EXAM FOR LESSONS 1-11 REVIEW:

Particles:
o o o o

Indicates subject by coming after them Meanings: is/ am/ are emphasizes what comes after it use when something has already been introduced emphasizes what comes before it used with / identifier particle used to mark questions words suchs as: doko, dare, nanni, nan used to introduce new ideas EX: Bob . -> I am Bob. Bob -> I am Bod. Possessive Meanings: apostrophe S /of Makes something possessive EX: -> It is Tanaka sans dog. Meanings: Also/Too EX: -> Me too/Me also The Direct Object Shows what the direct object is; used when an action is DIRECTLY being done EX: -> Eat Sushi Not used when you arent directly involved in the action Movement and Time ALSO used to mean from (a person) . (I received flowers from Yamada-san) Used to show what an action is directed to shows destinations, directions, places, and time EX: ->I will go to Japan. -> At 3 I will eat sushi.

o o o o

o o

o o o o

o o

o o o

Emphasizing the Destination Similar to the particle but emphasizes the destination More like heading towards EX: -> Heading towards Japan.

o o o o

Shows context Meanings: by way of / at Can show how and where an action takes place EX: -> I went by car. -> I ate at the restaurant Question marker used at the end of a sentence to make a question USed to list nouns when you are listing everything and you know everything on the list Sentence ending that gives a isnt it feeling used to receive agreement for what you are saying Sentence ending that gives a you know feeling when relaying new information

o o

Badass Expressions (7-11) -- may I come in? (used by a visitor) -- how nice of you to come (welcome) -- please come in -- may I? (im afraid i am disturbing you) -- would you like to have? (when offering something) -- thank you/i accept (before starting to eat or drink) -- wont you have another cup of [~]? -- no thank you -- its almost time to leave now -- please come again

 -- Wont you join me/us? -- so you cannot come? -- please ask me again some other time -- welcome/may I help you (greeting to a customer) -- nice weather, isnt it? -- are you going out? -- im just going to ~ -- so long (lit. go and come back) -- so long. (lit. im going and coming back) -- and, furthermore FAMILY and stuff Someone elses family: Mother -- Father-- Grandmother -- Grandfather -- Younger Bro -- Younger Sis -- Big Bro -- Big Sis -- Your/My Family Mother -- Father -- Grandmother -- Grandfather -- Younger Bro -- Younger Sis -- Big Bro -- Big Sis --

COUNTERS Thin/Flat Things:

Machines

Books: Drinks/cups/glasses:

Thin/Long Things:

Frequency: Persons: Misc Things:

EXPRESSIONS OF TIME:

DAY The Day Before Yesterday Yesterday Today Tomorrow The Day After Tomorrow Everyday

MORNING The Morning Before Last Yesterday Morning This Morning Tomorrow Morning The Morning After the Next Every Morning

NIGHT The Night Before Last Last Night Tonight Tomorrow Night The Night After Next Every Night

WEEK The Week Before Last Last Week This Week Next Week Week After Next Every Week

MONTH The Month Before Last Last Month This Month Next Month Month After Next Every Month

YEAR The Year Before Last Last Year This Year Next Year Year After Next Every Year

GRAMMAR LL1-11: L1: o N1 N2 o o N1 N2 o S o N o N1 N2 L2: o Demonstratives; They work as nouns Kore: near the speaker, Sore: near the listener, Are: far away from speaker and listener o N N/ N Noun Modifiers; Refers to a thing or a person near the speaker/listener/far from both This N L3: o koko/soko/asoko refer to a place kochira/sochira/achira refer to a location more politely o N1 N2 (Place) used to explain where a place, a thing, or a person is

L10:
o

N used to indicate the existence or presence of a thing(s) or person(s) things that are alive/people inanimate objects N1 (Place) N2 The place where N2 is present is indicated by the particle You can ask what or who is present at/in a place N1