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Patent CN102782767A - Method of providing impact in vacuum - Google Patents

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Method of providing impact in vacuum

CN 102782767 A
ABSTRACT
In space, a linear accelerator firing charged pellets can be situated at a large distance from a target at which the pellets are aimed. The accelerator can fire a graduated- speed train of pellets over a period of seconds or longer which arrive at the target simultaneously, and impart a large pulse of energy. An accelerator of modest power can thus provide a pulse in the megajoule range, sufficient to ignite fusion. It is necessary to provide course corrections to the pellets, to bring them together with very high precision as they approach the target. An ideal siting is to place the accelerator at the Earth-Moon L1 or L2 Lagrange point (1), and the fusion target at a point (2) on the surface of the Moon (3) where the pellets will strike at grazing incidence, i.e. on a great circle intersecting the lunar poles.

Publication number Publication type Application number PCT number Publication date Filing date Priority date Also published as Inventors Applicant

CN102782767 A Application CN 201180012178 PCT/GB2011/000009 Nov 14, 2012 Jan 4, 2011 Jan 4, 2010 EP2522018A2, WO2011080523A2, WO2011080523A3

Classifications (7), Legal Events (2) External Links: SIPO, Espacenet

Length of the particle trajectory (4) is over 60000 km.; A first incoming course correction station sited on a lunar mountaintop can then be positioned as much as 150 km before the target. Siting on the Earth's surface is also possible, with a vacuum tube connecting accelerator and target, although the accelerator power needed increases in inverse proportion to the accelerator-target separation.

DESCRIPTION translated from Chinese

In vacuo to provide a method Impact [0001] In the 1960s and 1970s, people studied the possibility of shock-induced nuclear fusion energy is the bullet to ~ 1000 km / s Extreme Rapid fire to the target. However, at this rate to 10 mg with a launch mass of the bullet is extremely difficult. Then and now, the most reasonable approach would be charged after the transformation of the bullet in particle accelerators to accelerate. Unfortunately, a macroscopic objects with the amount of charge that can be excluded by the self-limitation is likely to cause a sudden burst and result FET atoms evaporate from the surface. Macroscopic objects accelerations and vibration can also be a limiting factor. That the use of the most optimistic estimates, with an ideal diamond as "bullets", the necessary length of the accelerator is> 100 km. Another method is to use a particle cluster (herein also referred to as particles or granules), or heavy ions to replace a single bullet, which will reduce the length of the accelerator. Unfortunately, this strategy has several problems, including the need for very high power accelerators. [0002] However, the fusion reactor in space that can be used in the design parameters is not practical on Earth. If there is a vacuum space of a very long, in the micro linear accelerator in order to emit during a group of particles increasing flow velocity, the particle motion of the first batch of the slowest and fastest final particle motion, leading to the particle stream In the space forming a cluster. The power for this purpose accelerator vacuum spacing is inversely proportional. [0003] As a specific example, as shown in Figure I, it is envisaged accelerator located in the Earth - Moon system Lagrange (Lagrange) point (I), from the lunar surface (3) there are 62,000 km distance. Accelerator beam emitted particles. Trajectory along which particles (4) at a glancing angle toward the surface of the moon (2), and their grazing point of intersection with the lunar poles of a large circle. Particle passage time of about one minute. If more than 5 seconds particle beam within the time being issued at different speeds, the speed of the first group of particles in ~ 960 km / s, between the speed of the particle last batch ~ 1040

CLAIMS (29) translated from Chinese

A method for providing a shock to the target device and method, comprising: a large particle accelerator capable of transmitting; the accelerator and the target of the vacuum spaced intervals; said accelerator at different times at different speeds emitting particles so that at least some particles in the vacuum interval and gathered close to each other in order to impact the target group for the . (2) as claimed in claim I wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: said fusion ignition caused by shocks. 3 according to claim 2, wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: emitting a series of sequence of said accelerator particles, particles of the order of the series of at least some of the particles moves faster than the particles of the immediately preceding The moving speed. As claimed in claim 3, wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: said transmitting said particle accelerator time interval shorter than the individual particles of the time required for passing through said accelerator. 5 according to claim 4 wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: said accelerator is a linear accelerator; transmitted along a direction substantially parallel to said particles. As claimed in claim 5 wherein the apparatus and method, into further comprises: at least these particles collide with each other to achieve the target front to form clumps of the mass density of at least uncompressed particle density twice. As claimed in claim 6 wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: said vacuum space greater than I km in length.

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a few megawatts (MW) of the input power.

