Catalog ATEX 2013

ATEX
Solutions for explosive atmospheres
EDITION 2013
Since 1904
In 1904 PALAZZOLI began its activity in Brescia when electrical energy was rst used in the industry. The Company is specialized in manufacturing electrical appliances with safety features that are protected and watertight, for industrial, marine, civil, agricultural and OEM applications. The offer of PALAZZOLI extends into a wide range of nished products, to which special customized solutions are specically developed in accordance to the needs of end-users. The products conform to technical and safety standards and are manufactured with very high quality materials, in metal and self-extinguishing isolated thermosetting (GRP) and thermoplastic. PALAZZOLI undertakes the commitment towards all end-users to offer reliable, safe and lasting quality products. This task, as in the last century of activity, continues to honour the trust and respect that customers have posted in its trademark.
RESISTANCE, LONG LIFE AND RELIABILITY FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION
LEADING EXPERIENCE AND KNOW-HOW IN ELECTROTECHNOLOGY HIGH QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS
MADE IN PALAZZOLI
Palazzoli obtained from IMQ the certicate
IMQ 07 ATEXQ 001

guaranteeing that its ATEX equipments can be used in hazardous areas for the presence of gases, vapours, mists or dusts.
Solutions for each application requirement

Battery charging area
Painting department
Car parking
Dust and Gas

Heating plant
Carpentry
Large kitchen
Tested Quality
Palazzoli ATEX products are designed and manufactured in order to avoid the risk of ignition. Each item is approved and certied by TV SD in compliance with the Directive 94/9/EC which guarantees the conformity for installation in hazardous areas. Each enclosure of ATEX products, in compliance with EN 60079-0 standards, is tested as follows:
1)
Operating temperature in order to determine the maximum service temperature of the product.
2)
Temperature Endurance Test in climatic room at the maximum service temperature measured with the previous test with 90% humidity for 4 weeks, and at the minimum temperature -25 C -30 C for one day.
3)
Impact test tested at +10 C 15 C and -5 C 10 C of the maximum service temperature.
4)
IPXX protection degree test (dust and water).
5)
Tests on specic modes of protection (pressure test, restricted breathing test, dielectric tests).
The technical characteristics of the products included in this catalogue, are dened after the sequence of the above reported tests, in the indicated order and on the same sample piece.
4
Certied Quality
In compliance with the Directive 94/9/CE of the European Parliament dated 23rd March 1994, IMQ notied that Palazzoli has a quality system of the production according to the Annex VII of the Directive.
Palazzoli products for Zone 1, 2, 21, 22 are approved by TV SD and have IECEx certication.
Guaranteed quality and made in Italy
All the Palazzoli ATEX products are tested, not only with standard product tests, but also with tests of the ATEX notied body, thus guaranteeing an increasead safety for the nal user.
6
Palazzoli range for ATEX zones

GAS ZONE 1 Industrial plugs POWER SUPPLY ZONE 2
CEE-EX
DUST ZONE 21 ZONE 22
Interlocked socket-outlets in thermosetting (GRP) Interlocked socket-outlets in aluminium alloy Enclosures in thermosetting (GRP)
TAIS-EX
ALUPRES-EX
TAIS-EX
JUNCTION
Enclosures in aluminium alloy
ALUPRES-EX
Cable glands and ttings
UNI-EX
Rotary control devices in thermosetting (GRP) CONTROLLING - SIGNALLING Rotary control devices in aluminium alloy Sirens and bells in aluminium alloy Small control devices in thermosetting (GRP) Small control devices in aluminium alloy Lighting xtures aluminium alloy Lighting xtures in stainless steel
CAM-EX
CAM-EX
ALARM-EX
TAIS MIGNON-EX
RONDO-EX
LIGHTING
RINO-EX
RINO-EX
PLUGS AND INTERLOCKED SOCKET-OUTLETS
INDUSTRIAL PLUGS
10
INTERLOCKED SOCKET-OUTLETS IN THERMOSETTING (GRP) IN ALUMINIUM ALLOY
12 16
ENCLOSURES AND CABLE GLANDS
ENCLOSURES
IN THERMOSETTING (GRP) IN ALUMINIUM ALLOY
20 22
CABLE GLANDS AND FITTINGS
26
CONTROL AND SIGNALLING DEVICES
ROTARY CONTROL DEVICES IN THERMOSETTING (GRP) IN ALUMINIUM ALLOY
30 32
SIRENS AND BELLS FOR ALARM AND SIGNALLLING
34
SMALL CONTROL DEVICES
SMALL CONTROL DEVICES AND ENCLOSURES

IN THERMOSETTING (GRP) IN ALUMINIUM ALLOY
36 38
LIGHTING DEVICES
LIGHTING FIXTURES IN ALUMINIUM ALLOY
40
LIGHTING FIXTURES IN STAINLESS STEEL
42
PALAZZOLI ACADEMY
This book has been written using the homonym text of Eng. Mirko Martina, member of CT 31. Special thanks to Eng. Maurizio DAddato, Director of the National Fire-watchers Corps, for his kind permission to access the unique official statistical data that analyze the extent of the damages suffered by people due to explosions.
Planning and Installation
ATEX
ATEX - PLANNING AND INSTALLATION
49
CEE-EX Series Zone 2, 21, 22

LOW VOlTAGE INDUSTRIAl PlUGS
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
Body material: Anti-static high thickness technopolymer Surface resistivity (prevention of electrostatic charge deposit): <109 Colour: RAL 9005 (black) Contact holder insert material: Self-extinguishing technopolymer (versions up to 32A) Thermosetting - GRP (63A version)
GAS ZONE Usable 0 1 2 X 20
DUST 21 X 22 X
Glow wire (IEC EN 60695): 850C 960C (contact holder insert - 63A version) Self-extinguishing grade (UL94): V2 Operating temperature: -20C +40C Protection rating: IP66 Frequency: 50-60Hz
Low voltage watertight straight plugs, IEC EN 60309-1 and IEC EN 60309-2 standard, suitable for applications in areas at risk of explosive atmospheres as defined in ATEX Directive 94/9/EC. The body of the plug is made of very thick anti-static technopolymer in RAL 9005 black colour. The contact holder insert is in self-extinguishing technopolymer for versions up to 32A and in thermosetting (GRP) material for the 63A version. The plugs feature IP66 protection rating.
CONFORMITY TO STANDARDS
ATEX Directive 94/9/EC EN 60079-0:2009 EN 60079-15:2010 EN 60079-31:2009 Directive 2006/95/EC EN 60309-1:1999 + A1:2007 EN 60309-2:1999 + A1:2007 + A2:2012 Cable specifications:
Rated current (A) Poles External (mm) Section (mm2)
2P+Q 16 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 32 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 63 3P+Q 3P+N+Q
8 - 13 8,5 - 14 10 - 15,5 11,5 - 17,5 12,5 - 19,5 14 - 21,5 17 - 26 19 - 28,5 21 - 31,5 4 - 10 2,5 - 6 1 - 2,5
ATEX PROTECTION TYPE

II 3G Ex nA IIC TX Gc II 2D Ex tb IIIC T XX C Db IP66
Certificates can be downloaded from the website www.palazzoli.com

10
SUITABLE FOR ZONE 2 (GAS) AND 21-22 (DUST)
CEE-EX SERIES Low voltage watertight straight plugs 50-60Hz IP66
Rated current (A)
Rated voltage (V)
Voltage colour
Poles
h ref.
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
110 110 110 230 230 16 230 400 400 400 500 110 500 110 230 400 400 500
230 32
2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q
4 4 4 6 9 9 9 6 6 7 4 7 4 6 9 6 6 7
477203EX 477213EX 477223EX 477303EX 477313EX 477323EX 477403EX 477413EX 477423EX 477513EX 477523EX 477216EX 477226EX 477306EX 477316EX 477416EX 477426EX 477516EX
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
CEE-EX SERIES Low voltage watertight straight plugs 50-60Hz IP66
Rated current (A)
Rated voltage (V)
Voltage colour
Poles
h ref.
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
230 63 400 400 500
Characteristics: Nickel-plated pins in one single unit, contact holder insert in thermosetting (GRP) with GWT 960C.
3P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 3P+Q
9 6 6 7
477317EX 477417EX 477427EX 477517EX
1 1 1 1
11
Dimensions page 46
TAIS-EX Series Zone 2, 21, 22

WALL-MOUNTED INTERLOCKED SOCKET-OUTLETS IN THERMOSETTING (GRP)
Body material: Anti-static thermosetting (GRP) Surface resistivity (prevention of electrostatic charge deposit): < 109 Colour: RAL 9005 (black) Glow wire (IEC EN 60695): 960C Self-extinguishing grade (UL94): V0
22 X
DUST 21 X
Operating temperature: -20C +40C Protection rating: IP66 Insulation class: II e Conditional short-circuit current - isolator switch: 10kA Frequency: 50-60Hz
Wall-mounted watertight interlocked socket-outlets in anti-static thermosetting (GRP) suitable for applications in areas at risk of explosive atmospheres as defined in ATEX Directive 94/9/EC. The cover is attached to the back box by means of stainless steel screws, the sealing is guaranteed by a gasket in non-ageing elastomer that allows to keep the IP66 protection rating. The interlock system is made of metal, and the inside isolator switch is an AC23A-AC3 class switch at rated current with the capacity of withstanding a short circuit 10kA.
ATEX Directive 94/9/EC EN 60079-0:2009 EN 60079-15:2010 EN 60079-31:2009 Directive 2006/95/EC EN 60309-1:1999 + A1:2007 EN 60309-2:1999 + A1:2007 + A2:2012 EN 60309-4:2007 + A1:2012
Rated operating current - isolator switch:

16A 20A 32A
AC23A AC23A
AC22A
AC21A
Thermal current Ith

II 3G Ex nR IIC T5/T6 Gc II 2D Ex tb IIIC T XX C Db IP66
AC3
Cable specifications:
Rated current (A)

12
20 / 32 40 / 63
40A 63A
500V
400V
230V
500V
400V
230V
kW
kW
8,5
7,5
4,5
8,5
7,5
4,5
16
16
16
16
8,5 17 15
32
32
32
32
8,5 17 15
40
31
18
44
34
20
63
63
63
63
External (mm)
Section (mm2)
16
12 - 18 16 - 25 16 - 25
1 - 10 1 - 10 6 - 16
SUITABLE FOR ZONE 21-22 (DUST)
MODULE 125
TAIS-EX SERIES Wall-mounted interlocked socket-outlets with fuse-holder base in insulating modular enclosure in thermosetting (GRP) 50-60Hz IP66
MODULE 125
TAIS-EX SERIES Wall-mounted interlocked socket-outlets with MCB in insulating modular enclosure in thermosetting (GRP) 50-60Hz IP66
Rated current (A)
Rated voltage (V)
Voltage colour
Poles
h ref.
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Rated current (A)
Rated voltage (V)
Voltage colour
Poles
h ref.
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
110 110 110 230 16

entry
230 230 400 400 400 500 500 110 230 400 500 400
M25
110 32
entry
230
M32
63
entry
230
400 400
M32
500
Equipment: Insulated cable gland. Characteristics: 10,3x38 cylindrical fuses for 16A socket-outlets. 14x51 cylindrical fuses for 32A socket-outlets. DIII fuses for 63A socket-outlets. Some equipments are double-marked and can be used in zone 2 (GAS) as shown in the table at page 14. Complementary items: Enclosures for compositions at page 15. Thermosetting (GRP) backplate at page 15.
2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 3P+Q
4 4 4 6 9 9 9 6 6 7 4 7 4 6 9 6 6 7 9 6 6 7
463124EX 463134EX 463144EX 463126EX 463139EX 463149EX 463129EX 463136EX 463146EX 463137EX 463147EX 472711EX 472811EX 472621EX 472721EX 472731EX 472831EX 472751EX 472722EX 472732EX 472832EX 472752EX
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 63
entry
110 110 110 16

entry
230 230 230 400 400 400 110 110 230 400 400 230 400 400
M25
32
entry
230
M32
M32
2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q
4 4 4 6 9 9 9 6 4 6 4 6 9 6 6 9 6 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3P+N+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q
3P+N+Q
MODULE 125
TAIS-EX SERIES Wall-mounted interlocked socket-outlets without protection in insulating modular enclosure in thermosetting (GRP) 50-60Hz IP66
Rated current (A)
Rated voltage (V)
Voltage colour
Poles
h ref.
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
16
entry
230 400 400 230 400 400 400 400
M25 32
entry
M32 M32
entry
63
Equipment: Insulated cable gland. Characteristics: Some equipments are double-marked and can be used in zone 2 (GAS) as shown in the table at page 14. Lamp indicating presence of voltage (on the socket-outlets with MCB). Complementary items: Enclosures for compositions at page 15. Thermosetting (GRP) backplate at page 15.
3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q
2P+Q 3P+Q
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
467126EX 467136EX 467146EX 470226EX 470236EX 470246EX 470336EX 470346EX
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3P+N+Q 3P+N+Q
13
Dimensions page 44
SUITABLE FOR ZONE 2 (GAS)
MODULE 125
TAIS-EX SERIES Wall-mounted interlocked socket-outlets with fuse-holder base in insulating modular enclosure in thermosetting (GRP) 50-60Hz IP66
MODULE 125
TAIS-EX SERIES Wall-mounted interlocked socket-outlets with MCB in insulating modular enclosure in thermosetting (GRP) 50-60Hz IP66
Rated current (A)
Rated voltage (V)
Voltage colour
Poles
h ref.
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Rated current (A)
Rated voltage (V)
Voltage colour
Poles
h ref.
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
110 110 110 230 16

entry
230 230 400 400 400 500 500 110 230 400 500 400
M25
110 20
entry
230
M32
40
entry
230
400 400
M32
500
Equipment: Insulated cable gland. Characteristics: 10,3x38 cylindrical fuses for 16A socket-outlets. 14x51 cylindrical fuses for 20A and 40A socket-outlets. The products can be installed stand-alone, they cannot be combined in compositions. Some equipments are double-marked and can be used in zone 21-22 (DUst) as shown in the table at page 13.
4 4 4 6 9 9 9 6 6 7 4 7 4 6 9 6 6 7 9 6 6 7
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 40
entry
110 110 110 16

entry
230 230 230 400 400 400 110 110 230 400 400 230 400 400
M25
32
entry
230
M32
M32
Equipment: Insulated cable gland, lamp indicating presence of voltage. Characteristics: The products can be installed stand-alone, they cannot be combined in compositions. Some equipments are double-marked and can be used in zone 21-22 (DUST) as shown in the table at page 13.
2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q
4 4 4 6 9 9 9 6 4 6 4 6 9 6 6 9 6 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3P+N+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q
3P+N+Q
MODULE 125
TAIS-EX SERIES Wall-mounted interlocked socket-outlets without protection in insulating modular enclosure in thermosetting (GRP) 50-60Hz IP66
Rated current (A)
Rated voltage (V)
Voltage colour
Poles
h ref.
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
16
entry
230 400 400 230 400 400 400 400
M25 32 Compatibility of plugs with interlocked socket-outlets for zone 2 (GAS)

Rated current Socket-outlets with fuse-holder Socket-outlets with MCB Socket-outlets without protection Plug entry
M32
entry
63
M32
16A 20A 40A

14
16A 32A 40A
16A 32A 63A
16A 32A 63A
Equipment: Insulated cable gland. Complementary items: Enclosures for compositions at page 15. Thermosetting (GRP) backplate at page 15.
3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q
2P+Q 3P+Q
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3P+N+Q 3P+N+Q
TAIS-EX SERIES Watertight enclosures in thermosetting (GRP) with blind cover IP66
TAIS SERIES Cup shaped milling cutters equipped with quick special steel drill connection with tungsten carbide gear teeth specific for thermosetting (GRP)
External dimensions (mm)
Maximum power dissipation allowed (W)
Holes
Installable devices
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Holes
Nominal diameter (mm)
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
125x185x125 250x185x125 380x185x125
17 25 35
blind blind blind
1 2 3
532204EX*
532202EX
532200EX
1 1 1
M20 - M25 - M32 - M40
20,5 - 25,5 - 32,5 - 40,5
538410
Characteristics: Supplied with drilling template. The protection rating and the consequent certification of the distribution board are guaranteed if the holes are drilled with the proper set of cup shaped milling cutters code 538410 (TAIS series) as per the instructions supplied with the product. * The product 532204EX can be used only in zone 21, 22. Complementary items: Internal mounting plates in steel at page 21.
CEE-EX SERIES Devices for restricted breathing testing of the interlocked socket-outlets
Interlocked socket-outlets rated current
Poles
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
16A
2P+Q 3P+N+Q 3P+Q
478126 478146 478206 478246 478306 478136
1 1 1 1 1 1
TAIS SERIES Back plate in thermosetting (GRP) with guided system for the composition of distribution boards with socket-outlets and enclosures
20A/32A 40A/63A
2P+Q/3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q/3P+Q/3P+N+Q
Equipment: Transparent tube to be applied at the testing device. Instructions: Insert the testing device into the socket-outlet (test port), tighten the devices shade ring and do the testing according to Art.33.7.1 of EN60079-15 Standards with the suitable measuring device.
Installable devices
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
125x630 250x630 380x630
1 2 3
538800 538802 538804
1 1 1
Equipment: Built-in threaded brass dowels, supplied with screws and relative stainless steel washers for fastenings. Characteristics: The guided positioning system simplify the assembling of the equipments on the back plate.
Composing guide for ATEX socket-outlets combinations
532200EX
532202EX
532204EX
UNI SERIES Fittings for enclosure/socket coupling
M125
M125
M125
M125
M125
M125
From hole
To hole
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
538800
538802
538804
M32/Pg29
M25/Pg21
M32
M25
538429
538421
Characteristics: They are used to couple socket-outlets with enclosures.
WARNING: The protection rating and the consequent certification of the distribution board are guaranteed if the holes are drilled with the proper set of cup shaped milling cutters code 538410 (TAIS series) as per the instructions supplied with the product. The composition with three socket-outlets can be used in Zone 21, 22 only.
15
Dimensions page 44
ALUPRES-EX Series Zone 2, 21, 22

WALL-MOUNTED INTERLOCKED SOCKET-OUTLETS IN ALUMINIUM ALLOY
Material: Aluminium alloy EN1076 AC46001DF Treatment of passivation with fluoro-zirconium Hot polymerized non-toxic polyester painting Colour: RAL 9005 (black) Operating temperature: -20C +40C
DUST 21 X 22 X
Protection rating: IP66 Insulation class: I Conditional short-circuit current - isolator switch: 10kA Frequency: 50-60Hz
Wall-mounted interlocked socket-outlets in aluminium alloy EN1076 AC46001DF suitable for applications in areas at risk of explosive atmospheres as defined in ATEX Directive 94/9/EC. Back box and cover are treated with ecological anticorrosion passivation with fluoro-zirconium and finished with hot polymerized scratch-resistant nontoxic polyester painting. The colour is RAL 9005 black. The interlock system is made of metal, and the inside isolator switch is an AC23A-AC3 class switch at rated current with the capacity of withstanding a short circuit 10kA. The cover is attached to the back box by means of stainless steel screws, the sealing is guaranteed by a gasket in non-ageing elastomer. Supplied with flange with insulated cable gland.
Rated operating current - isolator switch:

16A 25A 32A 40A 63A
Thermal current Ith AC21A AC22A AC23A AC23A 230V
ATEX Directive 94/9/EC EN 60079-0:2009 EN 60079-15:2010 EN 60079-31:2009 Directive 2006/95/EC EN 60309-1:1999 + A1:2007 EN 60309-2:1999 + A1:2007 + A2:2012 EN 60309-4:2007 + A1:2012
A A A
16
16 16 16
32 32 32 8,5 17 15 32
63 63 63 20 63
AC3
500V
400V
230V
500V
400V
kW
kW
8,5
7,5
4,5
8,5
7,5
4,5
8,5 17 15
40
31
18
44
34

II 3G Ex nR IIC T5/T6 Gc II 2D Ex tb IIIC T XX C Db IP66
Cable specifications:
Rated current (A) External (mm) Section (mm2)

16
25/32 40/63
16
12 - 18 16 - 25 16 - 25
1 - 10 1 - 10 6 - 16
MODULE 125 ALUPRES-EX SERIES Wall-mounted interlocked socket-outlets with fuse-holder base in modular enclosure in aluminium alloy 50-60Hz IP66
MODULE 125 ALUPRES-EX SERIES Wall-mounted interlocked socket-outlets without protection in modular enclosure in aluminium alloy 50-60Hz IP66
Rated current (A)
Rated voltage (V)
Voltage colour
Poles
h ref.
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Rated current (A)
Rated voltage (V)
Voltage colour
Poles
h ref.
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
110 110 110 230 16

entry
230 230 400 400 400 500 500 110 230 400 500 400
M25
110 32
entry
230
M32
63
entry
230
400 400
M32
500
Equipment: Flange F1 with insulated cable gland on the top side. Steel blind flange on the bottom side. Characteristics: 10,3x38 cylindrical fuses for 16A socket-outlets. 14x51 cylindrical fuses for 32A socket-outlets. DIII fuses for 63A socket-outlets. Some equipments are double-marked and can be used in zone 2 (GAS) as shown in the table at page 18. Complementary items: Closing flanges at page 19. Enclosures for compositions at page 19. Steel backplate at page 19.
4 4 4 6 9 9 9 6 6 7 4 7 4 6 9 6 6 7 9 6 6 7
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
16
entry
230 400 400 230 400 400 400 400
M25 32
entry
M32 M32
entry
63
Equipment: Flange F1 with insulated cable gland on the top side. Steel blind flange on the bottom side. Characteristics: Some equipments are double-marked and can be used in zone 2 (GAS) as shown in the table at page 18. Complementary items: Closing flanges at page 19. Enclosures for compositions at page 19. Steel backplate at page 19.
2P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+N+Q 3P+N+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
17
Dimensions page 44
MODULE 125
ALUPRES-EX SERIES Wall-mounted interlocked socket-outlets with fuse-holder base in modular enclosure in aluminium alloy 50-60Hz IP66
MODULE 125
ALUPRES-EX SERIES Wall-mounted interlocked socket-outlets without protection in modular enclosure in aluminium alloy 50-60Hz IP66
Rated current (A)
Rated voltage (V)
Voltage colour
Poles
h ref.
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Rated current (A)
Rated voltage (V)
Voltage colour
Poles
h ref.
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
110 110 110 230 16

entry
230 230 400 400 400 500 500 110 230 400 500 400
M25
110 25
entry
230
M32
40
entry
230
400 400
M32
500
Equipment: Flange F1 with insulated cable gland on the top side. Steel blind flange on the bottom side. Characteristics: 10,3x38 cylindrical fuses for 16A socket-outlets. 14x51 cylindrical fuses for 25A and 40A socket-outlets. The products can be installed stand-alone, they cannot be combined in compositions. Some equipments are double-marked and can be used in zone 21-22 (DUST) as shown in the table at page 17. Complementary items: Closing flanges at page 19.
4 4 4 6 9 9 9 6 6 7 4 7 4 6 9 6 6 7 9 6 6 7
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
16
entry
230 400 400 230 400 400 400 400
M25 32
entry
M32 M32
entry
63
Equipment: Flange F1 with insulated cable gland on the top side. Steel blind flange on the bottom side. Characteristics: The equipments are double-marked and can be used in zone 21-22 (DUST) as shown in the table at page 17. Complementary items: Closing flanges at page 19. Enclosures for compositions at page 19. Steel backplate at page 19.
2P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+N+Q 3P+N+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Compatibility of plugs with interlocked socket-outlets for zone 2 (GAS)

