fd

. . 1

1.

2.

1. 2.

2C = 2 - 1

...................

10

11

 . 8

.____

Tb
Ta
1

Yb
Ya
Y=Yb-Ya
X+Y
3

Xb
Xa
X=Xb-Xa
X-Y
4

X+Y
X-Y
tg(a-b+45)
a-b+1/4
5

tga-b
a-b
6

d
7

sin

cos

 - ". "

. 13

. ____

sin a

a
b

c
b
g

a
c
b

b
g

a
c
b

b
g

sin b

COS b

sin g

COS

b cos g +

s in a

c cos b = a

57

03

50

03

48

0,83927

61

55

59

55

57

0,88239

0,47051

192,65

61

00

17

00

15

0,87466

0,48475

190,96

180

00

06

180

00

00

00

00

218,332

63

44

54

44

54

0,89686

74

22

23

22

23

0,96304

0,26937

483,61

41

52

43

52

43

0,66756

0,74456

335,23

138

07

17

180

00

00

00

00

502,174

69

56

39

56

39

0,93936

10

03

21

03

21

0,17461

0,98464

372,39

100

00

00

00

00

0,98481

-0,17365

2100,32

183,24

89,85
93,39

450,38

360,08
90,30

00

00

00

00

2132,72

2068,05

c
b
a

a
c
b
g

450,38
2003,39

183,24

-64,66
180

b
c

pripremio:Milo Vujisi,dipl.in.geod.

2003,39

. . 14

a _____

1
1
2 b + g 2 p - 2 a
b-c
tg 1 2 b - g
ctg 1 2 a
b+c
1

'

"

/2(b+g)

1
1

2 b - g

2 b - g
b ...

1/2 a
1

b 1 2 b + g +
g 1 2 b + g -

sin b ...

b-c

sin a ...

b+c

sin g ...

/2(b-g)
a

c ...

b
g

ctg 1/2 a ...

tg1/2(b-g) ...

'

"

b ...

1/2 a
1

/2(b+g)

sin b ...

b-c

sin a ...

b+c

sin g ...

/2(b-g)
a

c ...

b
g

ctg 1/2 a ...

tg1/2(b-g) ...

'

"

b ...

1/2 a
1

/2(b+g)

sin b ...

b-c

sin a ...

b+c

sin g ...

/2(b-g)
a

c ...

b
g

ctg 1/2 a ...

tg1/2(b-g) ...

'

"

b ...

1/2 a
1

/2(b+g)

sin b ...

b-c

sin a ...

b+c

sin g ...

/2(b-g)
a

c ...

b
g

ctg 1/2 a ...

tg1/2(b-g) ...

s in a
s in b
s in a
c
s in g

a b

( ).

( , ,
, ).
9

d-I-II

II

Cele pantqike

.
.

Dd
m

10

11

 . 21 ( 138)
. . 18

d'
m
12

DH

13

m
14

H 2
2d '

/2

1-cos a

DH tg a/2

16

'
17

m
18

[r]
m
20

d=d' - [r]
m
21

m
19

d' (1-cos a)

sin a

15

_____

22

'
4

"

'
5

"

dn

270 + a
- cos a
+ sin a

Popravqene koordinatne razlike

xn

Definitivne koordinate
x'n dn cos nn

y ' n dn sin nn

10

11

yn yn-1 + yn-1 xn xn-1 + xn-1

y'n + x'n dn (sin a +

+ cos a) dn 2 sin(a + 45 )

Tn

. .

180

180 + a
- sin a
- cos a

. .

90 + a
+ cos a
- sin a

. .

n n n n-1 + b n

a
+ sin a
+ cos a

. .

dn sin nn
dn cos nn

sin nn
dn
cos nn

n=
sin n =
cos n =

Tn

. 31 ( 149)
_____

. . 19

12

13

14

yn'
15

xn'
16

17

. 2 ( 18)

.. ..............................................

