are not contaminated yet with modern farming practices that rely on a lot of chemical inputs. Some people have tried these products, but the results did not fulfil their needs. The people who tried using chemicals didn't want to use them again. They returned to the traditional farming culture that has proven to be successful here. In this era of intensive promotion of high yielding seeds these people have continued to plant their local seed. Their variety requires a longer growing period than high yielding varieties. This means that in most cases they only plant rice once a year. However, this single crop is enough to meet their needs for a full year. Communities in the Halimun area are unique in this era where
material needs tend to be the main concern of people. They farm to meet their needs. If they find that they have an excess they will sell what they do not need. In my village there are no food stalls. Anyone who visits will be served food. We believe that food is not supposed to be sold. The people of the Halimun area have achieved food sovereignty. They don't depend on imported things. They carefully manage the resources available to them to the benefit of their community. They have self-sufficiency and dignity even though they may have to suffer being called old fashioned. These people have maintained their traditional ways and serve as an example to the modern human beings living in modern cities who are rapidly discovering that they cannot sustain their modern lifestyles and live in good health with dignity.
bag. Allow this to sit for three days. Boil the rotted fish in two litres of water for two hours and then strain. The water can be sprayed directly on plants. Sudirman also showed how to make a bio-decompser. ! Fertilizer based on rabbit manure. Rohaji explained the steps in making liquid fertilizer from rabbit manure. Requirements include sawdust, a bucket, hot water and rabbit manure. If this fertilizer is sprayed at a rate of four ml per litre of water it can be used on both leaves and root areas. Maximizing small spaces. Yudha Kurniawan from the Nature School spoke about using small spaces, especially city yards, as gardens. These gardens have an economic value as the produce obtained can offset household expenditures on vegetables or produce can even be sold. Yudha reminded listeners of the need for compost and the lack of need for chemical pesticides. For him what was important was that the land received lots of tender loving care. Fertilizer from household waste. Ibu Bambang spoke about making compost from household wastes. She said that waste from cleaning vegetables as well as leftovers could be used in making compost. The important thing is that those things that can decompose are separated from those things that can't decompose. This
It's not cool to eat local food.

Warto Utamo, a 65 year old resident of Gunungkidul District in Yogyakarta, is the leader of an effort to rid his area of the epithet difficult to grow food. Gunungkidul has been branded over the last 40 years as a place where it is hard to grow rice and people are in a constant state of hunger. According to Warto this is a result of government policy which made rice the primary food crop of the nation. Whether appropriate or not, all land was turned into rice land. And the news that people in the district were hungry began to be heard. Actually, this should have come as no surprise as the ecology of the area is not generally suitable to rice production. The district is dry for most of the year. Knowing how unfit rice was to local conditions, Warto and his group, KSM Tri Manunggal, were stimulated into bringing back local food crops that were more suitable environmentally. For several years the group has been experimenting to try to enhance the quality of traditional local crops. They have received support from NGOs such as Kapala and Kehati. This support has increased the motivation of Warto and his group to come up with good quality local food crops. Crops that they have been working on include several types of tubers and taro, breadfruit, corn and sorghum. Warto and KSM Tri Manunggal have been able to get local grade schools to add materials about local foods to their curricula. It's important to the raise the awareness of children about our local food crops so that they won't say that it's not cool to eat local food.
means separating plastics and other things that can't decompose from organic materials. ! Re-cycling paper. Students from National High School 34 in Jakarta talked about re-cycling paper. They cited both an economic and ecological value in doing so. The group of students collected paper from waste bins and their school yard. The result of their efforts was a clean and attractive school yard and money in their pockets from selling the paper for re-cycling. Remembering the farmer: a drawing contest. Children from age four to 10 who were at the village were brought together and divided into three groups based on age. Kindergarten aged children engaged in a colouring contest. Children from primary school classes 1-3 and 4-6 were divided into two groups and were engaged in a drawing contest. The goal of the contest was to help children increase their appreciation of the environment and farmers.
Arts Celebration
The closing for PC 2004 in Jakarta was given over to a celebration of the arts entitled From Us to the Earth. Groups of children of various ages from three groups, Dilts Foundation, Sangar Halimun and Sangar Akar presented poetry, songs, and drama to increase the watchers' awareness of the environment. The children from Sanggar Halimun read poetry accompanied by the calung, a traditional musical instrument. One of their poems, The Poetry of the Land, told the story of the destruction of the land by humans. Young people from the Dilts Foundation, an educational centre for street children, presented music, theatre and songs. They presented a piece called Trash Music based upon how they felt about seeing trash everywhere. Their instruments were made from discarded cans, biscuit tins and large plastic water cooler jugs.
CHAPTER II
PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004 CENTRAL REGION
PEOPLES FESTIVAL FOR FOOD SOVEREIGNTY 2004

Solo, Central Java, 22-23 September 2004
The People's Movement for Food Sovereignty 2004 in Surakarta (also known as Solo) took place over two days at the Kasunanan Palace Exhibition Hall. Over 200 people from six provinces attended the People's Festival for Food Sovereignty 2004. Participants represented the stakeholders involved in the agriculture sector including farmers, agriculture officials, local and international NGOs, local government officials, legislators and media. Activities over the two day period included: a farmers' seminar, exhibition, farmers' technical meeting, local food cooking contest, a testimonial, cultural show, a dialog with government and canvassing for signatures for the Convention on Food Security.
The First Day