Rated current Socket-outlets with fuse-holder Socket-outlets without protection Plugs
16A 25A 40A

18
16A 32A 63A
16A 32A 63A
ALUPRES-EX SERIES Watertight enclosures in aluminium alloy with blind cover IP66
ALUPRES SERIES Closing flanges F1 for socket-outlets and enclosures with windowed walls IP66
Windows
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Material
Projection (mm)
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
125x125 252x125
10 20
F1
511914EX 511919EX
1 1
Thermoplastic Steel
Steel
5,5 32
540031 540091 540061
5 1
F1
F1
Equipment: N. 2 closing flanges. Mounting plate in tropicalized steel. Screws for internal and external earth connection.
Complementary items: Cable glands at page 28.
CEE-EX SERIES Devices for restricted breathing testing of the interlocked socket-outlets
Interlocked socket-outlets rated current
ALUPRES SERIES Back plate in painted zinc-plated steel for the composition of distribution boards with socket-outlets and enclosures
Poles
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
16A 20A/32A 40A/63A
2P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q/3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q/3P+Q/3P+N+Q 3P+Q
478126 478146 478206 478246 478306 478136
1 1 1 1 1 1
Installable devices
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
250x558
532836
Equipment: Transparent tube to be applied at the testing device. Instructions: Insert the testing device into the socket-outlet (test port), tighten the devices shade ring and do the testing according to Art.33.7.1 of EN60079-15 Standards with the suitable measuring device.
ALUPRES SERIES Flanges F1 with metric thread for socket-outlets and enclosures with windowed walls IP66
Distribution board with two ATEX socket-outlets
511919EX
Material
Projection (mm)
Threading
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Steel Steel
18 51
M25 M32
541055 540180
1 1
M125 M125
532836
19
Dimensions page 44
Complementary items: Cable glands at page 28.
TAIS-EX Series Zone 1, 2, 21, 22

WATERTIGHT ENclOSURES IN THERMOSETTING (GRP)
Material: Anti-static thermosetting (GRP) Surface resistivity (prevention of electrostatic charge deposit): < 109 Colour: RAL 9005 (black) Glow wire (EN 60695): 960C Self-extinguishing grade (UL94): V0
22 X
GAS ZONE Usable 0 1 X 2 X 20
DUST 21 X
Operating temperature: -20C +40C Protection rating: IP66 Insulation class: II e
Watertight modular enclosures in anti-static thermosetting (GRP) suitable for applications in areas at risk of explosive atmospheres as defined in ATEX Directive 94/9/EC. The cover is attached to the back box by means of stainless steel screws, the sealing is guaranteed by a gasket in non-ageing elastomer. The enclosures are predisposed for the installation of a DIN EN 50022 rail for mounting composable terminals or either of a backplate in anti-corrosion tropicalized steel.
ATEX Directive 94/9/EC EN 60079-0:2009 EN 60079-7:2007 EN 60079-31:2009

II 2G Ex e IIC T5/T6 Gb II 2D Ex tb IIIC T XX C Db IP66

20
SUITABLE FOR ZONE 1-2 (GAS) AND 21-22 (DUST)
TAIS-EX SERIES Watertight modular enclosures in thermosetting (GRP) with rapid mounting of the accessories IP66
TAIS SERIES Mounting plates in anti-corrosion tropicalized steel for watertight enclosures of 15/10 mm
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Plate dimensions (mm)
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
125x185x125 190x185x125 250x185x125 290x185x125 380x185x125
18 19 23 24 25
532200EX 532201EX 532202EX 532203EX 532204EX
1 1 1 1 1
92x92 125x92 185x92 125x125 185x125 250x125 125x185 190x185 250x185 290x185 380x185
59x59 92x58 142x62 86x86 100x86 175x86 95x145 160x145 220x145 260x145 333x145
532705
532714
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
532715
532716
532717
Equipment: Drilling template.
532718
532700
532701
TAIS-EX SERIES Watertight modular enclosures in thermosetting (GRP) with low cover IP66
532702
532703
532704
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
92x92x68 125x92x68 185x92x68 125x125x100 185x125x100 250x125x100
8 10 12 13 15 20
532035EX 532045EX 532055EX 532116EX 532117EX 532118EX
1 1 1 1 1 1
Holes
TAIS SERIES Cup shaped milling cutters equipped with quick special steel drill connection with tungsten carbide gear teeth specific for thermosetting (GRP)
Nominal diameter (mm)
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
M20 - M25 - M32 - M40
20,5 - 25,5 - 32,5 - 40,5
538410
TAIS-EX SERIES Watertight modular enclosures in thermosetting (GRP) with high cover IP66
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
92x92x100 125x92x100 185x92x100 125x125x125 185x125x125 250x125x125
11 11 16 15 17 22
532005EX 532015EX 532016EX 532017EX 532018EX 532006EX
1 1 1 1 1 1
21
ALUPRES-EX Series Zone 1, 2, 21, 22

WATERTIGHT ENCLOSURES IN ALUMINIUM ALLOY
Material: Aluminium alloy EN1076 AC46001DF Treatment of passivation with fluoro-zirconium Hot polymerized non-toxic polyester painting Colour: RAL 9005 (black) Operating temperature: -20C +40C Protection rating: IP55 - IP66
GAS DUST 2 X 20 21 X 22 X
ZONE Usable
1 X
Insulation class: I
Watertight wall-mounting enclosures in aluminium alloy EN1076 AC46001DF suitable for applications in areas at risk of explosive atmospheres as defined in ATEX Directive 94/9/EC. Back box and cover are treated with ecological anticorrosion passivation with fluoro-zirconium and finished with hot polymerized scratch-resistant nontoxic polyester painting. The colour is RAL 9005 black. The cover is attached to the back box by means of stainless steel screws, the sealing is guaranteed by a gasket in non-ageing elastomer. Predisposed for internal and external earth connection.

II 2G Ex e IIC T5/T6 Gb II 2D Ex tb IIIC T XX C Db IPXX

22
SUITABLE FOR ZONE 1-2 (GAS) AND 21-22 (DUST) SUITABLE FOR ZONE 1-2 (GAS) AND 22 (DUST)
ALUPRES-EX SERIES Wall-mounting enclosures in aluminium alloy with blind walls IP66
ALUPRES-EX SERIES Wall-mounting enclosures in aluminium alloy with blind-flanged walls IP55
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Windows
F0
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
92x92x77 125x125x113 155x155x73 185x185x145 252x185x145
10 20 30 40 42
511910EX
511913EX
1 1 1 1 1
125x92x77 185x92x77 252x125x113 220x220x108 252x252x197
12
F0 F0
511911EX 511912EX
F0 F1
1 1 1 1 1
150021EX
511920EX
23 40
F1 F3
511921EX
Equipment: Screws for internal and external earth connection. Supplied with internal mounting plate (except code 511910EX).
511917EX
F3 F3 F5 F3
45 65
511922EX 511923EX
F5
Equipment: Screws for internal and external earth connection. Supplied with internal mounting plate (except code 511911EX and 511912EX).
ALUPRES SERIES Flanges with metric thread for socket-outlets and enclosures with windowed walls IP66
For window
Threading
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
F0 F1 F1 F3 F5
M25x1,5 M25x1,5 M32x1,5 M40x1,5 M50x1,5
541050 541055 540180 540190 540195
1 1 1 1 1
ALUPRES SERIES Raised closing flanges in aluminium alloy for enclosures with windowed walls IP66
For window
Projection (mm)
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
F5
F3
F1
80
50
32
540065
540063
540061
23
GUIDE TO REALIZING TERMINAL ENCLOSURES

Terminals
Enclosures of TAIS-EX in thermosetting and ALUPRES-EX in aluminium alloy can be completed with cable glands and terminals, to realize customized terminal enclosures, suitable to be installed in zone 1,2, 21 and 22, in compliance with the ATEX Directive 94/9/EC. To realize this configuration there are 2 methods: Certified configurations: they can be obtained by the installer himself, following the instructions indicated in the following guide; Special configurations: they can be realized by Palazzoli on customer specifications. To realize this configuration you need to know: a) number and type of the composable terminals; b) number, type and dispositions of the cable glands.
Cable glands
For special configurations, you need to know also the cable type and the maximum rated current.
a) Number and type of the composable terminals

The EN50022 rail inside the enclosure can be completed with ATEX composable terminals in compliance with the IEC EN 60947-7-1 standards. In the table below, there are indicated the maximum number of composable terminals which can be inserted inside the enclosures, according to the correct power dissipation prescribed by the standards and the maximum number that can be physically inserted.
Palazzoli enclosures T6 class - Operating temperature 40C CODE 532200EX 532201EX 532202EX 532203EX 532204EX 532035EX 532045EX 532055EX 532116EX 532117EX 532118EX 532005EX 532006EX 532015EX 532016EX 532017EX 532018EX 511910EX 511913EX 150021EX 511920EX 511921EX 511911EX 511912EX 511917EX 511922EX 511923EX DIMENSIONS (BxHxD) 185x125x125 190x185x125 250x185x125 290x185x125 380x185x125 92x92x68 125x92x68 185x92x68 125x125x100 185x125x100 250x125x100 92x92x100 125x92x100 185x92x100 125x125x125 185x125x125 250x125x125 92x92x77 125x125x113 155x155x73 185x185x145 252x185x145 125x92x77 185x92x77 252x125x113 220x220x108 252x252x197 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF COMPOSABLE TERMINALS Certified configurations 2,5 mm 7 7 8 8 7 4 5 5 6 6 8 6 5 7 7 7 8 5 9 14 14 15 6 11 15 16 21 4 mm 6 6 7 7 6 3 4 4 5 5 6 5 4 6 6 6 7 4 8 11 13 12 5 9 13 14 17 6 mm 5 5 6 6 5 3 3 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 6 3 6 9 11 11 4 7 11 12 15 10 mm 4 4 6 5 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 5 3 5 7 9 9 3 6 9 9 12 16 mm 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 6 7 7 4 7 8 10 35 mm 4 5 5 5 5 7 2,5 mm 17 28 40 47 56 11 17 28 17 28 40 11 17 28 17 28 40 11 17 23 28 40 17 28 40 35 40 Maximum configuration allowed 4 mm 15 25 35 42 50 10 15 25 15 25 35 10 15 25 15 25 35 10 15 20 25 35 15 25 35 31 35 6 mm 12 19 27 32 38 8 12 19 12 19 27 8 12 19 12 19 27 8 12 15 19 27 12 19 27 23 27 10 mm 9 15 22 25 30 6 9 15 9 15 22 6 9 15 9 15 22 6 9 12 15 22 12 15 22 19 22 16 mm 8 13 18 21 26 5 8 13 8 13 18 5 8 13 8 13 18 5 8 10 13 18 8 13 18 16 18 35 mm 6 10 14 16 20 4 6 10 6 10 14 4 6 10 6 10 14 4 6 8 10 14 6 10 14 12 14
Certified configurations: they can be obtained at the maximum rated current of the terminals, considering only one section. These configurations can be realized and certified by the installer, following the instructions supplied with the product. Maximum configuration allowed: they can be realized with circuits with lower current than the maximum allowed by the terminals. For the realization and certification of these enclosures, you need to contact Palazzoli. The enclosure dimensions depends on the power dissipation of the devices inside the enclosure.
24
b) Number, type and dispositions of the cable glands

Each enclosure can be drilled on the 4 sides with a maximum number of entries that depends on the hole diameter and the side length and depth. On TAIS-EX thermosetting enclosures it is necessary to drill through holes and use cable glands with long thread and the relative nut. The holes must be drilled with specific tools for the thermosetting, such as the cup shaped milling cutters equipped with quick special steel drill connection with tungsten carbide gear teeth code 538410, in order to avoid splinters and irrregularities on the hole profile. On ALUPRES-EX aluminium alloy enclosures it is possible to predispose the threading to directly screw the cable gland. On the sides with free window, you must use flanges predisposed for the threading passage or the blind ones to be drilled. In the table below, there are indicated the sides of the enclosure with free window and opening type.
CODE 532200EX 532201EX 532202EX 532203EX 532204EX 532035EX 532045EX 532055EX 532116EX 532117EX 532118EX 532005EX 532006EX 532015EX 532016EX 532017EX 532018EX 511910EX 511913EX 150021EX 511920EX 511921EX 511911EX 511912EX 511917EX 511922EX 511923EX
DIMENSIONS (BxHxD) 185x125x125 190x185x125 250x185x125 290x185x125 380x185x125 92x92x68 125x92x68 185x92x68 125x125x100 185x125x100 250x125x100 92x92x100 125x92x100 185x92x100 125x125x125 185x125x125 250x125x125 92x92x77 125x125x113 155x155x73 185x185x145 252x185x145 125x92x77 185x92x77 252x125x113 220x220x108 252x252x197
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CABLE GLANDS THAT CAN BE INSTALLED ON EACH SIDE LONG SIDE OF THE ENCLOSURE (B) M16 8 8 14 16 24 1 3 4 4 8 14 1 3 4 5 7 10 2 5 6 12 16 3 4 9 M20 6 6 12 14 22 1 3 4 3 6 12 1 3 4 4 6 8 2 4 5 10 14 2 3 8 M25 3 3 5 6 9 2 2 2 3 6 2 2 2 4 5 1 2 3 8 10 2 2 5 2 1 4 5 4 M32 2 2 4 5 7 1 2 4 1 3 4 M40 2 2 3 4 6 1 2 3 3 4 F3 M50 1 2 3 F5 M16 4 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 5 6 12 12 24 SHORT SIDE OF THE ENCLOSURE (H) M20 3 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 4 4 4 2 4 5 10 10 18 M25 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 8 8 F0 F0 F1 12 M32 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 4 F1 7 M40 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 F3 6 M50 2 2 3
The above instructions are based on calculations of power dissipation relative to the maximum values prescribed by the standards in force. Giving precise information about the terminal boards compositions, cables, currents, cable glands disposition and types, PALAZZOLI CAN REALIZE CUSTOMIZED SOLUTIONS, on request.
25
UNI-EX Series Zone 1, 2, 21, 22

CABLE GLANDS
Material: (insulated cable glands) Body in polyamide Gasket in neoprene (brass cable glands) Body in nickeled brass Gasket in neoprene (adaptors) Galvanised steel
GAS ZONE Usable 0 1 X 2 X 20 DUST 21 X 22 X
Colour: RAL 7035 grey (insulated Pg cable glands) RAL 5012 black (insulated metric cable glands) Protection rating: IP66/IP68 (cable glands) IP66/IP67 (adaptor) Operating temperature: (insulated cable glands) -20C +80C (M12) -35C +95C (brass cable glands) -40C +100C (adaptors) -40C +150C
Cable glands in technopolymer and in nickeled brass with neoprene gasket. Adaptors in galvanised steel with male threading Pg or Gas and female threading to connect devices of different standards. The products are suitable for applications in areas at risk of explosive atmospheres as defined in ATEX Directive 94/9/EC.
ATEX Directive 94/9/EC EN 60079-0:2004 EN 60079-7:2003 EN 61241-0:2006 EN 61241-1:2004

(cable glands) II 2 GD Ex e II, Ex tD A21 IP6X (adaptors) II 2 GD Ex d IIC, Ex e II, Ex tD A21

26
UNI-EX SERIES Insulated cable glands with Pg thread IP66/IP68
UNI-EX SERIES Insulated screwcaps with Pg thread IP66/IP67
Thread
Fixing hole (mm)
Fastening diameter (mm)
Thread length (mm)
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Thread
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Pg7 Pg9 Pg11 Pg13,5 Pg16 Pg21 Pg29 Pg36 Pg42 Pg48
13 16 19 21 23 29 38 48 55 61
3-6,5 4-8 5-10 6,5-12 10-14 13-18 18-25 22-32 32-38 37-44
8 8 8 9 10 11 11 13 13 14
571007EX 571011EX
571009EX
100 100 100 100 50 50 25 10 5 5
21 29 36
571048EX
571042EX
571036EX
571029EX
571021EX
571016EX
571013EX
580234EX
580233EX
580232EX
1 1 1
Equipment: With gasket included.
UNI-EX SERIES Insulated cable glands with Pg thread and long thread IP66/IP68
UNI SERIES Polygonal nuts with Pg thread
Thread
Fixing hole (mm)
Thread length (mm)
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Thread
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
13 16 19 21 23 29 38 48 55 61
3-6,5 4-8 5-10 6,5-12 10-14 13-18 18-25 22-32 32-38 37-44
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 18 18 18
571148EX
571142EX
571136EX
571129EX
571121EX
571116EX
571113EX
571111EX
571109EX
571107EX
100 100 100 100 50 50 25 10 5 5
571207 571209 571211 571213 571216 571221 571229 571236 571242 571248
50 50 50 50 50 25 20 10 5 5
27
UNI-EX SERIES Insulated cable glands with metric thread IP66/IP68
UNI SERIES Insulated polygonal nuts with metric thread
Thread
Fixing hole (mm)
Thread length (mm)
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Thread
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
M12x1,5 M16x1,5 M20x1,5 M25x1,5 M32x1,5 M40x1,5 M50x1,5 M63x1,5
12,5 16,5 20,5 25,5 32,5 40,5 50,5 63,5
4-6,5 5-10 10-14 12-18 16-25 22-32 28-38,5 40-48
8 10 10 10 10 10 12 12
581012EX
581016EX
50 50 50 20 20 20 10 5
581216 581220 581232 581250 581263 581240 581225
581212
50 50 50 50 50 20 10 5
581020EX
581025EX
581032EX
581040EX
581050EX
581063EX
UNI-EX SERIES Insulated cable glands with metric thread and long thread IP66/IP68
Thread
Fixing hole (mm)
Thread length (mm)
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
12,5 16,5 20,5 25,5 32,5 40,5 50,5 63,5
4-6,5 5-10 10-14 12-18 16-25 22-32 28-38,5 40-48
15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16
581112EX
581116EX
50 50 50 20 20 20 10 5
581120EX
581125EX
581132EX
581140EX
581150EX
581163EX
28
UNI-EX SERIES Brass cable glands with metric thread IP66/IP68
UNI-EX SERIES Adaptors in galvanised steel for conduit/box couplings Gas/Metric IP66/IP67
Thread
Fixing hole (mm)
Thread length (mm)
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Male thread
Female thread
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
12,5 16,5 20,5 25,5 32,5 40,5 50,5 63,5
4,5-6,5 5-9,5 8-13 9-16 12-21 16-27 23-35 36-48
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
582112EX
582116EX
50 50 50 20 20 20 10 5
3/8 Gas 1/2 Gas 3/4 Gas 1 Gas
M16x1,5 M20x1,5 M25x1,5 M32x1,5
582120EX
582125EX
582132EX
580365EX
580364EX
580361EX
580360EX
1 1 1 1
582140EX
582150EX
582163EX
UNI SERIES Brass polygonal nuts with metric thread
UNI-EX SERIES Adaptors in galvanised steel for conduit/box couplings Pg/Metric IP66/IP67
Thread
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Male thread
Female thread
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
582220 582232 582250 582240 582225
582216
582212
50 50 50 25 20 10 10 5
Pg21 Pg29 Pg36
M25x1,5 M32x1,5 M40x1,5
580394EX 580395EX 580396EX
1 1 1
582263
Guide to choosing
Male thread
Female thread
29
CAM-EX Series Zone 2, 21, 22

WATERTIGHT CONTROL DEVICES IN THERMOSETTING (GRP)
Body material: Anti-static thermosetting (GRP) Surface resistivity (prevention of electrostatic charge deposit): < 109 Colour: RAL 9005 (black) Glow wire (EN 60695): 960C Self-extinguishing grade (UL94): V0
DUST 21 X 22 X
Operating temperature: -20C +40C Protection rating: IP66 Insulation class: II e Rated operating voltage (Ui): 500V Conditional short-circuit current: 10kA Mechanical duration: 1.000.000 operations
Watertight control devices in anti-static thermosetting (GRP) suitable for applications in areas at risk of explosive atmospheres as defined in ATEX Directive 94/9/EC. The cover is attached to the back box by means of stainless steel screws, the sealing is guaranteed by a gasket in non-ageing elastomer. Supplied with internal earth terminal. The isolator switch is an AC23A-AC3 class switch at rated current with the capacity of withstanding a short circuit 10kA, the mechanical duration is over one million of operations.
Rated operating current (Ie):
ATEX Directive 94/9/EC EN 60079-0:2009 EN 60079-15:2010 EN 60079-31:2009 Directive 2006/95/EC EN 60947-3:2009 + A1:2012
10A 16A
20A 25A
32A 40A
50A 63A

II 3G Ex nR IIC T6 Gc II 2D Ex tb IIIC T XX C Db IP66
Thermal current Ith 415V AC21A 500V 415V AC22A 500V 230V 400V AC23A 500V 230V AC23A 400V 500V 230V AC3 400V 500V
A A A A kW kW
16 16 16 16 4,5 7,5 10 4,5 7,5 10
25 25 25 25 7 12 14 7 12 14
40 40 40 40 11 19 23 11 19 23
63 63 63 63 20 34 44 18 31 40
Connections:
Cable section Tightening torque mm2 Nm 1-4 1,5 1,5-6 1,5 4-10 2 6-16 2

30
CAM-EX SERIES Watertight wall-mounting rotary switches in thermosetting (GRP) IP66
CAM-EX SERIES Watertight wall-mounting rotary switches in thermosetting (GRP) IP66
Rated current (A)
Poles
Enclosure dimensions (mm)
Holes
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Rated current (A)
Poles
Holes
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
92x125
16
92x125
92x125
92x125
25
92x125
92x125
125x185
40
125x185
125x185
125x185
63
125x185
125x185
Equipment: Insulated cable glands. Internal earth terminal. Characteristics: The same equipment can be used in zone 2 (GAS) as shown in the table on the side.
K K K L L L M M M N N N
M20 M20 M20 M20 M20 M25 M25 M25 M25 M25 M25 M25 M25 M25 M25 M25 M25 M32 M32 M32 M32 M32 M32
M20
292101EX
92x125
292102EX
10
92x125
292103EX
92x125
292201EX
92x125
292202EX
20
92x125
292203EX
92x125
292301EX
125x185
292302EX
32
125x185
292303EX
125x185
292411EX
125x185
292412EX
50
125x185
292413EX
125x185
Equipment: Insulated cable glands. Internal earth terminal. Characteristics: The same equipment can be used in zone 21,22 (DUST) as shown in the table on the side.
Dimensions page 45
K K K L L L M M M N N N
M20 M20 M20 M20 M20 M25 M25 M25 M25 M25 M25 M32 M32 M32 M32 M32 M32 M40 M40 M40 M40 M40 M40
M20
292101EX
292102EX
292103EX
292201EX
292202EX
292203EX
292301EX
292302EX
292303EX
292411EX
292412EX
292413EX
31
CAM-EX Series Zone 2, 21, 22