Patent CN102782767A - Method of providing impact in vacuum - Google Patents

As claimed in claim 7 wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: said vacuum space in length greater than 1000 km. (10) according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, or 8 in the apparatus and method described, into step comprises: PORTABLE charge the particles, and the particles accelerated by an electric field. A process according to claim 9 wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: at least a portion of said accelerator comprises a two-phase alternating current drive electrodes. As claimed in claim 9 wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: at least a portion of said accelerator comprises a phase of the three-phase AC drive or higher electrode, so that each particle in this section subjected during passage a substantially constant acceleration. 12 as claimed in claim 9 wherein the apparatus and method, into further comprises: at least some particles out from the accelerator, the amount of charge on the particles is reduced. 13 as claimed in claim 12 wherein the apparatus and method, into further comprises: at least some particles accelerators and said passage between said target during the position at more than , these particles The amount of charge is reduced. 14 as claimed in claim 12 wherein the apparatus and method, into further comprises: at least some particles before reaching the target, the amount of charge on the particles is substantially reduced to zero. 15 according to Claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8, wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: providing for the individual particles after leaving the accelerator is measured at one or more points the position of the individual particles of the body; provided in said position measuring particle trajectory after the correction mechanism. Method according to claim 15, wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: a position of the measuring mechanism comprises particles electronic camera; the camera including the very short duration of exposure of the light pulse. 17 as claimed in claim 15, wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: said trajectory correction individual particles rapid conversion mechanism includes an electrode, when the particles are rapidly converted from the vicinity of the electrode through the conversion of the rapidly providing transient electric field electrodes. 18 as claimed in claim 15, wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: said individual particles trajectory correction mechanism comprises rapidly converted current, when particles from the vicinity of the current is rapidly converted through the conversion of the rapidly The current provides a magnetic field transient. 19. According to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8, the apparatus and method described, into step comprises: intense heating at least a portion of the target. The process according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8, wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: a strong compressing at least a portion of the target. 21 according to Claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8, the apparatus and method

km / sec, all particles will reach the target simultaneously. Accelerator only takes

[0004] On the way, the movement of these particles must be small corrections route. Leaving the accelerator after the first correction is relatively simple. However, when the particles are about to reach the moon surface must be more accurate correction. This is why the choice of grazing angle: the advantages of using the lunar topography, the first correction stations and nuclear reactors located at the top of the hill two kilometers high the moon, the first correction distance between the station and the reactors can reach about 100 miles . [0005] Accelerator design is very similar to the linear accelerator of elementary particles, but it runs at a lower frequency as the particle velocity is the speed of light to 1/300. To this end the distance between electrodes does not become RF resonator, and can select a dielectric (non-conductive) the wall design. Electrical breakdown is more likely to occur in the surface of the insulator and not in an insulator. Therefore, the accelerator shown in Figure 2 the internal cross-section is the best design. According to this design, each of the conductive electrode (5) is mounted in an insulating tube (6). The inner diameter of the insulating tube is much larger than the diameter of the electrode. Wire (7) and (8) in the alternate position for the link and have the same poloidal electrodes. wire and the ratio between the inner surface of the path length is several times the pitch of the positive and negative electrodes (2 - phase design). Suitable insulator material is Teflon or Rexolite, suitable electrode material is copper, key or tungsten. Polishing of the electrode material to maximize electrode surface field strength to fight wear. The length of the accelerator will be a few kilometers. [0006] Typically, if is two - phase accelerator, there are 2n positioning of electrodes are arranged at intervals. Particles will in turn pass over these intervals. If it is 3 - phase accelerator, there are 3n positioning of electrodes are arranged at intervals, and so on, where is an integer, typically I. (However, a particle accelerator may operate, rather than a single particle, where a group of particles in place of the position of a particle). Typically, the particle velocity and the relative longitudinal spacing between the particles is proportional to the distance, so that all particles eventually meet at the same time. [0007] Suitable materials for the particles should have a high tensile strength and low density to achieve the maximum charge / mass ratio. As a result of electric field acceleration and accelerator causes the acceleration period of the driving frequency, the particles should be rigid, because it is bent so as not to overheat. Particles, or is an insulator having a high yield strength, or a good conductor of better, so that the surface of the particle is not damaged by the induced charge flow. Selection of suitable materials including diamond, boron-a, aluminum-lithium alloy, or plastic microspheres, such as thin metal sheet coated with a mask celazole. The metal may be aluminum. The latter requires a longer accelerator, but the latter has an advantage if the target is a solid methane (instead of traditional ice target DT), and methane in hydrogen is replaced by deuterium, and tritium. The average atomic particles and the target can be made very similar beneficial to inhibit Rayleigh (Rayleigh) - Taylor (Taylor) instabilities. [0008] particles preferably with a negative charge instead of a positive charge, because of the evaporation caused by the field effect compared to the very low voltage gradients, caused by the field effect electron emission become more pronounced. The choice of what material, smaller particles can withstand a higher charge / mass ratio. However, smaller particles clearly need more grains to achieve the same total kinetic energy. In short, the appropriate particle size should be about 10 microns radius, using a number of particles between 10000 and I million. [0009] Accelerators best frequency much lower than a basic particle accelerator, whose frequency is ~ MHz instead of GHz. Commercially available accelerators can be supplied to this power supply comprises diacrodes, tetrodes, or MOSFETbased components. Its components with the air core transformer to increase its output voltage.

