A PROJECT REPORT ON CHARACTER ETHICS IN CONTEXT OF IBM SUBMITTED BY: AAMIR QAISAR ENROLMENT NO : 02121001711 BBA II YR (3rd SEMESTER)

In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the reward of the degree OF BACHELOR OF BUSSINESS ADMINISTRATION Under the supervision of MR MAYANK GUPTA

IDEAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY KARKARDUMA, DELHI-110092

Page | 1

CERTIFICATE
Certificate that this project report titled character ethics is the bonfide work of Mr. Aamir Qaisar who carried out the research under my supervision. Certified further that to the best of my knowledge the work report here in does not form part of any other project report or dissertation on the basis of which degree or award was confirmed on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate.

MR. MAYANK GUPTA

( )

Page | 2

PREFACE
The report contains very nice and well arranged topics related to the subject CHARACTER ETHICS. The main contents of this project describes that That what are ethics, Code of Ethics, Business Ethics and many other topics which is countable in the CHARACTER ETHICS . The project report also contains a description of Business Ethics which is very important for an organization to work fairly in an environment. Overall this reports my work like a guide for the subject CHARACTER ETHICS.

Page | 3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank MR. MAYANK GUPTA for his valuable support, guidance and suggestion. Under his able to accomplish my project with confidence. I would also like to thanks my friends and my siblings who directly or indirectly helped me in my project. I would also like to sincerely thank our Ideal Institute of management and Technology. Where, I spared my time to have access to wide information on internet.

DATE: PLACE:

Page | 4

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
Even granting that business ethics is important, many seem to believe that there is no point in studying the subject. Ethics is something you feel, not something you think. Finance, Marketing, operations, and even business law lend themselves to intellectual treatment, but ethics does not. The idea that ethics has no intellectual content is odd indeed, considering that some of the most famous intellectuals in world history have given it a central place in their thought (Confucius, Plato, Aristotle, Maimonides, Thomas Aquinas, etc.). Ethics is in fact a highly developed field that demands close reasoning. The Western tradition in particular has given rise to sophisticated deontological, teleological and consequentiality theories of right and wrong. No one theory explains everything satisfactorily, but the same is true, after all, in the natural sciences. Even when they grant that ethics has intellectual content, people often say that studying the field will not change behavior. Character is formed in early childhood, not during a professors lecture. If the suggestion here is that college-level study does not change behavior, we should shut down the entire business school, not only the ethics course. Presumably the claim, then, is that studying finance and marketing can influence ones conduct, but studying ethics cannot. This is again a curious view, since ethics is the one field that deals explicitly with conduct. Where is the evidence for this view? The early origins of character do not prevent finance and marketing courses from influencing behavior. Why cannot ethics courses also have an effect? Ethics courses have a number of features that seem likely to influence behavior. They provide a language and conceptual framework with which one can talk and think about ethical issues. Their emphasis on case studies helps to make one aware of the potential consequences of ones actions. They present ethical that theories help define what a valid ethical argument looks like. They teach one to make distinctions and avoid fallacies that are so common when people make

Page | 5

decisions. They give one an opportunity to think through, at ones leisure, complex ethical issues that are likely to arise later, when there is no time to think. They introduce one to such specialized areas as product liability, employment, intellectual property, environmental protection, and cross-cultural management. They give one practice at articulating an ethical position, which can help resist pressure to compromise. None of this convinces one to be good, but it is useful to those who want to be good. It may also improve business conduct in general. How many of the recent business scandals would have occurred if subordinates had possessed the skills, vocabulary and conceptual equipment to raise an ethical issue with their coworkers? Ethics not only should be studied alongside management, but the two fields are closely related. Business management is all about making the right decisions. Ethics is all about making the right decisions. So what is the difference between the two? Management is concerned with how decisions affect the company, while ethics is concerned about how decisions affect Everything. Management operates in the specialized context of the firm, while ethics operates inthe general context of the world. Management is therefore part of ethics. A business manager cannot make the right decisions without understanding management in particular as well as ethics in general. Business ethics is management carried out in the real world. This is why business managers should study ethics.

Page | 6

CONTENTS
TOPICS Page no. CERTIFICATE.. 2 PREFACE....... 3 ANCKNOWLEDGEMENT... 4 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY.. ..... 5-6

CHAPTER 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE DEFINITONS ON ETHICS FEATURES OF ETHICS BUSINESS ETHICS INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ETHICS CHAPTER - 2 INTRODUCTION TO IBM

10-15

17- 39

Company profile

Business summary S.W.A.T. Analysis Competitor Analysis Code of Ethics (followed by IBM)

CHAPTER 3 CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF BUSINESS ETHICS

40- 41

Page | 7

CHAPTER 4 LEVELS OF ETHICAL DECISIONS IN BUSINESS CHAPTER - 5 NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS ETHICS CHAPTER 6

42-44

46-48

49-50

ELEMENTS OF BUSINESS ETHICS

CHAPTER- 7 MYTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF BUSINESS ETHICS 52- 55 Myths that surround business ethics Resolving business ethics issues Limitations of business ethics CHAPTER- 8 QUESTIONNAIRE DATA ANALYSIS RECOMMENDATIONS CHAPTER- 9 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 56-58

59

CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY

60 61

Page | 8

CHAPTER.1 Review of literature

Page | 9

REVIEW OF LITRATURE
The term ethics refers to value oriented decisions and behavior. It comes from the Greek word Ethos which means character, guiding beliefs, standards or ideals that pervade a group, community or people. Today, ethics is considered as the study of morals behavior. Terms such as business ethics, corporate ethics, medical ethics or legal ethics are used to indicate the particular area of application. Ethics involved in such area must still refer to value oriented decisions and behavior of individuals. A famous saying is there If a man violates some rules he is wrong according to law, but in ethics he is wrong only if he thinks of doing so.

SOME DEINATION OF ETHICS Ethics are kind of like morals and common sense. it is what you think is right or wrong. Being "ethical" means trying to be reasonable and doing what you think is right. Ethics can be considered as moral philosophy. It deals with critical analysis of morality. Ethics searches a reasonable ground to our moral standards. It deals with answering questions such as `what ought to be`, not `what is`. The science of moral obligation; a system of moral principles, quality, or practice. The moral obligation to render to the patient the best possible quality of dental service and to maintain an honest relationship with other members of the profession and mankind in general. Ethics is the science of morality or the systematic study of moral rules and principles. The term "morality" refers to rules which prescribe the way people ought to behave and principles which reflect what is ultimately good or desirable for human beings. . The study and evaluation of human conduct in the light of moral principles. Moral principles may be viewed either as the standard of conduct that individuals have constructed for themselves or as the body of obligations and duties that a particular society requires of its members.