WATERTIGHT CONTROL DEVICES IN ALUMINIUM ALLOY
Body material: Aluminium alloy EN1076 AC46001DF Treatment of passivation with fluoro-zirconium Hot polymerized non-toxic polyester painting Colour: RAL 9005 (black) Operating temperature: -20C +40C Protection rating: IP66
DUST 21 X 22 X
Rated operating voltage (Ui): 500V Insulation class: I Conditional short-circuit current: 10kA Mechanical duration: 1.000.000 operations
Watertight control devices in aluminium alloy EN1076 AC46001DF suitable for applications in areas at risk of explosive atmospheres as defined in ATEX Directive 94/9/EC. Back box and cover are treated with ecological anticorrosion passivation with fluoro-zirconium and finished with hot polymerized scratch-resistant non-toxic polyester painting. The cover is attached to the back box by means of stainless steel screws, the sealing is guaranteed by a gasket in non-ageing elastomer. Predisposed for internal and external earth connection. The isolator switch is an AC3-AC23A class switch at rated current with the capacity of withstanding a short circuit 10kA, the mechanical duration is over one million of operations.
Rated operating current (Ie):

16A 25A 32A 50A 63A
ATEX Directive 94/9/EC EN 60079-0:2009 EN 60079-15:2010 EN 60079-31:2009 Directive 2006/95/EC EN 60947-3:2009 + A1:2012

II 3G Ex nR IIC T6 Gc II 2D Ex tb IIIC T 70 C Db IP66
Thermal current Ith 415V AC21A 500V 415V AC22A 500V 230V 400V AC23A 500V 230V AC23A 400V 500V 230V AC3 400V 500V
A A A A kW kW
16 16 16 16 4,5 7,5 10 4,5 7,5 10
25 25 25 25 7 12 14 7 12 14
32 40 40 40 11 19 23 11 19 23
63 63 63 63 20 34 44 18 31 40
Connections:
Cable section Tightening torque mm2 Nm 1-4 1,5 1,5-6 1,5 4-10 2 6-16 2

32
CAM-EX SERIES Watertight wall-mounting rotary switches in aluminium alloy IP66
CAM-EX SERIES Watertight wall-mounting rotary selector switches in aluminium alloy IP66
Rated current (A)
Poles
Holes
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Rated current (A)
Poles
Holes
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
92x92
3 16 4
92x92
92x92
92x125
92x92
3 25 4
92x92
92x92
92x125
125x125
3 40 4
125x125
125x125
125x185
3 63
Zone 21, 22
125x185
50
Zone 2
125x185
M32
Equipment: Insulated cable glands. Internal and external earth terminal.
33
Dimensions page 45
125x185
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q C C C C C C C
M20 M20 M20 M20 M20 M25 M25 M25 M25 M25 M25 M25 M25 M25 M25 M32 M32 M32 M32 M32 M32 M32 M32 M32 M32 M32 M32 M32
M20
272141EX
1 16
92x125
272142EX
92x125
272143EX
1 25
92x125
272144EX
92x125
272241EX
1 40
125x185
272242EX
125x185
272243EX
1 50
125x185
272244EX
252x185
272301EX
Equipment: Insulated cable glands. Internal and external earth terminal.
272302EX
V V W W V V W W
M20 2xM20 M20 2xM20 M25 2xM20 M25 2xM20 M32 2xM25 M32 2xM25 M32 2xM25 M32 2xM25
272146EX
272147EX
272246EX
272247EX
272306EX
272307EX
282406EX
282407EX
272303EX
272304EX
282402EX
282403EX
282404EX
ALARM-EX Series Zone 2, 21, 22

WATERTIGHT SIRENS AND BELLS FOR ALARMS AND SIGNALLING
Body material: Aluminium alloy EN1076 AC46001DF Treatment of passivation with fluoro-zirconium Hot polymerized non-toxic polyester painting Siren drum material: Painted galvanised steel Colour: RAL 9005 (black) RAL 2011 (deep orange)
22 X
DUST 21 X
Sirens and bells in aluminium alloy for continuous operation, suitable for applications in areas at risk of explosive atmospheres as defined in ATEX Directive 94/9/EC. The internal terminal board is in self-extinguishing thermosetting insulating material. Screws for internal and external earth connection. Back box and cover are treated with ecological anti-corrosion passivation with fluoro-zirconium and finished with hot polymerized scratch-resistant non-toxic polyester painting. The colour of the back box is RAL 9005 black while the cover is RAL 2011 deep orange. The gasket in non-ageing elastomer and the stainless steel screws guarantee the watertight sealing with IP66 protection rating for the sirens and IP55 for the bells.
Operating temperature: -20C +40C Protection rating: IP66 (sirens) IP55 (bells) Operating current: 24VAC 230VAC Insulation class: I Frequency: 50-60Hz
ATEX Directive 94/9/EC EN 60079-0:2009 EN 60079-15:2010 EN 60079-31:2009 Directive 2006/95/EC EN 62080:2009

(sirens) II 3G Ex nA IIC T4/T3 Gc II 2D Ex tb IIIC T 70 C Db IP66 (bells) II 3G Ex nA IIC T4/T3 Gc II 3D Ex tc IIIB T 70 C Dc IP55

34
SUITABLE FOR ZONE 2 (GAS) AND 22 (DUST)
ALARM-EX SERIES Watertight sirens in aluminium alloy with vibrating diaphragm 50-60Hz IP66
ALARM-EX SERIES Watertight bells in aluminium alloy with steel drum 50-60Hz IP55
Rated current (V)
Sound level (dB)
Initial power (VA)
Vibrating power (VA)
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Rated current (V)
Sound level (dB)
Initial power (VA)
Vibrating power (VA)
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
24 110 230
105 105 105
60 60 60
25 25 25
900453EX
900463EX
1 1 1
24 110 230
101 101 101
13 13 13
11 11 11
900253EX
900473EX
900263EX
1 1 1
900273EX
Equipment: Insulated cable gland M20. Terminal block in insulating thermosetting (GRP). Internal and external earth terminal.
Equipment: Insulated cable gland M20. Terminal block in insulating thermosetting (GRP). Internal and external earth terminal.
ALARM-EX SERIES Directional horn for sirens
Diameter max (mm)
Projection siren+horn (mm)
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
112
238
900449
Equipment: Stainless steel fixing screws.
35
Dimensions page 46
TAIS MIGNON-EX Series Zone 2, 21, 22

SMALL DEVICES AND ENCLOSURES IN THERMOSETTING (GRP)
Material: Anti-static thermosetting (GRP) Surface resistivity (prevention of electrostatic charge deposit): < 109 Colour: RAL 9005 (black) Glow wire (EN 60695): 960C Self-extinguishing grade (UL94): V0 Operating temperature: -20C +40C
22 X
DUST 21 X
Protection rating: IP66 Insulation class: II e
Small devices and watertight enclosures in anti-static thermosetting (GRP) suitable for applications in areas at risk of explosive atmospheres as defined in ATEX Directive 94/9/EC. The cover is attached to the back box by means of stainless steel screws, the sealing is guaranteed by a gasket in non-ageing elastomer.

II 3G Ex nR IIC T6 Gc II 2D Ex tb IIIC T 70 C Db IP66

36
TAIS MIGNON-EX SERIES Switches in watertight wall-mounting enclosure in thermosetting (GRP) IP66
TAIS MIGNON-EX SERIES Push buttons ON-OFF in watertight wall-mounting enclosure in thermosetting (GRP) IP66
Electrical scheme
Poles
Rated current
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Poles
Rated current
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
One-way One-way Two-way
1 2 1
16A 250V~ / 10A 400V~ 16A 250V~ / 10A 400V~ 16A 250V~ / 10A 400V~
202271EX
202282EX
1 1 1
10A 400V~
261433EX
202276EX
Equipment: Insulated cable gland M20. Characteristics: Predisposed for restricted breathing testing.
TAIS MIGNON-EX SERIES Selector switches in watertight wall-mounting enclosure in thermosetting (GRP) IP66
TAIS MIGNON-EX SERIES Wall-mounting enclosures in thermosetting (GRP) IP66
Poles
Rated current
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Holes
Entries
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
16A 250V~ / 10A 400V~
202275EX
Equipment: Insulated cable gland M20. Characteristics: Predisposed for restricted breathing testing. Removing the internal jumper, the device can be used as two indipendent one-pole switches.
62x80x38
62x80x38
62x80x38
M20
62x80x38
M20 M20
TAIS MIGNON-EX SERIES Push buttons in watertight wall-mounting enclosure in thermosetting (GRP) IP66
77x102x48
77x102x48
M25 M25
77x102x55
Poles Rated current Palazzoli code Pack Q.ty
M25
1 NO 1 NC
10A 400V~ 10A 400V~
261435EX
37
Dimensions page 46
261445EX
1 1
Equipment: Insulated cable glands. Characteristics: Predisposed for restricted breathing testing.
_
M20 M20 M20 M20 M20 M20 M20 M20 M20 M20 M20 M20 M20 M20 M20 M20 M20 M20 M25 M25 M25 M25
M20
101021EX
12
M20
101031EX
10
M20
101041EX
12
M20
101061EX
12
M20
101151EX
10
M25
101161EX
M25
M25
101181EX
12
ROND-EX Series Zone 2, 21, 22

SMALL DEVICES AND ENCLOSURES IN ALUMINIUM ALLOY
Body material: Aluminium alloy EN1076 AC46001DF Treatment of passivation with fluoro-zirconium Hot polymerized non-toxic polyester painting Colour: RAL 9005 (black) Operating temperature: -20C +40C Protection rating: IP66 (switches/push buttons) IP65 (enclosures)
DUST 21 X 22 X
Insulation class: I
Small devices and watertight enclosures in aluminium alloy EN1076 AC46001DF suitable for applications in areas at risk of explosive atmospheres as defined in ATEX Directive 94/9/EC. Back box and cover are treated with ecological anticorrosion passivation with fluoro-zirconium and finished with hot polymerized scratch-resistant non-toxic polyester painting. The cover is attached to the back box by means of stainless steel screws, the sealing is guaranteed by a gasket in non-ageing elastomer. Predisposed for internal and external earth connection.

II 3G Ex nR IIC T6 Gc II 2D Ex tb IIIC T 70 C Db IP6X Certificates can be downloaded from the website www.palazzoli.com
38
ROND-EX SERIES One-way switches in wall-mounting enclosure in aluminium alloy IP66
ROND-EX SERIES Wall-mounting round enclosures in aluminium alloy with metric entries IP65
Poles
Rated current
Entry type
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Internal diameter (mm)
Entry type
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
1 2
16A 250V~ / 10A 400V~ 16A 250V~ / 10A 400V~
M20 M20
201152EX
201151EX
1 1
62 62 62 82 82 82
3 3 3 4 4 4
1xM20 2xM20 3XM20 1XM25 2XM25 3XM25
112020EX 112030EX 112040EX
1 1 1 1 1 1
Equipment: Insulated cable gland M20. Internal and external earth terminal. Characteristic: Predisposed for restricted breathing testing.
113020EX
113030EX
113040EX
ROND-EX SERIES Two-way switches in wall-mounting enclosure in aluminium alloy IP66
Equipment: Insulated cable glands. Internal and external earth terminal. Characteristic: Predisposed for restricted breathing testing.
Poles
Rated current
Entry type
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
16A 250V~ / 10A 400V~
M20
201156EX
ROND-EX SERIES Push-buttons in wall-mounting enclosure in aluminium alloy IP66
Poles
Rated current
Entry type
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
39
Dimensions page 46
1NO
10A 400V~
M20
261021EX
RINO-EX Series Zone 2, 21, 22

WATERTIGHT LIGHTING FIXTURE IN ALUMINIUM ALLOY
Body material: Aluminium alloy EN1076 AC46001DF Treatment of passivation with fluoro-zirconium Hot polymerized non-toxic polyester painting Diffuser material: Prismatic tempered glass Protection cage material: Painted tropicalized steel wire Colour: RAL 7035 (light grey) - Back box RAL 2011 (deep orange) - Protection cage
22 X
DUST 21 X
Protection rating: IP65 Insulation class: I Operating temperature: -20C +40C Lampholder: E27 type in porcelain Rated voltage: 230V Frequency: 50-60Hz Cable section max: 2,5 mm2
Watertight lighting fixture in aluminium alloy EN1076 AC46001DF suitable for applications in areas at risk of explosive atmospheres as defined in ATEX Directive 94/9/EC. The body of the lighting fixture is treated with ecological anti-corrosion passivation with fluoro-zirconium and finished with hot polymerized scratch-resistant non-toxic polyester painting. The colour of the body is RAL 7035 light grey. The diffuser is in prismatic tempered glass. The protection cage is RAL 2011 deep orange and is attached to the body by means of stainless steel screws, the sealing is guaranteed by a gasket in non-ageig elastomer. Predisposed for entry through an M20 cable gland. Complete with internal and external earth screw.
ATEX Directive 94/9/EC EN 60079-0:2009 EN 60079-15:2010 EN 60079-31:2009 Directive 2006/95/EC EN 60598-1:2008 + A11: 2009 EN 60598-2-1:1989

II 3G Ex nA IIC 145/160/190 C (T3) Gc II 2D Ex tb IIIC T 75/85/90 C Db IP65

40
LIGHTING DEVICES

Lamp/lighting fixture correspondence Max wattage
Lamp type Lighting fixture type Lamp power E27
RINO-EX SERIES Watertight oval lighting fixture in aluminium alloy with protection cage 230V 50-60Hz IP65
Small Medium Big

Lighting xture type Dimensions (mm) Palazzoli code Pack Q.ty
18W max 28W max 53W max
Small Medium Big
199x112 226x130 295x170
831072EX 831172EX 831272EX
1 1 1
Round
28W max
Equipment: Internal and external earth screw. Insulated cable gland M20.
RINO-EX SERIES Watertight round lighting fixture in aluminium alloy with protection cage 230V 50-60Hz IP65
Lamp/lighting fixture correspondence Dimensions
Lighting xture type
Dimensions (mm)
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Round
200x182
830072EX
Equipment: Internal and external earth screw. Insulated cable gland M20.
Lamp type
Lighting fixture type
A (mm)
B (mm)
Small Medium Big
90 110 168
38 40 43
Round
90
38
41
Dimensions page 47
RINO-EX Series Zone 2, 21, 22

WATERTIGHT LIGHTING FIXTURE IN STAINLESS STEEL
Enclosure material: Stainless steel AISI304 Diffuser material: Tempered glass Protection rating: IP66 Insulation class: I
DUST 21 X 22 X
Operating temperature: -20C +40C Lampholder: G13 T8 / G5 T5 Rated voltage: 230V Frequency: 50Hz Cable section max: 2,5 mm2
Watertight lighting fixture in stainless steel AISI304 suitable for applications in areas at risk of explosive atmospheres as defined in ATEX Directive 94/9/EC. The diffuser is in tempered glass. The fixing hooks are in stainless steel AISI304. The sealing is guaranteed by a reinforced gasket in non-ageing elastomer. Complete with corrosion resistant non-loosening terminals and non-sparking lampholder. Supplied with M20 cable gland. Complete with internal and external earth connection.
ATEX Directive 94/9/EC EN 60079-0:2009 EN 60079-15:2010 EN 60079-31:2009 Directive 2006/95/EC EN 60598-1:2008 + A11: 2009 EN 60598-2-1:1989

II 3G Ex nA IIC T4 Gc II 2D Ex tb IIIC T 100 C Db IP66

42
LIGHTING DEVICES
RINO-EX SERIES Lighting fixtures in stainless steel-glass with white reflector 230V 50Hz IP66
RINO SERIES Pair of hooks for pendant installation of lighting fixtures
Lamp wattage (W)
Power supply
Lampholders and lamps
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
Manufacture material
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
1x18 1x36 2x18 2x36 3x18 3x36 1x54 2x54
electromagnetic electromagnetic electromagnetic electromagnetic electromagnetic electromagnetic
G13 T8 G13 T8 G13 T8 G13 T8 G13 T8 G5 T5 G13 T8 G5 T5
822101EX
822201EX
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Stainless steel AISI 304
820001
822102EX
Equipment: Lighting fixture washers and fixing nuts.
822202EX
822103EX 822203EX 822961EX 822962EX 822211EX
electronic 230VAC/DC emergency
electronic 230VAC/DC
(1+1)x36
G13 T8
Equipment: Polyamide cable gland M20. Pair of hooks in AISI304 steel for pendant installation. Characteristics: Fluorescent tubes are not included. Lighting fixtures with electronic power supply work on 50/60 Hz.
RINO SERIES Pair of swivelling supports for wall and ceiling installation of lighting fixture
Rotating angle
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
RINO-EX SERIES Lighting fixtures in stainless steel-glass with symmetrical reflector and fuse protection 230V 50Hz IP66
75
Stainless steel AISI 304
820000
Equipment: Lighting fixture washers and fixing nuts.
Lamp wattage (W)
Power supply
Lampholders and lamps
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
RINO SERIES Pair of collars for installation on tube of painted stainless steel lighting fixtures
2x18
2x36 2x18 2x36
electromagnetic
electromagnetic
G13 T8
G13 T8 G13 T8 G13 T8 G13 T8 G13 T8
820102EX
820202EX 820132EX 820232EX 820111EX 820211EX
1 1 1 1 1
electronic 230VAC/DC emergency emergency
electronic 230VAC/DC
(1+1)x18 (1+1)x36
Tube diameter (mm)
Palazzoli code
Pack Q.ty
stainless steel AISI 304
60
820006
43
Dimensions page 47
Equipment: Nickel-plated brass cable gland M20. Pair of hooks in AISI304 steel for pendant installation. Characteristics: Fluorescent tubes are not included. Lighting fixtures with electronic power supply work on 50/60 Hz.
Dimensions
TAIS-EX Series
Socket-outlets Mounting plate
Rated current (A) 16
Poles 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q
entry cable (mm) 1218
A B (mm) (mm) 380 159 164 175 177 185 203
C D E (mm) (mm) (mm) 335 25 319
Fixing
Code 532800 532802 532804
A B (mm) (mm) 125 250 380 110 215 345
C D (mm) (mm) 609 630
20 / 32
1625
380
335
32
319
40 / 63
1625
423
370
32
354
ALUPRES-EX Series
Socket-outlets Mounting plate
A B (mm) (mm) 350 150 155 160 168 170 188
C D E (mm) (mm) (mm) 315 M25 300
25 / 32
1625
390
315
M32
Fixing
300 40 / 63 1625 430 355 M32 340
44
CAM-EX Series in thermosetting
Fixing
Rated current (A) 10-16 20-25 32-40 50-63
entry cable (mm) 1014 1218 1625
A B (mm) (mm) 175 122
C D E F A (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) 25 125 92 111 78
260
165
37,5
185
125
169
109
CAM-EX Series in aluminium alloy
Fixing
Fixing
Code 272141EX 272142EX 272143EX 272144EX 272241EX 272242EX 272243EX 272244EX 272301EX 272302EX 272303EX 272304EX 272402EX 272403EX 272404EX
A B (mm) (mm) 140 175 87 103 120 87 103 120 150 150 150
C D E F (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) 92 125 92 125 185 185 185 92 92 92 92 125 125 125 77 110 77 110 170 170 170 77 77 77 77 110 110 110
Code 272146EX 272147EX 272246EX 272247EX 272306EX 272307EX 272406EX 272407EX
entry cable (mm) 1014 1218
exit cable (mm) 1014
A B (mm) (mm) 165 165 225 225 165 130 130 170 170
C D E F (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) 125 125 185 185 125 92 92 125 125 185
77
110
1218
150 175 275
1625
1218
110 170
170 110
1625
275 275
45
CEE-EX Series
ALARM-EX Series
A B (mm) (mm) 112 117 124 141 73 80 88 94 101 110
Entry threading Pg 13,5 Pg 16 Pg 21
32
63
208
Pg 29
TAIS MIGNON-EX Series
ROND-EX Series
Internal diameter (mm) 62 82
A B (mm) (mm) 45 57 140 180
C (mm) 82 106
D (mm) M20x1,5 M25x1,5
E (mm) 6,5 7
46
RINO-EX Series
Oval lighting fixture type (W) 60 75 100
A B (mm) (mm) 199 226 295 119 122 142
C D E F (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) 100 105 127 184 210 278 112 130 170 42 42 52
RINO-EX Series
Lamp type (W) 18 36-54
A B (mm) (mm) 690 1300 480 1090
47
Presentation
The book ATEX Planning and Installation is addressed especially to designers, installers and maintainers of electrical equipment installed in potentially explosive atmospheres. There are illustrated and dened fundamental elements to individuate ignition sources and to prevent explosions due to electrical causes. Numerous summary tables help the reader to apply new legislative requirements and regulations. It is a general legislative and technical approach, useful for anyone that has to deal with the explosion danger.
48
This book has been written using the homonym text of Eng. Mirko Martina, member of CT 31. Special thanks to Eng. Maurizio DAddato, Director of the National Fire-watchers Corps, for his kind permission to access the unique official statistical data that analyze the extent of the damages suffered by people due to explosions.
Planning and Installation
ATEX
49
INDEX
1. ORIGINS AND REGULATIONS
page 52
1.1 Introduction 1.2 Relevance Modern studies about res and explosions in Italy 1.3 Short normative history - ATEX 1.4 Directives ATEX 1.4.1 Directive 1999/92/EC 1.4.2 Directive 94/9/EC
page page page page page page
52 52 53 54 54 55
2. TECHNICAL ASPECTS
page
56
2.1 Explosion 2.2 The areas at risk 2.3 Explosive atmosphere at presence of gas, vapour and fog 2.4 Explosive atmosphere at presence of dusts 2.5 Sources of ignition 2.5.1 Electric arc 2.5.2 Supercial temperature of equipment 2.5.3 Electrostatic discharge 2.5.4 Other possible forms of ignition
page page page page page page page page page page page page page page page
56 57 58 60 63 63 63 63 65 65 67 67 69 71 72
2.6 Evaluation of probabilities of presence of explosive atmosphere 2.7 Classication of gases and dusts 2.8 Level of safety for electrical equipment installed in explosive atmosphere 2.9 Electrical constructions Ex (IEC/EN 60079) 2.9.1 Directive IEC/EN 60079: General Requirements 2.9.2 Methods of protection
50
3. INSTALLATION MODALITIES
page
79
3.1 Electrical devices in potentially explosive areas 3.2 Initial approach: data and information collection necessary for planning 3.3 Responsibilities 3.4 Marking 3.5 Declaration of conformity 3.6 Verication and maintenance 3.6.1 Verication 3.6.2 Verication documents 3.6.3 Verication process of new plants 3.6.4 Personnel qualications
page page page page page page page page page page page page page
79 80 81 82 86 87 87 88 89 90 92 92 98
3.7 Inspection schedules 3.7.1 Verications that do not depend on the protection type of equipment
3.8 European vs. American perspective
4. PRODUCTS INSTALLATION PARAMETERS
page 100
4.1 Equipment selection 4.1.1 Information and necessary data 4.1.2 Selection in relation to the Hazardous Zone 4.1.3 Choice in relation to the Ex equipment group 4.1.4 Choice in relation to the environmental temperature 4.1.5 Choice in relation to ignition temperature of gases 4.1.6 Choice in relation to the ignition temperature of dusts
page page
101 101
page 102 page 102 page 103 page 104 page 104 page 107
4.2 External inuences
51
1. ORIGINS AND REGULATIONS