The festival was opened by the organizing committee, members of LSM Gita Pertiwi, Solo, who presented the goals and agenda of the festival. The mayor of Surakarta's representative, Praja Suminta, made a welcoming speech. The speech, which was written by the mayor, made clear that the mayor thinks it important that development concerning food focus on supply and diversity. As well, development activities should harmonize the interests of stakeholders. The opening was followed by a seed sharing ceremony. Farmers representing many regions across Indonesia were present. They had brought seeds of local crops. The seeds were exchanged as a symbol that seeds are the basis for food production and farmers have the right to develop and obtain seeds as they see fit. The patenting of seeds or varieties should not be allowed.
The ceremony was followed by the testimony of Mr. Solikhin. Solikhin is a farmer from West Java. He described the struggle that he and his friends have taken on to retrieve lands that they had farmed from the government. This struggle saw government using violence against farmers to quell their protests. The testimonial was followed by a seminar focused on food sovereignty. Five participants took part in the seminar, a farmer, an expert on local culture, representatives from two NGOs, and a representative of an international NGO. Each speaker looked at food sovereignty through the lens of their topic. !
We have rights to the seeds we plant.
the traditional Javanese farming system, the development of local food systems, the access of women to food, the rights of farmer's and agrarian reform, the development of alternative forms of agriculture.
! ! ! !
We must push the government to accommodate traditional farming systems...
Gusti Puger of Kasunanan Palace is an expert on local culture and traditions. He feels that food sovereignty is a difficult problem for farmers because of changes related to the environment. The start of the rainy season has become difficult to predict. This causes farmers many problems as most of them depend upon the rainy season for water. In Javanese culture farmers determined the appropriate time for planting rice based on pranata mangsa. Pranata mangsa refers to the change from the dry season to the wet season and planting to avoid damage to the rice crop. Pranata mangsa was tied to both seasonal change and the farming systems that farmers used. Unfortunately the government today has not given attention to how culture connects with agriculture. Farming today is not based on the seasonal cycle. We must push the government to accommodate traditional farming systems in future policy and projects.
Next, Mrs. Nina, of Mitra Solidaritas Perempuan (Women's Solidarity Partners), said that women are the key to food sovereignty. Women are the spear point of food sovereignty. Women must be involved in both the management and carrying out food sovereignty. Because of this the rights of women to access and manage land must be guaranteed. Women have shown that they have the skills to manage food for both their families and society. Mrs. Sugiyem, a farmer from Ngawi District, said that food sovereignty must begin with the establishment of local food systems. The principles of food sovereignty can be realized if farmers are empowered to determine the management strategy for an agriculture system. Farmers must be free to develop local knowledge along with a local farming system as this is the basis of a sustainable agriculture. They must have the right to develop local farming policy including the determination of what they will plant based on local potential. People must also have the right to determine what they will eat and how much. Women must have equal rights and an equal role in decision making for a given farming system. Finally, food sovereignty will only be realized if people work together as a group to make it happen. Tedjo Pramono from FSPI said that agriculture development in Indonesia has not increased the welfare or economic status of farmers. In fact, just the opposite has happened; many farmers have ended up poorer than they once were. Farmers have become 'coolies' on their own land because production factors are controlled by business. Among many things, the Green Revolution, the failed agrarian revolution, the disappearance of farmer innovations, the loss of ownership by farmers of their land, have resulted in a continuing threat to farmers livelihoods. What we have to do is fight for the human rights of farmers and their rights to land, water, information, and markets. Food sovereignty in Indonesia continues to be held up by many things. Green Revolution practises, free trade policies, government policies are some of the obstacles. But these obstacles can also be found in other countries. Ms. Vicky Lopez of SIBAT , Philippines said that similar conditions exist in the Philippines. The Philippines are an agrarian country. There are abundant fertile soils and strong agriculture in both high and low lands. But the Green Revolution changed things. The Philippines is now a net importer of food and farmers are dependent upon agrochemicals. This has caused a variety of problems among rural people. Local seeds have disappeared. A significant portion of the people has low quality diets, especially women, children and marginal groups. The livelihoods of farmers must be enhanced. One alternative that is now being promoted is sustainable farming systems. In the afternoon a farmers' technical meeting was held and a local food cooking contest took place. The technical meeting was a forum for the exchange of experiences and information focused on farmer technical innovations and the results of farmer field research. Issues that were discussed included: ! ! ! Organic fertilizer made from cow urine Food from tuber crops Weeding in rice crops
Community-based radio The women's movement and food sovereignty
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The food contest presented local foods from the regions represented by the many groups attending the festival. The food was judged by a formal jury and by participants in the festival. In the evening an arts presentation took place. Groups presented dramas and traditional entertainments from their regions.
The Seond Day

Farmers Seminar, Session I
The first session was made up of three presentations by farmers from Central Java and South Sulawesi. The three presentations all dealt with problems that arose because of the activities of businesses, local and international. Mr. Rahmat is a farmer from Bulukumbu District in South Sulawesi. He spoke about the issue of genetic engineering. The problem began with the entry of Monsanto to Bulukumbu District. Monsanto had the support of district government. Monsanto was promoting a transgenic variety of cotton which they claimed had exceptional yields. It turned out that it wasn't as lucrative a deal for farmers as was promised. The farmers were promised Rp 4.000,- per kilogram of cotton. They received Rp 700,-. The farmers were also forced to buy pesticide from Monsanto. Credit supplied by Monsanto also failed to meet farmers' expectations. Given these problems we organized against Monsanto. In the end, Monsanto left Bulukumbu. However, we aren't sure of the status of Monsanto in Indonesia today. (At the time of this writing, January 2005, Monsanto was fined US $ 1 million for bribes that it paid to government officials to support its activities in South Sulawesi.) Ari from KOMPOS (Yaouth Supporting Sukoharjo Farmers) described how farmers can be hurt in
Farmer technical meeting and arts presentation.
what they thought was an equable relationship with a business. In Sukoharjo District of Central Java farmers entered into a contract with a local business to produce ginseng. It turned out that the contract, while profitable for the business, caused economic distress among the farmers. Once Ari and his group looked over the contract they determined to work with the farmers to come up with a more equable arrangement. They went about advocating for a better contract. To do this they involved farmers, the NGO, a legal expert and academics. Mr. Mashadi is a farmer from Brebes District, Central Java and leader in IPPHTI (Indonesian IPM Farmers Association). Mashadi made a presentation about why and how he and his group fought to lessen pesticide use in Brebes. First the group conducted a survey to determine how much pesticide was being used in their district. They discovered that farmers applied over 690 tons of pesticides each year without any controls. There was considerable promotion to sell pesticides. One pesticide formulator was very active. They got the extension field worker to promote their product. Farmers who purchased a given amount of pesticide were given prizes. Prizes went to kiosks who sales exceeded a given amount. The survey found that both unlabeled pesticides and pesticides that had been banned were sold. The group also found that many of the farmers who were applying pesticides had experienced signs of pesticide poisoning. To counteract the efforts of the sellers of pesticides IPPHTI engaged in its own promotion practises that are more environmentally friendly, most notably IPM. The group organized extension efforts using members to teach other farmers about IPM. They established a biological agent production centre to provide farmers with environmentally neutral agents that could protect their crops. They organized a dialogue with the district parliament to enlist their support in reducing pesticide use. Finally, the group organized a media campaign to tell people of the dangers of pesticides to the environment and to people.
Farmers Seminar: Session II

The speakers for second session were from regional organizations and presented a more global perspective concerning food sovereignty. Ms. Rosmaah Ismail from FIAN International discussed the Convention on Food Sovereignty and how it could help to leverage policy that involves peoples' rights concerning food and
The presentations all dealt with problems that arose because of the activities of businesses, local, and international.
hunger. The convention would focus on issues related to sustainable farming, the rights of people to farm with guaranteed access to seeds and land. Ms. Vicky Lopez from SIBAT talked about how sustainable farming was an important alternative for the future of agriculture. Sustainable agriculture is not simply a collection of farming practises, but also includes an intensive knowledge of local agroecosystems. Vicky said, Most importantly, farmers must own their land so that they can control and develop their own farming. Sister Nida Pinida of FIAN said, the Convention on Food Security has to be supported by all people's movements. Such support would end in strengthening the rights of people at both the national and international levels.
Dialogue with Government

