ARPL II (ASSIGNMENT # 1)

SUBMITTED BY: Teves, jhon Michael l. BSA-4A SUBMITTED TO: ARCH. ADOR

A. Definition

1. aerotropolis - An aerotropolis is an urban plan in which the layout, infrastructure, and

economy is centered on an airport, existing as an airport city. It is similar in form and function to a traditional metropolis, which contains a central city core and its commuterlinked suburbs. The term was first proposed by New York commercial artist Nicholas DeSantis, whose drawing of a skyscraper rooftop airport in the city was presented in the November 1939 issue of Popular Science. The term was revived and substantially extended by academic and air commerce expert Dr. John D. Kasarda in 2000, based on his prior research on airport-driven economic development.

2. astropolis - An Astropolis (from the Greek for city of stars) can be any of several
things in different contexts. These include: An idealised future civilisation, as in Eugene Jolas' Succession in Astropolis.

3. cosmopolis - a city inhabited by people from many different countries. Greek for
universe city or order city

4.ecumenopolis - Ecumenopolis (from Greek: , meaning "world", and

(polis) meaning "city", thus a city made of the whole world; pl. ecumenopolises or ecumenopoleis) is a word invented in 1967 by the Greek city planner Constantinos Doxiadis to represent the idea that in the future urban areas and megalopoleis would eventually fuse and there would be a single continuous worldwide city as a progression from the current urbanization and population growth trends. Before the word ecumenopolis had been coined, the American religious leader Thomas Lake Harris (18231906) mentioned city-planets in his verses, and science fiction author Isaac Asimov used the city-planet Trantor as the setting of some of his novels. Doxiadis also created a scenario based on the traditions and trends of urban development of his time, predicting at first a European eperopolis ("continent city") which would be based on the area between London, Paris, and Amsterdam.

5.megalopolis - a very large, heavily populated city or urban complex. A region made up of
several large cities and their surrounding areas in sufficient proximity to be considered a single urban complex. A megalopolis (sometimes improperly called a megapolis) or megaregion is typically defined as a chain of roughly adjacent metropolitan areas. The term was used by Patrick Geddes in his 1915 book "Cities in Evolution",[1] by Oswald Spengler in his 1918 book, The Decline of the West, andLewis Mumford in his 1938 book, The Culture of Cities, which described it as the first stage in urban overdevelopment and social decline. Later, it was used by Jean Gottmann in 1954, to describe the chain of metropolitan areas along the northeastern seaboard of the U.S. extending from Boston,Massachusetts through New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and ending in Washington, D.C. and Northern Virginia

6.metropolis - A major city, especially the chief city of a country or region. A city or an
urban area regarded as the center of a specific activity. The mother city or country of an overseas colony, especially in ancient Greece. A metropolis is a very large city or urban area which is a significant economic, political, and cultural center for a country or region, and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce, and communications. The term is Greek and means the "mother city" of a colony (in the ancient sense), that is, the city which sent out settlers. This was later generalized to a city regarded as a center of a specified activity, or any large, important city in a nation. Urban areas of fewer than one million people are rarely considered metropolises in contemporary contexts.[citation needed] Big cities belonging to a larger urban agglomeration, but which are not the core of that agglomeration, are not generally considered a metropolis but a part of it. The plural of the word is most commonly metropolises. For urban centers outside metropolitan areas that generate a similar attraction at smaller scale for their region, the term Regiopolis was introduced by German professors in 2006.[2]

7.necropolis - A cemetery, especially a large and elaborate one belonging to an ancient

city. a large cemetery especially of an ancient city.

