JABATAN PEMBANGUNAN KEMAHIRAN

KEMENTERIAN SUMBER MANUSIA

ARAS 7 & 8 BLOK D4, KOMPLEKS D
PUSAT PENTADBIRAN KERAJAAN PERSEKUTUAN
62502 PUTRAJAYA

KERTAS PENERANGAN
INFORMATION SHEET
KOD DAN NAMA
PROGRAM / PROGRAM
CODE AND NAME

I-031-3 VOCATIONAL TRAINING OFFICER

TAHAP / LEVEL

L3

NO DAN TAJUK MODUL/ M01 INTRODUCTION TO TEACHING AND LEARNING

MODULE NO AND TITLE

NO DAN PERNYATAAN
TUGASAN / TASK(S) NO
AND STATEMENT

OBJEKTIF MODUL /
MODUL OBJECTIVE

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04.01 FACILITATE TRAINING/LEARNING

04.02 MOTIVATE TRAINEE
04.03 MENTOR TRAINEE
04.04 COACH TRAINEE
04.05 SUPERVISE TRAINEE
04.06 COUNSEL TRAINEE
INTRODUCE INSTRUCTOR TO TEACHING AND
LEARNING SKILLS USING NOSS, COURSE OF STUDY,
INSTRUCTOR/TRAINEE PROFILE, RECORD OF PRIOR
LEARNING, CONDUCIVE FACILITIES, MOTIVATIONAL
RESOURCES (I.T COURSEWARE AND SOFTWARE,
PAMPHLETS, AVA) SO THAT TRAINING / LEARNING
NEEDS IDENTIFIED, FACILITATION PREPARED AND
EXECUTED CANDIDATE TO BE MOTIVATED IDENTIFIED,
METHOD OF MENTORING SELECTED AND MENTORING
PROCESSES IMPLEMENTED, ATTENTION CREATED,
INTEREST DEVELOPED AND DESIRED EXPECTATION
IMPLEMENTED SUPERVISION SELECTED AND
SUPERVISION PROCESSES IMPLEMENTED, METHOD OF
COUNSELING SELECTED AND COUNSELING
PROCESSES IMPLEMENTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH JOB
SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARD
OPERATION PROCEDURES, MOTIVATIONAL
REQUIREMENTS, MENTORING REQUIREMENTS AND
CANDIDATE NEEDS, COACHING REQUIREMENTS AND
CANDIDATE NEEDS, SUPERVISION REQUIREMENTS AND
CANDIDATE NEEDS AND COUNSELING REQUIREMENTS
AND CANDIDATE NEEDS.
I-031-3/M01/P(3/21)

TAJUK / : LAWS OF LEARNING

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TOPIC
TUJUAN / :
PURPOSE
Years of research in the psychology of learning have resulted in the development of five Laws of
Learning. The instructors methods of instructor, instructional materials and personal conduct
should be based on the principles that led to their development. Therefore, instructors should
understand them and be able to apply the principles which they involve. This information sheet
defines the Laws of Learning and gives brief explanations about each of them.

INFORMATION:
The characteristics of the way in which trainees learned are explained in Information Sheet
on How People Learn. These characteristics provide the basic for the five laws of Learning.
They are:1.

Law of Readiness

2.

Law of Effect

3.

Law of Exercise

4.

Law of Primacy

5.

Law of Intensity

THE LAW OF READINESS

It is easier for trainees to pay attention to instruction and make progress in learning when they
have a strong purpose for learning something. Thus, it is easier for trainees to learn those
things in which they are interested and have a desire to learn. In short, trainees learn best
when they are ready and willing to learn.

Readiness to learn is either emotional or mental. Trainees are emotionally ready when they
feel like doing the work and have a positive attitude towards it. They are mentally ready when
they have the necessary experience and/or background on which to build.

Emotional readiness is affected by the trainees feeling about the thing to be learned. They
have a pleasant feeling of satisfaction when they want to learn it. On the other hand, they have
an unpleasant feeling of annoyance; (1) if they denied the opportunity to learn when they want
to; (2) if they are forced to learn when they are not ready.

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The instructors job is to established and maintains in the trainees a state of readiness to learn.
To help achieve this end he should:1.

Self the trainee on learning the skill or knowledge;

2.

Show or explain the benefit of things to be learned;

3.

Make it possible for the trainee to experience early success;

4.