described, into step comprises: a strong compression by the following acts as part of the target: the particles of said impact The first part of the target, the target is heated to the point of radiated energy, the radiation of said second portion of the outer layer of the target evaporation brother generate compressed portion of the first reaction the

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Patent CN102782767A - Method of providing impact in vacuum - Google Patents

rest. 22 according to claim 2, wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: Target (12) at the time of the sacrifice hit projectile (9), of which the sacrificial projectile (9) has entered the the container chamber (10), and along with the particles (13) substantially parallel to the direction of movement; said projectile having a hole (14), said hole (14) to allow particles (13) to hit the target by (12 ). 23 as claimed in claim 22 wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: a container chamber (10) contains a material (11), said material (11) to absorb at least the fusion neutrons generated by the reaction of any a majority. A process according to claim 22 wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: a projectile (9) through a pipe into the container chamber (10), the duct cross-section of the same projectile is slightly larger or slightly ; when the projectile (9) is and has entered the container chamber (10) when the projectile through (9) wall is carved concave pressure or more annular chamber (19) as well to avoid trapping material, to reduce or Any attempt by eliminating projectile (9) in the gap between the outer wall and the tube from the container chamber (10) to escape the gas, or plasma, the escape of gas or plasma to enter and contaminate the vacuum behind the projectile.

[0010] When the particles close to the impact of the target, you should try to implement the precise orientation of the particle to form a dense arrangement, for example, similar to the lattice arrangement. Desirable particle size accuracy is a small portion, preferably ~ I microns or less. Although this requirement is demanding, through a series tends to increase with the number of more detailed correction, similar to the way spacecraft correction can reach its accuracy. Limiting factor is the precise determination of particle positions. Which can be measured by the CCD camera and using a microscope-type lens. Camera located in the particle beam side. Exposure with a laser pulse control: to use laboratory-style desktop lasers. The pulse <I picosecond, corresponding to the Imicron particles move. CCD chip can be done both when the data processing, but the read out rate is limited to a few tens of Mbytes / s, it is often needed for each measuring station camera. Smaller number required laser: Laser particle beam supplied runs parallel with the optical leakage. A laser can serve many cameras. [0011] When the particles through the particle orientation is close to or through the electrodes between the electrodes to complete the rapid conversion. That they can be turned in any direction transverse to and may slightly change its speed. Is now a commercially available solid state power switch with dozens of GHz frequencies. Thus, a relatively small number of electrodes can be corrected through from one of thousands or even millions of particles. (Compared with this method, another method is like a short antenna wire and quickly converted to the current generated by the electromagnetic field.) [0012] Particle need to maximize the carrying charge to accelerate. Subsequently, when the particles are close to each other to minimize their mutual repulsion. Tends to increase with the number of times for a series of shorter routes motion correction, the particles need only be done with a small amount of electric charge shift. Therefore, the electric charge particles can be released gradually, for example, after a correction station after each particle by an electron beam or be close to the thermal or cold cathode, the charge amount of the particles eventually reach zero. [0013] easiest fusion reaction is deuterium - tritium. Because tritium does not occur naturally, want to capture all possible lithium nucleus neutrons generated tritium breeding out more. Also want to minimize the reaction chamber walls wear. A suitable arrangement is shown in Figure 3 (not the actual size of the drawn: The actual amount of particles is typically thousands per particle diameter ~ 20iim). The expense of a projectile (9) is emitted into the reaction chamber (10), the reaction chamber walls is lithium or a lithium compound "waterfall" (11) are protected. Impact occurs at the moment, the target (12) has been at the expense of the projectile body. Sacrifice projectile into the reaction chamber substantially parallel to the direction of the particles (13). Projectile has a hole (14), through which hole allows the particles striking the target. Projectile itself can be made in whole or in part by lithium. Also shown in Figure 3 the tube (16), particles from the tube out of the barrel loaded projectile (17), and the next barrel with a projectile (18). For continuous power generation, second launch several projectiles.

25 as claimed in claim 24 wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: said projectile (9) is sufficiently cooled so that the concave annular cavity (19) into the material step at a cold trap to escape. 26 according to Claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8, wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: said material has an average atomic particles to the target particles will first be part of the impact the average atomic weight similar to minimize the Rayleigh - Taylor (Rayleigh-Taylor) instabilities. 27 as claimed in claim 26 wherein the apparatus and method, into step comprises: said particles are mainly composed of plastic; said target particles will hit first part composed mainly of methane, hydrogen in the said methane isotope atomic weight greater than I replaced. 28 A fusion of light, said method comprising the means described in the specification. 29 A fusion ignition device, said apparatus comprising the apparatus described in the specification.

