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Questions for CSIR NET JRF aper!II

1. Compare & contrast : a sodium atom & a sodium ion ; a double bond & a triple bond ; an atom of weak & strong electronegativity ; the electron distribution around an oxygen atom to another oxygen atom & an oxygen atom bound to two !atoms. "#arp$ %&' (. )hy do polar molecules dissolve so readily in water* )hy don+t fat droplets dissolve in water* )hat is the concept behind formation of fat droplets in water* %. )hat do you understand by catenation* )hich atom shows catenation* )hat properties of carbon atom are critical to life* )hich compound makes the bulk of a living organism* ,. -f you were to add Cl to water $ what effect would this have on the hydrogen ion concentration* .n the p * .n the ionic charge of any protein in solution* )hat is the relationship between a con/ugate acid & its base* 0. )hat is meant by protein domains & motifs * ow protein folding takes place* )here protein folding takes place* )hy some proteins are found as 1uaternary structure* &. ow are the properties of an alpha helix different from a beta strand* ow are they similar* ow do each of these secondary structure affect the properties of a protein$ such as silk* 2. 3ame two nonpolar amno acids. 4ickle cell anaemia results from a substitution of a valine for a glutamate. )hat do you expect the effect might be if mutation were to have placed a leucine at that site* .r an aspartate* "#arp$ 56' 5. 7atch the following: "roup!# "roup!$ a' 839 polymerase i' 39:; formation b' <ipids ii' :39 polymerase!c' 4ucrose iii'8educing sugar d' #lenow fragment iv' 9 biomolecule e' :39 replication v' 839 synthesis f' .ka=aki fragments vi'r:39 g' 3ucleoli vii' :39 polymerase!--h' >C9 cycle viii' :39 ligase i' <ight dependent reaction ix' ?ritish ?iochemist x' @atty acids A Blucose xi' 3ucleus xii' 9 protein C. )hich of the two photosystems operates at the most negative redox potential* )hich among them generates the strongest reducing agent* )hich among them must absorb , photons during each round of non cyclic photophosphorylation* 3ame some accessory pigments that surround each photosystem*

_____________________________________________________________________ http://www.biotecnika.org 16. .f the following substances ;D ($ reduced cytochrome b&$ reduced feredoxin$ 39:;A$ 39:; $ .($ (.$ >yr=A$ )hich is the strongest reducing agent* )hich is the strongest oxidising agent* )hich has the strongest affinity for electrons* )hich has the most energetic electron* "#arp$ (,1' 11. -n photosynthesis$ the capture of light results in the release & subse1uent release & transfer of electrons. )hat is the reaction behind the process of photosynthesis* @rom what molecules are the electrons eventually derived* -n what molecules do these electrons eventually reside* "#arp$ (,(' 1(. )hat is tight /unction* ow does the structure of tight /unction contribute to its function* )hat does free=e fracture analysis tell you about the structure of a /unction that can+t be learned by the examination of stained tissue sections* "#arp$ (26' 1%. :escribe the components that make up a plant cell wall & the role of each in the wall+s structure & function. :istinguish between cellulose & hemicellulose$ a cellulose molecule & a myofibril$ a pprimary cell wall & a secondary cell wall. "#arp$ (20' 1,. -n which part of a cell would you expect the following compounds to be first incorporated : % leucine $ % sialic acid$ % mannose$ % choline$ % glucuronic acid$ % pregnenolone$ % rhamnose. "karp$ %%1' 10. :raw a schematic diagram of microtubule. )hat is myosin & kinesin* 4ome members of kinesin family contain only a single heavy chain. ow would you expect their activity in an in vitro motility assay to differ from that of kinesin itself* "#arp$ %C,' 1&. :escribe the difference between a primary transcript$ a transcription unit$ a mature m839 & a processing intermediate. "#arp$ ,21' 12. Compare the organisation of the genes that code for the large r839$ 04 839$ & t839 within the invertebrate genome. )hat is the relationship between hn839 & m839* 15. )hat are ?arr bodies* )ho gave the concept of ?arr bodies* ow many ?arr bodies would you expect in a female with % E chromosome* )hy* "#arp$ 0,5' 1C. )hat is c:39 library* ow it is different from a genomic :39 library* )hat is the significance of c:39 library over genomic library* (6. 4uppose that 7esselson & stahl had carried out their experiment by growing cells in medium with 1,!3 & then transferred the cells to medium containing 10!3. ow would the bands within the centrifuge tubes have appeared if replication were semiconservative* -f replication were conservative* -f replication were dispersive*"#arp$ 025' (1. )hat is autoradiography* :escribe how the use of %! thymidine & autoradiography can be used to determine the length of the various periods of the cell cycle "#arp$ 0C6' ((. )hat is the effect of fusing a cell in B1 with one in 4; of fusing a B1 phase cell with one in 7; of fusing a B( or s phase cell with one in 7*