The session brought together various government agencies and people's organizations to discuss what strategic steps can be taken to realize food sovereignty. Wahyudi, Head of Plantation and Forestry Services, Sragen District, said that in Sragen they are working to develop organic agriculture. The tendency to use agrochemicals in agriculture has made them aware that it will be important to organize a movement to expand organic farming in the district. He thinks that there is the opportunity for increased profits for farmers' as organic produce commands a higher price. His office is also handling post-harvest issues with the intention of empowering farmers. These activities should enhance the economy of farmers. Sragen District has also organized a regional business with the intention of shortening the marketing chain. This should trim farmers' marketing costs and ultimately result in increased incomes for farmers.
Over 200 people from six provinces attended the People's Festival.
Baroto Susetyohadi, Head of the Food Security Sub-section, Boyolali District, thinks it important to bring all interested groups together to work on development together. Not only is the government concerned about development, but there are people's organizations, NGOs, farmers and others that are concerned about development. In Boyolali agriculture development has been carried out in a collaborative manner. Beginning in 2003 this collaborative effort has included local government, members of the legislature, NGOs and farmers. T.O. Suprapto, General Co-ordinator of IPPHTI said, farmers are no longer in control of their own lives. Farmers have lost control over the natural resources that they require for farming. For example if farmers want seed or fertilizers they have to go buy them; they are unable to produce them. However, it is farmers and only farmers who can solve their problems. And a network among farmers is important to helping them solve their problems. Farmers need to be able to weave a communications net among them and join hands so that they become the subject of development not the object. IPPHTI has developed a wide range of activities such as producing organic fertilizer, rice breeding, soil ecology, field research, SRI and health studies in an effort to build a network that includes all farmers. Throughout the two days of the festival signatures to the Convention on Food Sovereignty were collected.
Newspaper coverage
CHAPTER III
PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004 EASTERN REGION
In the eastern region PC 2004 took place at three different sites: Dompu, Kupang, and Ende.
Increasing Food Security through Strengthening Farmers to Face Globalization

Dompu, Nusa Tenggara Barat, 13-15 September 2004
Workshop: Building Food Security

PC 2004 activities in Dompu District ran from 13 to 15 September. The event was organized by a committee made up of NGOs from the VECO network: YBC Dompu, LPMP Dompu, Sambirio Dompu, LP2DER Bima, Yayasan Madafaku Dompu and LPSM Bima. Participants included farmers, NGOs, and local government officials. The workshop was opened by the head of Dompu District who was represented by Mr. Saladin, Head, Food Security Office, Dompu. According to the head of the organizing committee, Ismail H. AB, the workshop was held to try to clarify and reject policies of the WTO that have been harmful to the people of Indonesia and the world. Because of this, one of the activities of the workshop was the canvassing for signatures to the Convention on Food Sovereignty. The goal of the workshop was to open the eyes of participants concerning the position of Indonesian farmers and agriculture vis a vis global pressures. The workshop began with four presentations to help generate ideas among participants. Topics presented included:
Agriculture Development Policy in Dompu District, by Alwi, Agriculture Services, Dompu District Examining Food Sovereignty in the Era of Globalization, by Petrus Sarijo (Lesman) Food Sovereignty Development Strategy in Dompu, by Edyson and Yuliadin (Forsip) Developing a Strategy, by Yuliadin
According to Alwi the status of food security in Dompu is relatively safe. This is based on a comparison of the area devoted to agriculture with the total population of the district. The problem is that the incomes of farmers are relatively low. This is because production costs are high. Because of this district government has adopted a policy for agricultural development that focuses on agribusiness. The vision is to develop a strong and efficient modern farming sector in which farmers are positioned as small scale business people. Petrus Sarijo began by presenting statistics related to poverty in Indonesia. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics, in 2003, 37.3 million people were poor (18.2 % of the population). Of this number 36.7 % lived in urban areas and 63.3 % lived in rural areas. People in poverty are also hungry. Poverty is a result of international policy as well as national policy. In agriculture, food falls into the commodities that are governed by the WTO within the context known as the Agreement on Agriculture. This agreement eliminated subsidies for agriculture, lowered import tariffs among food crops to zero, decreased the role of BULOG in the control of rice stocks, and gave private business the role of importing rice. The government agreed to these policies because they wanted to be able to obtain foreign credit. The result of this was a systematic increase of poverty in rural areas. Sarijo suggested
several possible strategies to deal with this at the district level: ! ! ! ! ! Put farmers in control of agriculture production; Strengthen agriculture production; Institutionalize rural small business as the basis of the economy; Give rural people their autonomy; Develop a strong rural based civil society with a role in making district policy.
Sarijo made specific suggestions related to these strategies in a paper entitled, Establishing Food Sovereignty in Dompu District which he passed out. Edyson and Yuliadin used these suggestions to facilitate the development of strategic recommendations for food sovereignty in Dompu. They asked participants to discuss what they had learned and then divided participants into three groups. Each group was given the task of discussing and developing ideas related to a specific topic. Group I dealt with Production Resources, Group II focused on Production, Consumption and Distribution Policy, and Group III examined Cultural, Economic and Ecological Conditions. The result of the discussions was a strategy to develop food sovereignty that was to be presented to agencies and people connected with food in Dompu. Recommendations included: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Conduct an information campaign on food sovereignty; Conduct a participatory study on farming and food production in Dompu; Develop further organic agriculture; Develop an alliance for food sovereignty; Examine the issue of food sovereignty in the context of Dompu; Establish a district food storage facility in Dompu; Establish food storage facilities at the village level in support of the district facility; Conduct a participatory study on the food production system and the conservation of land, water, and local seeds; Establish a co-ordinating group to re. agriculture products and market information; Up-date agriculture data in Dompu; Re-map agriculture resources in Dompu and Bima; Form and build up a market network.
From Food Security to Food Sovereignty

Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, 13-15 September 2004
Seminar and Public Discussion