Page | 10

Features of Ethics
It contains principles of personnel and professional conduct. Existing norms and judgments may contain valuable insights but ethics sets out to criticize and test them in terms of ultimate norms. It does not rest on feelings of approval or disapproval but in the careful examination of the reality around us. It is not a law. Even though law enshrines many ethical judgments. It criticizes law and customs to obtain more perfect rules for the conduct of life. Law may permit things which are unethical. What constitutes ethical behaviors in one society may be unethical in others. Ethics is involved in all human activities including business. There is need for a science of ethics in every human Endeavour.

Page | 11

Business Ethics
In business, ethics can be defined as the capacity to reflect on values in the corporate decision making process, to determine how these values and decision affect various stakeholders groups, and to establish how managers can use these observations in day to day company management. Ethical managers strive for success within the confines of sound management practices that are characterized by fairness and justice. Business Ethics refers to the moral principles which should govern business activities. It provides a code of conduct for the managers. The purpose of business ethics is to guide managers and employees in performing their jobs. Ethics are concerned with what is right and what is wrong in human behavior. They lay down norms of human behavior by the business. A few examples of ethics are: To charge fair prices. To use fair weights for measurement of commodities. To pay taxes to government. To earn reasonable profits. To give fair treatment to workers. The purpose of business ethics is to regulate both objectives of business and the means adopted to achieve these objectives. Ethics covers all possible areas of business ends and means must be justifiable as per norms of the society. A business is an integral part of the society. It is in fact, a trustee of the resources of the society. So the business must observe the ethical standards of the society while using the resources. If a business fails to observe the social norms it will loose its public image. Business ethics can be both a normative and a descriptive discipline. As a corporate practice and a career specialization, the field is primarily normative. In academia descriptive approaches are also taken. The range and quantity of business ethical issues reflects the degree to which business is perceived to be at odds with non-economic social values. Business ethics (also corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations.
Page | 12

Business ethics has both normative and descriptive dimensions. As a corporate practice and a career specialization, the field is primarily normative. Academics attempting to understand business behavior employ descriptive methods. The range and quantity of business ethical issues reflects the interaction of profitmaximizing behavior with non-economic concerns. Interest in business ethics accelerated dramatically during the 1980s and 1990s, both within major corporations and within academia. For example, today most major corporations promote their commitment to non-economic values under headings such as ethics codes and social responsibility charters. Adam Smith said, "People of the same trade seldom meet together, even for merriment and diversion, but the conversation ends in a conspiracy against the public, or in some contrivance to raise prices." Governments use laws and regulations to point business behavior in what they perceive to be beneficial directions. Ethics implicitly regulates areas and details of behavior that lie beyond governmental control. The emergence of large corporations with limited relationships and sensitivity to the communities in which they operate accelerated the development of formal ethics regimes.

INTERNATIONAL ETHICS DEFINITION

Morality: A set of principles or ideals that help an individual to distinguish right from wrong, to act on this distinction, and to experience pride in virtuous conduct and guilt/shame over conduct that violates one's standards. The three main components of morality are: reasoning, behavior, and affect. Morality consists of concern for and the active promotion of the interests of others (altruism). Moral designators Right: Any action which is justified by and consistent with a moral or ethical framework; implies an obligation on anyone who accepts the system. Wrong: Any action which fails to be justified or is inconsistent with a moral or ethical framework; an action forbidden to a anyone who accepts the system. Permissible: Any action which is justified by and consistent with a moral or ethical framework but which does not imply an obligation.
Page | 13

Ethics: The systematic philosophical investigation of moral systems. The system of moral principles and rules that becomes standards for a group or for professional conduct. Normative ethics: The systematic attempt to justify moral codes. Consequentialism: The rightness (or 'goodness') of an action is in some way determined by the consequences which follow from the act. If an action produces good consequences, it is the 'right' action. Non-normative ethics: The systematic investigation of the logic and language of moral systems, and the objectivity of moral systems. Descriptivism: The investigation of the objectivity or relativity of the moral systems. The fundamental question of a descriptivist is, "Are moral principles objective features of the world, or are they relative to some particular individual, culture, or species?" Law: Rules established by a governing authority to institute and maintain orderly coexistence.

International business ethics

Business ethics is a branch of applied ethics that deals with the relationship of what is good and right in business. This definition can be extended to cover global business ethics. It requires that business decisions should not be made exclusively from the narrow, economical perspective, but also the global social and ecological concerns should be taken into account. This means that people who work in the business life should consider how their economical decisions affect other people, environment or the society on the whole, not only in the home country but also the host country. In other words, it means that the interests of all the relevant parties, or "stakeholders" should be acknowledged and weighed. Having defined the term theoretically, it should be made clear that a uniform set of standards of business ethics, applicable to the global community as a whole, is yet to be defined. While business ethics emerged as a field in the 1970s, international business ethics did not emerge until the late 1990s, looking back on the international developments of that decade. Many new practical issues arose out of the
Page | 14

international context of business. Theoretical issues such as cultural relativity of ethical values receive more emphasis in this field. Other, older issues can be grouped here as well. Issues and subfields include: The search for universal values as a basis for international commercial behavior. Comparison of business ethical traditions in different countries. Comparison of business ethical traditions from various religious perspectives. Ethical issues arising out of international business transactions; e.g. bioprospecting and biopiracy in the pharmaceutical industry; the fair trade movement; transfer pricing. Issues such as globalization and cultural imperialism. Varying global standards - e.g. the use of child labor.

Page | 15

CHAPTER.2 Introduction to IBM

Page | 16

CASE STUDY

Page | 17

C0MPANY PROFILE
International Business Machines Corporation,or IBM, is an American multinational technology and consulting corporation, with headquarters in Armonk, New York, United States. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and offers infrastructure, hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. The company was founded in 1911 as the Computing Tabulating Recording Company (CTR) through a merger of three companies: the Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, and the Computing Scale Company. CTR adopted the name International Business Machines in 1924, using a name previously designated to CTR's subsidiary in Canada and later South America. Its distinctive culture and product branding has given it the nickname

Page | 18

Key Executives

Pay Mrs. Virginia M. Rometty , 55 Chairman, Chief Exec. Officer, Pres and Chairman of Exec. Committee Mr. Mark Loughridge , 58 Chief Financial Officer of Fin. & Enterprise Transformation and Sr. VP Mr. Steven A. Mills , 60 Sr. VP and Group Exec. of Software & Systems Mr. Michael E. Daniels , 57 Sr. VP and Group Exec. of Services Mr. Samuel J. Palmisano , 61 Sr. Advisor

Exercised

2.44M 2.59M

2.27M 0.00

2.20M 9.26M

2.36M 2.33M

9.91M 25.02M

Amounts are as of 31-Dec-2011 and compensation values are for the last fiscal year ending on that date. Pay is salary, bonuses, etc.Exercised is the value of options exercised during the fiscal year.