8.technopolis - Technopolis (Spanish Tecnpolis) is a science, technology, industry and

art mega exhibition, based in Argentina and the largest in Latin America.[1] Located in Villa Martelli, in the Vicente Lopez division, Tecnopolis was inaugurated on July 14, 2011, by President Cristina Fernndez de Kirchner

9.acropolis - a citadel or fortified part of an ancient Greek city, typically one built on a hill.
The ancient citadel at Athens, containing the Parthenon and other notable buildings, mostly dating from the 5th century BC. An acropolis (Greek: ; akros, akron,[1] highest, topmost, outermost + polis, city; plural: acropoleis or acropolises) is a settlement, especially a citadel, built upon an area of elevated groundfrequently a hill with precipitous sides, chosen for purposes of defense. In many parts of the world, acropoleis became the nuclei of large cities of classical antiquity, such as ancient Rome, which in more recent times grew up on the surrounding lower ground, such as modern Rome.

10.decapolis - (Historical Terms) a league of ten cities, including Damascus, in the

northeast of ancient Palestine: established in 63 bc by Pompey and governed by Rome

11.dodecapolis - Dodecapolis or Dodekapolis refers to a group or confederation of twelve

cities. Ionian dodecapolis, Aeolian dodecapolis, Etruscan dodecapolis

12.pentapolis - A pentapolis, from the Greek words (pente), "five"

and (polis), "city(-state)" is a geographic and/or institutional grouping of five cities. Cities in the ancient world probably formed such groups for political, commercial and military reasons, as happened later with the Cinque Ports in England.

13.tripolis - The Arabic name Tarabulus is derived from the Greek Tripolis meaning three
towns, hence Tripoli.

B. PICTURE AND MEANING

1.Abutter - An abutter is a person (or entity) whose property is adjacent to the property of another. In land use regulations, concerns of an abutter may be given special attention, being the one most likely to suffer specific harm from a hasty, uninformed decision. For example, a developer requesting a subdivision may be required to notify (or pay to notify) all abutters of the proposal and invite them to a public hearing. Regulations may also provide an abutter with the right to be heard at the hearing, unlike others who must request permission to be heard, at the discretion of the board. In the spirit of land use politics, even the unified voices of the concerned abutters may sound only faintly against the machinery of "progress" or well-funded special interests. However, the courts will objectively consider a proper case brought by an abutter whose rights have been arguably under-appreciated. Generally, the more abutters interested in a project, the more likely someone will object to it.

2.Agglomeration - In the study of human settlements, an urban agglomeration is an

extended city or town area comprising the built-up area of a central place (usually amunicipality) and any suburbs linked by continuous urban area. INSEE, the French Statistical Institute, uses the term unit urbaine, which means continuous urbanized area. However, because of differences in definitions of what does and does not constitute an "agglomeration", as well as variations and limitations in statistical or geographical methodology, it can be problematic to compare different agglomerations around the world. It may not be clear, for instance, whether an area should be considered to be a satellite and part of an agglomeration, or a distinct entity in itself. The term agglomeration is also linked to conurbation, which is a more specific term for large urban clusters where the built-up zones of influence of distinct cities or towns are connected by continuous built-up development (Essen - Dortmund and others in the RhineRuhr district), even in different regions, states or countries, (Lille - Kortrijk in France and Belgium). Each city or town in a conurbation may nevertheless continue to act as an independent focus for a substantial part of the area.

3.Banana - BANANA (Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near Anyone)

NIMBY (an acronym for the phrase "Not In My Back Yard"), or Nimby, is a pejorative characterization of opposition by residents to a proposal for a new development because it is close to them, often with the connotation that such residents believe that the developments are needed in society but should be further away. Opposing residents themselves are sometimes called Nimbies.

4.Back to back houses - Back-to-back houses are a form of terraced house in which
two houses share a rear wall (or in which the rear wall of a house directly abuts a factory or other building). Usually of low quality (sometimes with only two rooms, one on each floor) and high density, they were built for working class people and because three of the four walls of the house were shared with other buildings and therefore contained no doors or windows, back-to-back houses were notoriously ill-lit and poorly ventilated and sanitation was of a low standard.

5.Barrio - Barrio (Spanish pronunciation: [barjo]) is a Spanish word meaning neighborhood.

In several Latin American countries, the term is also used officially to denote a division of a municipality.