Show his interest in the trainee and in the lesson;

5.

Get the trainee to use the skill or knowledge as soon as possible;

6.

Avoid annoying conditions or distracting situations that reduce trainees attentions;

7.

Avoid situations that may cause feelings of fear, worry or anger;

8.

Respect all questions.

THE LAW OF EFFECT

As you have learned, trainees tend to repeat and learn the things that are accompanied by
pleasant feelings and they tend not to repeat and the things that are accompanied by unpleasant
feelings. They have pleasant feelings of satisfaction when they are successful and unpleasant
feelings of failure when unsuccessful. Consequently, they learn more quickly and tend to repeat
those things which give them feelings of success. So, learning is stronger and retained longer
when trainees are successful in their attempts to learn.
This law is closely related to the Law of Readiness and some of their features overlap. Therefore,
to insure that trainees get satisfaction from learning, the instructor should apply all of the points
under Readiness. In addition, he should:
1.

Make first jobs or lessons easy enough for trainees to complete successfully;

2.

Be courteous, tolerant and helpful to the trainees;

3.

Do every thing possible short of doing it for him to make the trainees first attempt successful;

4.

Be tolerant of the first error, the second and perhaps, the third;

5.

Select and present lessons on the trainees level;

6.

Let the trainee know what he is expected to do;

7.

Praise improvements in performance;

8.

Keep the trainee informed about his progress.

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THE LAW OF EXERCISE

Trainees learn by doing, so purposeful repetition tends to strengthen learning. The more often a
mental or manipulative action is repeated, the greater will be the ease of performance and the
sooner the action will become a well-established habit. Consequently, the effectiveness of
learning depends on the amount of repetition provided in the instructing learning activities.
This law follows and agrees exactly with the Laws of Readiness and Effect. In order to apply it,
the instructor should:1. Provide purposeful repetitive practice of mental and manipulative skills;
2. Make certain that the skills are practiced correctly;
3. Provide purposeful repetitive practice of mental and manipulative skills;
4. Make certain that the skills are practiced correctly;
5. Insure that repetitions provide trainee improvement and satisfaction;
6. Repeat and summarize the key points of theory and demonstration lessons;
7. Ask questions that require repetition of those key points;
6. Provide for practical applications of lesson content as soon as possible after instruction

THE LAW OF PRIMACY

Trainees learn better and retain longer the first things they are taught about the skill or topic.
Their

first impression tends to be lasting impression whether they are correct or incorrect.

Therefore, learning correct things first is easier than learning an incorrect things, then, trying to
forget it and learn the correct things. In order to help insure that the first impressions are correct,
the instructor should:1. Always teach correct things;
2. Never teach incorrect things;
3. Know the skill and knowledge thoroughly before trying to teach it;
4. Prepare and use lesson plan;
5. Present lesson in logical step-by-step order;
6. Prepare for effective presentations before the lessons;
7. Make certain that the trainee is instructed correctly and practices the mental or manipulative
skills exactly as he was instructed.

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THE LAW OF INTENSITY

The effectiveness of learning depends on the vividness of the learning experience. Trainees
remember longer and more clearly those learning experience that make the greatest impact or
impression on them. Effective learning insures longer retention.
To insure more effective lesson that aid retention, the instructor should:-

1. Use instructional aids frequently and correctly;

2. Make the subject matter meaningful to the trainee;
3. Emphasize key points with gestures, voices variety and showmanship;
4. Use class participation as much as possible.

IMPLICATIONS FOR INSTRUCTING

It has been established that the learning process becomes complete only when the trainees are
engaged in putting into practice what they have seen, heard or read. It is the job of the instructor
to plan the experience in which trainees complete the learning process. Then, he must apply the
principles of the Laws of Learning while he guides them through the planned experiences.

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QUESTIONS:

1. Name three aspects of the instructors work that should be based on the Laws of Learning.

2. Name the law that deals with each of the following:Motivating trainees to learn : Law of
Satisfaction from learning : Law of
Purposeful repetition
: Law of
Effect of first impression
: Law of
Vivid impressions
: Law of

3. Name and explain the two kinds of readiness:-

REFERENCE:
1. SYLLABUS TRADE INSTRUCTOR TRAINING- Prepared by The Training Service, Manpower

Department Kuala Lumpur,1972 JTR / PL.4