PC 2004 Western Region in Kupang presented a Seminar and Public Discussion on 5-6 October. The event was organized by Yasmara along with the Forum for Disaster Preparedness and Relief (FKPB). The first event was the signing of a banner which read We Support the Convention on Food Sovereignty by villagers, NGOs, the head of the Food Security Board, and the representative of the governor.
Seminar
Next, the seminar took place. Speakers at the seminar included Petrus Muga Head, Provincial Agriculture Services, Martinus Jawa from the Food Security Board, Leonis Herman of FKPB, and Klisto Blasin of the provincial legislature. Petrus Muga presented a paper entitled, Policy and Strategy to Increase Food Security as a Means to Food Sovereignty in East Nusa Tenggara. According to him, agriculture development depends very much on policy makers at all levels of the sector. This, in turn, is influenced by whether or not inputs and other resources are adequate. Land in East Nusa Tenggara is typically un-irrigated. There are over 1.5 million hectares of dry farmland in the province. Of this area, about a third of it is being used for farming. The province has 165,741 hectares of irrigated land of which over 47,000 hectares go unused. The policy of provincial government is to make greater use of natural resources, increase productivity, decrease reliance upon other regions for food and grow the economy so that all people will have increased incomes. Martinus Jawa said that the concept of food security in Indonesia was shaped by the international convention designed for the World Food Summit in 1996 in Rome. This convention is aimed at eliminating world hunger. The implication of the convention and summit can be found in National Regulation, UU 7/1996 which states that Realization of food security is the responsibility of government along with the people. The government provides regulations, leadership, authority and control so that the supply of food is sufficient in amount, safe, of good quality, healthy, diverse, equally available and affordable. Given these targets, East Nusa Tenggara faces several problems: ! ! The population is increasing. The focus of policy has been on increasing rice production while ignoring local potential and crops.
There is a lack of diversity in the diet of rural people. The technology for local food crops can't compete with imported food.
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Although there are problems, Martinus Jawa allowed that there are also opportunities. While relatively dry, the land of East Nusa Tenggara has a potential to be developed with technology that is locally appropriate. The potential for vegetable and animal foods is rich and diverse. Traditional foods are important relative to the problem of food security. Finally, industry could be invited to participate in further developing food in the province. Loenis Herman from FKPB tried to sort out the difference between food security and food sovereignty. The concept of food security has never placed food as a right. Within the concept of food sovereignty food is clearly a right shared by all people. Food sovereignty posits that every nation and/or people have a right to determine food and agriculture policy that is appropriate to their ecological, social, economic and cultural conditions. Inherent in food sovereignty is the equal access of all to food and the appreciation of the welfare of farmers and fishers. Leonis quoted Amartya Sen on the Four Basic Entitlements: people are entitled to be engaged in production, to labour, to trade, and to leave their wealth to whomever they would choose. According to Leonis food security is not in danger in East Nusa Tenggara. The province has many assets. The problem is that people do not yet have access to the control of these assets or a voice in their use. Because of this food security is endangered. If there is a danger to food security it arises because: ! ! ! ! ! ! traditional local foods are threatened; government has taken no responsibility for food sovereignty; trade does not favour rural people; conflict has occurred; discrimination in favour of business is common; there are few opportunities to work and those opportunities are riven by race and gender discrimination.
Kristo Blasin of the provincial legislature sees things much the same. According to him, government development activities have had little effect on farmers even though farmers are supposed to be the number one development priority in the province. He believes that the provincial parliament takes the needs of the people to heart in making policy. However, the effective execution of policy according to its original spirit depends upon the government and the people. In the case of food, farmers are especially relevant as the government can only facilitate, encourage and provide information relevant to farming. Because of this farmers should form a network with government and NGOs. Farmers shouldn't wait for the government to provide aid they must tell the government what they want. The government depends on farmers and the people to express what they want. Farmers will no longer be manipulated by government projects. The presentations of the resource people got heated responses from participants. In
general, participants questioned the commitment of government to the welfare of farmers. Participants felt that farmers had been given the major burden of the struggle for the government's food security targets while their welfare was ignored.
Public Discussion
On the following day the seminar was followed by a public discussion which included representatives of farmer's organizations, NGOs government officials. The goal of the discussion was to increase people's awareness concerning the issues related to food sovereignty that were the subject of the previous day's seminar. The discussion was also held to determine what steps need to be taken to realize food sovereignty in East Nusa Tenggara. Leonis Herman facilitated the discussion and started it off with issues that came up in the seminar. Four discussion groups were created. Each was given a topic to discuss. The results of the groups' discussions were then presented in a plenary session by a representative of each group. Based on the presentations recommendations were drawn up concerning six problem areas. The four topics to be discussed were land, water, seeds and rice for the poor. Recommendations: 1. The status of land ownership. ! ! Agrarian reform should be carried out based on agreements among rural people which would be formalized by government. Village regulations recognizing the validity of communal ownership of land should be established and acknowledged by provincial regulations.
2. Optimization of land use. ! ! ! A provincial law clarifying the use of fallow lands whether owned by individuals or government should be published. Land should be let on a five year term under this law and should be available to village residents with the support of village government. Any use open lands should conform to village open space plans.
3. Agents of development. ! There should be coordination, tolerance and synchronization of programs among sectors concerned with dry agriculture land a special feature of the province and the economic basis of the people.
4. Destruction of the forest and natural resources. ! ! Any solution of the problems associated with forest and natural resources should involve all stakeholders. Program designs should be developed by multi-stakeholder groups.
5. Lack of recognition of the superiority of local seeds.
Recognition and policy is needed concerning: The superiority of local seeds which have over time met the test of local culture and ecology; The promotion of local foods using local foodstuffs; The gradual removal of seeds originating outside of the province; The outlawing of un-clearly or nonlabelled seedlings from outside.
6. In the rice for the poor program, rice does not reach the poor and the rice is not locally produced. ! ! The program must clearly state its target groups and change its methods so that it becomes an effective system for providing food to the poor. The program should make use of local rice.
Exhibition, Seminar/Workshop on Civil Society, Food Sovereignty, and Fair Trade

Ende, East Nusa Tenggara, 23-25 September 2004
Seminar: A Look at Local Potential