...................................

. . 27

_____

1.
2.
3.
4.
DE

. 1

. 4 ( 28)

_____

TS

TV

. 5 ( 30)

. 1

_____

KL

KD
'

"

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

5.
4.
3.
2.
1.

K L

K D

2VV
m=
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

m=
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.

K L

K D

2VV
m=
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
K L

m=
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
K D

2VV
m=
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
K L

m=
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
K D

2VV
m=
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

m=
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.

K L

K D

2VV
m=

m=

'

"

'

"

. 6 ( 44)

dd

mm

gggg

hh

mm

_____

:
ss

. :

. :

TS:

TV:

dd

mm

gggg

hh

mm

:
. :

. :

TS:

TV:

ss

. 7 ( 47)

. 1D

. 1Z

_____

GPS . 1

 . 8 ( 62)

_____

. . 25

m
4

X
m
5

. .
.
.

o. 5

. 11 ( 75)

. 18P

DE
[m]

KL
KD
KL+KD

'
"

_____

'

"

i
l
[m]

T [C]
P [mbar]

. 12 ( 78)

. 1

. 18

_____

. 27

GPS . 1

 . 13 ( 104)

. ........

od

do

S. D.

18
18E

d
D-d

22a
22

23

l
m

 . 14 ( 105)

. . 22

- x

yn o d n
xn a d n

+ x - x
o + x - x a

- yp

yn o dn + a u
xn a dn - o u

D-d

yz - yp
xz - xp

(xz-xp)2

o
a

D2

dn'

D yz - yp

(yz-yp)2

dn
[Dd] = d

Dyn

yn

Dxn

xn

- y

_____

y a y n -1 + y n
x a x n -1 + x n

10

11

 . 15 ( 105)

- yp

o
a

tg j
cos j

dn'

d
z

- xp

_____

yn o dn yn yn-1 + yn
xn a dn xn xn-1 + xn

yn o dn + a u
xn a dn - o u

x
tg

- xp

x z - xp
y z - yp

y
,

- yp

yz - yp
cos

xn

yn

u
au
ou
8

tg

Dxn
xx

10

- yp xz - xp

yz - yp
xz - xp

Dyn

yn

dn

dn

d
.

. . 22A

xz - xp
cos

11

 . 16 ( 105)

n ab

n aT

T nb
d na

nab+180

tgnab

a
T

yb - ya
xb - xa

(yb - ya)2
2
(xb - xa)
2
d

CD

2d da
d2
da2
d2 + da2
db2
Ba
cos a

Ta
Tb

(yb - ya)2
2
(xb - xa)
2
d

CD

2d da
d2

cos b

Dya=da sin naT

2
b

naT = nab + a

yT = ya + Dya

xT = xa + Dxa

Dyb=db sin nbT

= yb + Dyb

= xb + Dxb

db 2
d2 + db2
da 2
Bb
cos b
: da cos a
+ db cos b
d
da
db
d
2d db
d2

db 2
2
d + da2
da 2
Bb
cos b
: da cos a
+ db cos b
d
:

Dya
Dyb
yT1

Dxa
Dxb
xT1

tg nab
sin naT
cos naT
sin nbT
cos nbT
ya
yb
yb - ya

naT
a
nab
180 - b
nbT
xa
xb
xb - xa

Dya
Dyb
yT1

Dxa
Dxb
xT1

na
a
b
na
180 - b
nbT

tg na
sin naT
T
cos na
sin nbT
cos nbT
fy = yT2 - yT1 =

YT =

nbT = nab + 180 - b

: da cos a + db cos b = d
ya
xa
yb
xb
yb - ya
xb - xa

da
db
d
2d db
d2

da2
2
d + da 2
db2
Ba
cos a

T:___

2
a

Dxa=da cos naT

T

_____

Bb
d +d -d

2d d b
2d d b
2

Dxb=db cos nb
Ta
Tb

. . 23
Ba
d 2 + d 2a - d 2b
cos a

2d d a
2d d a

- ya + xb - xa
2

XT =

fx = xT2 - xT1 =

fd =

 . 17 ( 105)