[0014] The melt reaction chamber was sent to a heat exchanger (eg electromagnetic pump) loop to extract heat: projectiles recovered material is extracted, because you must constantly make new projectiles. Recovered tritium is also extracted. [0015] The rear of the projectile is important to maintain a good vacuum. When the projectile enters the reaction chamber (10), inclined to the gas and the plasma edge and the projectile projectile escape any gaps between the tubes and contaminate the vacuum behind the projectile. Of contamination can be reduced or eliminated if the outer wall of the projectile is engraved with one or more concave pressure annular chamber (19). A concave annular chamber which the gas to escape capture trap. Can also be very easy to sufficiently cool the projectile to the annular chamber (19) adds a cold trap gas escape. [0016] The capture efficiency of 100% is impossible, therefore the reaction can not produce enough DT to supplement tritium neutrons. To complete a cycle, it is desirable that some DD reactions, which produce two direct reaction tritium and additional neutrons. DD reaction by increasing the impact velocity, so as to effectively improve the temperature for collision. Or as shown in Figure 4, the deuterium rich material (20) deposited on the central DT target (21) around, as an alternative, can be surrounded by a dense material as the housing (22) to increase the isolation time: housing has a hole (23) to allow

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particles to enter.

Patent CN102782767A - Method of providing impact in vacuum - Google Patents

[0017] While the above design conditions suitable space, of course, may be designed to implement the Earth, if and to provide a vacuum to the target particles from the accelerator through the vacuum tubes. If you choose the right terrain, use of tunnels between the coastline and the island dig a deep ditch and laying pipes, etc., there may be provided on one of the Earth hundreds of kilometers of straight through cord. Also possible via electrical or magnetic fields deflect the path of motion of particles, which can be bent to conform to local vacuum terrain and the curvature of the earth. Accelerators and also possible to shorten the distance between the target value to a more convenient, but will increase the power of the accelerator and cost. [0018] technical notes, and other [0019] that the aggregated particles may be formed in a 'virtual bullet' normally solid material than the same low density. For example, assume that the particle is a complete uniform of the ball, then at least by a factor ~ O. 74 spherical packing can get this conclusion. And a particle shape, position and size of its inaccuracy, certainly less than spherical packing packing factor coefficient. However, since the level of the back of the bullet traveling faster than the previous level of the traveling speed of the bullet when the bullet hit the target (before or after hit), the bullet has been compressed to less than the normal density of the raw material is many times greater. [0020] in Figure 5-9 (a), (b), (c), and demonstrate to hit the target particles (shaded) of the travel time-sequentially changing the way a series of particle positions (black circles) . For clarity, as compared with a possible embodiment, shown in FIG not show the actual size, the particle size is greatly exaggerated, the number of particles is greatly reduced. Figure 5 shows a basic configuration: before the target on impact, the particles together to form a pre-pressure of the bullet. Figure 6 shows a variant of a cluster group, the first particles of the other additional lower speed transmitter, the bullet hit the target before the target preload additional particles. Figure 7 shows another variant cluster group, in which no pre-positioning of the goal, but earlier is emitted at a lower speed of the additional particles become the actual target. Figure 8 shows another variant cluster group, which goal is not to be placed in the flat, conical, so before the bullet hit the target at the lateral and the vertical direction preload. Figure 9 shows a bullet traveling fastest in its central portion, so the first ignition occurs in the center. [0021] Such a topic imaginable almost unlimited variations possible. For example, the particles can have different sizes, shapes and different materials, and (if provided to be placed in the target), the target levels may be composed of different materials. For example, the front and back of the target population in part by the high-density material, constitutes a "hammer" and "anvil", and will be used for fusion material sandwiched between. [0022] Diamond dust; chopped graphite whiskers, chopped carbon fibers; ceramic microspheres; frozen deuterium; frozen deuterium and tritium compounds; frozen methane, in which the hydrogen atoms by deuterium and / or tritium substituted; Engineering plastic, in which the hydrogen atoms by deuterium and / or tritium, tungsten, uranium substituted: All of these materials are available for particles and / or destination examples. The composition of the particles as a shell made of a material which contains a second material such that the second material may be helium-3. [0023] During the passage of the particles, it may be necessary to neutralize the charge (such as spraying to them electrons), so that when they are not together to mutually exclusive. Electronic injection can combine several operating functions: a charge neutralization, an electron microscope the exact location particle measured and used to adjust the particle momentum exchange trajectory. In the ground system, the same can easily measure and adjust the particle in flight at any point, not just near the end of the accelerator or near the target. [0024] Note that the particles to determine the relative (not absolute) position. It is very easy to obtain, as all particles can be the same sensor. If the goal of providing a pre-placed, when the particle swarm approaching the target can be adjusted to the correct position to withstand shocks, and vice versa. [0025] Note that the guidance system is used to prevent any destructive particles premature collision. [0026] obvious applications include power generation, driven spaceship, asteroids boost. [0027] Tetris approach may be applicable to the compression and ignition separated. Whether laser or a single entity bullets are difficult to accomplish this task. There are two reasons: a Tetris accelerator at no additional charge, you can be a lot of slow speed of the particles emitted, followed by higher energy pulse arrives to the ignition, although both almost simultaneously. Additional target particles may be pre-compressed to provide energy and / or momentum. Firing bullets of different speeds by the collision of the particles together into a sequence, which can easily be pre-compressed to high density, and to the front surface of the bullet is very high density, such as armor-piercing bullets. Therefore, it can penetrate, and even most of the energy deposited in the most dense inside the plasma. [0028] must leave room for the low efficiency. Laser compression fluid dynamics resulting inefficiencies - the outer layer of the particulate material was evaporated, and the resulting reaction force rocket to compress the central portion of the fuel - the useful dynamic energy is reduced to provide 10% of the energy of the radiation . The impact particles may be more effective.