1.1 Introduction Historically, workplace risks from electric devices originated at the beginning of 1900s, when formations of firedamp in coal and sulphur mines led to many disasters. An explosion of methane gas (firedamp, also called mine gas) in a coal mine caused the death thousands of workers. Investigations were conducted in order to establish the causes of the accidents, they showed that the explosion was provoked by the low-voltage signal system used to communicate the readiness of the coal trolleys to climb from the bottom to the surface of the mine. This system, composed of low voltage batteries and a siren, and wiring running along the tunnels, was believed to be safe as it was working on low voltage and low current. However, it was clear that without protection, the inductive energy magazined in the siren, and in the wiring itself, would produce sufficient levels of energy to create a spark and consequently, an explosion of the dangerous mixture of air and gas. Therefore, the electric device and the circuits associated to it, had to be constructed in new ways to mitigate future risks, and protect against possible damage of the devices themselves. Evidently these types of risk do not occur only in the mining sector, petroleum and chemical industries present obviously risks, but also a lot of food, agriculture and manufacturing and finishing industries generate as part of their normal daily routines of atmospheres of dust and unfavorable mixtures, that are potentially explosive.
1.2 Relevance Modern studies about res and explosions in Italy

Percentage of deaths due to fires and explosions (Period 2007-2011)
(Breakdown regarding typology - Period 2007-2011)
Deaths due to explosions in Italy
Fires 76% Explosions 24%
All deaths 686
All deaths 164 Deaths due to explosions in Italy
Deaths due to explosions in industries in Italy

(Breakdown regarding typology - Period 2007-2011)
Foodstuffs 12% Various 16%
(Annual Breakdown in relation to the typology)
Fireworks 46%
Pharmaceutics 5% Chemistry 21%
All deaths 43
Residences
Industries Railways
Commercial activities
Agricultural activities
Auto
Various Storages
52
Even today, a hundred years or so later, these matters still concern us take for example, the measure of the tragic relevance that is confronted in the present technical study that is taken from the official research that analyzes the amount of fatalities and injuries in Italy in the period 2007 2011. These statistics from Eng. Maurizio DAddato, Director of the National Fire-watchers Corps. They show immediately entity and dimension of the problem taken as a whole and then in a detailed way focuses on sectors and typologies.
1.3 Short normative history - ATEX The first Italian regulation regarding flameproof electric plants is from 1955 (D.P.R. 547). One year after the directive CEI 23-4 acknowledged the way of protection from explosions, 13 years later confirmed in the CEI 31-1, the first Directive of Committee 31 aligned with recommendations IEC and CENELEC. This initial choice, followed by almost 40 years of lack of new directives, conditioned the Italian electric plant design that remained on the level of syllogism till 1994: flameproof = explosion protection, however it was acknowledged just on the formal level. Because of the community obligation, also other ways of protection were strengthening in Europe and in the United States. The ATEX directive, published in 1994, but definitely in function just from the 1st July 2003, broke with the past and established four firm points: 1. The directive itself establishes the minimum requirements of protection, that even though are coherent with the directive in force, they are not strictly bound to it. 2. In all places that are classified as dangerous in the aspect of risk of explosion for the presence of gas or dust, restrictions concerning requirements of security need to be followed. 3. The danger is divided into three levels and each of them concerns a particular category of requirements: the category 1 covers the level of the highest risk (zone 0 and 20), the category 2 the level of high risk (zone 1 and 21), the category 3 from the quantitative point of view is the most important one, the level of risk is defined as normal (zone 2 and 22). The definition normal is not accidental; indeed all directives of the Community impose the highest possible levels of prevention from the formation of explosive atmospheres, in other words in normal conditions there should exist just zones 2 and 22. 4. The declaration of conformity that meets the requirements of security has to refer to the standard or new way of protection and to the above-mentioned categories and needs to be accompanied with a way of control of manufacturing that guarantees the continuity of meeting such requirements during the production. For effect of the point 1 it is not necessary to expect that the new directives would recognize new ways of protection to gain the certification as the directive contains sufficient and detailed indications. For effect of the point 2 there are not acknowledged anymore old implants AD-T and AD-FT based on the waterproofing standards IP55 and IP44, now replaced with the ones in a way of protection Ex n G and D. For effect of the point 3 the old Directive CEI 64-23 had to be replaced by new CEI 31-30 and 31-34 that introduce more rational criterion of determination of the zone 2 amplifying considerably the field of the use of requirements of the category 3 to which belong the typologies Ex n. For effect of the point 4 the guarantee is extended to production and not only to the prototype subordinate to the verifying entity; in particular the way of control of manufacturing, to put in disposition of authorities in charge to supervise, for companies with the certification ISO 9000 becomes a certified commitment. At last, it can be added that the new approach ATEX offers to the user the major guarantees of security together with possibility to graduate costs for the explosion protection to the effective entity of danger; in the meantime frees the technological research from rigid subjugation to the directive that have frequently excessive and daunting time of preparation and transposition.
53
In this new approach there are collocated the constructions Ex n G and D represented by Palazzoli, appropriate to many requirements of the directive ATEX and of the constructive norms CEI EN that refer to the explosion-proof technology of the III generation.
Before Now
petrol
petrol some meter
Difference between previous normative and ATEX
1.4 Directives Atex The principles of security against explosion are included in two Community directives known as Directives Atex: Directive 1999/92/EC and Directive 94/9/EC. The attainment of the acceptable level is a result of the analysis of risk and in particular of minimization of two factors that influence the likeliness of explosion, that is: the likeliness of the formation of explosive atmospheres and the likelihood of the presence of sparks. The eevaluation of the likelihood of the explosive formation determines the subdivision in Zones of danger according to the origin of the explosive atmosphere in the presence of gas and dust (Directive 1999/92/EC). The evaluation of the likeliness of sparks in the explosive atmosphere determines the protection from the trigger of the explosive atmosphere by means of electric devices and/or components constructed in a way of protection that guarantees a level of security that corresponds to right zone of danger (Directive 94/9/EC). The prescriptions of security of devices to install in hazardous zones are also addressed to non-electric equipments. As follows there are illustrated all fundamental points of the two directives. 1.4.1 Directive 1999/92/EC The directive 1999/92/EC is a social directive that was submitted after consultation with the Advisory Committee on Safety and Health Protection at Work. It aims to ensure the minimum requirements of safety of workers at risk from explosive atmospheres. These objectives are prosecuted through the evaluation of the explosion risk and of the techniques to minimize the presence of the explosive atmospheres and sparks. Shortly we can say that it is under the directive 89/391/CEE, only that instead of occupying with workplaces in general, regulates specific provisions to follow in places potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres. The directive provides a classification of risk in zones, that refer to the employer and the areas in which can be produced explosive atmospheres and it determines groups and categories of equipments that can be used in each zone. The classification of areas is based on the frequency and the duration of the presence of explosive atmospheres. The directive establishes the minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres. These requirements are explicit through determined obligations that have to be absolved by the employer. In particular, the employer has to evaluate the explosion risks, at the same time taking into consideration:
54
likeliness and duration of the presence of explosive atmospheres likeliness of presence, activation and efficiency of the ignition, including electrical discharge characteristics of the plant, substances that are used, process and their possible interactions entity of predictable events evaluation also of those areas that are not at risk but that are in connection through openings with areas at risk
Moreover the employer in the scope of prevention under the directive 89/391/CEE (ex DLgs 626/94 now DLgs 81/08) has the duty to enforce some principles that are fundamental to prevent the formation of explosive atmospheres, to avoid the ignition of explosive atmospheres and to mitigate the consequences of the explosion in order to guarantee the health and safety of workers. To achieve this aim the employer has to take necessary measures so that in the areas at risk from explosive atmospheres, it is possible to carry out the work in safe conditions and that there is an adequate control to limit the risk during the work. Furthermore, the employer should divide in zones the areas in which may be formed explosive atmospheres and needs to assure that in these zones are guaranteed the minimum safety prescriptions. If necessary, these areas are supposed to be signed that are at explosion risk.
Sign that identifies an area in which an explosive atmosphere can be formed
1.4.2. Directive 94/9/EC The 94/9/EC is a directive of product whose objectives of Essential Safety Requirements (ESR) are related to the construction of electrical and non-electrical equipment in order not to be a source of the sparks in explosive atmospheres, depending on the likelihood of the presence of explosive atmospheres. The principal recipients of the directive are Manufacturer or Importer of the device, anybody that enters in the market of the European Community, a product that is meant to be installed in the explosive atmosphere. The directive 94/9/EC concerns all equipments that are supposed to be installed in places at risk of explosion, both electrical and non-electrical (mechanical) equipments. It is a directive of new approach as it does not furnish specific techniques, but essential safety requirements, in connection with articles of the principal test. In the field of application there are included: equipments: machines, materials, fixed and mobile devices, control devices, instrumentation and systems of detection and prevention that alone or combined are used in the production, transport, storage, measurement, regulation and conversion of energy and transformation of material and that because of the sources of sparks are at risk of explosion; safety systems: safety, control and regulation devices that are meant to be used outside of explosive atmospheres but they are necessary and useful to the safe functioning of devices and protection systems as far as it concerns the explosion risks (barrier Ex i); protection systems: devices that differ from components of the above defined devices, whose function is to block explosions in their source and/or circumscribe the zone in which they occurred; components: essential pieces to the safe functioning of devices and protection systems without autonomous functioning.
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2. TECHNICAL ASPECTS
2.1 Explosion An explosion is a reaction of oxidation. The reaction of oxidation, that can be defined as combustion, provokes the formation of heat that is usually accompanied by visible flame. The combustion is an exothermic redox which means that a compound tarnishes while the other reduces releasing energy and forms new compounds, mostly carbon dioxide and water. For example, in the case of hydrocarbons, carbon tarnishes and oxygen reduces. The principal products of combustion are: high emission of heat (exothermic reaction); high emission of gas at high temperature. The reaction happens only if there are the three following components present (at the same place and at the same time): fuel: substances in the form of gas, vapour, fog or dust; combustive agent: it is an oxidative agent, usually oxygen present in the air; ignition sources: any event (spark, flame, temperature, etc.) that is a source of energy. The fuel and the combustive agent (oxidant) are reagents of the reaction of redox; the ignition source is a source that forms energy that is necessary to initiate the reaction (energy of activation). The necessary presence of fuel, combustive agent and primer at the same time is illustrated by the fire triangle (or combustion triangle). Once the reaction is triggered, it emits heat that is absorbed by the layers of combustible mixture that warm up and react with high velocity. In this way a reaction front is formed, often called flame front, that moves from the combusted mixture to the noncombusted mixture, provoking the ignition of the remaining combustible mixture. The speed with which the flame front moves is the propagation speed of combustion. The phenomenon explosion is verified when the energy released from the combustion and the propagation speed are too much elevated to be absorbed from the environment and in the consequence increases temperature in a short time and at little space that creates a pressure wave which spreads in the environment. Not all of the combustible-combustive mixtures, even if they are triggered, finish with an explosion. The conditions that determine if an atmosphere is explosive are physical/chemical characteristics of the fuel (explosive properties). Moreover, with the term explosive atmosphere it is intended a mixture characterized by: flammable substances in the state of gas, vapour, fog or dusts and fiber with determined properties and in determined concentrations in volume; the air in atmospheric conditions; as consequence of an ignition, the combustion spreads to the mixture that is not burnt. The atmospheric conditions occur when the concentration of oxygen in the air stands for approximately 21% and they include pressure and temperature variations over and under levels of 1 atm and 20C which do not influence much the explosive properties of substances. An atmosphere that is susceptible to transform to an explosive atmosphere as a cause of local and/or operative conditions is called potentially explosive atmosphere. Also the ignition that is necessary to start the explosive reaction has to have determined properties, indeed the energy of ignition, measured in Joule, has to be bigger than a determined value (minimum) threshold that differs for each combustible substance, below which does not originate any reaction.
Fire triangle
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2.2 The areas at risk Many industrial processes require the use of inflammable or combustible substances that are stored, manipulated, transported and in the end utilized inside of the production process. Apart from the explosive substances or chemically instable, for which there is a notable risk, there is a high number of substances that have in certain conditions a characteristic to initiate an explosion. The substances that can originate explosive mixtures are utilized in numerous operations that take part of normal working activities. For example in painting activities, flour milling, charging batteries, storage operations and transport of gas substances, etc. It results natural to consider the explosion risk in chemical and/or petrochemical work environments. Nevertheless, we have to take into account that in many other activities (for example woodworking, mills, distilleries, etc.) the presence of inflammable mixtures is also very probable and it should be evaluated and prevented. Many work activities that involve substances at risk, are integral part of normal activities inside of work environments that we can define as ordinary. In such work environments it is not automatic to think of the explosion risk.
Consequences of an explosion in an area at risk
An extraordinary example is an accident that was registered in the end of 2011. In Shanghai in Pegatron, a subsidiary of a company in Taipei that works for Apple, an explosion occurred with a result of 61 people injured. The cause of the explosion was aluminium powder which is used to polish the cases for iPad. However more serious was an accident that occurred in May 2011 in a plant of Foxconn Technology, the biggest producer working for Apple. The 20th May in Chengdu, in China the explosion of (combustible) aluminium powders caused the death of three workers and 15 others were injured. These episodes should lead us to the conclusion that the risk is high at work places where normally we do not expect the presence of the explosive atmosphere, which is a consequence of our underestimation of the possibility of the formation of explosive mixtures.
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2.3 Explosive atmosphere at presence of gas, vapour and fog There are illustrated some properties of each inflammable substance that can originate an explosive atmosphere in form of gas or vapour mixed with the air. These properties are fundamental for the evaluation of the risk and for the choice of electrical devices (classification of gas). - Limits of inflammability A substance in form of gas, vapour or fog that is mixed with the air, becomes an explosive atmosphere only if the concentration of the same substance in the air is sufficient to make it inflammable. Air-fuel mixtures are inflammable only at limited fuel concentrations in the air that are defined by inferior and superior limits.
Two limits represent the minimum and maximum fuel concentration that allows the spread of flame. The concentration is usually expressed as a volume percentage. To determine the substance explosivity there are two limits defined: LEL (lower explosive level): gas or vapour inflammable concentration in the air, under which the atmosphere is not explosive UEL (upper explosive level): gas or inflammable vapour concentration, over which the atmosphere is not explosive
Graphical representation of inflammability limits
In the table explosive limits of some gases and vapours are quoted; some of these fuels have explosive intervals that are quite narrow; the others have an extended explosivity and can be considered more dangerous, as little emissions form explosive atmosphere. In some cases the superior limit is so high that some substances represent an UEL equal to 100% as their vapours can explode practically with no need of air. Substance LEL% 5 3 2,1 1,8 2,7 2,4 2,5 1,3 1,4 1,2 UEL% 15 12,4 9,5 8,4 37 11 100 7,9 7,8 7,4 Substance LEL% 6,7 3,3 1,7 15 4,7 4,0 2,6 1,9 UEL% 36 19 12 28 100 75 31 10
hydrocarbons Methane Etane Propane Butane Ethylene Propylene Acetylene Benzene Pentane Hexane
alcohols Methyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol Butyl alcohol inorganics Ammonia Hydrazyne Hydrogen ketones Acetone Methyl ketone
Examples of inflammability limits of some gases and vapours (atmospheric conditions)
- Flash point When the explosive atmosphere is generated by combustible liquids, for example inflammable liquid in an open container, the characteristics of the combustible that expresses inflammable properties and of capacity to form explosive atmospheres, is the temperature of inflammability.
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The flash point is the lowest temperature at which at pressure of 760 mmHG vapours are formed in such amount that in the presence of oxygen and of the ignition the phenomenon of combustion does occur. Here below there are some examples of inflammable liquid substances and the relative flash point. Substance Tinf [C] -20 +55 -11 +12 Substance Tinf [C] -45 -17 -4 -20
Petroleum Gas oil Benzene Ethyl alcohol
Ethylic ether Acetone Ethyl acetate cyclohexane
Examples of inflammability temperatures of some substances
The flash point is an important property to ensure safety against explosions, as it is the basic parameter to evaluate if an inflammable liquid substance can form explosive atmosphere in a determined work environment with the proper environmental temperature in which it is stored, managed, transported or produced. - The minimum energy of ignition To trigger the explosive atmosphere it is necessary to form quantity of energy called energy of ignition. This one changes according to the concentration of the combustible and tends to a minimum when it approaches the stoichiometric concentration, called the minimum energy of ignition. The minimum energy of ignition is a specific characteristic of each substance. Therefore in literature there are described curves of ignition for each inflammable substance. The energy of ignition increases notably with concentrations that correspond to inferior and superior limits of inflammability.
LEL % LEL % 1,0 Energia fi innesco(mJ) (mJ) ( Ignition energy UEL % UEL %
hydrogen IDROGENO
PROPANE PROPANO
Energia minima di energy innesco Minimum ignition 0,1
Energia minima di energy innesco Minimum ignition 0,01 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Concentration involume volume (%) Concentrazione in (%)
Ignition curves of hydrogen propane
The graph illustrates the minimum energy of ignition of hydrogen that is considerably inferior: which means that there is required less energy to trigger the explosive atmosphere of hydrogen compared with the explosive atmosphere of propane. - The temperature of ignition (autoignition) The temperature of autoignition is the lowest temperature at which the combustible-combustive mixture needs to be brought, so it ignites itself automatically.
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The temperature of ignition of a substance is not correlated to the minimum energy of ignition, therefore it is considered as a specific quantity of the substance. For this reason, to classify gases and vapours both parameters are utilized. Moreover, the temperature of ignition is one of parameters of fundamental inflammable substances for the choice of the electrical construction. Since the determination of the temperature of ignition is strongly influenced by conditions in which it is obtained, in technical literature there are tables containing temperatures of ignition with an elevated margin of safety. However, in the case of different values of the same substance it is good to choose the lowest one. 2.4 Explosive atmosphere at presence of dusts When an explosive phenomenon is taken into consideration, it is natural to think of the ignition of explosive atmospheres air-gas/inflammable vapours. However it is less intuitive to think that an explosion can be generated by combustible dusts, even if at many work places they are manipulated, maintained and are present. The first explosion caused by dusts which is documented occurred in 1785 in Turin in a mill producing flour. For many years had been spread belief that the explosions of dusts would occur just at presence of gas, as well as the explosions in carbon mines where the accident happened at presence of mine gas. In 1845 Faraday demonstrated as the first that carbon dust could trigger and explode even in absence of gas. Therefore there were needed numerous explosive accidents, also with cases of death, to understand the phenomenon of explosion of combustible dusts apparently non dangerous, such as farming dusts. The idea that dust could explode becomes even less intuitive if it derives from production of materials that at the same solid state are not inflammable. For example in the case of aluminium production, obtained fine powders in some conditions of granulometry and in certain concentration in the air, may generate the explosion. Generally a dust is a group of solid particles that are present in the atmosphere and tend to stratify for the proper mass. However they can remain suspended in the air for a certain period. A dust becomes combustible when it is able to react with oxygen in the atmosphere (the particles tarnish), to burn in layers (becoming incandescent) and to form explosive mixtures with the air. In general this happens with dusts with granulometry < 0,5 mm. The risk of explosion increases with diminution of dimension of dust particles. The risk correlated to the combustible dust can occur due to: 1. Formation of dust clouds The suspended dust in the air forms a cloud of combustible (dust) and combustive agent (the air) in which the good mixture and small dimensions of particles (inferior granulometry from 0,5 mm) favour the oxidation which evolves at the speed enough elevated to cause the explosion. The dust cloud generates the risk of explosion. In general the formation of the dust cloud occurs in consequence of an operation of the production cycle (emptying sacks, loading of the system of containment, working machine tool, etc.). Therefore, a dust cloud can be formed with the raising of a layer of dust firstly deposited. 2. Formation of a layer of dust When the dust deposits at surface, accumulates and if it is not removed, it forms a thick layer (from few mm up to dozens mm) that depends on the frequency of cleaning (removal of the layer). The combustible dust layer generate the following risks: 1. It can raise in a cloud because of the wind or in the worst case as an effect of a previous explosion. In the last case the wave of pressure of the explosion originated from a cloud, rises the layer that forms a new cloud which being immersed in the high-temperature combustion, triggers immediately generating an explosion with the power that is superior to the previous one (dominoes effect of the dust explosion). 2. A dust layer that settles at the surface of electrical components and is not removed frequently, worsen their cooling with an increase of temperature of surface and the risk of ignition of the dust layer for its slow combustion (risk of fire).
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In general, the explosion of dusts occurs if the following factors are present: - dusts are combustible; - dusts are spread in the air (cloud); - the granulometry is right to spread the flame; - the dusts concentration in the air is in the area of explosibility; - the combustive agent has sufficient energy. The fire triangle should be modified when it regards dusts and it is called explosion pentagon:
IGNITION SORGENTESOURCE DI INNESCO LIMITED AMBIENTE CONFINATO ENVIRONMENT (NUBE DI POLVERE (LIMITED DUST CONFINATA) CLOUD)
PARTICLES DISPERSIONE DI DISPERSION IN PARTICELLE IN ARIA THE AIR (CLOUD (FORMAZIONE DI NUBE) FORMATION)
POLVERE OXYGEN COMBUSTIBILE IN AIR
OSSIGENO OXYGEN IN AIR ARIA IN
Pentagon explosion of combustible dusts
As follows there are quoted some physic-chemical properties of combustible dusts that are fundamental for the risk evaluation and for the choice of the electrical devices (dusts classification). - Combustibility The dust combustibility is an attitude to burn in the layer. It is determined through laboratory tests in which the dust layer of big dimensions gets triggered through a filament of 1000C. In this way it is observed the capacity of ignition or combustion spread in the layer and it is evaluated in the basis on are defined the combustibility groups. Moreover, the test is utilized to determine the Temperature of ignition in layer. Combustibility class BZ BZ BZ BZ BZ BZ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Evaluation
Does not catch fire (incombustible) Takes fire for a short time and then puts out rapidly Becomes incandescent (burns) locally without spreading Becomes incandescent (burns) and spreads Produces vivid fire that spreads Produces very rapid combustion
Combustibility classes for dusts
- Explosibility The dust explosibility is its capacity to explode in a cloud, which is verified through laboratory tests. An air-dust mixture in a cloud is triggered inside of a closed container and there are two measured variables that represent the explosion violence of a cloud in a confined space: the maximum overpressure of the explosion (pemax) and the maximum velocity of the growth of pressure (dp/dt)max. In general dusts are explosive if it is possible to register pressure of explosion superior to the value 666 Pa (0,0066 bar), beyond which there are verified harms to human, animals and objects. It is possible to associate to each dust a grade of explosibility: in function of the maximum velocity of pressure growth (dp/dt)max, it is determined a constant defined as an explosion index Kst. Depending on the value of Kst of the dust it is attributed an Explosion group St.
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Explosion group of dust in air

St 0 St 1 St 2 St 3
Kst [bar m s-1]