Page | 19

Business Summary
International Business Machines Corporation provides information technology (IT) products and services worldwide. The company operates in five segments: Global Technology Services, Global Business Services, Software, Systems and Technology, and Global Financing. The Global Technology Services segment provides IT infrastructure and business process services, including strategic outsourcing, process, integrated technology, and maintenance services, as well as technologyand process-based services. The Global Business Services segment offers consulting and systems integration, and application management services. The Software segment offers middleware and operating systems software, such as WebSphere software to integrate and manage business processes; information management software for database and enterprise content management, information integration, data warehousing, performance management business analytics, intelligence, and data analytics; Tivoli software for identity management, data security, storage management, cloud computing, enterprise mobility, and automation and provisioning of the datacenter; Lotus Software to connect people and processes for communication; rational software to support software development for IT and embedded systems; security systems software; and operating systems software. The Systems and Technology segment provides computing power and storage solutions; and semiconductor technology products and packaging solutions. The companys Global Financing segment provides lease and loan financing to end users; commercial financing to dealers and remarketers of IT products; and remanufacturing and remarketing of equipment. The company was formerly known as Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. and changed its name to International Business Machines Corporation in 1924. International Business Machines Corporation was founded in 1910 and is headquartered in Armonk, New York.

Page | 20

Product Name

Platform

Genre

Release Date

IBM 104-Key Rapid Access II Keyboard Input Devices IBM 36Z15 IBM Deskstar 120GXP IBM Deskstar 180GXP IBM Deskstar 22GXP Drive IBM Deskstar 34GXP Drive IBM Deskstar 37GP IBM Deskstar 40GV IBM Deskstar 60GXP IBM Deskstar 75GXP IBM G96 IBM Ideascan 2000 IBM Infoprint 12 IBM Infoprint 21 IBM Microdrive 1GB IBM NetVista X41 Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage Video Digital Imaging Printers Printers Storage Systems 2nd Quarter 00 3rd Quarter 99 3rd Quarter 99 4th Quarter 01

Page | 21

Product Name IBM P92 IBM P96 FDT (Stealth Black) IBM PC Camera Pro Max IBM T20 IBM T54A IBM T55D IBM T560 IBM T85A IBM Thinkpad 240 Series IBM Thinkpad 390 Series IBM Thinkpad 570 Series IBM Thinkpad 600 Series IBM Thinkpad 770 Series IBM Thinkpad A21P IBM ThinkPad A30p IBM Thinkpad i Series 1400

Platform Video Video Video Systems Video Video Video Video Systems Systems Systems Systems Systems Systems Systems Systems

Genre

Release Date

1st Quarter 00

Page | 22

Product Name IBM Thinkpad i Series 1500 IBM ThinkPad T23 series IBM ThinkPad T30 IBM Thinkpad TransNote IBM Thinkpad X Series IBM ThinkPad X31 IBM Ultrastar 146Z10 IBM Ultrastar 36LZX IBM Ultrastar 73LZX The Adventures of Hyperman

Platform Systems Systems Systems Systems Systems Systems Storage Storage Storage

Genre

Release Date

Page | 23

About IBM
IBMers value... Dedication to every clients success. Innovation that matters for our company and for the world. Trust and personal responsibility in all relationships. IBM is a global technology and innovation company that stands for progress. With operations in over 170 countries, IBMers around the world invent and integrate hardware, software and services to help forward-thinking enterprises, institutions and people everywhere succeed in building a smarter planet. IBM has been present in India since 1992. The diversity and breadth of the entire IBM portfolio of research, consulting, solutions, services, systems and software, uniquely distinguishes IBM India from other companies in the industry.IBM India's solutions and services span all major industries including financial services, healthcare, government, automotive, telecommunications and education, among others. As a trusted partner with wide-ranging service capabilities, IBM helps clients transform and succeed in challenging circumstances. IBM has been expanding its footprint in India - and has a presence in over 200 cities and towns across the country - either directly or through its strong business partner network. IBM India has clearly established itself as one of the leaders in the Indian Information Technology (IT) Industry - and continues to transform itself to align with global markets and geographies to grow this leadership position. Widely recognised as an employer of choice, IBM holds numerous awards for its industry-leading employment practices and policies. IBM is a values-based enterprise of individuals who create and apply technology to make the world work better. Today, about 400,000 IBMers around the world invent and integrate hardware, software and services to enable forward-thinking enterprises, institutions and people everywhere to succeed on a smarter planet. Major Operations Global Technology Services Primarily provides outsourced IT infrastructure services and business process services. Global Business Services Primarily provides professional services and application outsourcing services.
Page | 24

Systems and Technology Provides clients with solutions that require advanced computing power and storage capabilities, as well as leading semiconductor technology and products. Software Consists primarily of middleware that enables clients to integrate systems, processes and applications, and operating systems software that runs computers. Other Our Sales organization and our Research, Development and Intellectual Property organization also deliver value to clients.

Values
Since its inception, IBM has been a company that defines itself by fundamental valuesnot by products, technologies or leaders. Today, shared values are more essential than ever beforefor enterprises, for individuals and for the globally integrating society of the 21st century. In 2003, IBMers worldwide came together to renew and define our core values, which now serve as the foundation of IBMs culture and brand, and the guide for each IBMers work, decisions and relationships. IBM invested more than $50B in R&D and acquired more than 100 companies from 20002008. IBM have transformed our processes and the way we run the company. A major part of this shift has been to build a 21st century workforce. Increased learning opportunities. And improved our ability to effectively deploy the expert skills of IBMers. The Professional Marketplace: An application used to quickly deploy talent to clients, organizes the work history and skills of IBMers into 8,100 specialized skill sets that include 17 industries and areas of expertise from business intelligence and analytics to virtualization and green solutions. The application also contains languages spoken, visa, status and availability. introduction: These are system crisesfrom security, to climate, to food and water, to energy, to financial markets and more. Together, they tell us that our economy and society are now globally integrated. They also tell us that the systems by which the world works must be transformed. In their current forms, they are unsustainable.
Page | 25