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Patent CN102782767A - Method of providing impact in vacuum - Google Patents

However, for the ignition, the available energy from a bullet to the quality and the quality of the target to calculate the centroid coordinates, so the available energy is reduced to half. In addition, if the bullet and target atomic mass atomic mass equal to half of the energy is wasted in the bullet's own internal heat; the other hand, if the bullet is higher than the target atomic mass atomic mass, energy loss in Rayleigh (Rayleigh ) - Taylor (Taylor) instability. More energy waste in low-density plasma bullet through the way: not all the kinetic energy of bullets all in the ideal point release. Compression, shock treatment, in principle, can be extremely efficient. However, close to the speed of moving particles produce ignition, because excessive speed, momentum can not be passed directly to the target, it is unlikely to be sufficiently uniformly distributed to the target. One solution is to make them as a ring with an empty device (hohlraum) foil impact. From the annulus radiation emitted a kind of lining material was evaporated, the material speed DT fuel, perhaps to material enters a tapered hole, the pit pave the dense metal, which is roughly the same as a spherical particle by the laser compressed. As long as the annulus device (hohlraum) and DT in the spacing between the lining material particles than any unevenness of the wavefront, or unevenness of the foil at least several times larger, it can achieve a very uniform compression. [0029] The operating principles and elementary particle accelerator accelerator same. However, since the particles are less than 1% the speed of light moving, the driving frequency can be lower. Small and inexpensive MOSFET transistor may be used instead of the klystron to adjust the power, combined with the use of small air-core (or vacuum core) transformers to increase their output voltage. Does not constitute an RF resonator electrodes, so the electrode can be a simple metal plate and mounted on Teflon tube. Three-phase electrodes may be used (or more phases), so that a single particle can be nearly constant electric field ride "waves." This minimizes the vibrations and surface induced current. Therefore, composition of the particles may be any better strength of materials such as plastic microspheres. [0030] When the accelerator just started, particle board from between a pair of electrodes to the "waterfall" type injection. A cathode ray tube to the steerable individual particles emitted electron (or ion gun injection of positive ions) in order to adjust it to the accelerator particles into the time and speed. [0031] When the particles are close to the target particle shuffling may be necessary, because each particle can be adjusted in the direction, but not its longitudinal position. Therefore, it is necessary to dynamically reassign the position of particles, to form the desired close-packed arrangement. Any surplus particles can be discarded to the side. It is this dynamic allocation makes the "Tetris" as a proper name of the system. [0032] ideal fusion reactor requires no rare or radioisotope as a reactant, and does not produce the radioactive isotope as a product. These basic DT fusion did not achieve that goal. Although in principle the explosion chamber using only pure elements, and its neutron bombardment can not produce unwanted isotopes, but the continuous operation of the process must be to produce tritium from lithium. DT reaction itself does not produce enough neutrons, it is often that the fissile isotopes must be used in the explosion chamber, so that the reaction with lithium can be increase in the number of neutrons more than several times. However, a Tetris reactor can be easily extended to the production of higher energy. Burns DT is higher than the temperature above 10 times, the effective cross-section becomes large enough to support the direct combustion of DD. The reaction 00 -> helium-3 +11 and 00 -> tritium +? Approximately an equal pace. Therefore, by increasing the reaction temperature, and the use of higher D / T ratio, Tetris reactor tritium can produce enough for their use (no radioactive 3He). Further, the boron _11 +? _> 4He reaction may be achieved. This is an ideal aneutronic reaction, but with a very high challenge. First, because the reaction requires a huge density, second, because the energy yield is relatively low: indeed, can be produced unless the degeneracy of the initial and compressed plasma, or electrons will not consume much energy as well as the self-spreading burning nuclear fusion occurs. A much better prospect of Tetris system. 550keV maximizing the effective cross-section temperature can be achieved, which greatly reduces the density. Tetris convert electrical energy into kinetic energy efficient, thus the net energy output can be achieved, despite the fusion output / input energy ratio is quite low. Because Tetris machine can produce any desired particle velocity distribution of the particles mild preload piston-like pulses so that the minimum degree of heating a viable (required for the production of degenerate plasma). (If the particles are very slow and do not do the compression used for ignition can be used for this purpose several different accelerators, such as its operation is not used annulus (hohlraum) type membrane, or by striking the target and to achieve the direct momentum transfer, or by heating the particles to collide with each other and produce radiant energy to be compressed. Since these secondary accelerator and accelerator shared main buildings, and trajectory adjustment system, vacuum equipment, cost is not high.) a pair of cross direction Tetris boron particle accelerator hydrogen fired central objective, which may be the best choice. Boron- particles, high strength, and can carry a high charge / mass t dagger. Virtually all the material quality are used in the fusion reaction, physical materials centroid coordinates are relative to the stationary framework of the accelerator, so hydrodynamic efficiency close to 100%. The Interactive accelerator not necessarily completely in the face of each other, so the curvature of the Earth's surface is almost no problem. [0033] a plurality of parallel tubes may be placed on the accelerator in the same building. Only the spacing between the accelerator tube than the spacing between the electrodes several times, in order to minimize mutual interference. Can provide spare tube. Even in the worst case, damage to a particle disintegration tube only when a tube is replaced, the system can continue to operate. Multiple accelerator beam orientation so that a plurality of particles gradually converge, the initial particle beam into each small tube, when approaching the target, the true number of small