0 >0 up to 200 >200 up to 300 >300 Moderate explosion Strong explosion Critical explosion
Eevaluation
Weak explosion without perception of the flame propagation
Explosion group of air-dust mixture in a cloud
For the purpose of an analysis of the explosion risk it appears evident that if at a workplace or in a process/plant dust classes St 1, 2 and 3 are present, it is required to evaluate the probability of the formation of air-dusts atmospheres in clouds and according to the result the area needs to be classified in relation to the expected electrical installation. Dust classes St 0 can be considered as non-explosive after further laboratory tests. - The explosion limits: inferior (LEL) and superior (UEL) Also for dusts it exists an area of concentrations mixed with the air in which if they get triggered with sufficient energy an explosive reaction occurs. The limited concentrations are defined, just for gases, Inferior explosion limit (LEL) and Superior explosion limit (UEL). The explosion limits of dusts are expressed in terms of mass of dust for unit of volume of air, generally in g/m3. The guide CEI 31-56 considers that if the dust concentration in the air does not exceed 10 g/m3 in normal atmospheric conditions it is certain that the LEL is not reached (CEI Guide 31-56, art. 4.2.2). This value can be compared with the dust concentrations eventually present in a plant/workplace to understand if it is needed to deepen the evaluation of risk of the formation of explosive atmosphere or it is better to exclude such risk. - The ignition temperature of the cloud or the layer At the level of the explosion risk there are two important ignition temperatures that are expressed in C: Minimum ignition temperature of the cloud Tcl that is called ignition temperature IT. Minimum ignition temperature of the layer of dust (or of slow combustion): it is a minimum ignition temperature of a hot surface in which the ignition of a layer of accumulated dust does occur. In general, in technical literature layers 5-mm thick are taken as a reference point, therefore in tables demonstrating dust properties that are commonly present in the industry, it is usually indicated the minimum ignition temperature of the layer such as T5 mm. It is called glowing temperature GT. Both ignition temperatures of dusts are fundamental to define the maximum temperature that the surface of the electrical equipment can reach without triggering fire or explosion. The minimum ignition temperatures of cloud or layer are the basis of choice criteria of electrical equipments in the presence of combustible dust. - The minimum ignition energy Each combustible dust, just as inflammable gases and vapours, requires a minimum energy to start and sustain the air-dust combustion process in concentrations in the explosive area. The minimum ignition energy (M.I.E.), expressed in mJ, depends on dust properties, such as: chemical nature; granulometry: the minimum ignition energy is smaller when the percentage of particles exceed 5 m in the granulometric dust distribution. The minimum ignition energy of dusts is generally in the order of a few dozens of mJ. - The electrical resistivity Dusts are formed in the process of separation of particles from solid compacted materials or as an effect of operations of the process, as for example milling. The solid material (from which these dusts are produced) may have (but not always does) the characteristics of electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of a solid substance that consists of dust has an influence on dielectric characteristics of the air and/or of the surfaces on which the dust is accumulated. The presence of conducible dust particles on the surface or inside of the electrical cases, can cause tracking problems, superficial discharges, formation of an electrical arch between parts under tension, when the presence of conducting particles diminish the electrical path that is normally necessary to guarantee the dielectric properties of the air (reduction of distances of isolation in the air).
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Dust is considered as a conductor when its resistivity is inferior or equal to 103 m (which is determined in the laboratory). 2.5 Sources of ignition Among many different sources of ignition that can be taken into consideration, electrical devices in their normal functioning are able to develop energies definitely superior to the minimum ignition energy. It should be also considered that the most electrical devices are enclosed in cases both to protect it against external environmental agents (mechanical stimulus, solid and liquid penetrations, etc.), and to protect people from direct contacts with parts under voltage. The case becomes an interface between the device under voltage and the explosive atmosphere: some characteristics, such as temperature of the case during the functioning of the device, or the kind of material of which it is made, are fundamental to choose the electrical device. 2.5.1 Electric arc When electrical equipment is operating, both in terms of normal functioning and of fault mode or failure, there may be an unwanted electric arc. In such case the electric equipment is considered as sparking. The electric arc can be triggered by: overvoltages (induced by manoeuvres or atmospheric discharges); wire that melts (the air ionizes and there is a conduction path); superficial pollution and insulation failure (tracking); functional arc (fuses, switches); short-circuit that leads to formation of arc. The necessary energy to provoke an ignition of an explosive mixture in the case of gas is in the order J and, in the case of combustible dusts, in the order mJ. The cases described above provoke energies of dimensions definitely superior. 2.5.2 Supercial temperature of equipment One of the consequences of the passage of electric current in a circuit is temperature rise. The Joule effect in the electrical equipment is caused by: passage of nominal current (normal functioning); overvoltages (short-circuit, overcharge); current flows into the earth (ground fault current) localized resistance (bad contact); fault in the electrical equipment. Even if equipment is protected by a case, some part of the heat is transferred to the case which assumes temperature that is stabilized in normal functioning and thermal conditions. An uncontrolled temperature increase becomes a cause of ignition of explosive atmosphere when the value of temperature surpasses ignition temperature of the explosive mixture. 2.5.3 Electrostatic discharge In the construction of electrical devices to isolate the parts of electrical components under voltage plastic resins are utilized, while for enclosures that contain components both plastic resins and brass alloys are utilized. The material which are realized the enclosures of electrical equipment with, is of a great importance for the risk of charge accumulation and the relative electrostatic discharge that can provoke the explosion. When the material, on which electrostatic charge has accumulated, comes to a contact with elements with different energy (people, components of the plant, elements in movement, etc.), it develops electrical sparkle discharge. When this phenomenon occurs, a certain quantity of energy gets released, which can trigger explosive atmosphere. It is observed that static electricity accumulated by a person can reach 135 mJ, value that is superior to the most of minimum ignition energies of explosive atmospheres air-gas/vapour and air-dust.
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In normal operations conducted in an industrial plant, there are many situations in which electrostatic charge can be accumulated, for example: during cleaning operations of cisterns which normally contain inflammable liquids, through the use of water or vapour at high pressure, it can be verified charge accumulation that may lead to ignition of vapours that are still present inside of the containers. For this reason during cleaning operations containers are filled with inert gas; in the sandblast process of metals a lot of charge is accumulated due to the movement velocity of sand grains; charge or discharge of a cistern containing inflammable liquid, just as in operations of charge and discharge of metal silos containing combustible dusts. In such cases cisterns and metal silos are generally utilized in such a way as to render equal the cisterns/silos system with the charge/discharge system, connecting both systems to ground; movement of liquids or dusts, inside transport systems, with velocity superior to 1 m/s generate the electrostatic charge accumulation (e.g. pneumatic transport of dusts).
Examples of charge separation that can initiate electrostatic discharge
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2.5.4 Other possible forms of ignition Moreover, there exist other possible sources of ignition, such as: Sparks of mechanical origin: frictions, shocks or abrasions that can take place in some industrial processes, such as grinding process, can lead to creation of particles that are divided from solid materials and become very hot as the cause of the energy used in the separation process. These sparks can trigger an explosion of gases, vapours or combustible dusts that are present in the air. Lightning: if a lightning strikes an explosive atmosphere always generates a trigger. High current flow can generate a spark even if the impact point is nearby. Even without the presence of lightnings, thunderstorms may create high induced tensions in electrical devices. Radiofrequency electromagnetic waves: are emitted by all systems that generate and use electric energy with radiofrequency, for example radiofrequency generators for the medical use or industrial RF generators used in heating, drying, quenching, welding processes. If the generated field has sufficient force and conductive parts of the system are broad enough, these conductive parts can generate a trigger. This force generated by radiofrequencies can cause melting of a wire of small dimensions or generate an arc between contacts of interrupted parts of equipment. Ionizating radiations: are radiations that have sufficient force to ionize atoms present in the air with which are in contact and create phenomena of chemical decomposition with generation of unstable compounds. Ultrasounds: in the use of ultrasounds, a big part of transmitted energy by electroacoustic transducer get absorbed by liquid or solid substances present in the environment. As a consequence, substances that are exposed to ultrasounds can be overheated so much to become a source of ignition. Adiabatic compression and shock waves: in the case of adiabatic compression or shocks there can be created temperatures high enough to cause an ignition of an explosive atmosphere. 2.6 Evaluation of probabilities of presence of explosive atmosphere Each point of the plant from which an inflammable substance can be emitted and mix with the air in standard environmental conditions, is defined as ignition source. A particular ignition source of explosive atmosphere is the presence of dust deposited in a layer which can be disturbed and raised in a cloud. In the evaluation of probabilities of the explosive atmosphere formation there should be taken into consideration emissions into atmosphere of substances both in normal functioning of the plant and in the case of a predictable breakdown. The first step to perform a correct evaluation of the probability of presence of explosive atmosphere, is to identify the emission risk of inflammable substances in the air in normal environmental conditions. Methods that are used to value the presence of explosive atmosphere are based on the interaction of factors that influence the inflammability of air-fuel mixtures. In practice, through mathematic models explosive properties of substances are put in relation with characteristics: - of environments in which are emitted in terms of temperature, pressure, ventilation (efficiency and availability), velocity of the air, etc.; - of operational conditions that involve an inflammable substance in terms of temperature of emitted substance, pressure of emission, modality of emission, time of emission, etc. Methods varies on the basis of national directives: for example in the North America plants in zones at risk are regulated by different standards, such as NEC (National Electrical Code), CEC (Canadian Electrical Code), NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association). Places at risk are divided in three classes on the basis of present substances and the zones at risk in two zones (Division 1 hazardous concentrations that are consistently present; Division 2 no hazardous concentration of combustibles during continuous operation). In Italy the method is defined as IEC zone system and is based on determination of the probability of formation and persistence in environments (duration). The result of the method IEC zone system is the division of the place in zones at risk with growing dangerousness in terms of the probability of presence and persistency of explosive atmosphere. Standards that establish rules for the electrical plants in places at explosion risk, from 2007 correspond to unique numeration: the series IEC 60079, both for explosive atmospheres that are formed for the presence of gas, vapours or clouds and for explosive atmospheres that are formed for the presence of combustible dusts.
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PROBABILITY EVALUATION OF PRESENCE OF EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES: SOURCES OF EMISSION (IEC/EN 60079-10 PARTS 1 AND 2)
USE, MANIPULATION, PRODUCTION, STORING COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCE
CONTAINMENT SYSTEM Enclosures, tube, plants, etc.
POINTS wHERE SUBSTANCE CAN BE EMITTED AS: VAPOUR/MIST DUST ENVIROMENTAL CONDITION AT THE EMISSION (Temperature, Pression)
SOURCE OF EMISSION (S.E.)
A S.E. IS DEFINED ACCORDING TO ITS FREqUENCY wITH wHICH IT CAN EMIT THE COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCE (LIKELYHOOD OF THE PRESENCE OF EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE)
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a point or some part of the plant from which gas or combustible dust can be emitted into the air in such a way to form EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE
CONCENTRATION GAS/DUST LEL
2.7 Classication of gases and dusts The connection between characteristics of explosive atmosphere, formed by gases or dusts, and characteristics that the electric construction needs to have not to cause explosion, is represented by the division of gases and dusts into groups. The division in groups of the series of IEC/EN 60079 standards is the following: Group I II Place
III Explosive atmospheres for the presence of combustible dusts As follows, the groups II and III are divided on the basis of the dangerousness of gases and dusts: Group II Division IIA IIB IIC IIIA IIIB IIIC Example
Explosive atmospheres for the presence of gases, vapours or mists different from grisou
Mines with the presence of mine (grisou) gas
III
Methane, Propane Ethylene Acetylene, Hydrogen Combustible particles Non-conductive dust Conductive dust
The letter A represents little risk, while the letter C stands for the major one. The dangerousness is determined on the basis of characteristics of gases and dusts described in the following paragraphs. The 10th part of this series of standards is dedicated to the process of making the classification.
IEC/EN standards Year IEC/EN Subject Class. CEI IEC/EN standards replaced
60079-10-1 60079-10-2
2008/09 2008/09
Classification of Gases Classification of Dusts
31-87 31-88
60079-10 (CEI 31-30) 61241-10 (CEI 31-66)
Italian Electrotechnical Committee (CEI Comitato Eletrotecnico Italiano) has published some guidelines that are an effective tool of classification.
CEI guide Year Subject
reference standards
IEC/EN
Notes
31-35 31-35/A 31-35/A variant V1
2012 2007
Classification of Gases Classification of Gases examples of application
60079-10-1 (CEI 31-87) 60079-10 (CEI 31-30)
Replaces: 31-35 from 2007 31-35 variant V1 from 2009
Non in force anymore. In preparation new examples in accordance with CEI 31-35 del 2012.
31-56
2007
Classification of Dusts
61241-10 (CEI 31-66)
In force till the new guide in accordance with 60079-10-2, expected for September 2012 (in preparation, the document is under public enquire [Draft C. 1104:2012-07 Termination 28-08-2012]).
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HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION: IEC ZONE SYSTEM

GASES (IEC/EN 60079-10-1) Classification in zones with explosion danger in the presence of gases, vapours and inflammable mists ZONE 0 ZONE 1 ZONE 2 A place in which an explosive atmosphere consisting of a mixture with air of flammable substances in the form of gas, vapours or mist is present continuously or for long periods or frequently (>1000 hours/year). A place in which an explosive atmosphere consisting of a mixture with air or flammable substances in the form of gas, vapours or mist is likely to occur in normal operation occasionally (10-1000 hours/year). A place in which an explosive atmosphere consisting of a mixture with air of flammable substances in the form of gas, vapours or mist is not likely to occur in normal operation but, if it does occur, will persist for a short period only (<10 hours/year).
EXAMPLE OF CLASSIFICATION OF AN ENCLOSURE CONTAINING INFLAMMABILE GAS

Zone 1 Zone 0
DUSTS (IEC/EN 60079-10-2) Classification in zones with explosion danger in the presence of combustible dust ZONE 20 ZONE 21 ZONE 22 A place in which an explosive atmosphere in the form of a cloud of combustible dust in air is present continuously, or for long periods or frequently (>1000 hours/year). A place in which an explosive atmosphere in the form of a cloud of combustible dust in air is likely to occur in normal operation occasionally (10-1000 hours/year). A place in which an explosive atmosphere in the form of a cloud of combustible dust in air is not likely to occur in normal operation but, if it does occur, will persist for a short period only (<10 hours/year).
EXAMPLE OF CLASSIFICATION OF PLACES wHERE DUSTS ARE COLLECTED

Zone 20 Zone 22
IEC/EN STANDARDS REFERRED TO EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES (CLASSIFICATION EXECUTION PLANTS TESTING REPAIRS) 60079-10-1 60079-10-1 60079-14 60079-17 60079-19 Classification of places. Explosive atmospheres in the presence of gases. Classification of places. Explosive atmospheres in the presence of combustible dusts. Design, choice and installation of electrical devices. Verification and maintenance of electrical devices. Repair, revision and restoration of devices.
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2.8 Level of safety for electrical equipment installed in explosive atmosphere There should be taken adequate measures to avoid the presence of electric primer in the explosive atmosphere in a particular zone. The level of safety for equipment is its capacity to prevent the primer in certain conditions of functioning. Equipment in the presence of explosive atmosphere should not: provoke sparks or electric arc; develop dangerous superficial temperatures; be manufactured with materials that favor accumulation of electrostatic charge. This capacity is evaluated in conditions that constructor predicts and declares, that is: in normal functioning; in presence of the first fault (that is predictable); in presence of the second fault (which is rare), with the origin independent of causes that originated the first fault. With the passing of time equipment should maintain properties that ensure protection level, which means that the equipment should be resistant to environmental stresses that can compromise technical solutions by which the protection is realized (for example an enclosure at a determined IP protection degree against dust entry needs to be resistant to shocks in such a way as not to get damaged during functioning of device). To guarantee appropriate safety degree for the equipment, the electrical construction intended to be installed in hazardous area needs to be on different safety level according to the zone dangerousness degree. For this reason there are specified product categories:
GROUP I (equipment intended for use in mines with gas grisou) Category M1 M2 Safety level - Category - Elevated Conditions of functioning Powered in presence of explosive atmosphere Not powered in presence of explosive atmosphere
GROUP II (equipment intended for use in explosive atmosphere in surface industries) Category 1 2 3 Safety level - Very high - Very high - Normal Presence and duration of dangerous atmosphere Always present, often or for long periods Probable Little probable
Groups and categories of the equipments according to ATEX 94/9/EC
gas
0 1 2
ZONE
dusts
20 21 22
To the category the letter G is added, if the explosive atmosphere is due to presence of gas, or the letter D, if the explosive atmosphere is due to presence of dust, GD if equipment is appropriate in presence of both gas and dust.
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2.9 Electrical constructions Ex (IEC/EN 60079) The directives IEC/EN 60079 divide the series into parts. The part 0 refers to general requirements for all devices, while all the following parts (starting from the part 1) outline requirements for each specific way of protection. The conformity of equipment with construction requirements and with acceptance criteria of laboratory tests, of a specific standard, implies that equipment should be produced in a specific way of protection and therefore it should not be able to trigger explosive atmosphere during its normal functioning, in conditions of first fault and/or in conditions of rare fault, according to the explosion-proof level (EPL).
IEC/EN 60079-0
General Requirements (gas+dust)
IEC/EN 60079-1 IEC/EN 60079-2 IEC/EN 60079-5 IEC/EN 60079-6 IEC/EN 60079-7 IEC/EN 60079-11 IEC/EN 60079-15 IEC/EN 60079-18 IEC/EN 60079-31
Method of protection Ex d Method of protection Ex p (gas+dust) Method of protection Ex q Method of protection Ex o Method of protection Ex e Method of protection Ex i (gas+dust) Method of protection Ex n Method of protection Ex m (gas+dust) Method of protection Ex t (dust)
ELECTRICAL EqUIPMENT
IEC/EN 60079 Explosive atmospheres
IEC/EN 60079-10-1 IEC/EN 60079-10-2
Classification of gas zones Classification of dust zones Electrical plants (gas +dust) Verifications and maintenance Repairs of devices (gas+dust)
PLANTS
IEC/EN 60079-14 IEC/EN 60079-17 IEC/EN 60079-19
Reference standards for protection (IEC/EN 60079)
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2.9.1 Directive IEC/EN 60079: General Requirements The Directive EN 60079 regulates general rules and restrictions that need to be applied to each electrical equipment intended for installation in explosive atmospheres. According to this regulation devices are divided into groups that refer to the type of explosive atmosphere, that is in Group I, Group II and Group III, in accordance with the classification of gases and dusts. The directive states that it is intended to do an evaluation of equipment that during normal operation could ignite an explosive atmosphere: superficial temperatures, electric arc, electrostatic discharges, etc. For this scope type tests are set and need to be done to verify the conformity with the directive itself. For equipment that guarantees the protection against ignition also in fault conditions, the type tests are executed by a third-party laboratory that will attest conformity and release a type test attestation. The directive EN 60079 applies to specific requirements of protection and it refers to specific prescriptions. If a regulation of a specific form of protection sets prescriptions that differ from the ones described in the general directive, there should be applied the prescriptions that have validity of equipment conformity with the specific form of protection.
DIVISION INTO GROUPS IN RELATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT WHERE THEY ARE INTENDED TO BE INSTALLED GROUPS OF EQUIPMENT I Intended for use in mines with the possible presence of grisou. Intended for use in surfaces with the possible presence of Gas. This Group is divided into: Propane, Methane, Benzene, etc. Ethylene Hydrogen, Acetylene
GASES
DIVISION IN RELATION TO THE MAXIMUM SUPERFICIAL TEMPERATURE GROUP II Equipment temperature class T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 Ignition temperature of gas > 450 C > 300 C > 200 C > 135 C > 100 C > 85 C Maximum permissible superficial temperature 440 C 290 C 195 C 130 C 95 C 80 C EQUIPMENT PROTECTION LEVEL Equipment Protection Level (Epl) Equipment does not ignite in operating conditions: Normal 1st fault Rare fault Normal 1st fault Normal
Zone
II
Ga
IIA IIB IIC
Gb
Gc
DIVISION INTO GROUPS IN RELATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT WHERE THEY ARE INTENDED TO BE INSTALLED GROUPS OF EQUIPMENT III Intended for use in plants with presence of combustible dust Combustible particles (fibers) Non-conductive dust Conductive dust
DUSTS
MAXIMUM SUPERFICIAL TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM SUPERFICIAL TEMPERATURE Maximum superficial temperature without any level of dust Maximum superficial temperature determined by a thickness of dust level TL in mm, that is present on all parts of the construction Example T 95 C EQUIPMENT PROTECTION LEVEL Equipment Protection Level (Epl) Da Db Dc Equipment does not ignite in operating conditions: Normal 1st fault Rare fault Normal 1st fault Normal
Zone
IIIA IIIB IIIC
Example T500 150 C
20 21 22
The equipment in explosive atmosphere concerning dusts is not classified in relation to the temperature.
Classification of equipment according to IEC/EN 60079-0
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2.9.2 Methods of protection The safety level of an electrical construction Ex is reached by creating it in such a way as to ensure a way of protection against the contact between an arc, spark or high superficial temperature and explosive atmosphere. There are different types of protection according to the way of ignition of explosive atmosphere and conditions in which it occurs: in normal functioning conditions, predictable fault conditions, rare fault conditions. Types of protection are methods of equipment construction in order to minimize the ignition risk in relation to: - type of explosive atmosphere; - type of equipment (if it has parts in movement, if it is an electrical equipment, command equipment, etc.); - thermic properties; - material selection (especially when not metallic) on which the protection depends; - what is the equipment part on which the protection depends (enclosure, inside components, etc.) and the method used for protection (energy limitation, preventing contact between ignition and atmosphere, etc.); - safety level that is expected to be achieved. Methods of protection can be divided into 3 groups taking into account basic criteria according to which the ignition occurs: explosion containment; prevention; segregation. Each specific method is marked with letters (for example for gases, d, e, m, I, p, n, etc.). The prefix Ex before the letter regarding particular method of protection (EX d, EX e, etc.) indicates the conformity with norms IEC/ EN 60079. The lower-case letters a, b, c, following the lower-case letter indicating the method of protection, concern the equipment protection level (EPL). For example Ex ia indicates the intrinsic safety protection method, with the EPL a. Explosion containment methods The explosion containment is the only methodology that allows the explosion to occur but confines it to a well-defined area and it cannot spread to the surrounding atmosphere. It is executed by segregation of parts able to create a potential ignition risk inside of an enclosure, in such a way as to contain the explosion inside of the enclosure itself. When the explosion occurs, its products (flames and cold gasses) cannot spread to the surrounding atmosphere. Example protection method d (explosion-proof enclosures Exd). Prevention methods They are applied by taking measures to increase reliability of electrical components in such a way as to avoid the creation of hot hazardous spots, arcs and sparkles. This technique is implemented both by eliminating possibilities of faults, and by limiting energy so it cannot provoke ignition. In the second case the confrontation with the minimum ignition energy of flammable substance that generates hazardous zone is fundamental. Examples protection method e (increased safety Ex e); protection method I (intrinsic safety Ex I). Segregation methods To avoid contacts between hot spots and potentially explosive atmosphere technical solutions are adopted, such as interposition of solid, liquid or gas bodies, in such a way as not to let the contact with the ignition source. In explosive atmospheres due to presence of dust, the segregation is obtained through the limitation of dust ingress into the enclosure (dust protected IP5X or dust tight IP6X). Examples encapsulation protection method m (encapsulation in resin Ex m); oil-immersion protection method o (Ex o); pressurization protection method p (Ex p), protection by enclosures tb.
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METHODS OF PROTECTION - EPL - HAZARDOUS AREAS (IEC/EN60079) GASES