To promote the food sovereignty movement in Ende District of East Nusa Tenggara, an exhibition and seminar/workshop was held with the title Civil Society, Food Sovereignty, and Fair Trade. This event was organised by the Flores Institute for Regional Development (FIRD), SANRES, and Tananua Flores Foundation. According to the chair of the event, Rafael Minggu, the activities in Ende had several goals including: ! ! ! ! ! uncovering and understanding the civil society discourse; understanding the concepts and movements connected to food sovereignty and fair trade; understanding sustainable agriculture and food sovereignty; establishing trade practises that are fair and ethical through the exchange of experience and information among farmers; encouraging the formation of a Flores-Lembata civil society alliance/association/forum.
Participant's in the Ende events came from West Manggarai, Manggarai, East Flores, Ngada, Sikka, and Lembata districts in East Nusa Tenggara Province. Most of the participants were farmers with the addition of NGOs concerned about farmers, government officials, religious leaders and academics. The first day of PC 2004 activities began with an exhibition on food sovereignty.
Farmers representing each district created displays that included seed varieties, agricultural products and other local products from each of their areas. Following the exhibition on the first day there was a seminar during which several papers were presented: ! The View of Government on Civil Society, Food Sovereignty and Fair Trade: A Look at Policy, by Martinus Jawa (Agriculture Intensification Unit, BKP, East Nusa Tenggara) The Concept and Strategy in Developing Civil Society, by Ronny So (FIRD) Fair Trade, by Johannes (Oxfam-GB) Food Security, by David Ardian (KRKP) Food Security, a Testimonial, by Silvianus Pantur a farmer from Manggarai
! ! ! !
The View of Government on Civil Society, Food Sovereignty and Fair Trade: A Look at Policy
Martinus Jawa discussed the strategy and efforts of the provincial government to maintain food security. He made the point that there has already been a shift in food consumption by people in the province. This occurred because the government equated food with rice. In many places in Indonesia, including East Nusa Tenggara, rice had not been the basic food crop. But national government policies changed this. There needs to be an effort to rediscover and develop traditional food crops before they disappear completely. The shift in consumption practices has changed lifestyles such that it is now difficult to sort out those changes. He added that technologies associated with traditional food crops are simple and unable to keep up with the storm of imported food stuffs. However, Martinus sees some opportunities. According to data, there is an abundance of unused land. There is also a great potential for animal husbandry.
Strengthening the People's Movement for Food Sovereignty

David Ardian from Koalisi Rakyat untuk Kedaulatan Pangan (KRKP , People's Coalition for Food Sovereignty) said that the right to food should not be disturbed by further shocks. It is the nation's responsibility to guarantee this. But many problems have arisen in Indonesia. The fate of farmers as food producers is not clear. Agricultural development has strayed further and further away from this. Agriculture development is without any empathy for the problems of farmers. Development has only dwelt upon numbers related to harvests. Imports of food are huge. The policy of privatisation that emphasizes commercial over social issues is an increasing danger. Because of this the basis for food security has to be a people's movement. Its centre must be the farmer and the community. Because only at the community level do farmers have the ability to produce, develop and control food. David encouraged people to reflect on the food system at present. Who does the system favour? If you look carefully you will see that more and more funding is
going to the support of business, its clear that the people are losing out. As an example of this we only have to look at the food resources available to us, yet most of the food we consume is produced industrially. And most of the requirements for industrial food production are imported. According to him, the problems that farmers face are very complex. Besides the fact the government appears to have no political commitment to farmers, the influence of modernised nations through the activities of the WTO further increase the suffering of farmers. More and more imported products are competing with local products that no longer have any tariff protection. David said there are several basic requirements for establishing a food sovereignty movement. Among these are: a basis in moral values, solidarity and egalitarianism; people's organisations that have roots in the communities; a food system controlled by communities; participation in the determination of local policy, and stability and sustainability.
Food Security, a Testimonial

Silvianus Pantur, a farmer from Manggarai, said, Another important issue is that communities must have control of their land. Land is a basic requirement of food production. Humans are connected directly to the land. Silvianus bore witness to changes in food consumption patterns. Corn, beans and yams have become secondary foods. The farmers of Manggarai have become more and more dependent upon production inputs from the outside.
Fair Trade Versus Free Trade

Johannes from Oxfam Great Britain discussed trade issues and tendencies. He said that trade used to be thought of as a means to reducing poverty. But that hasn't happened. In fact poverty has increased. Fair trade is a means to improving the welfare of people. Fair trade is a way to fight conventional trade; a means to increasing access to markets, increasing participants bargaining power, and reducing poverty. There is the assumption that the market is neutral. But, in fact the market is dominated by a wide variety of influences. The global and conventional markets are neither neutral nor free. These markets are full of obstacles. In fair trade farmers would control the marketing system and profit from it. Only 25 % of the products on the global market come from developing nations. Who controls the global market? The major players are businesses that control the circulation of money. Because of this they also receive the major benefits of that market. The rules that have arisen in the free trade system favour businesses. These rules are not fair and are inconsistent. For example, look at the subsidies for agriculture. Subsidies for agriculture are three times the size of our national budget. Free trade
is rejected from the very start in this system. They are marketing tertiary level products; we are still marketing primary level products. The value of these products is very different as are the profits. Because of this it is necessary for the government to support farmers so that their profits might increase. The focus of fair trade should be to ensure a just price. There must be an effort to ensure just prices for products. Shortening the marketing chain will enhance prices to producers. Direct marketing can accomplish this. Few people are doing this. Farmers need increased skills to deal with marketing.
Strengthening Civil Society

Ronny So of FIRD said that to support the development of a mass movement that could realize food sovereignty it is important to create a strong civil society. He urged that people do not become trapped by this term as different people have given it different meanings depending upon their slant of view. To understand the term you first have know and differentiate among three distinct groups, business, government and civil society. At this point in time there is an inequality among these groups. Government and business is strong and civil society is weak. The 'people' need to develop and consolidate their strength. The approach that is selected can lead to the development of community 'nodes'. If connected with fair trade, this can bring about the development of a strong network within the context of trade. The government must establish regulations that strengthen the connection of the people with land and seeds. The problem is that this involves people's rights related to land and seed.
Food Sovereignty Workshop