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ATC converge into a single tube.

Patent CN102782767A - Method of providing impact in vacuum - Google Patents

[0034] using a tilted mirror, so that a single camera can be taken to a stereoscopic image. The device can measure the full range of particle positions, and its size to ~ O. I microns. In practice, a longer laser pulse is cheap and combine fringe analysis may be measured along the major axis of the position trajectory. [0035] The camera can also evaluate the size of each particle (if desired, the shape can be measured independently, rotation, mass and mass / charge ratio, for example, by measuring the amount of charge, and of a known magnitude of the magnetic field caused by the deflection of ). The relative position and timing of the particle can be modified, if necessary, the last bullet of particles in the destination station can be interchanged in order to ensure that the final density of the bullet is almost completely uniform, although the type of the individual particle size, etc. This is similar to the Tetris computer game. [0036] One possible target advanced fusion is hydrogen - boron, which does not produce neutrons, so there is no radionucleides. This reaction formants. In view of the virtual bullet can fine-tune the virtual bullet can be pre-compressed shape can be tailor-made, and to obtain any desired velocity distribution inside the particles, the resonance peak may be useful. Boron is used as pellets, is an ideal material. Even if the pellets are pure elements boron, its strength is large and very rigid, and its compounds, such as boron carbide is tougher. [0037] Targets can be temperature stable borane, boron hydride compounds. An effective fusion combustion wave may be generated in a protic - boron plasma, and if the plasma is in a state, that is, its too hot relative to its density. A first wave Tetris slower accelerator can provide particles having a relatively high momentum while energy is not high, and the same for ignition particles reach the target speed, the accelerator is inherent capability for providing such compression piston. Please note, several times larger than the firing pulse energy can be used to automatically preloading objective is transmitted at high speed before the ignition lower burst particles. [0038] The target compression, the best approach is to use the ignition particles traveling slower than many of the particles (more than 10 times slower). Ignition particle accelerators can provide a very slow speeds of particles, their proper speed maybe tens of kilometers per second, the method is to retain only the first few electrodes and close all other electrodes, but its momentum will be smaller. A small auxiliary accelerator can inexpensively provide greater momentum, and shared with the main accelerator expensive components - construction, vacuum tubes, insulation and stroke correction system. It can be said, the value of 100 milliseconds until the output power of the machine can reach the target pulse form: Only 20 MW output power available 2MJ compressed pulse. In order to maintain the system in the adjustment range, the particles reach the speed should not be greater than the main pulse. Therefore, the compression ignition particle mass particles can be about a million times: for example 100 X 50 microns in diameter. [0039] The length of the auxiliary accelerator is about one tenth of the main accelerator, but the converter cost compared with the main accelerator small enough to be negligible. Although each particle carries compression ignition particle momentum is thousands of times, they also carry more than 100 times the amount of charge, and in the near field of an effective amendment to stay longer than a few times, so existing stroke adjusters (tweakers) trip can easily handle them. Their speed ratio is so high that the particles before the arrival of the first firing, all particles have passed the final compression stroke adjuster (tweaker). Arrange the magnetic field and the target of the link accelerators several vacuum tubes, its purpose is to compress the particles upwards slightly curved trajectory due to gravity and to prevent them from sagging. [0040] As an alternative to the target compression, high-speed particles striking the target material may be the first layer of heat which led to evaporation, evaporation pressure and compression of the deeper layer of the target. This "rocket thrust" type of method uses high energy to heat the material particles causes the advance speed, which is similar to the laser drive inertial confinement fusion. Where high-speed particles are photons. [0041] particles are compressed using other methods to heat at one point and ignition, such as a laser (S) or base beam (S), atoms. Or vice versa. [0042] fast and / or slow the particles can be in the opposite direction closer to the target area, or from more directions. They can be different from the accelerator is emitted, and / or by electric or magnetic fields leading to a curved trajectory along. In such cases it may be with or without a single goal: the particles themselves can include all of the material for nuclear fusion. [0043] a number of nuclear fusion reactions can occur at the point where the different tube, which tube has an inner diameter of a long and narrow. [0044] If the particles are ignited fusion in vivo, continues to rapidly moving particles (e.g., particles of the collision speeds are quite different and cause) the fusion can occur rapid movement of the source of energy to help release along the length of the tube distributing (whether by photons, neutrons or other particles in the form), such that no one part of the wall or the device is subjected to the extent of damage exceeds the heat and radiation. [0045] Because you can explore through computer software to compress and optimize the ignition process is mainly designed 'bullet', such as the use of genetic algorithms to ensure efficient model, which greatly promoted the development of this technology.