_____________________________________________________________________ http://www.biotecnika.org (%. :escribe the events that occur in a cell during prometaphaase & during anaphase. ow do the events of mitotic prophase prepare the chromatids for later separation at anaphase* "#arp$ &65' (,. Constrast the overall roles of mitosis & meiosis in the lives of a plant or animal. ow do the nuclei formed by these two processes differ from one another* (0. )hat is crossing over* :escribe olliday model of crossing over* -s this a type of recombination* ow* (&. ow was it demonstrated that genetic recombination took place by a breakage & reunion mechanism* -n which phase of cell cycle does this happen* )hat are the other events that take place during this phase* (2. ow the Ca(A concentration of a cell is is maintained* )hat is the role of calcium binding protein in eliciting a response* )hy the concentration of signal molecule changes during signalling* (5. Ca(A $ -;%$ & c97; have all been described as secondary messangers. -n what ways are their mechanism of action similar or different* 4uggest some primary messangers that transfers their signal to secondary messangers. (C. describe the two forms of diabetes & the causes of its occurrence. 4uggest % molecular abnormalities that results in increase in sugar level in blood & urine of an individual %6. )hat do you understand by programmed cell death* )hy certain cells have longer half life than others* )hat all molecules are involved in this event* %1. )hich type of analytical techni1ues were used to conclude the structure of :39* 7ake a list of the various forms of :39* )hich form of :39 is mostly found in humid conditions* )hy* %(. emphasi=e on the composition of plasma membrane. )hich component of plasma membrane gives flexibility to the membrane* )hy some proteins reside inside the membrane while others remain as extrinsic protein* %%. ow can one determine a'membrane sidedness; b' the location of transmembrane segment in the amino acid se1uence; c' the relative location of transmembrane segment$ d' diversity of integral protein that reside in purified membrane fraction* "karp$ 1%C' %,. what is active transport* 7ake a list of the active transport going inside a living cell. -s always an endergonic reaction coupled with an exergonic reaction* )hat we call the proteins that carry out active transport* %0. many different types of cells possess receptors that bind steroid hormones. )here in the cell do you think these receptors might reside* 3ame a hormone that regulates blood glucose level. )here in the cell the insulin receptor shoule reside* & why* %&. describe the ma/or structural 2 biochemical differences between C% & C, plants. ow do these differences affect the ability of these plants to grow in hot & dry climates* %2. :escribe the basic plan of >C9 cycle$ indicating the reactions that re1uire energy input. )hy it is called as a cycle* )hy does energy has to be expended in this pathway* )hat are the eventual products of this pathway*

_____________________________________________________________________ http://www.biotecnika.org %5. )hat is the relationship between the energy content of a photon & wavelength of light* ow does the wavelength of light determine whether or not it will stimulate photosynthesis* )hat is the role of accessory pigments in photosynthesis* %C. )hat are cyclic & non cyclic photophosphorylation* )ho discovered the cyclic potophosphorylation* )hy they are so called* :. the two pathways /oin or not* )hy* ,6. )hy are catabolic pathways described as convergent and anabolic pathways as divergent* Compare the energy obtained by a cell that oxidises glucose anaerobically or aerobically. @or 7ore <ife 4ciences 8elated downloads$ Fisit www.biotecnika.orgGdownloads

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