SYMBOL ia ma METHOD OF PROTECTION Intrinsic safety Encapsulation EPL Ga ZONE 0
SYMBOL d p, px, pz q o e ib mb
METHOD OF PROTECTION Devices protected by enclosures Pressurization Powder filling Oil immersion Increased safety Intrinsic safety Encapsulation
EPL
ZONE
Gb
SYMBOL pz ic nA nC nR mc
METHOD OF PROTECTION Pressurization Increased safety Flameproof devices Flammable devices in normal operation Restricted breathing enclosure Encapsulation
EPL
ZONE
Gc
DUSTS
SYMBOL ia ma ta METHOD OF PROTECTION Increased safety Encapsulation Protection by enclosure Da 20 EPL ZONE
SYMBOL ib mb tb pD
METHOD OF PROTECTION Increased safety Encapsulation Protection by enclosure pD type of protection
EPL Db
ZONE 21
SYMBOL ic mc tc pD
METHOD OF PROTECTION Increased safety Encapsulation Protection by enclosure pD type of protection
EPL Dc
ZONE 22
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GASES Graphic example
FLAMEPROOF ENCLOSURES d Main characteristics
Ex d
Explosive atmosphere Atmosfera esplosiva
I INTERSTICE INTERSTIZIO i DEL GIUNTO OF JOINTS
- protection by enclosure, equipment and components inside of the enclosure can be the standard ones (both sparking and non-sparking ones); - gas can enter the enclosure, if the explosive atmosphere is ignited: the enclosure resists pressure without damaging; joints of the enclosure are designed in such a way that the crossing flame cools down and when it goes outside it is not able to ignite the atmosphere. Materials Metallic enclosures to guarantee pressure resistance (e.g. aluminium, steel, cast-iron alloys). For the transparent parts, tempered borosilicate glass. In practice use of plastic materials in Ex d constructions is limited to small devices and/or components. Applications Principal low-voltage devices, such as light fixtures, distribution boards, switches, control and signalling devices, transformers, low and medium voltage motors.
Joint
LUNGHEZZA L L LENGTH DELTHE GIUNTO OF JOINT
GASES
Graphic example
INCREASED SAFETY e
Main characteristics
Ex e
- it is applied to electrical constructions that produce arcs, sparks or hazardous temperatures in normal operation (non-priming electrical devices); - in order to increase safety, additional measures should be taken against arcs, sparks or excessive temperatures; - devices with nominal voltage up to 11 kV in AC and CC; - it is an appropriate way of protection for any gas; - temperature class of the construction is defined by the maximum temperature reached by a part of equipment, therefore also of the inner components under voltage; - it is required to maintain the minimum IP protection degree of enclosure to avoid the penetration of solids or water that could decrease isolation distances. Materials Enclosures generally made of plastic material with gaskets to guarantee IP protection degree. The material is tested in terms of thermic and mechanical resistance. There are also metallic enclosures, in particular when the Ex e type of protection matches with other types, for example Ex e terminal blocks of Ex d devices. Applications - connection devices: terminal blocks and terminals of devices; - windings: electromagnets and coils; rotating electrical machines (motors with rotor cages); lighting devices; portable lamps and helmet lights; measurement devices and transformers (except those with moving coil); transformers different from measurement transformers; batteries; junction boxes; resistance heating devices (different from heating cables).
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GASES and DUSTS Graphic example
INTRINSIC SAFETY i Main characteristics
Ex i
Ex i Rc Lc
Explosive atmosphere
Vo, Io Lo Co
Cc
ELECTRICAL COSTRUZIONE CONSTRUCTION ELETTRICA ASSOCIATA (SAFETY (Barriera diBARRIER) protezione)
Cavi di collegamento CONNECTION CABLES
COSTRUZIONE A SICUREZZA CONSTRUCTION INTRINSECASAFE INTRINSICALLY (O apparecchiatura (OR SIMPLE EqUIPMENT) semplice)
- it is based on the limitation of energy that electric circuit can release when it is in explosive atmosphere; - energy of circuit is maintained at low level not to cause the ignition as a thermic effect or sparks; - devices designed for the specific group of gases; - safety degree is ensured by the system composed of: fail-safe electric construction in a hazardous zone; electrical safety barrier that supplies electric power to the first one with electrical parameters to limit the energy. It can be in or out of hazardous zone; connection cable, usually bipolar (or multipolar); - electrical safety barrier, when it is in hazardous zone it should be appropriate to the classified zone; - classification according to the levels of protection: SYMBOL ia ib ic ZONE 0 - 20 1 - 21 2 - 22
Uo Ui Io Ii Cc = Co Ci Lc = Lo Li
Applications The limitation of electrical parameters excludes the application to power equipment, therefore in the most cases it is applied to measurement and control devices and to regulation of production processes, control, telecommunication, command, signalling circuits, sensors, transducers, electrical components, etc. Ex m
Graphic example
GASES and DUSTS
ENCAPSULATION m
Main characteristics
RESINA Resin
- equipment pieces that could produce sparks or high temperatures, are closed in the compound in such a way that the explosive atmosphere cannot be ignited; - encapsulated devices can be the standard ones; - device is resistant to environmental conditions in which it operates and is tested to verify the maintenance of its properties in time; - servicing and repairs are not possible and for this reason if any little failure occurs it is needed to replace the device; - classification according the levels of protection: SYMBOL ma mb mc ZONE 0 - 20 1 - 21 2 - 22
Materials It can be any thermosetting, thermoplastic or epoxy resin, or elastomeric materials, with or without fillers and/or additives in their solid state. Applications The type of protection m is usually applied to electrical components, such as: fuses, capacitors, proximity switches, level sensors, accumulators, etc.
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It is the only way of protection developed non to ignite explosive atmosphere only in normal operation. Electrical devices Ex n guarantee the protection level Gc and are adequate in the Zone 2. nA Electrical devices and non-sparking components nC Electrical devices and sparking components nR Electrical devices protected by restricted breathing enclosures
GASES
METHOD OF PROTECTION n
Ex n
Ex n Protection provided by enclosures RESTRICTED BREATHING nR

Atmosfera esplosiva
Protection ensured by components inside of the enclosure NON SPARKING EQUIPMENT nA

ONLY for NON-sparking components: rotating machines fuses lighting devices connection and junction boxes terminals it should be protected by at least IP54 enclosures for elements exposed to voltage (not to invalidate distances of isolation with ingress of foreign bodies and water); required for materials, distances, isolation and temperatures (maximum superficial temperatures of components inside of the enclosure); ingress of gases is not prevented.
t1 t2
- for sparking and non-sparking components; - limited in the power dissipation (limited T), in such a way that the created depression (once it is de-energized) delays the ingress of explosive atmosphere for limited time that is indicated in the directive (compatible with the definition of zone 2); - it requires tests to verify its functioning; - it is generally realized with gaskets, requires accurate maintenance and controls.
SUITABLE FOR ALL GASES FROM THE GROUP II (IIA, IIB, IIC) SUITABLE FOR ALL GASES FROM THE GROUP II (IIA, IIB, IIC)
HERMETICALLY SEALED nC
- for sparking components; - sealed enclosures, for which tests are executed to verify that there is no leakage; - ingress of atmosphere is prevented; - the choice of materials is fundamental (enclosure and sealant) to guarantee appropriate thermal resistance to service temperatures (humid heat and cold)
Explosive atmosphere Ex nA
SUITABLE FOR ALL GASES FROM THE GROUP II (IIA, IIB, IIC)
ENCLOSED BREAK nC
Explosive Atmosfera esplosiva atmosphere
- for sparking components; - ingress of atmosphere is not prevented; - they need to be tested in terms of ignition of explosive mixture, that is defined by the standard 10 ON-OFF of the equipment; - the ignition is acceptable only inside the explosive mixture that surrounds the device cannot ignite.
- ingress of atmosphere is not prevented; - for sparking components; - they need to be tested in terms of ignition of explosive mixture defined by the standard 50 ON-OFF of the component; - explosive mixture that surrounds the device cannot ignite.
NON-FLAMMABLE DEVICES nC
GASES FROM THE GROUP II (IIA, IIB, IIC) IN RELATION TO THE TEST MIXTURE
Requirements of the nC method of protection encapsulated, with new edition of Directive IEC/EN 60079-15 dated 2010, have been transferred to the Directive IEC/EN 60079-18 of m method of protection, as encapsulation with EPL c (mc type of protection).
GASES FROM THE GROUP II (IIA, IIB, IIC) IN RELATION TO THE TEST MIXTURE
Requirements of the nL method of protection with limited energy, with the new edition of the directive IEC/EN 60079-15 dated 2010, have been transferred to the Directive IEC/EN 60079-11 of the i method of protection (intrinsic safety), as devices at intrinsic safety with EPL c (ic type of protection).
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OIL IMMERSION o Main characteristics
Ex o
OLIO
- electrical devices or their pieces are immersed in protection liquid (usually mineral oil), in such a way that explosive atmosphere that is over the liquid or outside of the enclosure cannot ignite; - it is applied to electrical devices, equipment pieces and Ex components that in absence of oil immersion are not able to provoke ignition of potentially explosive atmosphere during normal operation (non-priming devices during their normal operation, fundamentally with the nA and ic type of protection); - such devices and/or components guarantee Gc protection level, that is appropriate for Zone 2 and with oil immersion reach protection level Gb (first fault) and become appropriate to install in Zone 1; - necessity of controls to verify oil level and prevent the lack of protection liquid covering device. Applications Scarce application of this type of protection for devices that require frequent maintenance. It is applied especially to transformers or devices that are provided with organs in movement.
POwDER FILLING q Main characteristics
Ex q
- pieces prone to ignite explosive atmosphere are in a fixed position and are completely immersed in a replenishment material in such a way as to avoid ignition of external explosive atmosphere; - it cannot prevent the ingress of external explosive atmosphere in the equipment and components, nor ignition caused by relative electrical circuits. However, the external explosion is prevented thanks to the presence of free small volumes of filling material and to the fact that the flame does not spread and disappears in the filling materials; - it is applied to electrical devices, pieces of equipment and components Ex with In 16 A, Vn 1000 V, Pn 1000 W; - enclosures need to have the minimum protection grade IP54. If the protection degree is equal or superior to IP55, the enclosure has to be equipped with a breathing device; - guarantees the high protection level (EPL Gb) and therefore it is not an ignition source during normal operation or under possible fault conditions. Applications Scarce application of this type of protection of devices that require frequent maintenance. Method of protection q is diffused among components, often applied together with other ways of protection, as for example in condensers of lighting devices Ex e.
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INNER PRESSURIZATION p Main characteristics
Ex p
Atmosferaatmosphere esplosiva Explosive Ex p
- enclosures containing electrical devices, in which the ingress of atmosphere is prevented thanks to the presence of protection gas (air or inert gas) kept at constant pressure superior to the atmospheric pressure outside of the enclosure; - equipment inside of the enclosure can be the standard ones; - pressurized device is typically composed of following elements: casing containing electrical/electronic components that could ignite explosive atmosphere; protection gas supply unit with function of filtering and pressure reduction; gas discharge unit with function of pressurization control and regulation; command or control unit of washing and pressurization (general controls) protection through inner pressurization is divided in 3 ways of protection (px, py and pz):
CONDITIONS IN wHICH THE IGNITION IS PREVENTED inner pressurization that reduces the classification within the protected enclosure from Zone 1 to non hazardous Zone inner pressurization that reduces the classification within the protected enclosure from Zone 1 to Zone 2 inner pressurization that reduces the classification within the protected enclosure from Zone 2 to non hazardous Zone SYMBOL px py pz
Applications Electrical machines of large dimensions and power (motors, generators); power switchboards, with function of control, measurement, regulation, supervision, alarm, etc.; inner electrical cabins and transformers MT/BT control systems of industrial processes, etc.
DUSTS Graphic example
PROTECTION BY ENCLOSURE t Main characteristics
Ex t
- enclosures containing electrical equipment, in which the ingress of explosive atmosphere is prevented; - equipment inside of the enclosure can be the standard ones; - protection level Da, Db or Dc; - to ensure protection level Da additional conditions are fixed to limit the maximum superficial temperature; - protection levels reached through relative IP degree, determined by pressure tests of the enclosure: PROTECTION LEVEL ta tb tc IIIA IP6X IP5X IP5X GROUP III IIIB IP6X IP6X IP5X IIIC IP6X IP6X IP6X
Materials Taking into consideration if enclosure is metallic or not, it is fundamental to choose right materials to guarantee thermic resistance appropriate to service temperatures, mechanical resistance with the scope of not invalidating the IP degree. Applications All devices protected by an enclosure, sparking and non-sparking ones.
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3 INSTALLATION MODALITIES 3.1 Electrical devices in potentially explosive areas Preventative measures that are taken to decrease the explosion risk are based on minimization of probability of the presence of explosive atmosphere, applying proper technical solutions in processes of industrial plant. First, possibilities should be verified to replace inflammable substances with non-flammable ones. If the manufacturing process does not allow it, the attention should be directed to: - reduction of inflammable quantities; - avoidance or minimization of emissions; - emissions control; - prevention of the formation of explosive atmosphere; - pushing out and containing emissions; all control actions possible to implement, once hazardous areas are classified. After applying such measures it is possible to classify zones at risk of explosion and then it is required to apply technical solutions to prevent the ignition of explosive atmosphere. In the general area of analysis of ignition probabilities, it is possible to avoid the ignition caused by components of an electrical device through the use of appropriate equipment (Ex equipment) according to the type of hazardous area. Various Ex devices, chosen correctly on the basis of the protection level, once that are put in operation become an integral part of the more or less extended electrical plant. However, to ensure the safety there are also other factors that should be taken into consideration: installation of devices; how is distributed power of devices (electric system); plants of energy distribution to devices that consist of conductors/cables; protection of cable ducts; environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, pollution degree, liquids, shocks, vibrations, etc.); etc. To carry out the correct plan and installation of an electrical plant in areas potentially explosive, it is necessary to respect safety principles that are referred in the part 14 of the IEC/EN 60079 recognized by CEI in 2010 as follows: CEI EN 60079-14:2010 Explosive atmospheres part 14: Planning, choice and installation of electrical plants. This edition of the IECEN 60079-14 contains instructions both for electrical devices in the presence of gases and for the ones in the presence of dusts. The directive is applied to all constructions and electrical plants in permanent or temporary hazardous areas, independently of the voltage and mode of installation if plants are fixed, temporary or movable/portable and personal. However, it is not applied to: electrical plants in gassy mines; industries and/or explosive areas of treatment or production; medical environment; areas with presence of hybrid mixtures of combustible dusts and gases/vapours. The directive IEC/EN 60079-14 establishes requirements of electrical plants and their components without distinction between different plant typologies. It formulates prescriptions for a correct execution of electrical plants in operation of equivalent safety degree reached by the system hazardous area-electrical plant. Therefore, there are formulated general prescriptions for all electrical plants and particular prescriptions for each protection method, which allows the planning and installation of plants realized with more types of protection to achieve a wide choice of plant solutions maintaining the same safety level.
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3.2 Initial approach: data and information collection necessary for planning It is required to respect prescriptions regarding plant norms that are applied during the planning process of an electrical plant in explosive areas: the directive IEC/EN 60079-14 should be applied together with general plant norms (CEI 64-8; CEI 11-1; CEI 11-17, etc.). The first step to design an electrical plant in potentially explosive areas in the presence of gas is the collection of all necessary information. It needs to be performed a methodology of designing an ordinary electrical plant and then an analysis of necessary data to identify the type of danger in the presence of explosive atmosphere (type of hazardous areas and their extension), necessary to define the choice of appropriate plant components (group and category of electrical constructions according to the directive ATEX 94/9/EC and appropriate protection methods) and to establish plant rules to observe. A practical approach can be the following:
Analysis of external environmental:
Database regarding use, place and operative conditions
Database needed for the choice of equipments
Max/Min T amb; Humidity Env. pollution Penetration of external bodies Water penetration Mechanical stress Chemical stress
Fire load 30; SELV circuits, etc. Fulmination risk Electrical system Electrical parameters of the plant (Vn, Icc, etc.)
Classification of areas (zones) Classification of gases (IIA,IIB,IIC) Classification of dusts (IIIA, IIIB, IIIC) Class T of Gases etc.
Definition of plant regulations applicable together with the directive IEC/EN 60079-14
Choice of electrical constructions and components in compliance with the directive IEC/EN 60079-14
DOCUMENTATION FOR EACH DEVICE Instructions for installation and connection Special conditions of safety for equipment in operation in special conditions, as for example equipment that has the suffix X in the CE type certificate number CE declaration of conformity with the directive 94/9/EC
PLANT DESIGNING ACCORDING TO THE DIRECTIVE IEC/EN 60069-14
Necessary data and info for the planning of the electrical plants
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3.3 Responsibilities To define the concept of responsibility it needs to be underlined the thin boundary-line between Ex equipment and power supply system, as it concerns: constructor of electrical equipment, designer of electrical plants, installer and maintenance technician. The safety level of a device is guaranteed by the constructor, that according to the law (Directive Atex 94/9/EC), attaches to each device obligatory documents, such as: CE declaration of conformity (or a certificate of conformity of components, if applicable) Instruction for use and maintenance In case of both documents, all the information for the correct installation, use and maintenance The instructions for use are fundamental, as their correct application is necessary to ensure minimum essential requirements. In the phase of risk evaluation the manufacturer should take into consideration all possible ways of product use that prevent from generation of hazardous situations and/or potential sources of ignition. Therefore, among instructions for use, operations required to ensure the safety should be indicated: correct labelling (zone, environmental conditions, need of marking, etc.) correct use (eventual conditions of use not allowed, particular or limited ones); correct installation and/or adjustment; commissioning; correct maintenance; installation and/or replacement of eventual components. According to the directive it is not required to provide to the final user the copy of the CE certificate, nor test reports. Once the device has been installed, the constructors responsibility passes to the installer and this is always a delicate stage. The installer is obliged to make a correct choice of equipment in the hazardous area, which cannot be left to the constructor. The constructor only declares where the equipment does not cause the ignition of explosive atmosphere, through the Group and Category of the device. During the installation it is fundamental to think of the purpose and characteristics of the type of protection of devices that are used, for example, if Ex e devices are utilized it is required to follow constructors indications about connection limits, it is important to meet the proper isolation distances, etc. For example if an Ex e junction box is certified for the maximum number of section entries, it is not possible to realize any further ingress by puncturing and adding a gland to the box, even if this operation is executed in a good way. In fact, in the Ex e type of protection, the temperature class is classified by the temperature measures of inner components, reason for which is defined the maximum number and the section of connectable conductors. In case of excess of expected limits of terminals/circuits, declared thermic characteristics cannot be guaranteed. In conclusion, not to interrupt the protection of equipment and to carry out the correct installation, it is necessary to follow the safety instructions that are attached to the product. Finally, it is required to maintain characteristics which guarantee safety: a plant located in potentially explosive atmosphere surely cannot be left alone until its failure requires replacement of one of its components. Accordingly, it is essential to carry out initial and periodic checks or a continuous supervision executed by skilled personnel.
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3.4 Marking CE marking is obligatory and needs to be attached to each device/equipment or protection system (excluding components) before putting it on the market or in service. The constructor adds to products CE marking in accordance with the directive and respects the following indications: CE mark + identification number of the notified Organism that is responsible for supervision + + Group + Category For example: CE0051 II 2GD
For the Category 3, as the notified organism does not have to intervene and there is not required CE type testing, nor production supervision, the marking will be as follows: CE mark + + Group + Category II 3G
For example: CE
The purpose of marking is to communicate to those that acquire, install, use, maintain, check, etc., that the device is constructed in conformity to essential safety requirements, on the certain level established by the category. In conclusion, to install an equipment (electrical or not) in a potentially explosive area, it is necessary and sufficient to mark it according to the way described above. It is implied that there can be installed electrical and non-electrical products that are not in conformity with the harmonized standards (for example Ex constructions), but are in conformity with the law and safety principles against explosion. In this case the equipment will be marked as it was described before. If, on the other hand, equipment is installed, for example electrical one, in conformity with the directive and with harmonized standards, that is Ex electrical equipment that is presumed to be in conformity with ESR, the ATEX marking will have to differ according to the following indications:
CE mark + identification number of the notified Organism that is responsible for supervision + + Group + Category + Ex mark Example 1: CE0051 Example 2: CE0051 Example 3: CE II 2G Ex de IIC T5 Gb
II 2D Ex tb IIIC T 100C Db IP66 II 3G Ex nR IIC T6 Gc
A complete marking of an Ex electrical equipment, in conformity with the directive 94/9/EC, needs to include as follows: ABCD SpA, Via Moro 2, Milano (name and address of the constructor) MRT 1234 2004 (type, serial or lot number, year) CE0722 (CE mark, number of the Notified Organism responsible for manufacturing supervision) II 2G (group, category) Ex d IIB T4 Gb (protection method, gas group, temperature class EPL) CESI 02 ATEX 0999 (number of the certificate of CE type test) Characteristics (supply voltage, frequency, etc.)
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Marking according to the Directive Atex 94/9/CE (ATEX 95)
0051
NUMBER OF THE NOTIFIED ORGANISM responsible for the production quality
II 2GD
GASES CATEGORY 2 (see the table below) DUSTS
GROUP II: areas with presence of explosive atmosphere, other than mines GROUP I: gassy mines
CATEGORIES (Directive 94/9/EC Annex I)