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[0046] Diacrode The main limitation is that a fixed frequency devices. In the present application, the startup speed required about 20% of the variation. Use M0SFET, the change in the first and last one particle accelerator away steadily during the simple increase in frequency. Use diacrodes, the accelerator solution is a series of rapid rear unit conversion, resulting in the formation of particles times sequence, each sub-sequence of a few meters long, in which the particles with a uniform speed. Came out from the main accelerator, these sub-sequences are controlled by a MOSFET short electrode, the electrode is gradually increased by the amount of action is to accelerate (or slow) the sub-sequence of the particles, for example: from zero to the respective sub-sequence of incremental the first particles, to increase the speed of several meters per second to a final particle, so that each particle has a slightly different speeds to achieve the desired full convergence. [0047] In particle accelerators low end of the tube, since repulsion between the particles, there is an acceptable minimum separation of particles. A few meters before the accelerator is a long section of low power led replaced, the lead section is supplied to the fixed electrode spacing and highly variable driving frequency. Continuously feeding the particulate this leading section, and a low voltage charging particles and at 5 km / s speed of the launch. When the leader segment received all necessary one grain line, frequency electrode to the whole line of the particles may be accelerated to about 50 km / s speed, and then enter the main particle accelerator. In this process, the particles at the electrode voltage across the voltage compensation is raised to the desired level: Note electrons can be easily transferred to the particles from the particle through the electrodes, although not vice versa, as is an electronic particle discharge point, and the electrode surface smooth. For the particles to 5 km / sec velocity segment leaders sent the particles through the Pelletron type Van de Graaff generator is released. It is a known technology, but usually with a selected average rate of the particles sent out from the container, rather than precise intervals particles appears. Here it must be modified: Use a container with a few holes. However, any resulting particles are detected, they all can be immediately excluded. For example: it is bombarded with an electron gun to eliminate the charge, or a switch electrode move away it. Therefore, most of the particles are recovered, with each cycle, leaving only one particle falling into the accelerator tube. (Note that the required speed is less than from the modern pop bubble jet printer and an ink droplet having a diameter similar.) Of particles falling into the precise timing of the accelerator may be rejected by the particles in the same kick electrodes adjusted. One pairs or larger groups of particles simultaneously in the same hole will always be rejected. Occasionally, there will always be for particulate cycle, since any Poisson (Poission) distributed occasionally produce a zero value. However, as described elsewhere by shuffling the particles moving way to eliminate these gaps. In the acceleration process, the electric field can be used to keep the particle center, such as the cone forming the electrode to produce an inward radial electric field used in each cycle. Magnetic lens, for example: for elementary particle accelerators quadrupole magnet, and / or described herein, active steering, but also can be used to calm horizontal oscillation. Strength test particles can be slightly higher than they have been charged to the operating voltage required before injection. Therefore, failure of the particles is unlikely to occur in the pipe, any failures that do occur are likely to be infectious. However, the worst case is 2 MJ of energy release, and the resulting kinetic energy cloud crushed pieces, in the order of impact of each electrode to the exponential decrease: each electrode mass exceeds the cloud particles, the formation of the center hole <I% of the total area, so the loss will be very localized. Tube can be wrapped in Kevlar blankets so that the external device is not affected. The system can be satisfied with the Chicane capture multiple wells: the transverse field will have full right to charge / mass ratio of the particles slightly bent, and then sent to the next paragraph, but allows other materials flying into the nozzle opening "junk tube" in , which stood safely store the plasma generated by the impact. By successfully deflect each of the particles accurately to achieve the exact amount of electric charge on its monitoring and, if necessary, be adjusted with an electron gun. [0048] Compared with the standard particle accelerator, the accelerator and the target connection tube may have a relatively low vacuum: it is not placed in a building, which consists of a ladder is mounted on the column or the simple piping components. Pipe may have a larger internal radius that ~ 10 cm, a radius greater than the maximum deviation of particles from the particle beam, so that pipes can be tolerated due to wind caused by the horizontal displacement of up to several centimeters. Moreover, by setting the length of the tube along a limited number of points vacuum degree of vacuum can be maintained. [0049] As the particles close to the target client, because after a given time point for each of the particles is high, it is more difficult to measure of the position, at the point of impact, each time to the theoretical maximum amount of particulate values. The composition of the measuring station paired cameras and pulsed laser, the laser beam passes through the optical fiber to provide light leakage. Exposure is controlled by a laser instead of a grid plate: a ~ 50Hz inexpensive CCD shutter speed and expensive, high capture rate cameras have similar readout rate of approximately 10 megapixels / sec, and the ability to handle binary, includes a shift, read, and the addition operation (typically used pixelbinning). In order to avoid the confusion caused by overlapping, the trajectory of the particles are dispersed, select the sequence, so that each particle The image appears on the camera view in the different parts: for example 1000X 1000 field may be subdivided into 100 square body, each body has 100X 100 pixels. The position of each particle is a X, Y values. Because can accept up to 20 microsecond read latency (corresponding to a distance of 20 meters downstream of the flight) each camera in each pulse can track ~ 100 particles. You can use standard laboratory-style desktop laser, which provides IOy J laser output power pulse, and its repetition frequency up to 2MHz, duration <I picoseconds. A particle moving in I only picoseconds I microns. [0050] In the last modification, be given a slight radial velocity of particles and distribution of the dynamic position, the