Over the past decade, we have seen, from multiple angles, that we are all connected: economically, socially, technically, biologically, and environmentally. When a crisis occurs on one part of the planetwhether from microbes, malware or mortgagesit can bring problems to the entire planet within days or even hours. We can now see that being connected isnt enough. The way the world literally works has to become smarter. Assist victims of natural disasters When disasters strike, speed and coordination of relief efforts can make the difference between life and death. Those involved need to understand quickly what is happening on the ground and how to make a maximum impact. Victims in Sri Lanka, Philippines, Indonesia, Peru and Chinas Sichuan Province have benefited from Sahana, an open source, Web-based disaster relief in a box management system. The software, supported by IBM, provides essential tools for tracking missing persons, coordinating relief efforts and managing pledges for support. Address food shortages Food shortages are felt locally, but their causesand solutionsare global and systemic. Escalating energy and grain costs, climate change and demand for biofuel caused some food prices to rise by almost 40 percent in 2008. One way to help is to improve the food itself. IBMs World Community Grid is being used to compute genetic data to develop stronger strains of riceaiming for larger, more nutritious yields, pest and disease resistance, and better water and nutrient use. Make energy grids more efficient With businesses and societies facing often volatile energy supplies, a smart grid can save electricity and money and the planet, by linking smart meters in the home with instrumented power lines and plants. And it even paves the way to integrate renewable sources like wind and solar. IBM today is leading seven of the worlds top ten automated meter projects. Improve educational opportunities
Page | 26

Education around the world faces systemic challenges in curriculum, teacher training, and retention. IBMs multifaceted response includes creating the Reinventing Education program which brings the right groups together to identify barriers, develop solutions and implement them via the BlueSky open source portal. IBMs Reading Companion voice-recognition technology is used by more than 700 schools and nonprofit organizations in 22 countries. And more than 10 million children have benefited from our early childhood interactive learning centers. Preserve at-risk waterways The United Nations predicts that nearly half the worlds people will experience critical water shortages by 2080in large part because water isnt managed as a global system. With todays technology, we can create a reliable, up-to-theminute view of water use. IBM and The Nature Conservancy are building advanced, Web-based tools for river basin management. Develop new models for community service In emerging markets, the most critical and challenging aspect of long-term economic stimulus is developing expertisethe skills to compete globally. In 2009 five hundred of IBMs future leaders from nearly 40 countries will complete assignments in our Corporate Service Corps. Now in its second year, IBMs corporate Peace Corps is sending teams of employees to nine emerging countries to work on projects that combine economic development and job creationpreparing them and their local partners alike to function as true global leaders. Plan the growth of our cities All the worlds systemsfrom transportation, to energy, to healthcare, to food, to education and more come together in our cities. IBM is helping cities across the world get smartersmart traffic systems in London, Brisbane and Singapore; smart crime fighting in New York; smart energy in Houston; smart water in Sao Paulo; smart buildings in Shanghai. The opportunities and the innovations keep growing. In cities across the world, were helping improve information sharing across agencies to provide more efficient municipal services.
Page | 27

Business conduct & ethics

IBM is committed to principles of business ethics and lawful conduct. It is IBM's policy to conduct itself ethically and lawfully in all matters and to maintain IBM's high standards of business integrity. Employees must at all times comply with IBM's business conduct and related guidelines. Violation of any IBM guideline is cause for discipline, including dismissal from the company. Employees should consult their management immediately if they have any question whether their actions could violate an IBM guideline. Furthermore, it is IBM's practice to voluntarily and promptly disclose known violations of government procurement laws to appropriate officials of government. In the event that IBM benefited economically from such known violations, it is our practice to reimburse the government customer accordingly. IBM employees should immediately make known to appropriate levels of management, either directly or through the Open Door or Speak-Up programs, any and all allegations of violations in connection with any government contract. The Senior Vice President and General Counsel is responsible for providing specific instructions regarding business conduct and ethics and, as appropriate, directing periodic reviews, including business conduct guideline certification programs, to ensure compliance. Each operating unit or subsidiary is responsible for implementing such instructions, including administering certification programs. Workforce diversity The employees of IBM represent a talented and diverse workforce. Achieving the full potential of this diversity is a business priority that is fundamental to our competitive success. A key element in our workforce diversity programs is IBM's long-standing commitment to equal opportunity. Business activities such as hiring, promotion, and compensation of employees, are conducted without regard to race, color, religion, gender, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, national origin, genetics, disability, or age. These
Page | 28

business activities and the design and administration of IBM benefit plans comply with all applicable laws, including those dealing with equal opportunity. For qualified people with disabilities, IBM makes workplace accommodations that comply with applicable laws, and which IBM determines are reasonable and needed for effective job performance. In respecting and valuing the diversity among our employees, and all those with whom we do business, managers are expected to ensure a working environment that is free of all forms of harassment. This policy is based on sound business judgment and anchored in our IBM Values. Every manager in IBM is expected to abide by our policy, and all applicable laws on this subject, and to uphold IBM's commitment to workforce diversity. Global employment standards At IBM, we have always set high standards for the way we conduct business in areas from corporate and social responsibility to sound business ethics, including compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. These Conduct Principles apply to all IBM employees. However, they are not meant to describe the full scope of IBM human resource policies or practices. More detailed statements of policies, procedures and practices are contained in documents such as the IBM Business Conduct Guidelines. Employees are required to comply with all IBM policies, procedures and practices at all times and are responsible for consulting their management if they have any questions. Our goal is to ensure full compliance with these principles by IBM managers and employees. A companion to this document, the IBM Supplier Conduct Principles, governs our relationships with and standards for IBM suppliers. Forced or involuntary labor IBM will not use forced or involuntary labor of any type (e.g., forced, bonded, indentured or involuntary prison labor); employment is voluntary. Child labour IBM will not use child labour. The term "child" refers to any employed person under the age of 16, or under the age for completing compulsory education, or under the minimum age for employment in the country, whichever is greatest. We support the use of legitimate workplace apprenticeship, internship and other similar programs that comply with all laws and regulations applicable to such programs.
Page | 29

Wages and benefits IBM will, at a minimum, comply with all applicable wage and hour laws and regulations, including those relating to minimum wages, overtime hours, piece rates, nonexempt or exemption classification and other elements of compensation, and provide legally mandated benefits. Working hours IBM will not exceed maximum hours of work prescribed by law and will appropriately compensate overtime. Employees will not be required to work more than 60 hours per week, including overtime, except in extraordinary business circumstances with their consent or where the nature of the position requires such work, as for exempt employees and employees in executive, managerial or professional positions. In countries where the maximum work week is shorter, that standard shall apply. Employees should be allowed at least one day off per seven-day week. Nondiscrimination and harassment IBM will not discriminate in hiring, promotion, compensation of employees and employment practices on grounds of race, color, religion, age, nationality, social or ethnic origin, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity or expression, marital status, pregnancy, political affiliation, disability or veteran status. IBM will create a work environment free of discrimination or harassment based on race, color, religion, gender, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, national origin, disability, age or veteran status. Respect and dignity IBM will treat all employees with respect and dignity and will not use corporal punishment, threats of violence or other forms of physical coercion or harassment. Freedom of association IBM will respect the legal rights of its employees to join or to refrain from joining worker organizations, including labor organizations or trade unions. IBM complies with legal requirements worldwide regarding employee and third-party involvement. IBM respects the rights of employees to organize, and makes managers at all levels aware of those rights. The company's long-standing belief is that the interests of IBM and its employees are best served through a favorable, collaborative work environment with direct communication between employees
Page | 30

