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EE0241

GREEN BUILDING
1KAVITHA

SHARMA

2R.SUSHMA

Abstract:
Green building brings together a vast array of practices and techniques to reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and human health. But effective green buildings are more than just a random collection of environmental friendly technologies. They require careful, systemic attention to the full life cycle impacts of the resources embodied in the building and to the resource consumption and pollution emissions over the building's complete life cycle.

Keywords:
Green building,Green Architecture,Indoor air quality.

Conclusion:
Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency with which buildings use resources energy, water, and materials while reducing building impacts on human health and the environment, through better siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal the complete building life cycle.

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1.I Year EEE HITECH COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH Diva_2107@yahoo.co.in 2.I Year EEE HITECH COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH rudralas@yahoo.co.in

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Introduction:
On the aesthetic side of green architecture or sustainable design is the philosophy of designing a building that is in harmony with the natural features and resources surrounding the site. There are several key steps in designing sustainable buildings: specify 'green' building materials from local sources, reduce loads, optimize systems, and generate on-site renew The related concepts of sustainable development and sustainability are integral to green building. Effective green building can lead to 1) reduced operating costs by increasing productivity and using less energy and water, 2) improved public and occupant health due to improved indoor air quality, and 3) reduced environmental impacts by, for example, lessening storm water runoff and the heat island effect. Practitioners of green building often seek to achieve not only ecological but aesthetic harmony between a structure and its surrounding natural and built environment, although the appearance and style of sustainable buildings is not necessarily distinguishable from their less sustainable counterparts. Buildings have a profound effect on the environment, which is why green building practices are so important to reduce and perhaps one day eliminate those impacts. In the United States, buildings account for:

between 40 and 49% of total energy use 25% of total water consumption 70% of total electricity consumption 38% of total carbon dioxide emissions[2]

Building materials typically considered to be 'green' include rapidly renewable plant materials like bamboo and straw, lumber from forests certified to be sustainably managed,dimension stone, recycled stone, recycled metal, and other products that are non-toxic, reusable, renewable, and/or recyclable. Building materials should be extracted and manufactured locally to the building site to minimize the energy embedded in their transportation. Low-impact building materials are used wherever feasible: for example, insulation may be made from low VOC (volatile organic compound)-emitting materials such as recycled denim or cellulose insulation, rather than the building insulation materials that may contain carcinogenic or toxic materials such as formaldehyde. To discourage insect damage, these alternate insulation materials may be treated with boric acid. Organic or milk-based paints may be used.[5] However, a common fallacy is that "green" materials are always better for the health of occupants or the environment. To minimize the energy loads within and on the structure, it is critical to orient the building to take advantage of cooling breezes and sunlight

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Overview
The green building ideas on this page for each room are by no means complete: there are always more innovative ideas that can be applied to specific si tuations and, as technology improves, new ways to save energy and resources, improve air quality, and so on. Use the room ideas as a guide for discussion with your architect and contractor. Always keep an open mind to new ideas and choose whatever works best for your building or renovation project.

Attic
Reflect heat away from your home by installing a radiant barrier on the underside of your roof. A radiant barrier is simply a sheet of aluminum foil with paper backing that can reduce heat gains through y our ceiling by 95 percent. They are particularly helpful if you have air conditioning ducts running through your attic, because the lower attic temperature keeps the ducts cooler. In fact, some homeowners save more from cooler ducts than from the benefits of keeping the ceiling cool.

Solar
Adding a solar heating system to your home is one way to combat increasing energy costs and to raise the value of your home. If the sun shines on your home for most of the day in the winter, it is a potential candidate fo r a solar heating retrofit. The two major types of active solar retrofits are solar hot water fluid collectors that heat a fluid circulated within them, and air collectors that heat air to be distributed in the house with fans. Additionally, you might cons ider

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photovoltaic panels that contain hundreds of small silicon cells that collect the suns energy and change it into electricity that can be used in the home.

Bathroom
In the U.S., showers account for 18 percent of indoor water use and 37 percent of a homes hot water use. A family of four each showering five minutes a day will use about 700 gallons per week a three year drinking supply for one person in the U.S. A high performance showerhead uses 1 -1.5 gallons per minute up to 60 percent less water than a traditional showerhead and will pay for itself in mere months from water-heating energy savings alone.