6.Barionization - Barrioization is a term used in the field of AP Human Geography. It is

defined by geographer James Curtis as the "dramatic" increase in Hispanic population in a given neighborhood. It is most likely to be related to the situation in the United States of America. The origin of the word is barrio, which is the Spanish word for neighborhood.

7.Beasutification - Beautification is the process of making visual improvements to a

person, place or thing. With regard to a town, city or to an urban area, this most often involves planting trees, shrubbery, and other greenery, but frequently also includes adding decorative or historic-style street lights and other lighting and replacing broken pavement, often with brick or other natural materials. Old-fashioned cobblestones are sometimes used for crosswalks; they provide the additional benefit of slowing motorists.

Beautification projects are often undertaken by city councils to refurbish their downtown areas, in order to boost tourism or other commerce. Often, this is also spurred by broken sidewalks, which pose a safety hazard for pedestrians and potentially insurmountable obstacles for wheelchair users. These projects are frequently part of other larger projects such as construction, especially in conjunction with ones for transit, such as streets and roads and mass transit.

8.Binary distribution - Binary distribution is the presence of two or more dominant cities
(megacities) in a country.

9.Blue banana - The Blue Banana (also known as the Hot Banana, Bluemerang, European

Megalopolis or European Backbone) is a discontinuous corridor of urbanisation in Western Europe, with a population of around 110 million.[1] It stretches approximately from North West England in the north to Milan in the south.

10.Boomburb - Boomburb is a neologism for a large, rapidly growing city that remains
essentially suburban in character even as it reaches populations more typical of urban core cities. Like edge city, an older and more widely accepted term, it describes a relatively recent phenomenon in North America.

11.Ground fields - A figure-ground diagram is a two-dimensional map of an urban space

that shows the relationship between built and unbuilt space. It is used in analysis of urban design and planning. It is akin to but not the same as a Nolli map which denotes public space both within and outside buildings and also akin to a block pattern diagram that records public and private property as simple rectangular blocks. The earliest advocates of its use were Colin Rowe and Fred Koetter.

12. Ground field status

13.Brusselization - In urban planning, Brusselization (in

English, bruxellisation in French and verbrusseling in Dutch) is "the indiscriminate and careless introduction of modern high-rise buildings into gentrified neighbourhoods" and has become a byword for "haphazard urban development and redevelopment".[1][2] The notion applies to anywhere whose development follows the pattern of the uncontrolled development of Brussels in the 1960s and 1970s, that resulted from a lack of zoning regulations and the city authorities' laissez-faire approach to city planning.

14.Build out - Build-out is an urban planners estimate of the amount and location of
potential development for an area. Sometimes called a "lot-yield analysis", build-out is one step of the land use planningprocess. Evaluation of potential development impacts begins with a build-out analysis.

15.Built environment - The term built environment refers to the human-made

surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging in scale from buildings and parks or green space to neighborhoods and cities that can often include their supporting infrastructure, such as water supply, or energy networks. The built environment is a material, spatial and cultural product of human labor that combines physical elements and energy in forms for living, working and playing. It has been defined as the human-made space in which people live, work, and recreate on a day-to-day basis.[1] The built environment encompasses places and spaces created or modified by people including buildings, parks, and transportation systems. In recent years, public healthresearch has expanded the definition of "built environment" to include healthy food access, community gardens, walkabilty", and bikability.

16.Cartesian skyscraper - The Cartesian sky-scraper, designed by Le Corbusier in

1938, is a type of tower building known for its modern and rational design. This type of

modern administration building has its source in the first sketches for the Pavillon de L'Esprit Nouveau in 1919, which proposes a cruciform form for skyscrapers, radiating light and stability.[disambiguation needed] In principle the cruciform plan (with two axes) does not adapt itself to the path of the sun, which has only one axis. Studying further, it was seen that with this form symmetrical about two axes, the cruciform skyscraper does not receive sunlight on its north facades.