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cylindrical end product as a virtual bullet neatly arranged, allowing any "missing particle" voids, because the use of imperfect monodisperse particles, such as diamond dust, taking into account the detected particles of different sizes = Tetris name of the system. After the final correction station, the electron gun further particle charge is reduced to zero. [0051] basic design assumes that all particles follow the same particle beam. The particles may be deliberately beam into several parallel beam line, so that the linear separation between the beam particles maintain a large enough, so that even close to the point of impact is still possible to separate the fine particles. [0052] basic design uses small and fast switching electrode to fine-tune the particle trajectory. Another method is the particles through the fixed field strength used to precisely control the electron gun and reduce the amount of the charge of each particle to produce the desired adjustment itinerary. [0053] The following strategies can greatly reduce the particle encountered during the acceleration of gravity bending and heating. Tetris accelerator, with a large number of independent conversion MOSFET, and can easily provide a plurality of phases of the driving voltage. Consider a very similar strategy for coilguns, if the electrodes in order to surround a phase difference of 120 around devices, acceleration becomes nearly constant: particle ride wave having a constant gradient. If the particle size and the internal electrode is small compared to the distance between the particles experience a nearly uniform in space and time field, and hardly withstand vibration or induced current. [0054] The particle accelerator to control the feed rate, they can be mechanically placed in advance (for example) 500X500 array plate. Sitting through the pin electrode particles being washed electricity. For each of the selected real-time particle emission, the electrode charge is from negative to positive. Plate may alternatively be overloaded to continuously supply particles. [0055] If the particles are monodisperse microspheres, they can come together to be tightly stacked arrangement (for example, various lattice arrangement). Even the largest will have a bulk density of voids, however, impact on the target (or before impact) was crushed particles will rapidly fill the gap. To minimize seed Rayleigh (Rayleigh) - Taylor (Taylor) instability of the smaller particles may be used to fill these gaps, or even different sizes of fractal pattern quasi microspheres as particles. [0056] If a non-monodisperse particles, such as diamond dust sieving the particles flying through the end position adjustment of the trajectory is dynamically allocated to form a dry stone wall similar to the arrangement of an arbitrary size and shape gathered into a body having a minimum internal voids plasmids. If the orientation of each particle and the rotational speed of the test, the direction in which the instant of collision or can be taken into account. [0057] The charge particles can discharge electrons are emitted by the electron gun to the granules, or particles near the flight path of the hot or cold cathode to release electrons. Electron gun can be fired and the same substantially parallel to the particle velocity electrons to achieve a high capture rate results. In the same way can be launched with the positive ions to the particles more positive. Reduction of particle charge may be a continuous or a multi-step process. At any point by a known particle flow through the electric or magnetic field, and measuring the deflection angle of each particle can be measured actual particle volume of the charge (charge / mass ratio). [0058] Assuming a single basic design of the accelerator tube. Can use a set of mutually parallel and are vertically stacked tube of approximately the same size in a very long shelf. Once the technology has increased the confidence that can be 10 or more such groups in parallel tube group stack below the ceiling set in the building, occupying most of its construction width, but left ~ 2m above ground space. For easy maintenance, and any accelerator tube set along the length of all or part of the stack into this space. When you need to re-stack the accelerator tube set, with each tube connected to fine-tune the positioning of a small motor alignment. [0059] The composition of the projectile sacrifice is a supercooled ice, the ice directly generated in the reaction chamber, the steam (the vapor pressure of the cryogenic temperature conditions, can become completely negligible).

CLASSIFICATIONS
International Classification Cooperative Classification European Classification G21B1/19, G21B1/15 Y02E30/16, G21B1/19, G21B1/15 G21B1/19, G21B1/15

LEGAL EVENTS
Date Feb 13, 2013 Nov 14, 2012 Code C10 C06 Event Request of examination as to substance Publication Description

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