The continual use of oral contraceptives poses a threat to womens physical well-being.

Based on the sources gathered in our research, the most common form physical abnormalities happening in womens body are weight gain, nausea, and sore breast ( Kistner, 1 !!, pp.1!-1" #. The same goes for $cKenry, who enumerated nausea, breast discomfort and gaining of weight as side effects of ta%ing in oral contraceptives ( $cKenry, &''', p."&! #. ( source ta%en from the internet specified that the inta%e of oral contraceptives leads to di))iness, headache, lightheadedness, stomach ache or nausea. *t will also cause severe depression, bac% pain, chest pain, lumps in the breast, and +aundice of the s%in (internet#. ,ausea, the feeling of disgust in our stomach is greatly induced by the inta%e of a synthetic estrogen hormone. This disorder -nausea. occurs during the 1st month of usage and would gradually decrease later on ( Kistner, &''', pp.!/-! #. The use of oral contraceptives harms the physical well-being of a person. ,ausea, sore breast, di))iness, and weight gain are repeatedly mentioned above. 0ral contraceptives causes nausea through womens intolerance to the hormone called estrogen which is present in the pill. 1i))iness when ta%ing the pill is caused by the inta%e by women who are also e2periencing hypertension since this two share the same effect .3ore breast or lumping in the breast is caused due to the varying hormone levels when women ta%e the pill. To simply put it, these side effects will worsen when there is an overdose of ta%ing the pill. The side effects of oral contraceptives mentioned earlier are still lac%ing, one of these is the formation of gallstones in the bladder. 0ral contraceptives do have some other side effects, and one of which is the formation of gallstones caused by the attraction of cholesterol to the hormones of the oral contraceptives ( internet #. This is also supported by another source saying that, gall stones are created by the imbalance of hormones in the upper region of the liver which is the gall bladder. 4eople who are susceptible to gall stone formations are those who are pregnant, those who use oral contraceptives and those who have diabetes ( internet #. (s stated above, gallstones are products of an imbalance level of hormones in the liver. 5allstones are formed by the attraction of the cholesterol which solidifies in the gall bladder because of the hormones introduced by the pill. 6ith this people of all ages are susceptible to gallstones. (nd lastly one of the common physical side effects caused by oral contraceptives to women is hypertension. 0ral contraceptive users e2perience mild hypertension often times. The systolic as well as the diastolic blood pressure of these women slightly increase for about 1 mm 7g (8raig 9 3tit)el, 1 the amount of dosage given ( $cKenry, &''', p. "&! #. There have been an increased incidence of :, p.";! #. (bout ;< of women using oral contraceptives was observed to have hypertension regardless of

hypertension among women who use oral contraceptives averaging from = to ! times than those who do not use contraceptives ( >ehne, &''", p."&: #. 7ypertension or high blood pressure is caused by the disturbance of estrogen to the other processes occurring in the arteries. 7ypertension has & types the systolic or contraction of the heart and diastolic the rela2ation. 7ypertension is a revolving factor that can cause stro%e in the future if not ta%en care of. The ris% of having hypertension is dramatically increase by = to ! times when ta%ing oral contraceptives as stated by ?ichard >ehne. (s there are many physical side effects that are caused in relation to the use of oral contraceptives, a similar scale of damage is also felt by the emotional aspect of the human being. @rom a direct e2perience, (my, a college student narrated that she e2perienced depression, an2iety and mood swing, as well as being forgetful, having a hard time to sleep and different depressive state of mental well-being ( internet #. (ccording to 1r. $erecido, she enumerated some side effects of using oral contraceptives one of which is mood swing. 6omen tend to have higher temper and one of the probable cause of this is headache, an adverse physical effect. 1epression is also another emotional side effect that li%ely to occur on women ta%ing the pills (1r. $erecido, &'1=#. 4eople having an2iety disorder are seen as convulsive, stressed and they lose composure. 3ubstances that induce an2iety are stimulants, oral contraceptives, hallucinogens, insulin, and antihistamine ($ayer, &'';, p.1'"#. The emotional aspect of a person is also affected by the use of oral contraceptives. 1epression, an2iety, and mood swing are commonly mentioned above. These emotional disorders are triggered by the hormones present in the pills that disrupt the normal balance of hormones contained in the body. *n addition to the side effects mentioned above the loss of se2ual desire also termed as libido is common among women who use oral contraceptives. 0ne of the emotional side effect of ta%ing a pill is that it lessens the se2ual drive of women that leads to an unhappy marriage and loss of well-being (Kistner, &''', p.1"#. Based on survey conducted, there are about =1< of regular pill users have decreased in libido while &:< have the opposite. The decreased of libido is due to painful feeling of childbirth, fear of cancer, and fear of blood clot (Kistner, &''', pp.1 /-&'1#. (ccording to $cKenry, he said that, ABa reduction in libido is occasionally a problem and may be a cause for see%ing an alternative method of contraceptiveC ($cKenry, &''', p."& #. 0ral contraceptives also affects the se2ual desires of women. (s mentioned above there are about =1< of women who had problems with loss of libido while a rate of &:< had their libido increased when ta%ing the pill. The cause of the decreased of libido among women is because that they fear the pain

of child bearing and child birth, the ris% of cancer and of blood clot with these women are lead to unhappy marriage. 0ral contraceptives have a terrifying side effect that could result to a severe suffering and that is cancer. 0ral contraceptives protects women against ovarian and endometrial cancer but it has an adverse effect on the ris% of cervical cancer which tends to increase li%ely to women who have human papillomavirus (>ehne, &''", p."&;#. There is an increase of ris% for cervical cancer for women who use oral contraceptives. These ris%s are dysplasia and carcinoma in-situ which is commonly caused by the human papillomavirus, the use of barrier type of birth control and smo%ing ( $cKenry, &''', p."&/#. 6omen who ta%e in oral contraceptives for about ; or more years are prone to an increase in the ris% of cervical cancer. 7owever the discontinue usage of oral contraceptive would gradually lower the ris% of cancer overtime. 6omen who have 74D or human papillomavirus and are ta%ing oral contraceptives for more than ! years greatly increase their ris% of cancer by three folds or more ( internet #. 8ervical cancer is a ris% when ta%ing in oral contraceptives for a very long time. ?egardless that pills can lower the ris% of having ovarian and endometrial cancer,t his does not help when a long term usage of pills would +ust lead to another form of cancer. 7uman papillomavirus greatly affects the ris% of having cervical cancer as mentioned by ?ichard >ehne and $cKenry. This cancer can be prevented if discontinue of usage is done earlier on. Estrogen, a hormone usually in combination with progestin to be used for contraceptive purposes, has been suspected of having carcinogenic effect that would ta%e effect after &' years ($ears, 1 !!, p.==#. (ccording to 1r. Bertam 5. Kat)ung, a professor of pharmacology in Fniversity of 8alifornia stated that, ABstudies have shown an increased ris% in women and it -breast cancer. is possible that tumors develop in younger women..C (Kat)ung, 1 ;, p. !&=#. The growth of breast cancer among women who use oral contraceptives are caused by too much e2posure of the breast tissue to hormones and most women who started ta%ing the pill at a young age have an increase in the ris% of having a breast cancer (internet #. 7ormonal imbalances in the body produce negative side effects. Breast most common among women is e2perienced by some pill users. The ris% of having a breast cancer is increased when women ta%e oral contraceptives at an early age. Breast cancer is caused by too much e2posure of the breast tissue to synthetic hormones produced by the pills.