17. Charrette - The word charrette may refer to any collaborative session in which a
group of designers drafts a solution to a design problem. While the structure of a charrette varies, depending on the design problem and the individuals in the group, charrettes often take place in multiple sessions in which the group divides into sub-groups. Each sub-group then presents its work to the full group as material for further dialogue. Such charrettes serve as a way of quickly generating a design solution while integrating the aptitudes and interests of a diverse group of people. Compare this term with workshop.

18.Ciclovia - Ciclova (/siklvi./, Spanish: [ikloi.a]), also ciclovia, cyclovia (or

also open streets in English-speaking countries[1]), is a term which translates from Spanish

into English as "bike path" is either a permanently designated bicycle route or the closing of city streets toautomobiles for the enjoyment of cyclists and public alike.

19.City block - A city block, urban block or simply block is a central element of urban
planning and urban design. A city block is the smallest area that is surrounded by streets. City blocks are the space for buildings within the street pattern of a city, and form the basic unit of a city's urban fabric. City blocks may be subdivided into any number of smaller land lots usually in private ownership, though in some cases, it may be other forms of tenure. City blocks are usually built-up to varying degrees and thus form the physical containers or 'streetwalls' of public space. Most cities are composed of a greater or lesser variety of sizes and shapes of urban block. For example, many pre-industrial cores of cities in Europe, Asia and the Middle-east tend to have irregularly shaped street patterns and urban blocks, while cities based on grids have much more regular arrangements.

20. City network - City networks are the connections between cities.
These networks can be of different nature and of different importance. In modern conceptions of cities, these networks play an important role in understanding the nature of cities. City networks can be physical connections to other places, such as railways, canals or scheduled flights. City network also exist in immaterial form, such as trade, global finance, markets, migration, culturallinks, shared social spaces or shared histories. There are also networks of religious nature, in particular through pilgrimage. The city itself is then regarded as the node where different networks run together. Some of these networks are more powerful than others, for networks of global finance are currently dominant. Some urban thinkers have indeed argued that cities can only be understood if the context of the city's connections is understood.

21. City region - The term city region has been in use since about 1950
by urbanists, economists and urban planners to mean a metropolitan area and hinterland, often but not necessarily having a shared administration. Typically, it denotes a city, conurbation or urban zone with multiple administrative districts, but sharing resources like a central business district, labour market and transport network, such that it functions as a single unit.

22. Civic center - A civic center or civic centre (see "American and British English
spelling differences") is a prominent land area within a community that is constructed to be its focal point or center. It usually contains one or more dominant public buildings, which may also include a government building. Recently, the term "civic center" has been used in reference to an entire central business district of a community or a major shopping center in the middle of a community[citation needed]. In this type of civic center, special attention is paid to the way public structures are grouped and landscaped.

23. Community street review - A Community Street Review is a new survey method
where a Community Street Audit is combined with a numerical rating system.[1] The methodology is the result of research commissioned by Land Transport New Zealand for improving Walkability in New Zealand. The methodology involves taking a group of community members to a location and have them review their perceptions of the walking environment. The participant resonses are entered into a database and a level of service is assigned to the area. Physical and operational variables are also collected at the time of the review and paired with the responses and level of service calculations. Once enough reviews have been

completed, it is expected that walkability level of service will be derived straight from the measurement of physical and operational variables.

24. Community separator - In urban planning in the United States, a community

separator (or simply a separator) is a parcel of undeveloped land, sometimes in the form of open space, separating two or more urban areas under different municipal jurisdictions which has been designated to provide a permanent low-density area preserving the communal integrity of the two municipalities. Separators are typically created by one or more municipalities in situations of rapid urban growth, where unchecked development might otherwise result in the contiguity of the urban areas. A unilateral separator that partially or completely encircles a municipality is commonly known as a greenbelt.

25. Commuter town - A commuter town, also known as a bedroom community, bedroom
town or bedroom suburb (Canada and U.S. usage), adormitory town or dormitory

suburb (UK Commonwealth and Ireland usage), or less commonly a dormitory village (UK Commonwealth and Ireland) suggests that residents sleep in these neighborhoods, but normally work elsewhere; they also suggest that these communities have little commercial or industrial activity beyond a small amount of retail, oriented toward serving the residents.

