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5.0

APPARATUS

6.0

PROCEDURES 5.1 Part 1 1. 2. '. /. 5.1 Part 2 1. lace three load hangers with an! load #etween $%g to /%%g on it and +lace it an! +osition #etween the s*++orts. -ecord the +osition and the Digital Force Dis+la! reading in ,a#le 2. 2. '. -e+eat the +roced*re with three other locations. Co"+lete the calc*lation in ,a#le 2. Check the Digital Force Meter reads zero with no load. lace hanger with an! "ass #etween 1$%&'%%g at the (irst groo)ed hanger s*++ort at the le(t s*++ort and record the Digital Force reading in ,a#le 1. -e+eat the +roced*re to ne.t groo)ed hanger *ntil to the last groo)ed hanger at the right hand s*++ort. Co"+lete the calc*lation in ,a#le 1.

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6.0

RESULT Location o( load (ro" le(t hand s*++ort 0"1 Digital Force Dis+la! -eading 0N1 Mo"ent at c*t section 0N1 E.+eri"ental In(l*ence line )al*e 0N"1 ,heoretical In(l*ence lines )al*e 0N"1

%.%/ %.%3 %.%5 %.1% %.12 %.1/ %.13 %.15 %.2% %.22 %.2/ %.23 %.'% %.'2 %.'/ %.'3 %./%

%.' %./ %.$ %.2 %.5 %.4 1.1 1.2 1.' 1./ 1.3 1.2 1.2 1./ 1.1 %.4 %.3

%.%'2$ %.%$ %.%32$ %.%52$ %.1 %.112$ %.1'2$ %.1$ %.132$ %.12$ %.2 %.212$ %.212$ %.12$ %.1'2$ %.112$ %.%2$ ,a#le 1

%.%122 %.%134 %.%212 %.%242 %.%''4 %.%'52 %.%/32 %.%$%4 %.%$$' %.%$4/ %.%324 %.%222 %.%222 %.%$4/ %.%/32 %.%'52 %.%2$

%.%122 %.%141 %.%2$/ %.%'15 %.%'52 %.%//$/ %.%$%4 %.%$2' %.%3'3 %.%2 %.%23/ %.%522 %.%4$/ %.%515 %.%352 %.%$/$ %.%222

Notes 6 1. Mo"ent at c*t section 7 Digital Force reading . %.12$ 2. E.+eri"ental In(l*ence line )al*es 7 Mo"ent 0 N" 1 Load 0 N 1 '. Calc*late the theoretical )al*e *sing the e8*ation 1 (or load +osition /% to 23%"" and e8*ation 2 (or load +osition '2%"" to 25%""

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,a#le 2 Location osition o( hanger (ro" le(t hand s*++ort 0"1 Digital Force -eading 0N1 1%%g 1 2 ' / %./ %./ %.'3 %.'/ 2%%g %.2% %.22 %.2/ %.23 2$%g %.%/ %.%3 %.%5 %.1% 1.3 1.4 2.' 2.3 %.2 %.2'2 %.252 %.'2$ %.1523 %.211 %.23$ %.'%2 E.+. Mo"ent 0N"1 ,heoretical Mo"ent 0N"1

Part 2,

Notes6 1. E.+eri"ental Mo"ent 7 Digital Force -eading . %.12$ 2. ,heoretical Mo"ent is calc*lated *sing E8*ation 0'1

7.0

DATA ANALYSIS

EXAMPLE CALCULATION PART 1 E.+eri"ental In(l*ence line )al*es 7 Mo"ent 0 N"1 Load 0N1 7 %.%'2$ 2.4/'

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7 %.%122/ N" ,heoretical In(l*ence lines )al*e 9 E8*ation 1 (or load +osition /% to 23% "" M. 7 0%.// : %.%/1 0%.'1 : 10%.' : %.%/1 %.// 7 %.%122 N" E8*ation 2 (or load +osition '2%"" to /%%"" M. 7 0%.'1 0%.1/1 : 10%.' : %.'1 %.// 7 %.%4$/ N"