The day following the seminar a workshop was held on food sovereignty. The material presented during the seminar was used to help people think through their ideas about food sovereignty. Participants were divided into three commissions: the Food Sovereignty Commission, the Fair Trade Commission, and the civil society commission. Each group worked out their ideas through discussion of the topics presented during the seminar. The workshop took two days, the 24th and 25th of September. The Food Sovereignty Commission sorted factors that support food sovereignty into several different categories: Food Diversity; Land; Water; T echnology; and Behaviour of society and government. The Fair Trade Commission discussed how free trade entered Indonesia. The group felt that the government had not been very strong in its wholesale acceptance of international trade policies that have hurt farmers. Foreign products have entered local markets competing with local food. These foods are often cheaper than local food because of subsidies in their country of origin. This is not fair. An alliance among those sectors concerned about food sovereignty should be formed.
The group recommended that: Government: ! ! ! NGOs: ! ! ! Facilitate farmers on a continuing basis in the Flores-Lembata region Create a network for the region and facilitate it Make Jamasatira effective Fair trade policies for farmers should be enacted Revise free market laws that create market monopolies Support funding for fair trade
Farmers: ! ! ! Farmers should participate in all activities Farmer leadership should be revitalized Create a marketing association for Flores and Lembata
The Civil Society Commission started its discussion by identifying all the civil society issues that came up during the seminar. Then they identified other issues relevant to civil society as they know them in the field. They defined civil society as the group remaining after government servants, the military and business people have been eliminated; the bottom rung of the social ladder. From the list that they developed the commission selected those issues that they all agreed could be found in the various districts represented by members of the commission. ! Land. Land has been grabbed up for big business by the government. This has severely crimped the area available to the people for conservation areas. Markets. Included in this issue are low prices, limited marketing networks and limited access to market information such as prices. Peoples Political Rights. Rural people are, at most, rarely involved in public decisions. Water. Individuals claim springs as their own property. Water is being privatized by businesses.
! ! !
After further analysis of the issues the Civil Society Commission made the following recommendations. ! The members of civil society in Flores and the surrounding islands need to form a group to further its interests. (The group could be in the form of an alliance, forum, association, co-operative or network) Members of civil society require training related to democracy, human rights, and relevant laws. There should be participatory studies of policy. These educational activities should be conducted by NGOs and relevant stakeholders.
Existing civil society organizations need to be strengthened. The government and policy makers need to be more participative in the making of policy and that policy should be biased in favour of civil society. The groups, based on their discussions, planned the outline for working together to realize food sovereignty.
! ! !
CLOSING
From the activities of People's Caravan 2004 in Indonesia a new hope has arisen. There is still an opportunity for farmers to struggle for their rights. Certainly the rights of farmers can not be ignored by consumers who need food. However, the price of food must not increase to the point that it is unaffordable for people at the margins of society. The cause for the hardships experienced by farmers has, up until now, been external. Farmers have had to endure increased costs so that they could see their crops through to harvest. And after harvesting, they haven't been able to enjoy an equal increase in the price that they received for their crops. It is not rare that farmers, producers of food, find themselves trapped by the system and end up without enough food. For example, the rice farmer who had to buy the rice that he had harvested and sold. Traditional wisdom held that farmers should store up their own rice. They can't do this today because of the demand that they sell all of their harvest. There are many reasons for the position that farmers find themselves in today. The marketing chain leaves farmers with little bargaining room. Farmers find themselves forced to sell to local middlemen who seem to set prices to please themselves. National floor prices are not effectively enforced. In reality the national government has never really cared if the prices farmers received were below the floor prices that had been set. Farmers' problems don't stop with the national context as international policies are against them as well. Because of this the idea to create a farmers organization with a vision extending well into the future is very important. PC 2004 has been an attempt to realize such an organization. The issues that have been studied by groups across Indonesia have reverberated among local groups. The hope is that PC 2004 has helped to build a bridge between the interests of farmers and society at large. If food and land are rights, the welfare of farmers becomes an obligation for society. The struggle of farmers for their rights must be supported throughout society if food sovereignty and its ideals are to be realized.
Annex: List of Organization Involved in the Activities of PC 2004 in Indonesia

