Chemical Engineering Department

EXPERIMENT:- 10 ACCIDENT AND ITS PREVENTION

[A]

PRINCIPLE OF ACCIDENT PREVENTION.

Heinrich, after careful study of 75,000 lost time accident cases from insurance files, found that 98% of the accidents were caused either unsafe action or unsafe mechanical or physical condition of both and that they could be prevented by correction of the unsafe acts and the conditions.

[B]

ACCIDENT SEQUENCE. The basic theory of accident occurrence may be briefly stated as !"# $ personal in%ury occurs only as the result of an accident. !&# $n accident occurs only as a result of an unsafe actions or e'posure to an unsafe mechanical or physical condition or both. !(# )nsafe actions or unsafe mechanical or physical conditions e'ist only because of faults on the part of persons. !*# +aults of person are inherited or ac,uired from the environment and the reasons or causes for the faults are, i# -mproper attitude. ii# .ac/ of /nowled0e or s/ill.

Accident & its prevention

Chemical Engineering Department iii# 1hysical unsuitability. iv# -mproper mechanical or v# 1hysical environment. [C] THE FOUR ULTIMATE CAUSE FOR THE FAULTS OR PERSON MAY BE DECDITED AS UNDER.

(a I!"#$"%# a&&'&()%: 2isre0ard of dan0er, rec/less, la3y, disloyal, uncooperative, fearful, oversensitive, e0oistical, %ealous, impatient, absentminded, e'citable obsession, phobia, inconsiderate, intolerant, and mentally unsuited in 0eneral. (* La+, $- ,.$/0%)1% $# 2,'00: -n sufficiently informed, misunderstands, not convinced of need, indecision, ine'perienced, etc. (+ P342'+a0 (.2('&a*'0'&4: Hearin0, si0ht, a0e, se', hei0ht, ill, aller0ic, slow reaction, crippled, into'ication, physically handicapped in 0eneral. () I!"#$"%# !%+3a.'+a0 $# "342'+a0 %.5'#$.!%.&: 4pace, li0ht, heat arran0ement, ventilation, materials, tools, e,uipments, procedures, company policy, routin0 etc. ma/e it aw/ward difficult, inconvenient, embarrassin0 or impossible to follow safe practice rules. [D] UNSAFE ACTIONS:5lassification, causes and prevention These are 0enerally classified under the followin0 heads. !"# 6peratin0 without authority failure to warn. !&# 6peratin0 or wor/in0 at unsafe speed. !(# 7a/in0 safety devices inoperative. !*# )sin0 unsafe e,uipment, hands, instead of e,uipment, or e,uipment unsafely. !5# )nsafe loadin0, placin0, mi'in0, combinin0, etc8 !9# Ta/in0 unsafe position or posture. !7# :or/in0 on movin0 or dan0erous e,uipment. !8# 2istractin0, teasin0, abusin0 startlin0 etc. and !9# +ailure to use safe attire or personal protective devices.

Accident & its prevention

Chemical Engineering Department [E] UNSAFE MECHANICAL6PHYSICAL CONDITIONS. )nsafe mechanical or physical conditions are 0enerally classified under the followin0 heads. !"#-nade,uately 0uarded. !&#)n0uarded a. )n0uarde !(# 2efective condition ;rou0h, sharp, slippery, decayed, corroded, frayed, 5rac/ed, etc. !*#)nsafe desi0n or construction. !5#Ha3ardous arran0ement, process, etc. !pillin0, stora0e, aisle space, e'its, layout, overload, misali0nment# !9#)nsafe illumination !inade,uate or unsuitable#. !7#)nsafe dress or apparel and !8#-nherent ha3ard in the process. !9#)nsafe ventilation !inade,uate or improperly distributed# [F] PREVENTION METHOD. The well /nown prevention methods mentioned earlier can be summari3ed as < !"# =n0ineerin0 revision. !&# -nstruction, persuasion and appeal. !(# 1ersonal ad%ustment and !*# 2iscipline.

Accident & its prevention