26.Comprehensive planning - Comprehensive planning is a term used in the United

States by land use planners to describe a process that determines community goals and aspirations in terms of community development. The outcome of comprehensive planning is the Comprehensive Plan which dictates public policy in terms of transportation, utilities, land use, recreation, and housing. Comprehensive plans typically encompass large geographical areas, a broad range of topics, and cover a long-term time horizon.

27. Concentric rain model - The Concentric zone model also known as the Burgess
model or the CCD model is one of the earliest theoretical models to explain urban social structures. It was created by sociologist Ernest Burgess in 1923.

28. Colurpation

29. county island - A county island is an unincorporated area within a county, usually, but not always, surrounded on all sides by another incorporated area, such as a city. On maps, these geopolitical anomalies will form jagged or complex borders and 'holes' in the city limits. Generally found more frequently in the western United States, county islands form in areas of expansion when previously smaller cities will annex and incorporate more land into their jurisdiction. If residents or landowners in a particular unincorporated area do not vote to incorporate with the surrounding city, the area remains unincorporated. The formation of a county island usually follows stages where it will come into being on the edge of an incorporated area, and as more territory is incorporated, be cut off from the rest of the unincorporated area within the county. These areas are not, by definition, exclaves because they are simply unincorporated within a surrounding city.

30. coviet

31. district plan - A District Plan is a statutory planning document of New Zealand's
territorial authorities. Mainly covering land use/zoning questions, they have become required since the advent of the Resource Management Act 1991.[1] They are updated periodically, though major revisions

and plan changes are usually not produced very often, partly due to the large-scale legal battles that often follow proposed changes.

32. down town - Downtown is a term primarily used in North America by English speakers
to refer to a city's core (or center) or CBD (Central Business District), often in a geographical, commercial, or communal sense.

33. eco villages - Ecovillages are intentional communities whose goal is to become more
socially, economically and ecologically sustainable. Most range from a population of 50 to 150 individuals, although some are smaller, and larger ecovillages of up to 2,000 individuals exist as networks of smaller subcommunities. Certain ecovillages have grown by the addition of individuals, families, or other small groups who are not necessarily members settling on the periphery of the ecovillage and effectively participating in the ecovillage community.

34. edge city - "Edge city" is an American term for a concentration of business, shopping,
and entertainment outside a traditional downtown (or central business district) in what had previously been a residential or rural area. The term was popularized in the 1991 book Edge City: Life on the New Frontier by Joel Garreau, who established its current meaning while working as a reporter for the Washington Post. Garreau argues that the edge city has become the standard form of urban growth worldwide, representing a 20th-century urban form unlike that of the 19th-century central downtown. Other terms for the areas include suburban activity centers, megacenters, and suburban business districts.[1]

35.Ekistic - The term Ekistics (coined by Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis in 1942) applies
to the science of human settlements.[1][2] It includes regional, city, community planning and dwelling design. It involves the study of all kinds of human settlements, with a view to geography and ecology the physical environment and human psychology and anthropology, and cultural, political, and occasionally aesthetics. As a scientific mode of study is currently found to rely on statistics and description, organized in five ekistic elements: nature, anthropos, society, shells, and networks. It is generally a more academic field than "urban planning", and has considerable overlap with some of the less restrained fields of architectural theory.

In application, conclusions are drawn aimed at achieving harmony between the inhabitants of a settlement and their physical and socio-cultural environments.[3]

36. elbow roomers - In geography and urban planning, elbow roomers are people who
leave a city for the countryside to seek more land and greater freedom from governmental and neighborhood interference.[citation needed] Some are carrying out activities such as large-scale gardening, the raising of horses or other animals, or farming, or otherwise have a genuine need for the space. Others wish to pursue a rurallifestyle for reasons unrelated to space itself.

37. facadism - Faadism (or Faadomy[1]) is the practice of demolishing a building but
leaving its facade intact for the purposes of building new structures in it or around it.