Devices that are designed and eventually equipped with special supplementary means of protection to function in conformity with operative parameters established by manufacturer and to ensure a high protection level. Devices in this category are intended to work underground in mines and in their plants of surfaces exposed to the emission risk of grisou and/or combustible dusts. Devices in this category remain working in explosive atmosphere, even in case of an extraordinary failure and are characterised by measures of protection such as: - in case of failure of one of measures of protection, there is at least one more independent measure that can ensure the required safety level; or - when there are identified two independent failures, the required safety level is guaranteed. Devices designed to work in conformity with operative parameters established by manufacturer and based on a high safety level. Devices in this category are intended to work underground in mines and in their plants of surfaces exposed to the emission risk of grisou and/or combustible dusts. In the presence of a potentially explosive atmosphere, the energy supply of these devices should be interrupted. Protection measures relating to devices in this category ensure the protection level required in normal operation, including hard conditions, especially those that are the result of strong stresses and continuous environmental variations. Devices designed to work in conformity with operative parameters established by manufacturer and to guarantee a high protection level. Devices in this category are intended to work in environments in which an explosive atmosphere is detected always, often or for long periods of time, which is created due to gases, vapours, mists or mixtures of air and dusts. Devices in this category have to ensure the required protection level, also in case of an extraordinary failure and are characterised by protection measures, such as: - in case of failure of one of measures of protection, there is at least one more independent measure that can ensure the required safety level; or - when there are identified two independent failures, the required safety level is guaranteed.. Devices designed to work in conformity with operative parameters established by manufacturer and to guarantee a high protection level. Devices in this category are intended to work in environments in which there is a probability of creation of explosive atmospheres due to gases, vapours, mists or mixtures of air and dusts. Measures of protection relating to devices in this category guarantee the required protection level also in the presence of frequent malfunctions or functions defects of devices which should be usually taken into consideration. Devices designed to work in conformity with operative parameters established by manufacturer and to guarantee a normal protection level. Devices in this category are intended to work in environments in which there is a low probability of creation of explosive atmospheres and if it occurs it is just for a short time, due to gases, vapours, mists or mixtures of air and dusts. Devices in this category guarantee the required protection level during normal operation.
Category M1
GROUP I
Category M2
Category 1
GROUP II Category 2
Category 3
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MARKING ACCORDING TO IEC/EN 60079
Gases
EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO IEC/EN 60079-0
GROUPING ON THE BASIS OF THE ATMOSPHERE IN WHICH IT IS INTENDED TO BE INSTALLED EQUIPMENT GROUPS I Intended for use in mines with possible presence of grisou. Intended for use in surfaces with possible presence of Gases. The Group is divided into: Propane, Methane, Benzene, etc. Ethylene Hydrogen, Acetylene Temperature class of equipment T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 GROUPING ON THE BASIS OF THE MAXIMUM SURFACE TEMPERATURE GROUP II Ignition Maximum temperature of permitted surface temperature gases > 450 C > 300 C > 200 C > 135 C > 100 C > 85 C 440 C 290 C 195 C 130 C 95 C 80 C EQUIPMENT PROTECTION LEVEL Equipment Protection Level (Epl) Ga Gb Gc
Equipment does not ignite during operation Normal 1st fault Rare fault Normal 1st fault Normal
Zone
II IIA IIB IIC
0 1 2
PROTECTION METHODS WITH WHICH EQUIPMENT IS REALIZED IN COMPLIANCE WITH IEC/EN 60079
EPL STANDARD IEC/EN SYMBOL PROTECTION METHOD HARMONIZATION CLASSIFICATION ATEX 94/9 ZONE
Ex de IIC T5 Gb
-Ia ma --op is
General Requirements Intrinsic Safety Encapsulation Intrinsically safe electrical systems (#1) Equipment Protection Level (EPL) Ga Protection of equipment and transmission systems that utilize optical radiation Equipment protected by explosion proof enclosures Equipment with the pressurization type of protection (#2) Powder filling Oil immersion Increased safety Intrinsic safety Encapsulation Intrinsically safe electrical systems Protection of equipment and transmission systems that utilize optical radiation Equipment with the pressurization type of protection Intrinsic safety Non-sparking equipment Sparking equipment in normal operation Restricted breathing enclosures
Ga
60079-0 60079-11 60079-18 60079-25 60079-26 60079-28 60079-1 60079-2 60079-5 60079-6 60079-7 60079-11 60079-18 60079-25 60079-28 60079-2 60079-11 60079-15
-0
--
II 1G
Gb
Gc
d p, px, pz q o e ib mb -op is op pr op sh pz ic nA nC nR
II 2G
II 3G
84
MARKING ACCORDING TO IEC/EN 60079
Dusts
EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO IEC/EN 60079-0
GROUPING ON THE BASIS OF THE ATMOSPHERE IN WHICH IT IS INTENDED TO BE INSTALLED EQUIPMENT GROUPS Intended for use in places with explosive atmospheres due to presence of combustible dusts other than mines with possible presence of grisou. The Group is divided into: Combustible particles (fibers) Non-conducting dust Conducting dust GROUPING ON THE BASIS OF THE MAXIMUM SURFACE TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM SURFACE TEMPERATURE Maximum surface temperature determined without a dust level Maximum surface temperature determined by the thickness of dust level, TL in mm, that surrounds all sides of the construction Example T 95 C EQUIPMENT PROTECTION LEVEL
III
Equipment Protection Level (Epl)
Equipment does not ignite during operation Normal 1st fault Rare fault Normal 1st fault Normal
Zone
IIIA IIIB IIIC
Example T500 150 C
Da Db Dc
20 21 22
Ex tb IIIC T95 C Db IP65

PROTECTION METHODS WITH WHICH EQUIPMENT IS REALIZED ACCORDING TO IEC/EN 60079
STANDARD IEC/EN SYMBOL PROTECTION METHOD ZONE HARMONIZATION CLASSIFICATION ATEX 94/9 EPL
Equipment intended for explosive atmosphere due to dusts are not classified in relation to temperature.
60079-0 60079-11
-ia ma ta ib mb tb pD ic mc tc
General Requirements Intrinsic Safety Encapsulation Protection by enclosures Intrinsic Safety Encapsulation Protection by enclosures Protection method pD Intrinsic Safety Encapsulation Protection by enclosures
--
--
Da
60079-18 60079-31 60079-11
20
II 1D
Db
60079-18 60079-31 61241-4 60079-11
21
II 2D
Dc
60079-18 60079-31
22
II 3D
Protection method pD 61241-4 pD

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3.5 Declaration of conformity
ATEX certifications
In relation to category there are prescribed different procedures to evaluate the conformity with the Directive 94/9/EC. Electrical devices that belong to the categories 1 and 2 need to be certified by the Notified Organisms, authorities that are responsible for the verification of conformity. Devices in the category 3 are tested through self-certification, for which it is sufficient only an inner production control. Product category M1 M2 1GD 2GD 3GD Group and Zone Group I Group I Group II - III Zone 0 20 Group II - III Zone 1 21 Group II - III Zone 2 22 Company Certification through Notified Body through Notified Body Product Certification through Notified Body through Notified Body Self-certification
Procedures to evaluate the conformity of the equipment
Moreover, companies that produce electrical devices of the categories 1 and 2 have also an obligation of notification and surveillance of the quality system through a Notified Body, whose identification number is stamped on the data plate with the CE marking. Among Notified Bodies in Italy are: IMQ (Istituto Italiano del Marchio di Qualit) CESI (Centro Elettrotecnico Sperimentale Italiano) CEC (Consorzio Europeo Certificazione) while in Europe: TV (present with different marks, an example is TV SD Product Service GmbH) DEKRA (DEKRA EXAM GmbH) The complete list of Notified Bodies can be found on the website: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newapproach/nando/index.cfm
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3.6 Verication and maintenance An electrical plant in an explosive atmosphere assumes characteristics in relation to variables necessary to guarantee safety, against the probabilities of ignition. Such variables are: type of the explosive atmosphere (gas, dust); probability of presence of the presence of an explosive atmosphere (type of zone); required safety level; choice of different types of protection according to the required safety level and to the plants functioning (energy, measure and control, command, etc.); construction and specific characteristics of the installation, different for each type of protection; characteristics of Ex power supplies, according to the type of zone; characteristics of an electrical plant according to the type of protection of all Ex devices. Even if we know how the equipment has been constructed, tested and certified to guarantee safety also during operation in case of failure, it is necessary to guarantee all characteristics of the type of protection and to maintain them in time. For example, an Ex tb construction is appropriate to be installed in the Zone 21, since it guarantees a protection (at least the degree of protection IP6X) against dust ingress. The degree of protection is generally guaranteed by a gasket. Certification tests are provided to guarantee that the gasket has been subjected to ageing to verify its resistance in time. However, real operational conditions, openings and closures of the enclosure can cause the loss of elastic qualities of the gasket and have a negative influence on the protection degree IP6X, on which the type of protection does depend. The periodic checks of the enclosure are of a great importance for the safety of the equipment. It is essential to maintain the integrity of all specific characteristics of Ex electrical constructions and of characteristics of plants that can be fundamental for the safe functioning of the equipment and for the safety; for this it is required to execute an initial verification and also: a) regular periodic verifications, or b) continuous supervision done by skilled personnel.
3.6.1 Verication To understand better types of verification and different levels of tests on electrical plants in potentially explosive areas, it is necessary to know definitions used in the standards, starting from the concept of verification: action that implies a careful exam of a component of a plant, done without dissembling, or if necessary, with a partial dissembling, completed by measures in the scope of reaching a valid conclusion about the state of the component. Essentially a verification is a control through a visual inspection or a profound analysis of characteristics, also with help of measures, installation requirements of the component and some component requirements, that guarantee the protection. The directive IEC/EN 60079-17 defines its field of application: The present part of IEC 60079 is directed to users and concerns aspects directly connected with the verification and maintenance of electrical plants situated in hazardous zones, where the danger can be caused by inflammable gases, vapours, mists, dusts, fibers or volatile residues. It does not include: other fundamental prescriptions for the installation and verification of electrical plants; verifications of electrical equipment; repair and restoration of equipment protected from explosion (see IEC 60079-19) In case of dusts, fibers or volatile residues, the cleanliness level can influence prescription for the verification and maintenance. The present Directive is intended to be applied in areas which are at risk due to explosive mixtures of gases or dusts in the air or of layers of combustible dust in normal atmospheric conditions.
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Types of verification defined by the directive are following: initial verification: verification of all electrical equipments, systems and electrical plants before putting them into service; periodic verification: verification of all electrical equipments, systems and electrical plants conducted systematically, with a defined frequency; spot check: verification conducted on a proportional part of electrical equipments, systems and electrical plants; continuous supervision: presence, inspection, assistance, care and frequent maintenance of the electrical plant executed by skilled personnel, present during normal activities, that know the specific plant and its environment, with the scope of preservation of protection characteristics against explosion of the plant in satisfying conditions. According to the verification to conduct on a plant, it can be necessary to execute it with one or more degrees: visual inspection: verification that helps to identify defects that are visible to the naked eye; close verification: it concerns the same aspects of the visual inspection and moreover identifies defects that could be detected only by the use of access measures, for example scales, where necessary other tools. The close verification does not require the enclosure to be open, nor the device to be out of voltage; detailed verification: verification that implies the aspects of the close verification and what is more, identifies defects, such as loosen connections, that can be found out during the opening of the enclosure and/or using, where necessary, measuring tools and devices. Generally it is required to isolate the equipment from the supply network.
3.6.2. Verication documents There need to be predisposed complete documents with the function of database of the plant and its components, composed of information regarding installation place, equipment use, its characteristics, etc. The standards provide all the information necessary to execute correctly the verifications. Apart from this information, it is formed an example of what a documentation should contain to be useful for a programmed monitoring of the plant. Document
CLASSIFICATION OF AREAS
Short description/necessary information

Hazardous zones Group, category (94/9/EC) and equipment protection level (EPL) required in every place Group of electrical equipment (IIA, IIB, IIC) and temperature class (GAS) Group of electrical equipment (IIIA, IIIB, IIIC) and temperature (DUST) Temperature limits, protection method, IP degree, corrosion resistance, etc. All documents regarding installation All documents regarding equipment (CE declaration of conformity, certificates, instructions, etc.) Position of equipment, etc. frequencies results interventions etc.
Verification documents
EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS DATA RECORDS
copy of Documentation in relation to previous verifications
There can be prepared summary reports for each equipment or a part of plant, so they can be used during the verification, in which all information are listed containing records and referring to cataloguing, for any sudden recovery in case of anomalies. The fields of such summary reports could be as it is illustrated below:
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Short description/information
Equipment type Marking (ATEX 94/9/EC) Inner coding Principal characteristics Type of hazardous area Environmental conditions of installation Date of classification update Date of the last verification Type of the verification Degree of the verification History of all maintenance operations Spare parts in stock Code of records Data records temperature, eventual aggressive chemical agents (electrical parameters, use, etc.)
3.6.3 Verication process of new plants
Example of information schedules in relation to installations
Before having put in service electrical plants or equipment, it is required to execute an initial verification. To make sure that installations are maintained in satisfying conditions for the continuous use in the hazardous place it is needed to: a) effect regular periodic verifications, or b) dispose plants to a continuous supervision by skilled personnel and, when necessary to perform maintenance. After implementing any adjustment, maintenance, repair, restoration, modification or replacement it is required to proceed to the verification of equipment and components according to the positions of the column concerning verification described in verification reports. In case of dusts, fibers or volatile residues, the cleanliness can influence prescriptions for the verification and maintenance. The list and method of identification needed for maintaining the Ex equipment, have to give the possibility to track the replacement of equipment, which may have certification marks and details different than the original one. If at a certain point the classification of hazardous place and requirements of protection levels of equipment are modified, or if any electrical device is moved from one place to another one, it is necessary to effect a verification to make sure that the type of protection and temperature class, if needed, are appropriate for new conditions. In such case, for example, it can be useful the summary report of records that contain information regarding the equipment. In fixed installations the verification process is the following: 1. initial verifications, proceeded with the scope of ensuring that the chosen protection method and its installation are appropriate; 2. it needs to be determined a provisional interval for periodic verifications. The verification degree and the interval between periodic verifications need to be determined taking into consideration the type of device, constructors instructions, factors that cause damages of the equipment, classification of the hazardous place and/or prescriptions for EPL and results of previous verifications. The principal factors that could cause damages of the electrical equipment include: corrosion sensitivity, exposition to certain chemical or solvent products, risk of dust or dirt accumulation, risk of water penetration, exposition to abnormal environmental temperatures, risk of mechanical damage, presence of abnormal vibrations.
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The interval between periodic verifications cannot exceed 3 years without any opinion of an expert. 3. When the time interval is fixed the plant shall be submitted provisionally to additional spot checks to confirm and modify the proposed interval. In the same way the verification degree should be determined, and then spot checks can be carried out to confirm and modify the proposed verification degree. During the functioning it is necessary to provide a regular exam of results of verifications to confirm their interval, and so their degree. As an alternative to periodic verifications there can be carried out a continuous supervision by skilled personnel: the installation is examined during its normal operation. The scope of the continuous supervision consists in early detection of failures and then their subsequent repair. It relies on skilled personnel of the plant, present in the course of normal activities (for example installation, modifications, inspections, maintenance, fault tests, cleanliness works, control and commutation works, connection and disconnection works, adjustment and scaling works, function tests, measures, etc.); it profits from experience to identify the failures and changes in preliminary stages. The frequency of presence and verifications that are the basis of the continuous supervision has to be determined taking into account the environment of the specific plant relative to the expected deterioration of the equipment, its use and experience. A part of a plant with a significant amount of explosion proof systems must be visited at least once a week, to be a part of the continued monitoring principle. The results of all initial, periodic and sample tests need to be recorded and kept. Additionally, the documentation of installation must provide sufficient information with respect to: a) the history of maintenance activities with instructions that explain these activities, and b) the verification of continuous supervision effectiveness. It is needed to keep under control and record the defects and corrective actions. The continuous supervision by skilled personnel does not eliminate prescriptions for initial and sample tests. As it concerns portable, movable or transportable electrical equipment, which is particularly prone to damage or incorrect use, it may be necessary to reduce the time interval between periodic checks. Movable electrical equipment should be subject to a close check at least once every 12 months. The enclosures that are open (as battery housing) must be subjected to a detailed verification at least every 6 months. In addition, before the use the equipment needs to be verified visually by the user to make sure it is not visibly damaged. The continuous supervision is not useful for non-fixed equipment nor equipment for which during normal activities there is not the possibility of a continuous presence. 3.6.4 Personnel qualications The verification and maintenance of plants should be performed by experienced staff, whose training has included instructions on various protection types, installation methods, requirements of the Directive, national laws and business standards applicable to the plant and general principles of hazardous places classification. The continuous preparation, education and training of staff need to be applied by regular refreshing courses. The proof of the declared experience and training must be available. Periodic checks carried out on a regular basis require personnel that: 1) have a knowledge of classification of place/EPL and sufficient technical knowledge to be able to understand implications for the considered environment; 2) have a technical knowledge and are able to understand theoretical and practical requirements for electrical constructions used in hazardous areas; 3) understand requirements for visual inspection and close detailed verifications regarding installed equipment and plants.
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When the skilled personnel inspect, an installation on a regular basis during normal operation, in addition to meeting requirements described above, they have to: a) be aware of the process and environmental implications related to the deterioration of specific equipment within the plant, and b) effect visual inspections and/or close verifications as part of normal activities, as well as detailed verifications in case of eventual replacements or adjustments. For each installation, there must be selected responsibility figures regarding a verification organization and training tasks of personnel subjected to these verifications. As follows, there are described two figures of the directive with listed responsibilities. With regards to the preparation and training of these responsibility figures, it refers to the Annex B (normative) of the directive. Technical personnel with executive functions should be identified for each plant and should carry out the following tasks: c) evaluate the practicability of the continuous supervision principle in terms of skills, experience and availability of staff and its knowledge regarding particular installations; d) define the object of equipment to be kept under continuous observation, taking into consideration environmental conditions, frequency of presence, special knowledge, workflow and disposition of equipment; e) determine the frequency of verifications, verification degree and content of reports to allow to carry out a meaningful analysis of the equipment performance; f) ensure that the documentation is available; g) ensure that the skilled personnel are familiar with: principle of continuous supervision together with the need for any report of analysis function; installation; all protected material against explosions within their responsibility area; doing what is needed to verify that: - the process of continuous supervision adheres to the program; - the skilled personnel have enough time to conduct verifications; - the skilled personnel have received an adequate training and recent updates; - the documentation is properly completed; - there is an adequate technical support that is always available for the skilled personnel; - the state of the electrical plant is known. The requirements related to the knowledge of technical personnel with executive functions should include knowledge of requirements indicated in regulations IEC/EN 60079-10-1, IEC/EN 60079-10-2, IEC/EN 60079-14 and IEC/EN 60079-19 with respect to areas classification and choice and/or selection of EPL, assembling, installation, repair and replacement of the equipment. The skilled personnel should be familiar with the continuous supervision principle, with the need of eventual reports or analysis functions that can be part of the continuous monitoring method applicable to a specific plant. The skilled personnel should have sufficient training to be familiar with the installation. This training should include any condition of the plant, equipment, operating or environment that can be necessary to individuate requirements of protection of equipment against explosions. When any variation or change of process occurs, this information should be provided to the skilled personnel to include it in the process of continuous supervision. When it is needed, the training that concerns continuous supervision needs to be provided together with updating or integrating seminars.
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3.7 Inspection schedules Any verification (initial, periodic, spot checks or continuous verification) is carried out by controlling a series of requirements that involve both the general plant rules regarding the risk of explosion, and installation rules related to the protection method. The directive suggests as a practical verification instrument, four datasheets regarding protection methods, in which the verifications to be carried out are divided into requirements for: electrical equipment; plants; environmental conditions. For each verification to be carried out, the inspection schedules provide required protection degree. 3.7.1 Verications that do not depend on the protection type of equipment In inspection schedules the following checks that are to be carried out are included: Equipment responding to requirements for the zone/EPL of place Correct equipment group The construction group is confronted with the gas group indicated in the classification, for the area in which the construction is installed. Correct maximum surface temperature of equipment The temperature class of the construction is confronted with the gas class T indicated in the classification, for the area in which the construction is installed. Identification of the circuit to which the equipment belongs The purpose of this requirement is to facilitate the correct separating electrical equipment from its power source each time when a work needs to be carried out. This can be obtained in different ways, for example: a) Equipment is provided with a permanent mark indicating the power source. b) Equipment or a cable are provided with an identification number in the immediate vicinity of the equipment. The power source can be spotted in a drawing or a list which includes a reference to the number indicated on the electrical equipment or cable. c) The component is identified in a clear and unambiguous way in a design in which the power point is identified both directly and indirectly through a list. Cable entry device Tightening control of the cable entry device during close verification can be done by hand without the need to remove the weather or coating protection tape. To carry out detailed verifications it can be necessary that the cable entry device is removed only if the integrity of ingresses cannot be ascertained in a close verification. Appropriate cable type Compliance with IEC/EN 60079-14 Seals Seals of ducts and protection pipes are in compliance with IEC/EN 60079-14.
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Fault loop impedance or earthing resistance In the initial verification it needs to be controlled the integrity of earthing devices, by measuring the resistance. The measurement can be made by using a resistance measuring instrument of intrinsic safety (with the procedure specified by the manufacturer). The following spot checks can also be done with measuring resistance instrument of intrinsic safety. A resistance measuring instrument of non-intrinsic safety can be utilized if safe work procedure has been carried out and the responsible for the area can guarantee, in case of danger due to the presence of dusts, that places where potentially dangerous sparks could be produced, do not contain potentially explosive atmospheres due to the presence of dusts and layers of hazardous dusts. Insulation resistance The insulation resistance for equipment and wiring up to 500 V (other than SELV circuits) should be measured at 500 V d.c. The insulation resistance needs to be at least 1,0 M, unless it is specifically defined in the documentation of the user. Overload protection See IEC/EN 60079-14 related to rotating electrical machines. It is necessary to verify if: - the protective device is calibrated and operates properly (during initial and detailed tests); - the characteristics of the protective device of rotating electrical machines are such that the calibration current (nominal)IN intervenes within 2 hours at 1,20 and during the initial verification it does not intervene within 2 hours at 1,05.
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Verification reports for equipment Ex d, Ex e ed Ex n

Verifications to be performed: A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Electrical equipment is suitable to the zone/EPL requirements of the place Equipment group is correct Temperature class of the electrical equipment is correct Identification of the circuit of the electrical equipment is correct Identification of the circuit of the electrical equipment is available The enclosure, glass parts and gaskets and/or resistant materials between the glass parts and the metallic ones are in satisfying conditions There do not exist non-authorized modifications There do not exist visible non-authorized modifications Screws, cable entry devices (direct and indirect) and closure elements are correct, complete and resistant 9 physical exam visual exam 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 B 1 2 3 4 5 Surfaces of joints are clean and not damaged and eventual connections are in satisfying conditions Interstices of flat joints comply with permissible maximum values Nominal features, type and positions of lamps are correct Electrical connections are well closed Conditions of enclosure gaskets are satisfying Cutouts with closed cell and airtight are not damaged Restricted breathing enclosures are satisfying Fans of motors are in a sufficient distance from the enclosure and/or protection elements Breathing and drainage devices are satisfying INSTALLATIONS Cable type is appropriate Cables do not have evident damages Sealing of feedthroughs, conduits, cable runs and/or protective tubes is satisfying Lock connections and junction boxes of cables are filled correctly Integrity of systems is maintained with a protective tube and a relative interface with mixed systems Ground cables, including all additional equipotential connections, are satisfying (for example connections are locked and conductors have a sufficient section) physical exam visual exam 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 C 1 2 3 Impedance of ring fault (TN system) or earth resistance (IT system) is satisfying Insulation resistance is satisfying Automatic electrical protection devices work up to permissive limits Automatic electrical protection devices are properly calibrated (automatic restoration is not possible) Particular conditions of use are respected (where applicable) Non used cable extremities are properly protected General obstacles to flange joints of explosion proof enclosures are in compliance with IEC 60079-14 Installations at variable voltage/frequency in accordance with the documentation ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Electrical devices are properly protected against corrosion, atmospheric conditions, vibrations and other unfavourable factors There is no inadmissible accumulation of dust or dirt Electrical insulators are clean and dry X X X X X X X X X X D X X X X R X X V X X X X D X X X X R X X V X X X D X X X X R X X V X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X D X X X X X X X X X X X X R V X X D X X X X X X X X R V X X X X X X X X X X X X D X X X X X X X X R V X X X X X X X X X X X D X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ex d R X X X V X D X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ex e Verification degree R X X X V X D X X X X X X X X X X X X X R X X X V X Ex n
NOTE 1 General: verifications performed on equipment with the protection type e and d will be in combination of both columns. NOTE 2 Points B7 and B8: it is needed to take into consideration the presence of explosive atmosphere near to the electrical construction during its operation.
D = Detailed, R = Close, V = Visual
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Verification report for equipment Ex tD