NGO: ! FIELD Indonesia Foundation, Perumahan Tanjung Mas Raya, Jl. Tanjung Mas Utama B8/8, Tanjung Barat, Jagakarsa, Jakarta 12530, P/F: +62-21-7811145, fieldind@indosat.net.id ! Gita Pertiwi Foundation, Jln. Griyan Lama no. 20 Baturan, Solo, Central Java 57171, P: +62-271-710465, gita@indo.net.id ! Konphalindo, Jl. Kelapa Hijau No. 99 Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan, P: +62-21-7873169, F: +62-2178880075, konphal@konphalindo.or.id ! Bina Desa Secretariat, Jl. Saleh Ubud no. 18-19, RT.13/RW.08, Otto Iskandardinata, Jakarta, P: +62-21- 8199749, binadesa@indo.net.id ! Solidaritas Perempuan, Jl. Jati Padang Raya Gang Wahid No. 64, Pasar Minggu Jakarta, P/F: +62-21-7802529, soliper@centrin.net.id ! Tananua Foundation, Jl. Gatot Subroto-Lorong Bita Beach Gang 2 Kiri, Ende, East Nusa Tenggara, P/F: +62-381-23565, ytn-flores@telkom.net, Ytn-flores@plasa.com ! Lesman , Jln. Regulo 79 B Boyolali, Central Java, P: +62-276-325770, lesman@indo.net.id ! Yayasan Masyarakat Sejahtera (Yasmara), Jl. Ade Irma III/No. 3, Kodya Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, P: +62-380-823203, yasmara-kpg@plasa.com ! Babad, Jln. Sunan Ampel no 36 Pabuaran, Purwokerto, Central Java, P: +62-281-624350, babad@telkom.net ! Ayu Tani Foundation, Bokeng, Flores Timur, NTT , thomuran@yahoo.com ! Institute for Sustainable agriculture and Rural Livelihood (ELSPPAT), elsppat@indo.net.id ! KANOPI, Jln. Dipati Ewangga 4 Kuningan, West Java, P: +62-232-871565, nmurdianasari@yahoo.com ! LBH Nusra, Jl. Eltari No. 27, Kelurahan Madawat, Kec. Alok, Maumere, Sikka ! YPL, Jepara, Central Java ! YPM ! YBKS, Jln. KH.Muzakhir 83, Semanggi-Solo, Central Java, P: +62-271-653342, ybkssolo@indo.net.id ! YPP, Jln. Turisari IV no. 25 Solo, Central Java. ! LBH Atmajaya, Jl.Ir.Sutami, Jebres, Solo, Central Java ! Duta Awam Foundation, Jln. Adi Sucipto 184 E Kompl. Proyek Bengawan Solo, Karangasem, P: +62-271-710156 ! LPTP, Jln. Nuri IV no.8 dan 11 Sambeng, Mangkubumen, Solo , Central Java, P: +62- 0271- 712049, lptp-slo@indo.net.id ! LSK Bina Bakat, Jln. Bromo, Clolo Village, RT.05/XIX, Kadipiro, Solo, Central Java 57136, P: +62-271-7088304 ! Handal Mahardika, Medan, North Sumatera, P: +62-81361475791 ! PPKKS ! SPP QT, Jln. Hasanudin 125A Salatiga, Central Java, P: +62-298-322667 ! Mitra Tani, Jln. Wiratama no.82 Tegalrejo, Yogya 55244, P: +62-274-622789, mitrani@indo.net.id ! Jarnop, Perum.Girimulyo Blok B Gang IV no. 179, Klaten, Central Java, P: +62-272324321, jarnop@indo.net.id ! Jaker PO, Jln. Griyan Lama no. 20 Baturan Solo 57171, Central Java, P: +62-271-710465, jakerpo@plasa.com / jakerpo@yahoo.com ! CUSO, Jln. Tebet Mas Indah IV E/16 Tebet Mas, Jakarta Selatan 12810, P: +62-218299309/3364, cusoindo@indo.net.id ! VECO-FADO, Jln. Letda Kajeng no.22 Denpasar 80234, P: +62-361-262126, veco-ri@dps.centrin.net.id ! YBC Dompu, Jl. Teuku Umar No. 29, Kelurahan simpasai, Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara ! LPMP Dompu, Jl. Diponegoro N0. 147, Kel. Montabaru, Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara, P: +62-373-22668, nggaro@yahoo.com ! BD LP2DER, Jl. Mangge Maci No. 4, Monggonao, Bima, P/F: +62-374-646033 ! Sambirio Foundation of Dompu, Jl. Diponegoro, Kelurahan kandal II Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara, P: +62-373-22062 ! Walhi-Central Java, +62-271-720884, jateng@walhi.or.id ! Madafaku Foundation of Dompu, Jl. Terminal Bus Ginte, Kelurahan Kandal II, Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara, P/F: +62-373-22062 ! LPSM Bima ! PPT Sekar Peni-Depok, Jl. Sukarno-Hatta No. 133, Bima, West Nusa Tenggara, P/F: +62-374-42181 ! Sahani, P: +62-274-865762 ! Katurnagari-Bandung, P: +62-260-470833 ! Sekar Utami, P: +62-21-9213942 ! Biocert, P: +62-251-336906 ! JKTI, P: +62-251-336906 ! Kehati Foundation, P: +62-21-5228031, 5228032, F: +62-21-5228033, kehati@kehati.or.id ! RMI, Jl. Sempur NO. 55, Bogor 16154, West Java, P: +62-251-320253, 311097, rmi@bogor.wasantara.net.id ! Bumi Kita Foundation, P: +62-21-8299309 ! Peka (Indonesia Centre for Conservation and Insect Studies), P: +62-251-626721, kpkai@indo.net.id ! Kembang Pala, P: +62-7776168 ! PANAP , P: +60-4-6570271, F: +60-4-6583960, panap@panap.net ! FIAN International ! SIBAT-The Philippines
! ! ! !
! !
! ! !
! ! !
! !
! ! ! ! ! !
YLKI, P: +62-21-7981859, 7971378 KOP-WTO, P: +62-81311014578 Dilts Foundation, P: +62-811889005 KRKP (the Indonesian Coalition for Food Sovereignty), P: +62-251-343333, nastari_bogor@indo.net.id Yayasan Mitra T ani Mandiri-Kefamenanu, Jl. Basuki Rahmat, Kefamenanu, P/F: +62-388-31999 Yayasan An Feot Ana (YAFA)-Kefamenanu, Jl. Cengkeh-Kenari, Kefamenanu, P: +62-38831762 Forum Kesiapan Ketahanan Pangan Kota Kupang (Forum of Food security of Kupang Municipality), Jl. R.W. Monginsidi III/3A, P: +62-380-832369 CIS Timor, JL. Kembang Lestari 11, Kodya Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara P: +62-380-833210 Yayasan Peduli Sesama (Sanlima)-Kupang, Jl. Herewila No. 2, Naikoteng 1, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara Yayasan Tuke Lakang (YTL) Kupang, Jl. Lontar No. 42, Kelurahan Naikolan, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, P: +62-380-832950 Yayasan PIKUL, Jl. Perwira-Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara Yayasan Lensa Mandiri (YLM), Jl. Eltari II No 105 X Kodya Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara Yayasan Panggilan Pertiwi untuk Keadilan (YAPRITA-Kupang, Jl. Nangka No. 56, Oeba, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara Catholic Relief Service (CRS) Kupang, Jl. Sam Ratulangi 1/A Kodya Kupang, P: +62-380-8276272 Studio Driya Media (SDM) Kupang, Jl. Ade Irma II/30 A Kodya Kupang. East Nusa Tenggara Komodo Lestari Foundation (Yakines), Labuan Bajo-Manggarai Barat, East Nusa Tenggara Advocacy Institute of Rakyat Sejati (LARAS), Jl. C. Hamboer (Kompleks Kecamatan) Labuan Bajo-Kecamatan Komodo-Manggarai Barat, East Nusa Tenggara , P: +62-385-41198 Delsos Ruteng, Ruteng-Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara, delsosrtg@hotmail.com. Masyarakat Mandiri Foundation (Sankari), Jl. Robusta, Kelurahan Tenda-Ruteng, East Nusa Tenggara, P: +62-385-22522 Mekar Karya Foundation Bina Desa Mandiri Foundation (YBDM) Nusantara Foundation (Yanusra) Bina Sejahtera Foundation (YBS) Ruteng AYO Indonesia Nurani Desa Foundation (Sanusa), Jl. Slamet Riyadi, Kel. Faobata-Bou-Bajawa, East Nusa Tenggara, P: +62-384-21606 Cinta Daerah Foundation (Citra) Ngada. Jl. Yos Sudarso, Bajawa, East Nusa Tenggara, P: +62-384-21610 Mitra Tani Mandiri Foundation, ymtm-ngada@dps.centrin.net.id
! Yastim, Jl. Gatot Subroto, Kelurahan MautapagaEnde, East Nusa Tenggara, P/F: +62-385-23321 ! Flores Institute for Regional Development, Jl. Gatot Subroto, Km. 4, Kelurahan MautapagaEnde, East Nusa Tenggara' P: +62-381-23321, ronzo@telkom.net ! Flores Sejahtera Foundation (Sanres), Jl. Kolombeke Kel. Nangalimang, Maumere, Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara, P: +62-8123797362, sanrespiter@hotmail.com ! Development of Tana Ai Area Foundation (Bangwita Foundation), Jl. Yos Sudarso Maumere-Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara, P: +62-382-21434, ylpmbangwita@yahoo.com ! Institute of Social Study and development (YPPS), Kelurahan Waibalun-Larantuka, East Nusa Tenggara, baranmelky@yahoo.com ! Bina Sejahtera Foundation (YBS) ! Oxfam GB, oxfam@oxfam.org.uk Farmer Organization: ! FKIP, Perum.Girimulyo Blok B Gang IV no. 179 Klaten, Central Java, P: +62-272324321, jarnop@indo.net.id ! IPPHTI, Margoluwih Village, Seyegan Subdistrict, Sleman District, D.I. Yogyakarta, P/F: +62-274-7492047, petaniphtindo@indo.net.id ! JTM Boyolali, Andong Village, Andong Subdistrict, Boyolali District, Central Java ! PKSM, Karangbangun Village, Jumapolo Subdistrct, Karanganyar District, P: +62-251-323089 ! SPP Pati, P: +62-81325565871 ! NADI, Jln. Rawajati Timur V no.10A, Jakarta, P: +62-21-7973387 ! PETA Dompu, P: +62-373-22136 ! FOKAR (Networking of Farmer Group), Jl. Relapati No. 1, Kelurahan Karijawa, Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara, P: +62-373-22136 ! Lawu Pertiwi of Farmer Association, C/o Gita Pertiwi Foundation ! FSPI (Federation of Indonesian Peasant Union), P: +62-21-80882492 ! Serikat Tani Manggarai (Peasant Union of Manggarai) Farmer Group: ! IPB Boyolali ! Paguyuban Tani Mutiara Hijau (PTMH), Ponorogo, East Java, P: +62-8155637823 ! PAKASA, P: +62-271-784019 ! Farmer Group of Lereng Selonjono, Pindan Village, Setrorejo, Baturetno Sub-district, Wonogiri, Central Java, P: +62-8156759354 ! Gemah Ripah Farmer Group, Wakah Village, Ngrambe Sub-district, Ngawi, East Java, P: +62- 81335787541 ! Sawangan Farmer Group, P: +62-21-7755842 ! Mega Surya Farmer Group, P: +62-21-9221770 ! Bina Sarana Bhakti, P: +62-8642968
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
Arinda, P: +62-251-257913 Banten Farmer Group, P: +62-22-7273440 Gandul Alam Farmer group of Cinere Rimpang Sari Farmer Group of Kampung Sawah, P: +62-21-7534844 Mandiri Farmer Group, P: +62-21-81310164089 Saluyu Farmer Group of Sukabumi District (Women Farmer Group), P: +62-21-8199749 Mitra Usaha Mandiri of Sukabumi, P: +62-8514771 Communty Forum of Cisarua Kampung in Salak Mountain (Bogor), P: +62-251-343333 Simpul Pangan Lokal (Core of Local Food) Yogyakarta, C/o Kehati Gede Pahala Farmer Group, C/o RMI Farmer Group in Indramayu, P: +62-234-352112 Padaringan, P: +62-8179965418 Sajiwa Farmer Group of Sukabumi District, P: +62-21-8199749 Farmer Groups in Dompu (7 groups)
! Kupang Municipality, P: +62-380-838285 ! Provincial Parliament of East Nusa Tenggara Province, P: +62-380-832517 ! Plantation and Forestry Department of East Nusa Tenggara Province University: ! University of Slamet Riyadi (Faculty of Agriculture Technology), P: +62-08122632133 ! University of Sebelas Maret (UNS)Environmen Science, Jln. Ir. Sutami, Solo, Central Java, P: +62-271-715061 ! Bogor Agriculture University ! Politani Kupang, Jl. R.W. Monginsidi III, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara ! Other Organization/Group: ! Pardem (Church), Pardem GBKP, Medan, North Sumatera, P: +62-81361417442 ! LMND (Student Organization), Jl. Tebet Barat dalam 81 no 2, Jakarta, Indonesia, P: +62-21-8309061, elemende@yahoo.com ! PMKRI-Kupang (Student Organization), Jl. Jendral Suharto 35, Kelurahan Naikoteng, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara ! Surakarta Royal Palace (Culture Institution) ! Forsip-PS (Advocacy network), Jl. Relapati No. 1, Kelurahan Karijawa, Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara, P: +62-373-22136 ! SPAT Pasuruan (Private Company), P:: +62-341-428717 ! Faber Castell (Private Company), P: +62-21-56965311 ! The Body Shop (Private Company), P: +021-7484567 ! The Healthy Choice (Private Company), P: +62-21-5305665-88 ! Nirmala Clinic (Private Company), P: +62-8158841807 ! Jamasatira Perkasa (Private Company), Jl. Gajah Mada, Kelurahan Madawat, Maumere, Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara ! Student Study Group of High School No. 34 Jakarta, Jl. Margasatwa Raya No. 1 Pondok Labu, Jakarta Selatan, P: +62-21-7690064 ! Sekolah Alam (Elementary School), P: +62-21-78881659, 78885923 ! FAO (UN Body), P: +62-21-3141308, F: +62-21-3922747 ! Association of Indigenous Community of Tiwu Telu (AMATT) (Indigenous Group), Jl. Gatot Subroto, P.O. Box 32, Ende-Flores-East Nusa Tenggara, P/F: +62-381-23565
Government Organization: ! District Government of Sragen, P: +62-8122986355, P: +62-8156700892, P: +62-8122616583 ! District Government of Wonogiri, P: +62-273-321009 ! District Government of Klaten, P: +62-272-321046 ! Provincial Government of Semarang, P: +62-81548580520 Solo Municipality, P: +62-816670679 ! District Government of Surakarta, P: +62-271788957 ! District Government of Boyolali, P: +62-276-321021 ! District government of Dompu ! KP3 Dompu, Jl. Lintas Sumbawa, Woja Subdistrict, Dompu District, West Nusa Tenggara ! BPM Dompu ! Pemdes-Dompu, Jl. Sukarno Hatta, Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara ! Agriculture Services Office of Depok Municipality, P: +62-8129994673 ! Ministry of Agriculture (Food Security Department), P: +62-21-7805035, 7805641, F: +62-21-7804476 ! Provincial Government of East Nusa Tenggara, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan No. 1 Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara ! District Government of Kupang, P: +62-380-838285