Nursery Room
Since WW II, at least 75,000 new synthetic compounds have been developed and released into the environment; fewer than half of these have been tested for potential toxicity to humans, and still fewer have been assessed for their particular toxicity to children. To make the nursery healthy for a new child, look for these safer products: no-VOC paint, solid wood flooring, unbleached cotton mattresses and clothing, formaldehyde-free medium density fiberboard cribs, wooden toys or toys stuffed with natural fibers.

Kitchen
As youre designing your kitchen, think about creating a space that wont have to be remodeled again, thereby saving energy and resources in the future. You should be able to move around three key cooking areas the stove, the sink, and the refrigeratoreasily. Consider adding features that allow you to do more than just cook and eatlike adding a small desk in an unused space or creating an area for entertaining. Also, installing a recycling center into the cabinetry makes recycling kitchen waste more convenient.

Exterior
A homes exterior wall surface is one of its most visible and defining features. Ideally, you want to choose an aesthetically appealing siding material one that can stave off years of harsh weather, that will require minimal repainting and waterproofing, and that will optimize or avoid the use of wood. When you re -side your home, it is also a good time to consider wrapping the house with rigid foam to increase the wall insulation.

Office
As you plan for your new office space, consider what you will do with your obsolete electronic equipment. According to the Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, electronic equipment is one of the largest known sources of heavy metals, toxic materials, and organic pollutants in municipal trash waste. Encourage electronic equipment recycling in your jurisdiction and support retailers like Best Buy and Staples that have started holding special collection days where people can bring in old electronics for recycling.

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Basement
Fixing up the basement is the easiest and most cost-effective way to create more space in your home. The basement can be transformed into a recreation area, rental suite, or home office. However, beware of a wet basement! If you cant afford to completely remedy basement moisture problems, do not attempt to renovate this area. The finish materials will simply rot and cause odor and health problems. Call a professional or use a full-face respirator for severe mold issues.

Government GREEN BUILDING TIMELINE

Pre-20th Century structures were designed and built by builder -architects who had an ability to understand the entire building from design through construction and lifetime operations. They incorporated enduring passive design and simple mechanical systems to heat, cool a nd light buildings. Architects in the 21st Century will look back upon these ideas to relearn the basics of climatic design. 1930s new building technologies began to transform urban landscape. Advent of air conditioning, low-wattage fluorescent lighting, structural steel, and reflective glass made possible enclosed glass and steel structures that could be heated and cooled with massive HVAC systems, thanks to availability of cheap fossil fuels. These technologies began a sadly regressive movement in architecture in which architects began to ignore climate issues and their effect on buildings and occupants. Increasing complexity in the industry also brought about specialization in professionals, leading to the loss of the generalists, the builder -architects. This specialization led to an increasing lack of communication between the professionals and therefore of lack of whole systems thinking in designing the various parts of the building. This problem will only begin to be addressed by the start of the 21st Century through the integrated design process. 1970s, a small group of forward-thinking architects, environmentalists, and ecologists inspired by work of Victor Olgyay (Design with Climate), Ralph Knowles (Form and Stability), and Rachel Carson (Sile nt Spring), began to question the advisability of building in this manner. 1973 in response to energy crisis, American Institute of Architects (AIA) formed an energy task force, later the AIA Committee on Energy 1977 The Department of Energy was created to address energy usage and conservation 1977 Solar Energy Research Institute was founded (later National Renewable Energy Laboratory) in Golden, CO 1980 - The Sustainable Buildings Industry Council (SBIC) was founded by the major building trade associations as the Passive Solar Industries Council. 1987 UN World Commission on the Environment and Development