and management. IBM endeavors to establish such favorable employment conditions, to promote positive relationships between employees and managers, to facilitate employee communications, and to support employee development. Health and safety IBM will provide its employees with a safe and healthy workplace in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Consistent with these obligations, IBM will have and will implement effective programs that encompass things such as life safety, incident investigation, chemical safety, ergonomics, and will provide safe standards of health and safety in any housing and transportation provided for our employees by the company. Protection of the environment IBM is committed to worldwide leadership in environmental protection. In addition to complying with applicable environmental laws and regulations, every employee must comply with IBM's environmental policy and the corporate directives and requirements that support that policy. Employees are expected to report any environmental concern or violation of environmental law or IBM requirements to their management. Managers are expected to take prompt action. Laws, including regulations and other legal requirements IBM will comply with all applicable laws, regulations and other legal requirements in all locations where it conducts business. Ethical dealings IBM expects its employees to conduct business in accordance with the highest ethical standards, and maintains Business Conduct Guidelines that employees are required to follow. IBM strictly complies with all laws and regulations on bribery, corruption and prohibited business practices. Communications IBM makes available to all employees open communications channels for suggestions and complaints to management. IBM maintains channels for direct contact with the corporate office for employee complaints, including any form of harassment including sexual harassment. Monitoring/record keeping
Page | 31

IBM will perform business audits to ensure adherence to our policies, practices and procedures. We will keep records in accordance with local laws and regulations. Privacy IBM is committed to protecting the privacy and confidentiality of information about its employees. IBM recognizes that under the laws of some countries certain information about employees such as information regarding racial or ethnic origin, political opinions or philosophical beliefs, trade union membership, and health or sex life should be considered "sensitive." Whenever possible, such sensitive information should be processed in aggregate or anonymous form so that a particular individual is not identifiable. Where this is not feasible, IBM will process the information only in accordance with applicable local law (and any designated safeguards provided therein); and with employee consent where required; or where necessary for the establishment, exercise or defense of legal claims. Support for employees and community involvement IBM provides numerous programs for employees to encourage and enhance the positive impact of their community involvement. These global programs include: On Demand Community, a suite of online tools and resources to support employee volunteerism; Community Grants, a program that awards long-term volunteer commitments with grants of cash or IBM equipment, and Matching Grants, a program through which IBM matches employee grants to schools and nonprofit organizations.

Page | 32

SWOT ANALYSIS OF IBM

Strengths : Right strategy for the right products. Superior customer service vs. competitors. Great Brand Image. Products have required accreditation. High degree of customer satisfaction. Good place to work Lower response time with efficient and effective service. Dedicated workforce aiming at making a long-term career in the field.

Weakness : Some gaps in range for certain sectors. Customer service staff need training. Processes and systems, etc Management cover insufficient. Sectoral growth is constrained by low unemployment levels and competition for staff

Opportunities : Profit margins will be good. Could extend to overseas broadly. New specialist applications. Could seek better customer deals. Fast-track career development opportunities on an industry-wide basis. An applied research center to create opportunities for developing techniques to provide added-value services.

Threats : Legislation could impact.

Page | 33

Great risk involved Very high competition prevailing in the industry. Vulnerable to reactive attack by major competitors. Lack of infrastructure in rural areas could constrain investment. High volume/low cost market is intensely competitive.

Page | 34

COMPETITORS OF IBM
International Business Machines (NYSE: IBM) is a leading global technology firm that offers a variety of products and services in the information technology industry. Their current businesses consist of 5 major divisions: Global Technology Services segment; a Global Business Services segment; a Software segment; a Systems and Technology segment; and a Global Financing segment. In 2006 IBM lost its position as the number one IT company to Hewlett-Packard in terms of annual revenue (difference of $235 million between revenues of HPQ and IBM). In 2009, that lead widened as HP generated $118.3 billion in revenue while IBM's revenue came in at $95.76 billion. Although IBM lost its first place rank to Hewlett-Packard in terms of revenue, IBM is a far more profitable business (boasting a gross profit of $43.8 billion for FY09) than Hewlett-Packard (gross profit of $28.4 for FY08). There are several underlying factors that contribute to IBM's high profitability which has increased every year since 2005. One of the reasons for the increase has been upper management's active effort towards divesting from cyclical and commoditizing businesses, while concentrating on the higher value services and software sectors. I n 2009, revenue declined 7.6% to $95.8 billion due to declines in sales from growing markets.Although IBM's main competitors are Hewlett-Packard Company (HPQ) and Dell (DELL), each of these companies has a different focus area. Dell makes most of its money on PC and server hardware, whileHewlett-Packard is more diversified as the leader in PCs and Imaging & Printing as well as offering IT services. Since IBM relies heavily on its Software and Services segment, it mainly competes with Hewlett-Packard in the servers and IT services markets and with Dell in the servers and software markets. Despite falling behind HP in 2009 in terms of revenue, IBM is the leader in servers, IT services, and software. Also IBM leads HP and Dell in all measures of profitability, largely because IBM is focused on high-margin sectors such as services and software and has gotten out of the thin-margin PC business, in which HP and Dell are still heavily involved. With the global recession this divestment has proved to be beneficial for IBM with its profitability still growing even with a reduction in revenue.
Page | 35

In addition to HP and Dell, IBM also competes with smaller IT consulting firms such as Accenture (ACN). However, IBM leads these companies by a large margin in terms of revenue, profitability, and scale. For example, in 2009 Accenture generated $18.2 billion in revenue and $1.8 billion in operating income, whereas IBM generated $58 billion in revenue for its Global Services business unit.

Direct Competitor Comparison

IBM Market Cap: Employees: Qtrly Rev Growth (yoy): Revenue (ttm): Gross Margin (ttm): EBITDA (ttm): Operating Margin (ttm): 218.63B 440,885

ACN 51.17B 257,000

HPQ 24.43B N/A

MSFT 233.14B 94,000

Industry 10.35B 1.50K

-0.05

0.02

-0.07

-0.08

0.08

104.69B

27.86B

120.36B

72.36B

2.60B

0.48

0.32

0.23

0.75

0.45

26.51B

4.19B

14.38B

28.79B

647.00M

0.21

0.14

0.08

0.36

0.00

Page | 36

Net Income (ttm): EPS (ttm): P/E (ttm): PEG (5 yr expected): P/S (ttm):

16.26B 13.91 13.91 1.29 2.05

2.55B 3.84 17.75 1.41 1.82

-12.65B -6.41 N/A N/A 0.19

15.71B 1.85 14.97 1.04 3.13

N/A N/A 13.68 1.47 2.05

ACN = Accenture plc HPQ = Hewlett-Packard Company MSFT = Microsoft Corporation

Page | 37

CODE OF ETHICS FOLLOWED BY IBM

INTRODUCTION This Code of Ethics / Conduct intends to ensure adherence to highest business and ethical standards while conducting the business of the Bank and compliance with the legal and regulatory requirements, the rules and regulations framed there under by the Securities and Exchange Commission of USA and other statutory and regulatory authorities in India and USA. IBM values the ethical business standards very highly and intends adherence thereto in every segment of its business.