nb n
T

Tb
d
n ab

a
Ta

db

n aT

. . 23A

y - ya
tgn ab b
x b - xa

a
b

y b - ya x b - xa

sin n ab
cos n ab

Dya = da sin na

tg

Dyb =

Dxb =

Dxa = da cos na

da

tg

s - d s - d a

ya
yb
yb - ya
Dya
Dyb
yT1

s - d s - d b

s s - d a
T
db sin nb
T
db cos nb

xa
xb
xb - xa
Dxa
Dxb
xT1

(s - d)
(s - da)
1/(s - db)
1-s
tg2 a/2
tg a/2

'

"

/2

Ta:
Tb:
CD --18....

sin naT
da
cos naT
Dya
Dxa
d a...

(s - d)
(s - db)
1/(s - da)
1/s
tg2 b/2
tg b/2
'

n Ta

sin a _______

(s - d)
(s - da)
1/(s - db)
1-s
2a
tg /2
tg a/2

(s - d)
(s - da)
1/(s - db)
1-s
2a
tg /2
tg a/2

'
"
/2
:
a

/2

'

:
da sin a = db sin b

(yb - ya)
(xb - xa)
b
tg na
sin nab
cos nab
d
sin nbT
db
cos nbT
Dy b
Dx b
d b...

sin naT
da
cos naT
Dya
Dxa
d a...

sin b _______
(yb - ya)
(xb - xa)
tg nab
sin nab
cos nab
d
sin nbT
db
cos nbT
Dy b
Dx b
d b...

sin a _______

sin b _______

ya
yb
yb - ya
Dya
Dyb
yT1

"

fy = yT2 - yT1 =

YT =

XT =

d + da + db
2
n ab + a

n Ta n ab - b 1 8 0

"

/2

ya
yb
yb - ya
Dya
Dyb
yT1

T:___

s s - d b

yT = ya + Dya = yb + Dyb; yT = xa + Dxa = xb + Dxb

Ta:
Tb:
CD --18....

_____

fx = xT2 - xT1 =

na
a
b
naT
nb T
d
da
db
2s
S'
s-d
s- da
s-db
n ab
a
b
n aT
v bT
d
da
db
2s
S'
s-d
s- da
s-db

1. do , b f
Tn

4.

yo

xo

Dy o2

do

yn

xn

Dx o2

Dd o2

s=a+b+f

D y o= y

-yn

D x o= x o - x n

x o
do

y o
d o
f = d o- d n

Dy n2

y n y - y n
x n x - x n
Dn

Dx n2
D n2

5. v, u, S
adx

Tn

bdy

dd

mo sa 1 :

[
p
v
v
]
m

o
n
2

p 100

pv

pvv

u = D - du

pff

A1

[pvv] =

=[pff]

y = yo + d y =
x = xo + d x =

-[pff] =

S=
u v

100 m :

m100

v=f+dd

3.

 . 18 ( 105)

23

_______

:_______

2.

Tn

ps

paa

[paa]=A1

pab

paf

pas

pbb

pbf

pbs

[pab]=B1

[paf]=F1

[pas]

[pbb]=B2

[pbf]=F2

[pbs]

3. , S, .