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provided the first definition of the term sustainable development, as that which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 1989 The AIA Energy Committee formed into the AIA Committee on the Environment (COTE) 1990 Austin Green Building Program launched (Austin, TX) 1992 AIA Environmental Resource Guide the first assessment of building products based on life cycle analysis. Credited with encouraging numerous building product manufacturers to make their products m ore ecologically sensitive. 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, or Earth Summit. Passage of Agenda 21, a blueprint for achieving global sustainability, the Rio declaration on Environment and Development, and statements on forest principles, climate change, and biodiversity. 1992 Rio Earth Summit awards Austin Green Building Program on of only ten awards for most innovative government environmental programs in the world, the only one awarded to a US program. 1993 Inspired at Earth Summit, AIA president-elect chose sustainability as theme for International Union of Architects (UIA)/AIA World Congress of Architects. Signed a declaration of Interdependence for a Sustainable Future by AIA president Susan Maxman and UIA president Olufemi Majekodunmi. Today, the Architecture at the Crossroads convention is recognized as a turning point in the history of the green building movement. 1993 Greening of the White House: President Clinton announced plans to make the Presidential mansion a model for efficiency and waste reduction. This encouraged participants to green other properties: the Pentagon, the Presidio, and the US Department of Energy Headquarters, Grand Canyon, Yellowstone, Alaskas Denali 1993 US Green Building Council Founded 1994 City of Boulder, CO, GreenPoints Program launched (Boulder, CO) 1995 The Built Green Colorado Program launched (Denver, CO) 1997 - Build a Better Kitsap Program launched (Kitsap County, WA) 1997 The Navy initiated the development of the Whole Building Design Guide, an online resource that incorporates sustainability requirements into mainstream specifications and guidelines. They incorporate sustainable design into the majority of their new projects. 1998 Green Building Challenge Reps from 14 nations met to create an international assessment tool that takes into account regional and national environmental, economic, and social equity conditions 1998 Build a Better Clark Program launched (Clark County, WA) 1998 City of Scottsdale, AZ Sustainable Building Program launched (Scottsdale, AZ) 1998 AIA/COTE Top 10 Green Projects to call attention to successful sustainable design 1998 President Clinton issued first of 3 greening buildings executive orders 1999 Earth Craft House Program launched (Atlanta, GA) 1999 Executive Order 12852 established President Council on Sustainable Development final report, recommending 140 actions to

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improve the nations environment, many related to building sustainability. 2000 Increasing number of municipalities and corporations begin to demand and set internal standards for green buildings within their organizations. Growth in green building organizations, attendance at professional conferences, and consumer awareness grows exponentially.

FAST FACTS ABOUT YOUR HOME Water:

Older toilets use 3.7-7 gallons per flush Dishwashers use 8-14 gallons per cycle Top-loading washers use 45 gallons/load A dripping faucet waste 15-21 gallons per day US water users withdraw enough water to fill a line of Olympic -size swimming pools reaching around the world EVERY DAY (300 billion gallons) Although our planet is 71 percent water, humans depend on a mere .65 percent of the water for survival much of which is polluted. About a quarter of the nations largest industrial plants and water treatment facilities are in serious violation of pollution standards at any one time. An estimated 7 million Americans are made sick annually by contaminated tap water; in some rare cases this results in death.

Indoor Air Quality:

US EPA ranks indoor air pollution among top five environmental risks. Unhealthy air is found in up to 30% of new and renovated buildings W.H.O. reports that indoor air pollution causes 14 times more deaths than outdoor air pollution (2.8 million lives) Of hundreds of EPA-regulated chemicals, only ozone and sulfur dioxide are more prevalent outdoor than indoors 20 percent of all housing in the US has too much lead dust or chippings (causes kidney and red blood cell damage, impairs mental and physical development, may increase high blood pressure)

Wood:

Although the US is home to only 4.5 percent of the global population, it is responsible for over 15 percent of the worlds consumption of wood.