Applicability This Code of Ethics/Conduct is applicable to the following persons. The Board Members Officials of the company one level below the Board

Ethical conduct The Board members / Officials shall engage in and promote honest and ethical conduct of business, including the ethical handling of actual and / or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships.
Page | 38

Conflict of interest The Board members / Officials shall avoid conflict of interest and disclose to the Board any material transaction or relationship that reasonably could be expected to give rise to such a conflict. Confidentiality of Information The Board members / Officials shall ensure and take all reasonable measures to protect the confidentiality of non-public information about the Bank, its business, customers and other materially significant information obtained or created in connection with any activities with the Bank and to prevent the unauthorised disclosure of such information unless required by applicable laws or regulations or legal or regulatory process. Disclosure of Information The Board members / Officials shall endeavor to produce full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosures in reports and documents that the Bank files with or submits to the Securities and Exchange Commission and other regulators and in other public communications made by the Bank. Compliance with Governmental Laws, Rules and Regulations The Board members / Officials shall comply with all the applicable governmental laws and the applicable rules and regulations. Variation of the Code and Waivers The Code shall be reviewed from time to time for updation thereof. Any variation in the Code or any waivers from the provisions of the Code shall be approved by the Board and shall be disclosed on the Bank's website. Contract or Term of Employment Nothing in this Code or other related communications by itself creates or implies an employment contract or terms of employment.Violation of the Code The Board shall have the powers to take necessary action in case of any violation of the code.

Page | 39

Chapter.3 Conceptual model of business ethics

Page | 40

CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF BUSINESS ETHICS

Business Ethics

Managerial Beliefs

Moral problems that manager face in decision making

Managerial beliefs concerning: Illegal acts Unethical or questionable practices

Examples: Fraud, Bribery Dumping of pesticides

Micro level problems: Fairness in performance appraisal Accepting Gifts Confidentiality of company Treatment of problem employees Confronting expense account

Page | 41

chapter.4 levels of ethical decisions in business .

Page | 42

LEVELS OF ETHICAL DECISIONS IN BUSINESS

Level 4 Individual

Level 3 Internal policy

Level 2 Stakeholders

Level 1 Society

1. 2. 3. 4.

Societal level Stakeholders level Internal policy Individual Level

Page | 43

1.Societal Level: At this level, ethical questions about the basic institutions in society are asked. These represent an ongoing debate among major competing institutions including business. 2.Stakeholders Level: In a business enterprise include employees, suppliers etc. Here they ask about how they deal with external groups. For example, should a company inform its customers about the potential dangers of its product? 3.Internal Policy Level: At this level we ask questions about the nature of enterprise relations with employee both managers and workers. So also questions of motivation techniques, leadership roles, work rules etc. are involved at this level. 4.Individual Level: At this level, we ask questions concerning how individual person should treat one another within the firm. These questions deal with day to day issues of life in any enterprise but in the ultimate analysis, they set the tone of ethical behavior of business at higher levels.

Page | 44

chapter.5 need and importance of business ethics.

Page | 45

NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS ETHICS

More important is the fact that today a businessman is pressurized by various environmental factors to follow a business practice which is ethical from societys point of view irrespective of its impact on business profits. Such a significance of business ethics is attributable to following reasons:

Environmental Pressures: As apart of overall economic system, a business organization is pressurized by various environmental factors to act credibly and behave ethically. Thus a business enterprise may have no option but to desist from undesirable trade practices like hoarding and profiteering due to pressure from consumer forums.

Enlightened self interest: Todays businessman firmly believes that business ethics are in their own self interest. That is if business enterprise follows business practices, it will lead to higher profits and prosperity in the long run. Moral consciousness: It would not be an exaggeration to say that most business people behave ethically because of their moral consciousness. Like any other member of the
Page | 46

society business people also believe that ethical business conduct is good business as well as good citizenship.

Legal Requirements: In almost every sphere of business activity laws have been enacted which declare certain business practices.

For a business owner, there is a very fine line between doing what's best for the profitability of the company and crossing the line over into the unethical. While many may argue that there is no place for personal values in the dog eat dog world of business, the truth is that ethics can make or break a growing business in a number of ways. Business ethics is far from the only thing that must be addressed for entrepreneurs. Luckily you can find many more useful tips for new businesses It is generally accepted that society values ethics from their businesses. Companies are boycotted for unethical behavior and profits go down as does consumer trust in the company. When consumers and clients feel they cannot trust a business, their natural reaction is to end their loyalty in that business which in turn, lowers the company's profits. If a company can maintain their clients loyalty by acting reasonably and ethically while still remaining in the black financially- no small feat for even the most moral business owner- they will find continued success as the business grows and expands. But how exactly does a business remain ethical? The question is one asked time and time again and often there is no clear answer. The ethics of a business are determined by those running it, and understanding the concept does not make for an ethical business owner. This goes for all employees and not just a CEO.
Page | 47

Because of this many ethical business will perform a criminal record check for all new job applicants. He or she must have strong moral values and beliefs and have a determination to uphold those beliefs before even entering into the business world. The person must also have a strong character and be able to handle challenging situations. Oftentimes it is a difficult decision to choose between doing what is ethical and doing what is best for the business. Take the example of the small business phone system industry. Telecom is a necessity in every person's life and the industry is of course aware of this. During a seller's market- that is, there are more buyers than sellers, reducing the variety of choice available to the customer- if a store maintains their prices and does not increase to take advantage of the consumers who have little other choice, they will gain the respect and loyalty of their customers during the subsequent buyer's markets, when consumers have more choices for shopping and stores are generally competing for customers. The stores that remained fair to their customers even when they could have raised profits by acting unethically, increase their profitability in the long run.However, the consumer is not the only one that businesses must act ethically towards. It is equally important that they have their employees best interests in mind. Let's look at the grocery store again. During the buyer's market, when profits are presumably down and the store may be having trouble attracting new customers or keeping the old, the store may need to lay off a number of employees. However, in times of low profits, the owners and those high up on the corporate ladder should also be feeling the heat from the troublesome times. If a C.E.O. keeps his current, million dollar salary while hundreds of thousands of minimum wage workers get cut, word will soon get out that the company is acting unethically and not only will they lose customers but when the business is ready to rehire, qualified potential employees who may have applied in the past will not out of fear that they may just get laid off when times are tough. Business ethics can also relate to how we behave in other professional settings outside of our own place or work when we ourselves are the customer. Honesty and integrety are just as important in these situations. This is a sentiment shared by the professionals at The Northwich Group in their dealings with personal investments.