PART 2 EXAMPLE CALCULATION Location L 7 %.%/ " 7 %.// "

Mo"ent at c*t section 7 Digital (orce reading . %.12$ 7 1.3 . %.12$

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7 %.2 N Shear Force at ;C*t< Section 7 F1 7 7 7 F2 7 7 7 F' 7 7 7 1%%g %.1 . %.451 0.981N 2%%g %.2 . 4.51 1.962N 2$%g %.2$ . 4.51 2.45 N F1!1 = F2!2 = F'!'> 0E8*ation '1

Fro" ,a#le 19 ?hen ! 7 %./%@ theoretical )al*e 7 %.%222 ! 7 %.2%@ theoretical )al*e 7 %.%3'3 ! 7 %.%/@ theoretical )al*e 7 %.%122 17 7 7 8.0 F1!1 = F2!2 = F'!' %.451 0%.%2221 = 1.432 0%.%3'31 = 2.4/' 0%.%1221 %.1523 N DISCUSSIONS 8.1 Part 1

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5.1.1. Deri)e e8*ation 1 and 2.

F 1 .

c*t

a -B 7 7 AF. 7 % AF! 7 -B = -C : 1 7 % -B = - C 7 1 -B0 L 1 : 10 L : . 1 7 % -BL 7 10L& .1 -B 7 10 L : . 1 L 71& . L -C 7 1 : 01 : .1 7 . L L L

# -C

E8*ation 1 9 % D . D a

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&M. = -B0a1 : 10a & .1 7 % M. 7 01 : .EL1a : 10a & .1 7 0L : .1a : 10a & .1 L

E8*ation 2 9 aD . D # M. : -C0#1 = 10. & a1 7 % M. 7 -C 0#1 : 10. & a1 7 .EL 0#1 : 10. &a1 7 .#EL : 10. &a1

5.1.2 On tha gra+h@ +lot the theoretical and e.+eri"ental )al*e against distance (ro" le(t hand s*++ort. Co""ent on the sha+e o( gra+h. ?hat does it tell * a#o*t how "o"ent )aries at the c*t section as a load "o)ed on da #ea". Fro" the gra+h that has #een +lotted (ro" the e.+eri"ent@ we can see that the gra+h is linear. ,he )al*e o( in(l*ence line increase *ntil the +oint o( c*t section and decrease when the load is loaded on the right hand side o( the #ea". 5.1.' Co""ent on the e.+eri"ental res*lts and co"+are it to the theoretical res*lts. ,he di((erence #eetwen the e.+eri"ental and theoretical )al*es@ we can see that there onl! has slight di((erence #etween #oth )al*es. ,hese di((erence occ*rs "a! #e #eca*se o( a slight "istaken ha++ened d*ring the e.+eri"ent is #eing carried o*t.

8.2. Part 2

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5.2.1 Calc*late the +ercentage di((erence #etween e.+eri"ental and theoretical res*lts in ,a#le 2. co""ent on wh! the res*lts di((erent. ,he +ercentage is 8*ite di((erence #etween e.+eri"ental and theoretical res*lt (or location 1 7 4.$ F@ location 2 7 12.' F@ location ' 7 5.'F@ location / 7 $.4F. these di((erence are "a!#e d*e to errors occ*r d*ring handling the e.+eri"ent. One o( the +osi#le error is done #! the digital reading (orce. It is a )er! sensiti)e "echine and it sho*ld #e handled with care.