38. floor area ratio - Floor area ratio (FAR), floor space ratio (FSR), floor space
index (FSI), site ratio and plot ratio are all terms for the ratio of a building's total floor area (Gross Floor Area) to the size of the piece of land upon which it is built. The terms can also refer to limits imposed on such a ratio. As a formula: Floor area ratio = (total covered area on all floors of all buildings on a certain plot, Gross Floor Area) / (area of the plot) Thus, an FSI of 2.0 would indicate that the total floor area of a building is two times the gross area of the plot on which it is constructed, as would be found in a multiple-story building. 39. imperial corra

40. fractal city - Edward Soja uses the term fractal city to describe the "metropolarities"
and the restructured social mosaic of today's urban landscape or "postmetropolis". In his book, Postmetropolis: Critical Studies of Cities and Regions, he discusses how the contemporary American city has become far more complex than the familiar upperclass vs. middleclass or black vs. white models of society. It has become a fractal city of intensified inequalities and social polarization. The term "fractal" gives it the idea of having a fractured

social geometry. This is a patterning of metropolarities, or an intensification of socioeconomic inequalities, some of which Soja tries to pinpoint and discuss.

41. fused grid - The Fused Grid is a street network pattern first proposed in 2002 and
subsequently applied in Calgary, Alberta (2006) and in Stratford, Ontario (2004). It represents a synthesis of two well known and extensively used network concepts: the "grid" and the Radburn pattern, derivatives of which are found in most city suburbs. Both concepts were self-conscious attempts to organize urban space for habitation. The grid was conceived and applied in the pre-automotive era of cities starting circa 2000 BC and prevailed until about 1900 AD. The Radburn pattern emerged in 1929 about thirty years following the invention of the internal combustion engine powered automobile and in anticipation of its eventual dominance as a means for mobility and transport. Both these patterns appear throughout North America. Fused refers to a systematic recombination of the essential characteristics of each of these two network patterns.

42. gentrification - Gentrification is a shift in an urban community toward wealthier

residents and/or businesses and increasing property values, sometimes at the expense of the poorer residents of the community.[1] Gentrification is typically the result of investment in a community by local government, community activists, or business groups, and can often

spur economic development, attract business, deter crime, and have other benefits to a community. Despite these potential benefits, urban gentrification is often believed by pregentrification residents to result in population migration, with poorer residents displaced by wealthier newcomers.

43. golden banana - The Golden Banana or "sun belt" is a term used by analysts when
discussing urbanisation in a European context. It denotes an area of higher population density lying between Valencia in the west and Genoa in the east along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, defined by the "Europe 2000" report from the European Commission in 1995 to be analogous to the so-called Blue Banana. The region is a centre forinformation technology and manufacturing.

44.green belt - A green belt or greenbelt is a policy and land use designation used in land
use planning to retain areas of largely undeveloped, wild, or agricultural land surrounding or neighbouring urban areas. Similar concepts are greenways or green wedges which have a linear character and may run through an urban area instead of around it. In essence, a green belt is an invisible line designating a border around a certain area, preventing development of the area and allowing wildlife to return and be established.

45. green field land - Greenfield land is undeveloped land in a city or rural area either
used for agriculture, landscape design, or left to naturally evolve. These areas of land are usually agricultural or amenity properties being considered for urban development.

46. green field status - Greenfield status (formerly "unrestricted re-use") is an end
point wherein a parcel of land that had been in industrial use is, in principle, restored to the conditions existing before the construction of the plant.

47.grey field lands - Greyfield land is a term used in the United States and Canada to
describe economically obsolescent, outdated, failing, moribund and/or underusedreal estate assets or land. The term was coined in the early 2000s as a way to describe the sea of empty asphalt that often accompanied these sites. "Greyfield" is a relative neologism as compared to more commonly known terms such as brownfield or greenfield.

48. grid plan- The grid plan, grid street plan or gridiron plan is a type of city plan in
which streets run at right angles to each other, forming agrid. In the context of the culture of Ancient Rome, the grid plan method of land measurement was called Centuriation.