Page | 48

Chapter.6 elements of business ethics

Page | 49

ELEMENTS OF BUSINSS ETHICS

Business Managers must come to appreciate the key elements that comprise making ethical judgments. There are six major elements that are essential ethical judgments: 1. Ethical Imagination: Developing ethical imagination means being sensitive to ethical issues in business decision making and the ability to identify those situations where people are likely to be detrimentally effected by decision making. 2. Ethical Identification and Ordering: It refers to the ability to judge the relevance or non relevance of ethical factors in decision making situations. In addition to their identification, ethical issues must be ranked. 3. Ethical Evaluation: To evaluate ethical factors business persons have to develop clear principles, basis of weighing those factors and the ability to make out the likely ethical as well as economic outcomes of a decision. 4. Sense of Ethical Obligation: This refers to the intuitive or learned understanding that ethical fibers a concern for fairness, justice and due process to people, groups and communities should be woven into the fabric of managerial decision making.

Page | 50

Chapter.7 myths and limitations of business ethics:

Myths that surround business ethics Resolving business ethics issues Limitations of business ethics

Page | 51

Myths that surround business ethics

Practically business ethics at the workplace connotes an alignment between what the organization values and how to go about it. It means that the all the day to day operations or activities carried out by employees are in tandem with the organizational policies without any deviations. There are however lots of myths that surround business ethics and their relevance and effectiveness. Many management thinkers and philosophers believe that business ethics alters peoples values. They cease to be what they are, which comes in way of realization of their full potential. Instead business ethics should be about managing values and conflict resolution. Conflict management is what they stress the most upon. There is a continuous tension between individual and organizational ethics. Many organizations believe that most of their human resources are ethical already and need not be trained upon. When such an ethical dilemma arises, it arises because there is a clash of principles that differ in their result priorities. Again there ethics to counter that are equally reasonable! So what do you choose? One more myth that surrounds business ethics is that it is well managed and the prerogative of philosophers and theologians. They say that there is no such term as business ethics that can decide how organizations go about their day to day activities. Most of this may be attributed to lack of participation of business leaders in ethical decision making process and their interest in the same. Business ethics is also criticized as being nothing new. It is believed to something that only avows what is good and which is logical and known to everyone. But when we look at the same from the perspective of stakeholders, the society and employees who work at the bottom of the pyramid, it safeguards the interests of all these groups. Organizations cannot function in a programmed manner ensuring there is no breach of a certain code in the absence of ethics and values. Business ethics in the context of corporations is recent, but it is fairly old if we talk of general business transactions. Cicero wrote about business ethics in his book On Duties. It looks recent because of the corporate social responsibility movement that started in early 1970s.

Page | 52

Yet another myth that surrounds business ethics is that business ethics cannot be managed which is totally wrong. In reality business ethics is managed or exercised indirectly in some way. Organizations priorities can also be reflective of the ethics followed in the organizations. For example a sales driven organization is bound to be aggressive naturally, whereas one that is into the business of hospitality is bound to be different. Certain other sections of people in management believe that business ethics and social responsibility are the same. They are not! In fact corporate social responsibility is only a small part of it. Corporate social responsibility concerns itself with managing business dealings and the interface with the society; it does not deal with ethics at the workplace. However both fall under the continuum of business ethics.

Resolving business ethics issues

In a business setting mangers are put to test when they face the challenge of resolving an ethical dilemma. Often certain situations do not fall in the ambit of procedures or the official code of conduct and this is when the managers feel the heat. The problem with ethical decision making is that a decision in itself cannot be taken in a vacuum; one single decision affects lots of other decisions and the key is to strike a balance to ensure a win-win situation is arrived upon. Though there are no golden rules to resolve ethical issues but managers can take a number of initiatives to resolve ethical issues. A brief description is given below. Know the Principles In ethical decision making there are three basic principles that can be used for resolution of problem. These three principles are that of intuitionism, moral idealism and utilitarianism. The principle of intuition works on the assumption that the HR person or the manager is competent enough to understand the seriousness of the situation and act accordingly, such that the final decision does not bring any harm to any person involved directly or indirectly. The principle of moral idealism on the other hand states that there is a clear distinction between good and bad, between what is acceptable and what is not and that the same is true for all situations. It therefore asks to abide by the rule of law without any exception.
Page | 53

Utilitarianism concerns itself with the results or the implications. There is no clear distinction between what is good and what is bad; the focus is on the situation and the outcome. What may be acceptable in a certain situation can be unacceptable at some other place. It underlines that if the net result of the decision is an increase in the happiness of the organization, the decision is the right one. Debate Moral Choices Before taking a decision, moral decisions need to be thought upon and not just accepted blindly. It is a good idea to make hypothetical situations, develop case studies and then engage others in brainstorming upon the same. This throws some light into the unknown aspects and widens the horizon of understanding and rational decision making. Balance Sheet Approach In balance sheet approach, the manager writes down the pros and cons of the decision. This helps arrive at a clear picture of things and by organizing things in a better way. Engage People Up and Down the Hierarchy One good practice is to announce ones stand on various ethical issues loudly such that a clear message to every member of the organization and to those who are at the greater risk of falling prey to unethical practices. This will prevent the employees from resorting to unethical means. Integrating Ethical Decision Making into Strategic Management Morality and ethical make up for a perennial debate and ethical perfection is almost impossible. A better way to deal with this is to integrate ethical decision making into strategic management of the organization. The way the HR manager gains an alternate perspective rather than the traditional employee oriented or stakeholder oriented view. All these steps can bring better clarity into resolving ethical dilemmas. The choice lies with the manager and his own and the organization value clarity.

Page | 54

Limitations of business Ethics

An organization is an amalgamation of various individuals and there is a conflict of interest at the personal level between these members, each one is concerned about his benefits and neutral or opposing to the benefits or good of others. This conflict of interest leads to situations that are morally challenging to the manager who wants to be moral and righteous to his own conscience and serve the interests of the organization. Here the dilemma arises on deciding upon the course of action. In the second case a conflict arises when there is a distinction to be made about facts and values. This implies a situation where a manager confronts what is and weighs the same against what ought to be. For example an organization may spend lots of resources upon developing, researching or upgrading a certain product and service, which gets reflected in the final price of the latter. This increase in price may be looked upon as exploitative by the end users! Yet another difficulty arises in cases when there is a fine line dividing the good from the bad or the evil and in situations when there is a difference of opinion on what is morally permissible and what is not. Undoubtedly, in our society the good and the evil exist side by side. Example in case, Nestle infant formula lead to many deaths in Kenya because the formula was prepared in contaminated water. The same formula proved life saving in other countries. The challenge lies in minimizing the evil and trying to arrive upon a consensus. In an era of uncertainty, it is almost impossible to predict the outcomes of decision making. One of the principles of ethical decision making assumes that the outcome of a decision is known and that the decision that results in greatest good for greater number of people is the best. Practically, anticipating the exact outcome of a course of action is impossible. This uncertainty is at the root of all difficulties in ethical decision making.