Pesticides:

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In the US, pesticides poison 110,000 people each year. More than one third of calls to animal poison control centers result from pets exposed to pesticides. The volatile organic compounds (including pesticides) found indoors are believe to cause 3,000 cases of cancer a year in the US. According to the New York State Attorney Generals office, 95 percent of the pesticides used on residential lawns are considered probable carcinogens by the E

Government GREEN BUILDING TIMELINE

Pre-20th Century structures were designed and built by builder -architects who had an ability to understand the entire building from design through construction and lifetime operations. They incorporated enduring passive design and simple mechanical systems to heat, cool and light buildings. Architects in the 21st Century will look back upon these ideas to rel earn the basics of climatic design. 1930s new building technologies began to transform urban landscape. Advent of air conditioning, low-wattage fluorescent lighting, structural steel, and reflective glass made possible enclosed glass and steel structur es that could be heated and cooled with massive HVAC systems, thanks to availability of cheap fossil fuels. These technologies began a sadly regressive movement in architecture in which architects began to ignore climate issues and their effect on buildings and occupants. Increasing complexity in the industry also brought about specialization in professionals, leading to the loss of the generalists, the builder -architects. This specialization led to an increasing lack of communication between the professionals and therefore of lack of whole systems thinking in designing the various parts of the building. This problem will only begin to be addressed by the start of the 21st Century through the integrated design process. 1970s, a small group of forward-thinking architects, environmentalists, and ecologists inspired by work of Victor Olgyay (Design with Climate), Ralph Knowles (Form and Stability), and Rachel Carson (Silent Spring), began to question the advisability of building in this manner. 1973 in response to energy crisis, American Institute of Architects (AIA) formed an energy task force, later the AIA Committee on Energy 1977 The Department of Energy was created to address energy usage and conservation 1977 Solar Energy Research Institute was founded (later National Renewable Energy Laboratory) in Golden, CO 1980 - The Sustainable Buildings Industry Council (SBIC) was founded by the major building trade associations as the Passive Solar Industries

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Council. 1987 UN World Commission on the Environment and Development provided the first definition of the term sustainable development, as that which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 1989 The AIA Energy Committee formed into the AIA Committee on the Environment (COTE) 1990 Austin Green Building Program launched (Austin, TX) 1992 AIA Environmental Resource Guide the first assessment of building products based on life cycle analysis. Credited with enco uraging numerous building product manufacturers to make their products more ecologically sensitive. 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, or Earth Summit. Passage of Agenda 21, a blueprint for achieving global sustainability, the Rio declaration on Environment and Development, and statements on forest principles, climate change, and biodiversity. 1992 Rio Earth Summit awards Austin Green Building Program on of only ten awards for most innovative government environmental programs in the world, the only one awarded to a US program. 1993 Inspired at Earth Summit, AIA president-elect chose sustainability as theme for International Union of Architects (UIA)/AIA World Congress of Architects. Signed a declaration of Interdependence for a Sustainable Future by AIA president Susan Maxman and UIA president Olufemi Majekodunmi. Today, the Architecture at the Crossroads convention is recognized as a turning point in the history of the green building movement. 1993 Greening of the White House: President Clinton announced plans to make the Presidential mansion a model for efficiency and waste reduction. This encouraged participants to green other properties: the Pentagon, the Presidio, and the US Department of Energy Headquarters, Grand Canyon, Yellowstone, Alaskas Denali 1993 US Green Building Council Founded 1994 City of Boulder, CO, GreenPoints Program launched (Boulder, CO) 1995 The Built Green Colorado Program launched (Denver, CO) 1997 - Build a Better Kitsap Program launched (Kitsap County, WA) 1997 The Navy initiated the development of the Whole Building Design Guide, an online resource that incorporates sustainability requirements into mainstream specifications and guidelines. They incorpo rate sustainable design into the majority of their new projects. 1998 Green Building Challenge Reps from 14 nations met to create an international assessment tool that takes into account regional and national environmental, economic, and social equity conditions 1998 Build a Better Clark Program launched (Clark County, WA) 1998 City of Scottsdale, AZ Sustainable Building Program launched (Scottsdale, AZ) 1998 AIA/COTE Top 10 Green Projects to call attention to successful sustainable design 1998 President Clinton issued first of 3 greening buildings executive orders 1999 Earth Craft House Program launched (Atlanta, GA)

www.jntuworld.com

1999 Executive Order 12852 established President Council on Sustainable Development final report, recommending 140 actions to improve the nations environment, many related to building sustainability. 2000 Increasing number of municipalities and corporations begin to demand and set internal standards for green buildings within their organizations. Growth in green building organizations, attendance at professional conferences, and consumer awareness grows ex ponentially.