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ASSERTING OUR RIGHTS TO LAND AND FOOD:

THE PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004 in INDONESIA

THE PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004 IN INDONESIA

PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004 DI INDONESIA

ASSERTING OUR RIGHTS TO LAND AND FOOD:

THE PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004 IN INDONESIA

ASSERTING OUR RIGHTS TO LAND AND FOOD:

THE PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004 IN INDONESIA

People's Caravan 2004 in Indonesia

Main Theme: Assert Our Rights to Land and Food

The Aims of the People's Caravan 2004 in Indonesia

What were the Activities of People's Caravan 2004 in Indonesia?

PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004 WESTERN REGION

The Seminar: Food and Land as Basic Rights

Indonesian Farmers Day Action

WTO Out of Food and Agriculture!

Seminar: A Healthy Life with Organics

Discussion: Consolidation of Food Crop Farmers and Women's Issues

Local Food System

Farmer Sovereignty through Nature Conservation

It's not cool to eat local food.

PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004 CENTRAL REGION

PEOPLES FESTIVAL FOR FOOD SOVEREIGNTY 2004

The First Day

We must push the government to accommodate traditional farming systems...

The Seond Day

Farmer technical meeting and arts presentation.

Farmers Seminar: Session II

Dialogue with Government

PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004 EASTERN REGION

Increasing Food Security through Strengthening Farmers to Face Globalization

Workshop: Building Food Security

From Food Security to Food Sovereignty

Seminar and Public Discussion

5. Lack of recognition of the superiority of local seeds.

Exhibition, Seminar/Workshop on Civil Society, Food Sovereignty, and Fair Trade

Seminar: A Look at Local Potential

Strengthening the People's Movement for Food Sovereignty

Food Security, a Testimonial

Fair Trade Versus Free Trade

Strengthening Civil Society

Food Sovereignty Workshop

Annex: List of Organization Involved in the Activities of PC 2004 in Indonesia

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