Page | 55

Chapter.8
Questionnaire Data analysis Recommendation

Page | 56

Questionnaire
Discriminant Analysis

Perceptual Map
1

2nd Quadrant

Fun/enjoyment

1st Quadrant
Teamwork 0.8 Knowledge

Relaxation 0.6 Participation Self-develop Decisionmaking Phy. Activ. ment Family 0.4 Creativity Motivation 0.2 Quality circle Library 0 -1.2 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 Festivals -0.2
th

Involvement CFTs

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Morning Meeting

Suggestion Schemes

Quadrant
-0.4

rd

Quadrant

activities

attributes

Employee Involvement = fn (Fun/enjoyment+Knowledge+participation)

Page | 57

Data Analysis
In 1st Quadrant attributes, which are covered in circle, are moving around to CFT & Quality Circle is fully satisfied by the employees. From Activities: Quality circles, CFTs, Suggestion schemes, Morning stand up meeting, Library, Festivals all these activities are doing well, from these-employees are satisfy but dis-satisfied from open house, picnic/tours. From Attributes: Employees getting Knowledge, Self-development, Team work, Participation, Awareness & Motivation they all are moving around these activities but somewhere lacking from decision-making & family involvement. Recommendation: Employees are not aware about the open house, so programs should run by the organization to give them proper knowledge. Family involvement, picnic/tours is necessary. Suggestions: As per the analysis of questionnaire There is a need to improve some activities of CFT. From personal interview & grid we recognize that picnic/tours are prominent to engaged employees in the work, where family get involved deeply which is very important for employees as well as for company to increase their efficiency. People are concerned for knowledge, teamwork and self-development so activities should be there to increase these attributes.

Page | 58

Recommendations:
Facility of locker is provided to the contractor. (CFT) Management committee must work on quality of activity not quantity. Related to habits (questionnaire should be there. E.g.-whether you are using dustbins or not), Awareness should be there or give training related to manners & etiquettes. Frame Assembly: Complaint resolution procedure is not up to date there should be a weekly resolution process. Swasthya CFT arrange its activities to regular employees (it should cover all the employees) There is no proper exhaust system in production hall; by that humidity level is very high at work place. Quality circle participants for international convention minimum of members should there & above. Quality circle members maximum 5 members for each circle. The temperature variation should be maintained according to atmosphere temperature. Organization should have enjoyable workplace & healthy relationship at all. Rest area should be provided near sub-assembly areas, not far away. So that to consume rest time timely. Hospitality facilities Appropriate platform is there to put your problem in front of management. Response should be given towards problem.

Page | 59

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
It refers to the method adopted to collect the relevant data and other information, which forms the basis of the thesis writing. So for the effective writing of the thesis report, the data must be quality oriented. My research is mainly based on the secondary data. RESEARCH Research is a studious inquiry or examination; especially : investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws". METHODOLOGY Methodology is a way of thinking about and studying social reality and is a way to systematically underneath the reasons behind the phenomenon. The methodology followed for conducting the study includes the specification of research design, sample design, questionnaire design, data collection and statistical tools used for analyzing the collected data. DATA SOURCE Secondary data represents information that already exists somewhere, having been collected for another purpose. The secondary data that are available are relatively quick and inexpensive to obtain, especially now that computerized bibliographic search services and databases are available. The various sources of the secondary data and how they can be obtained and used are described ahead. Most secondary data are generated by specialized firms and are sold to marketers to help them deal with a category of problems. Nielsens television ratings, which marketers use in making advertising decisions, is the best-known example. Many of these services, broadly categorized as audits, commercial surveys, and panels, allow some degree of customization and thus fall between secondary and primary data.

Page | 60

Weve looked at three approaches to business ethics, and weve seen that all three have limitations. If we hope to find an approach to business ethics that is free from conceptual problems, we will not likely find any. Ethics is a complex subject and its history is filled with diverse theories that are systematically refuted by rival theories. So, we should expect to find controversies when applying ethics to the specific practices of business. However, following any of the above three approaches to business ethics will bring us closer to acceptable moral behavior than we might otherwise be. Close attention to ones profit motive and the moral interests of consumers might in fact generate some morally responsible business decisions. We can indeed find additional moral guidance by looking at the laws that apply specifically to businesses. In gray areas of moral controversy that are not adequately addressed profit motives and the law, we can turn for guidance to a variety of general and specific moral principles. In addition to the above three approaches to business ethics, it also helps to examine stories of businesses that have been morally irresponsible. By citing specific cases deceptive advertising, environmental irresponsibility, or unsafe products, we can learn by example what we should not do. Such cases often reveal blatantly crude, insensitive, or reckless attitudes of businesses, which we can view as warning signs of unethical conduct.

Page | 61

1. "Ethics the easy way". H.E.R.O... 2. "Miliband draws up green tax plan". BBC. 3. Friedman, Milton (1970-09-13). "The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profits", The New York Times Magazine. 4. Hare, R. M. (1999). "What is wrong with slavery". Philosophy and Public Affairs 8: 103121. 5. Enderle, Georges (1999). International Business Ethics. University of Notre Dame Press, 1. ISBN 0-268-01214-8. 6. http://www.google.com 7. George, Richard de (1999). Business Ethics. 8. http://www.stthom.edu/academics/centers/cbes/jonachan.html 9. http://www.ibm.com Further reading Albertson, Todd. (2007). The Gods of Business: The Intersection of Faith and the Marketplace. Los Angeles, CA: Trinity Alumni Press. Behrman, Jack N. (2009). Essays on Ethics in Business and the Professions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prentice_Hall

Page | 62

Filename: ibm PROJECT ETHICS_61F0D5 Directory: C:\Users\princeraj.princeraj-HP\AppData\Local\Temp Template: C:\Users\princeraj.princerajHP\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Templates\Normal.dotm Title: Subject: Author: Owner Keywords: Comments: Creation Date: 12/7/2012 8:52:00 PM Change Number: 2 Last Saved On: 12/7/2012 8:52:00 PM Last Saved By: princeraj Total Editing Time: 1 Minute Last Printed On: 12/7/2012 8:55:00 PM As of Last Complete Printing Number of Pages: 62 Number of Words: 11,587 (approx.) Number of Characters: 63,497 (approx.)