A1

B1
-

B
A

F1
F1

A1

B1
dy
A1

+1.26

B2
B
A

F2
B

B'2

x = xo + d x =

, Mx My

dy=

F
B

'
2

'

2
2

'

y = yo + d y =

mo

B1
F1
A 1
F

'
2

dx =

My

B2

A1

F1
F1
A1

F1 d x

F2'
F'
B'2 2

F2 d y

S =

S=

 . 19 ( 136)

. . 18

KL

KD

i
1

l
2

KL - KD

'
4

"

'
5

"

'
6

"

'
7

"

'

"
8

d' + DD
9

mm
10

mm
11

mm
12

13

mm
14

mm
15

_____

H'=d tga ( d ctg Z)+

+ (1-k)/2R * d2

KL + KD

dr=d'+DD+
+Dr=(d'+
+DD)cosa

-..
p=(ym2/2R2-10) dr 106

H=-0.00015689H mdr

1.
2.

d'

R d'(1-cosa)

. .

d=d'+[D]=
=dr+DH+
+Dp

16

DH=DH'+

+i-l

17

18

19

'
3

"

S=; D=.

m
cm
cm
4

Z

a

'
"
5

ctg Z
tg a
cos Z
sin a

.
.

hm
7

 . 20 ( 137)

i - hm

sin Z
cos a

2a

r = 2s sin /2

DH = D cotgZ
DH = DH + i - hm
D=SsinZ
=D tg a
D=Scosa
=S sina
+
D=S - r

DH
10
11
12
13
X.

: _____

HT =HS +DH
14

15

. 24 ( 142)

. 1 . ________
.

_______________ ________________


. . 1

II

2 (H. V.) =

= K. L. + K. D.

K. L.
'
3

"

K. D.
'
4

"

'
5

"

.
2a 0' = K. L. - K. D.

'
7

"

______

2a - 2a0

2 (H. V.)

2a
'
9

"

'
10

"

'

"
11

12

 . 26 ( 143)

. . 28

d sin aAB

H'AB

tg aAB

i - hm

aAB ZAB

(HAB)

m
2

ctg ZAB cos ZAB

'
3

"

H'AB
4

d=(HBA)-

m
5

d sin aBA

H'BA

tg aBA

i - hm

(HBA)

aAB ZAB

ctg ZBA cos ZBA

'
6

"

H'BA
7

m
8

_______

B A
.

A B

-(HAB)
(H.)
m

 . 27 ( 146)

m
2

m
4

vi
f
H di
d

m
8

H
i
(H
i)+vi

_____

(H)

( H b)

d ( H b )-( H a)

( H a)

""

Hm

m
9

10

11

12

 . 28 ( 146)

hn

. 4

Rn

H '
H , - H

pH

10

pf
2

m
0

.________

MH

n-1

p. f

p. f2

12

13

12

13

11

m0
p

:
1

pf

m0

n -1

10

11


. . _____________

. 29 ( 147)

19

: _________

[d]

m

fb
fd
fy
fx
mR
b
d
' " cm cm cm

. 30 ( 148)

_________________

.. _____________________

27

18

18

_____

 . 30 ( 148)

_____

 . 32 ( 152)

. 21

_____

1
n'z,no, dno, nz
p
n

[ p f b]
[ p]

[p]=

d no

''

N -1
mb
[ p]

p f' b

fb=nz -nz'

p fb

fb

p fb

1/(d)

fy2

fx2 p fy2 p fx2

13

14

my
mx

1/21

[p f' b

n o
dno=
nz =

[ p fb2 ]

[ p fy 2 ]

10

11

My

[ p fx 2 ]

N -1

Mx

N -1

12

15

16

[p fb2

[p fb

my

mx

[ p]

[p]

Yp
['y]
17

Xp
['x]
18

Yo ; Xo

[ pf ' y]
[ pf ' x]
dn
; dx
[ p]
[ p]
Y=

19

20

22

p fy' p fx'

cm cm

cm

cm

23

25

26

fx = X ' -

21

p
1/(d)

1/2

fy = Y ' -

Y'=Yp+[y] X'=Xp+[x]
Yo
Xo
Y'=Yo+dy
X'=Xo+dx

fx' = X ' -

fy' = Y ' -

2.

(d)

mn

'

mb

3. .

fb' n 'z - no

1. :

p fy

p fx

cm cm cm cm
24

27

28

29

30