9.0

CONCLUSION

. Fro" the e.+eri"ent@ it can #e concl*ded that@ #ending "o"ent increases with the increase o( a +oint load. It can #e noticed that@ "a.i"*" #ending "o"ent *s*all! ha++ens towards the "iddle length o( the #ea"@ not at its s*++orts. Cending "o"ent at the c*t o( the #ea" also increases with increase o( the loading that the #ea" is s*#Gected to. ,here is no do*#t that the *se o( 0e8*ation 11 is a++ro+riate to +redict the #ending "o"ent considering that the di((erence in )al*es #etween the theoretical and e.+eri"ental )al*es is relati)el! s"all eno*gh that this can #e ignored. ,his e.+eri"ental +ro)es that i( a str*ct*re is s*#Gected to a li)e or "o)ing load@ the )ariation o( the #ending "o"ent in the "e"#er as #est descri#ed *sing the in(l*ece line.

4.0

T!EORY

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D"#$%at$&% 6 In(l*ence line is de(ined as a line re+resenting the changes in either "o"ent@ shear (orc@ reation or dis+lace"ent at a section o( a #ea" when a *nit load "o)es on the #ea". Part 1 6 ,his e.+eri"ent e.a"ines how "o"ent )aries at a c*t section as a *nit load "o)es (ro" one end to another 0see diagra" 11. Fro" the diagra"@ "o"ent in(l*ence line e8*ation can #e written.

For a *nit load #etween % D . D a@ Mx = ( L x) a - 1( a- x) .(1) L For a *nit load #etween a D . D #@ Mx = xb /L ( x a ).. (2)

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Part 2 6 I( the #ea" are loaded as shown in Fig*re 2@ the shear (orce at the ;c*t< can #e calc*lated *sing the in(l*ence line. 0See Diagra" 21. M&'"%t at ()*t +")t$&% 7 F1H1 = F 2H2 = F'H' >>.0'1 0H1 @H2 and H' are ordinates deri)ed (ro" the in(l*ence line in ter"s o( .1@ .2 @ .'@ a@ # and L1

1.0

O,-ECTI.E 1.1 art 1 6 ,o +lot "o"ent in(l*ence line.

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1.2

art 2 6 ,o a++l! the *se o( a "o"ent (orce in(l*ence on a si"+l! s*++orted #ea"

2.0

LEARNIN/ OUTCOMES 2.1 2.2 2.' 2./ B++lication o( engineering knowledge in +ractical a++lication ,o enhance technical co"+etenc! in str*ct*ral engineering thro*gh la#orator! a++lication. Co""*nication e((ecti)el! in gro*+. ,o identi(! +ro#le"@ sol)ing and (inding o*t a++ro+riate sol*tion thro*gh la#orator! a++lication.

.0 INTRODUCTION

Mo)ing loads on #ea" are co""on (eat*res o( design. Man! road #ridges are constr*cted (ro" #ea"@ and as s*ch ha)e to #e design to carr! a kni(e edge load@ or a string o( wheel loads@ or a *ni(or"l! distri#*ted load or +erha+s the worst co"#ination o( all three. ,he "ethod o( sol)ing the +ro#le" is to *se in(l*ence line.

RE0ERENCES

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1. I%#1*"%)" L$%"+ www.+*#lic.iastate.ed*EI(ano*sEce''2Ein(l*enc"Eho"e+age.ht"l

2. I%#1*"%)" L$%"+ 2 Stat$)a113 4"t"r'$%at" )&%t$%*&*+ 5"a' www.+*#lic.iastate.ed*EI(ano*sEce''2Ein(l*enceEtwos+an#ea".ht" '. I%#1*"%)" 1$%"+ a%4 t6"$r a771$)at$&% we#.nGit.ed*Eci)ilE(a#ricEintroEcha+ter5.+d(

4. $%#1*"%)" 1$%"+ #&r +tat$)a113 4"t"r'$%at" +tr*)t*r"+ www.engr."*n.caEIswa"idasEENJI32%$&Str*ct*ralBnal!sis ClassNotes'.++t

5. Str*)t*ra1 A%a13+$+ 0$#t6 E4$t$&% C! 6 - . C Ki##eler ener#it 6 rentice Kall

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PROCEDURES USIN/ MOMENT APPARATUS