Verifications to be performed: A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Electrical equipment is suitable to the zone/EPL requirements of the place IP degree of electrical equipment is appropriate to conduct dusts Maximum surface temperature of the equipment is correct Identification of the circuit of the equipment is available Identification of the circuit of the equipment is correct The enclosure, glass parts and gaskets and/or resistant materials between the glass parts and the metallic ones are in satisfying conditions There do not exist non-authorized modifications There do not exist visible non-authorized modifications Screws, cable entry devices (direct and indirect) and closure elements are correct, complete and resistant physical exam visual exam 10 11 12 13 B 1 2 3 4 Nominal features, type and positions of lamps are correct Electrical connections are closed well Conditions of enclosure gaskets are satisfying Fans of motors are in a sufficient distance from the enclosure and/or protection elements INSTALLATIONS The installation is constructed in such a way as to minimize the risk of dust accumulation Cable type is appropriate There are no evident damages of cables Sealing of feedthroughs, conduits, cable runs and/or protective tubes is satisfying Ground cables, including all additional equipotential connections, are satisfying (for example connections are locked and conductors have a sufficient section) physical exam visual exam 6 7 8 10 11 C 1 2 Impedance of ring fault (TN system) or earth resistance (IT system) is satisfying Insulation resistance is satisfying Automatic electrical protection devices work up to permissive limits Particular conditions of use are respected (where applicable) Non used cable extremities are properly protected ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Electrical devices are properly protected against corrosion, atmospheric conditions, vibrations and other unfavourable factors There is no inadmissible accumulation of dust or dirt X X X X X Detailed X X X Close X X Visual X X X X X X X X X Detailed X X X X X X X X Close X Visual X X X X Detailed X X X X X X X X X X X Verification degree Close X X X X X Visual X X
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Verification report for equipment Ex i

Verifications to be performed: A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 C 1 2 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Documentation of the circuit of the electrical equipment is suitable to the zone/EPL requirements of the place Installed electrical equipment is precised in the documentation Only for the fixed equipment Category and group of the circuit and/or of the equipment are correct Temperature class of the equipment is correct Installation is clearly labelled The enclosure, glass parts and gaskets and/or resistant materials between the glass parts and the metallic ones are in satisfying conditions There do not exist non-authorized modifications There do not exist visible non-authorized modifications Safety barriers, power relays and other current limiting devices are of the approved type, are installed according to the requirements of the certification and are conveniently put on the ground if necessary Electrical connections are well closed Stamped circuits are clean and not damaged INSTALLATIONS Cables are installed according to the documentation Cable shielding is connected with the ground according to the documentation Cables do not have evident damages Sealing of feed through, conduits, cable runs and/or protective tubes is satisfying Connections are correct Continuity of circuits put on the ground is satisfying for circuits that are galvanically insulated (for example connections are locked and conductors have a sufficient section) Earthing connections do not break the integrity with the protection method Grounding system and insulation resistance of a intrinsically safe circuit are satisfying Separation of intrinsically safe circuits from those non-intrinsically safe is ensured where all circuits are in a distribution enclosure or in a compartment Protection form short-circuit of supply circuits, where applicable, is in accordance with the documentation Particular conditions of use are respected (where applicable) Non used cable extremities are properly protected ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Electrical devices are properly protected against corrosion, atmospheric conditions, vibrations and other unfavorable factors There is no inadmissible accumulation of dust or dirt X X X Detailed X X X X X X X X X X X X Detailed X X Close X X Visual X X X X X X X X Close X Visual X Detailed X X X X X X X X X X X Verification degree Close XX X X X X Visual
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Verification report for equipment Ex p

Verifications to be performed: A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 B 1 2 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Electrical equipment is suitable to the zone/EPL requirements of the place Equipment group is correct Temperature class or surface temperature of the electrical equipment is correct Identification of the circuit of the electrical equipment is correct Identification of the circuit of the electrical equipment is available The enclosure, glass parts and gaskets and/or resistant materials between the glass parts and the metallic ones are in satisfying conditions There do not exist non-authorized modifications There do not exist visible non-authorized modifications Nominal features, type and positions of lamps are correct INSTALLATIONS Cable type is appropriate Cables do not have evident damages Ground cables, including all additional equipotential connections, are satisfying (for example connections are locked and conductors have a sufficient section) physical exam visual exam 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 C 1 2 Impedance of ring fault (TN system) or earth resistance (IT system) is satisfying Automatic electrical protection devices work up to permissive limits Automatic electrical protection devices are properly calibrated Temperature of protection gas is inferior to the specified maximum one Conduits, tubes and enclosures are in good state Protection gas is out of impurities Pressure and/or flow of the protection gas are adequate Pressure gauges and/or flow indicators, alarms and interlocks work correctly Installation conditions of anti-spark barriers and antiparticles in canals of gas exit that pass by hazardous places, are satisfying Particular conditions of use are respected (where applicable) ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Electrical devices are properly protected against corrosion, atmospheric conditions, vibrations and other unfavorable factors There is no inadmissible accumulation of dust or dirt X X X X X X X X X X Detailed X X Close X X Visual X X X X X X X X X X X X Detailed X X X X Close Visual Detailed X X X X X X X X X Verification degree Close X X X X X X X X X Visual X X
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3.8 European vs American perspective While in Europe the conformity with the directive ATEX is obligatory in order to install devices in explosion risk environments and follows the recommendations of the International Eletrotechnical Commission (IEC), in the United States there are guidelines provided by the National Electrical Code (NEC) and the Canadian Electrical Code (CEC) for Canada. These different regulations are often similar, but differ in the detail and can lead to complications and difficulties in understanding since USA and Canadian regulations do not provide for direct equivalency with European regulations, however, there are some similarities: Class I = flammable vapours and gases; Class II = combustible dust; Class III = ignitable fibers or flyings
Also the classification of areas is slightly different and there are only two classes known as Divisions: Division 2 is the area where there are no hazardous concentration of combustibles during continuous operation Division 1 relates to hazardous concentrations that are consistently present
Zone 2 Zone 1 Zone 0
Atmosphere continuously present Europe North America Zone 0
Atmosphere intermittently present Zone 1
Atmosphere abnormally present Zone 2 Division 2
Zone 0
Division 1
European Zones vs American Divisions
The article 505 of the NEC provides the possibility of classification according to the IEC standards, that defines hazardous areas (0,1,2) and the possibility of using products that are approved according to the regulations IEC 60079 for various methods of protection. However the exact equivalence is not always acceptable. For example: products homologated for Zone 1 do not necessarily meet the requirements of the Division 1, which includes also Zone 0. USA and CANADA equipments intended for use in areas where hazardous explosive atmospheres may occur, is audited and approved by control centers recognized on national level, for example UL (Underwriters Laboratories) in the USA and CSA International in Canada. Due to the growing necessity to regulate the conditions for approval of the electrical equipments on a global scale and to make the international market a free market thanks to global accepted certificates, IEC introduced the IECEx certification. The IECEx scheme is an international system inside which all the major reference standards for the manufacturing of equipments for the installation in hazardous areas are harmonized. The certificates are emitted through an IECEx notified body in one of the countries members. The complete list of notified bodies can be found on the website: www.iecex.com
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Examples of American marking in accordance with NEC/CEC
Method of protection General requirements Flameproof enclosure Pressurization Powder filling Oil immersion Increased safety Intrinsic safety Type n Encapsulation
Code EEx d EEx p EEx q EEx o EEx e EEx ia; ib EEx n EEx m
Standard IEC IEC 60079-0 IEC 60079-1 IEC 60079-2 IEC 60079-5 IEC 60079-6 IEC 60079-7
Standard EN EN 60079-0 EN 60079-1 EN 60079-2 EN 60079-5 EN 60079-6 EN 60079-7
Standard Division US FM3600 FM3615 FM3620 FM3610 -
Standard Zone US ISA60079-0 ISA60079-1 ISA60079-2 ISA60079-5 ISA60079-6 ISA60079-7 ISA60079-11 ISA60079-15 ISA60079-18
Standard Division Canada C22.2 No.0 C22.2 No. 30 NFPA 496 C22.2 No.157 -
Standard Zone Canada CSA E60079-0 CSA E60079-1 CSA E60079-2 CSA E60079-5 CSA E60079-6 CSA E60079-7 CSA E60079-11 CSA E60079-15 CSA E60079-18
IEC 60079-11 EN 60079-11 IEC 60079-15 EN 60079-15 IEC 60079-18 EN 60079-18
Methods of protection and international normatives
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4. PRODUCTS INSTALLATION PARAMETERS 4.1 Equipment selection The electrical equipment should be chosen according to the criteria of the directive ATEX 94/9/EC, in relation to the hazardous area of installation: it is necessary to determine the group (I or II) and category of the equipment in relation to the hazardous area where it is intended to be installed. When electrical equipment is in compliance with the series of directives IEC/EN 60079 (Ex equipment), it is also in accordance with the directive 94/9/EC. Therefore, making the choice of the equipment in accordance with these regulations, implies the equipment choice according to the criteria of the directive. The selection criteria listed below, refer to the electrical equipment in compliance with IEC/EN 60079. The equipment choice according to the regulations IEC/EN 60079 should be proceeded: in relation to the equipment protection level (EPL) according to areas in which it is intended to be installed; in relation to the protection method, depending on the equipment type and its functionality in the plant system (if it is a power equipment, signal equipment, if it has moving parts, etc.) and on the EPL; in relation to the Ex equipment classification: gas group, dust group, temperature class (Gases), maximum surface temperature (Dusts); in relation to the ignition risk different from high temperatures and electrical sparks: radiant energy, ultrasounds, sparks due to friction or mechanical impact, electrostatic discharges, etc.
DIRECTIVE 94/9/EC
GROUP I Category M1 M2 Category GROUP II gases 1 2 3 0 1 2 Conditions of functioning Operating in the presence of explosive atmosphere Not operating in the presence of explosive atmosphere ZONE dusts 20 21 22
Ex CONSTRUCTIONS
EPL
PROTECTION METHOD (Ex nA, Ex nR, Ex d, Ex e, ecc.)
ANALYSIS OF IGNITION SOURCES OF INSTALLATION (friction/spark originated mechanically due to construction materials, electrostatic discharge, etc.)
Electrical equipment selection
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4.1.1 Information and necessary data To make the right choice of electrical equipment, it is necessary to gather precise information regarding: documentation concerning the classification of areas (zones 0, 20, 1, 21, 2, 22) prepared in accordance with the directive IEC/EN 60079-10 (part 1 for gases and part 2 per dusts), from which it is possible to derive type and extension of areas, type of substance that affects the classified areas and other information needed to design the electrical system; equipment protection level; classification of the gas that affects each hazardous area in terms of the maximum ignition temperature (temperature class); classification of the gas that affects each hazardous area in terms of the group to which it belongs (IIA, IIB, IIC); ignition temperature of the dust layer which originates the hazardous zone; ignition temperature of the cloud of dust which originates the hazardous zone; classification of the dust that affects each hazardous area in terms of the group to which it belongs (IIIA, IIIB, IIIC); maximum and minimum environmental temperature; external influences.
Example of area classification in a paint booth, with identification of Emission Sources
Code SE16 SE17 SE18
Description Paint gun Paint gun Painted piece
Location In the paint booth In the paint booth In the paint booth
Emission degree(s) P P P
Temperature T in the beginning of emission (K) 298 298 298
Pressure P in the beginning of emission (Pa) 701300 701300 101300
Emission modality G G PL
Ventilation Type AG AG AG Degree VM VM VM Availability Good Good Good
Hazardous zone Type Zone 1IIA T1 Zone 1IIA T1 Zone 1IIA T1 Extension a 0,33 0,33 2 b 0,8 c -
Example of area classification in a paint booth: table related to information about zones originated by SE, with the highlighted gases/vapours classification (group and class of temperature)
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4.1.2 Selection in relation to the Hazardous Zone The choice in relation to the hazardous zone is made in relation to the required protection level for the considered zone (EPL), to which the equipment classification Atex 94/9/EC does correspond. Depending on the equipment type, or rather its functionality in the plant system and according to the EPL, it is possible to choose the protection method.
Zone Equipment protection level (EPL) Equipment classification ATEX 94/9/EC
0 1 2 20 21 22
Ga Ga o Gb Ga o Gb o Gc Da Da o Db Da o Db o Dc
II 1G II 2G II 3G II 1D II 2D II 3D
Choice of protection level and marking 94/9/EC in relation to the zone
4.1.3 Choice in relation to the Ex equipment group Once the equipment protection level and appropriate protection method are selected, it is needed to excerpt from the hazardous area classification the information regarding the substance that causes the explosion hazard. In particular it needs to be taken into account the substance grouping (gases, vapours or combustible dusts) that caused the formation of the hazardous atmosphere. Since the Ex equipment is divided in the same way as substances, the choice should be made in relation to the group to which the equipment (after choosing the EPL and protection method) belongs.
Area subdivision for gases/vapours or dusts (grouping of substances) Approved equipment group
IIA IIB IIC IIIA IIIB IIIC
IIA, IIB o IIC IIB o IIC IIC IIIA, IIIB o IIIC IIIB o IIIC IIIC
Relation between subdivision gases/vapours or dusts and electrical equipment group
It needs to be underlined that for some protection methods the equipment requirements do not depend on the grouping of substances that are the source of explosive atmosphere. There can be quoted some examples: - Ex nA and Ex e: gas atmosphere can enter the enclosure and come into contact with internal components. The protection is implemented by the components that are non-sparking and with non-hazardous surface temperatures. The grouping of gases (in relation to the minimum ignition energy and intersices of constructions) does not influence the design and type tests. - Ex nR: gas atmosphere does not enter the enclosure for a limited time in accordance with the definition of zone 2. This protection by enclosure is not affected by the gas grouping (in relation to the minimum ignition energy) and does not influence the design and type tests.
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4.1.4 Choice in relation to the environmental temperature The maximum surface temperature that the equipment reaches during normal operation, in the presence of the first fault or in the presence of rare fault (according to the required protection level), should be declared by the manufacturer. By means of the marking equipment, the maximum surface temperature is defined by temperature classification, if the hazardous atmosphere due to presence of gas/vapour, or through the value expressed in degrees Celsius (C) if the hazardous atmosphere is caused by the presence of combustible dust. The maximum surface temperature declared in marking is determined from laboratory tests (type tests) according to the environmental temperature declared suitable for the equipment. Other features of constructions are determined by a certain environmental temperature interval, as for example thermic resistance, mechanical resistance to impact, etc., of enclosures. In general, both type tests of the general part of the directive (IEC/EN 60079-0), and type tests of specific protection method are conducted in the environmental temperature interval stated by the manufacturer of the equipment. Moreover, if the environmental temperature is included in the interval 20 C Ta + 40 C, it is not required to mark it: it is considered as a normal condition of environmental temperature. Otherwise marking represents the maximum and minimum environmental temperature. In conclusion, each piece of equipment is appropriate to operate in environmental temperature interval defined by the manufacturer. The designer/installer needs to choose equipment, which has a protection level, protection method, gases/ vapours or dusts grouping and its protection features in accordance with the minimum and maximum environmental temperature, in which it is meant to be installed. To perform an analysis it is necessary to take into consideration also the possible influence on temperature by others factors (e.g. temperature of the process or exposition to the solar radiation), where appropriate also through measures.
Choice of equipment in relation to the environmental temperature S
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4.1.5 Choice in relation to ignition temperature of gases The electrical equipment should be chosen in such a way that the maximum surface temperature is less than the ignition temperature of the gas. We have seen that gases are divided into temperature classes according to their ignition temperature. For this reason the directive IEC/EN 60079 regarding Ex equipment, implies that the manufacturer of the equipment intended for potentially explosive atmospheres due to gases or vapours, should establish the temperature class of the equipment from T1 to T6 according to the maximum surface temperature reached during operation and indicates it on the marking. Electrical designer chooses electrical equipment taking into consideration the temperature class of the gas, so that the T class of the appliance is inferior to the one of the gas. The classification should include the typology of substances that cause the creation of hazardous atmospheres, with the respective temperatures classes to which each substance belongs, in order to allow the designer of electrical plants (or to anyone else who interacts with the classified places) to make appropriate choices.
Ignition temperature of Gases of Vapours [C] Temperature classes acceptable for electrical equipment
Required temperature class
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
> 450 > 300 > 200 > 135 > 100 > 85
T1 T6 T2 T6 T3 T6 T4 T6 T5 T6 T6
Relation between the ignition temperature of gases or vapours and the temperature class acceptable for electrical equipment
4.1.6 Choice in relation to the ignition temperature of dusts We have seen that for dusts two different ignition temperatures are defined, depending on whether the dust is mixed with air in the cloud or is deposited in a layer. If a layer of dust that is deposited on device is not removed promptly, it tends to accumulate until it reaches a thickness from a millimeter up to a few hundred millimeters. The dust layer can lead to two types of risk: it can rise in a cloud when it is disturbed (and become the source of emission) or it can present a risk of fire. In the latter case, it happens that when the thickness of the layer increases there occur two consequences: 1) reduction of the minimum ignition temperature; 2) increases thermal insulation, with the possible consequence of an increase of temperatures of the equipment, even during normal operation, until it is possible to register maximum surface temperatures higher than those measured without the dust layer deposited on the surface.
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Possible effect of thermal insulation due to the dust layer
The maximum acceptable surface temperature of equipment is determined by the deduction of the margin of safety for the minimum ignition temperature of the dust cloud and for the minimum ignition temperature of the layer. The minimum ignition temperature of the layer cannot be a unique value, but it depends on the thickness of the layer, as it was mentioned above. For this reason, in the literature the ignition temperature of the layer is normally associated with a thickness of the layer, which is equal to 5 mm (T5 mm). On 30th September 2012 the directive EN 61241-1 (protection type tD for dusts) ceased to give presumption of conformity with the directive Atex 94/9/EC, replaced by the directive EN 60079-31, with the t protection method. The t protection method and the directive relating to it, were harmonized and published for the first time in 2010. One of the differences between protection methods tD and t consists in the fact that the first one had two different ways to reach the protection level required for the equipment. The first method, classified as a method A, was basically based on ensuring the IP protection degree of the enclosure which prevents from the penetration of dust. The second type, identified as method B, was based on dimensioning of the enclosure joints, so that their constructive features were sufficient to prevent the penetration of dust. The verification (type test) was not conducted in compliance with the IP protection degree, but through a duty cycle (heating-cooling) to be performed by the equipment immersed in a dust cloud: cooling creates the depression necessary to facilitate the ingress of dust into the enclosure. In the new t protection type, the methods A and B are combined into a single one that refers to the verification of the IP degree protection, against the penetration of dust in the enclosure. The most recent edition of the directive IEC/EN 60079-14 still refers to the protection type tD and to relative methods A and B. The protection method t will be introduced in the future edition of the directive. For this reason the rules to define the maximum surface temperature acceptable for an electrical equipment, require the confrontation of ignition temperatures of the level with: - 5 mm thick for the protection type tD, method A and for all others protection types for dusts; - 12,5 m thick for the protection type tD , method B. Method B of the directive EN 61241-1 included the definition of the maximum surface temperature of equipment, with the dust layer of 12,5 mm on the enclosure. To choose the electrical equipment it is necessary to define the maximum permissible temperature for the construction, determined as follows by comparison of maximum permissible surface temperatures for cloud and layer, choosing the lower one: Limit of temperature in presence of dust clouds Tmax = 2/3 TCL where TCL is the ignition temperature of the cloud
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Limit of temperature in presence of dust layers: 1) Layers of thickness up to 5 mm and more than 50 mm (for equipment with the protection types tD method A and all other protection types for dusts) up to 5 mm of thickness: Tmax = T5 mm 75 C more than 5 mm up to 50 mm of thickness In consequence the maximum permissible surface temperature needs to be reduced. The temperature is reduced according to a graphic that illustrates the permissible Tmax of the surface for the equipment that depends on the thickness of various curves provided according to the ignition temperature of the layer of 5 mm (starting from 250 C up to 400 C).
Correlation between the maximum accepted surface temperature and the thickness of dust layers
The directive formulates the definition of the minimum ignition temperature of the layer according to its thickness evaluated by laboratory tests and illustrates it with the semi-quantitative curve. 2) Dust layers of thickness up to 12,5 mm (only for equipment with the protection type tD method B) Tmax = T12,5 mm 25C where T12,5 mm is the ignition temperature of a dust layer of 12,5 mm
3) Inevitable dust layers: more than 50 mm for all protection types
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The directive IEC/EN 60079-0 states that the manufacturer can mark the equipment with the maximum surface temperature TL, determined with the enclosure covered by a dust layer of thickness L (mm) permissible for the equipment. If the equipment is marked with TL for the thickness of layer, ignition temperature of determined dust (from laboratory tests) with a layer of thickness L, needs to be applied to the formula in the paragraph 1), the first indent, in replacement of the temperature T5 mm. That is, the surface temperature of the electrical equipment needs to be inferior to the ignition temperature of the dust layer L, at least 75C. The maximum permissible temperature for an installation with the t protection type can be determined by applying the point 1 and 2 depending on whether the manufacturer declares or not, the maximum surface temperature for a layer of dust of thickness L. Once the maximum admissible temperature is determined, that is lower than temperatures determined for a cloud and layer, the equipment is chosen according to the temperature indicated on the marking of the installation:
The maximum surface temperature of the equipment indicated on the marking should be lower than the lowest one among the calculated Tmax.
4.2 External inuences External influences can have negative effects on the structural features of the electrical equipment, on which the protection method depends. In order to maintain the protection level of the equipment during its operation, it is essential to choose and install the electrical equipment in such a way that the environmental conditions cannot jeopardise the type of protection. There should be defined such conditions as: - pressure conditions; - chemical conditions; - mechanical conditions (risk of crash/falling); - vibration conditions; - thermal conditions; - humid conditions; - corrosion conditions. External conditions should be identified in any document that accompanies the plants life, from the design to the choice of equipment, from installation to periodic verifications. In particular, it is necessary to pay attention to restrictions on the use of the equipment, included in safety instructions, in relation to external influences. For example, if a construction has the X marking and it is to be certified with low mechanical risk (for example mechanical resistance to impact energies of 4 J instead of 7 J), it is required to evaluate closely the mechanical risk, to avoid impact that may cause damages to the enclosure of the equipment and invalidate the type of protection.
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Made in Italy for European Gas

The plant in Rotterdam, the biggest in Holland and the sixth in the world for its capacity, has been realized by jointventure Techint E&C Italia-SENER and by TSEV Consortium. Gate is one of the biggest terminals LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) in Europe, with initial productive capacity of 12 billion m/year and three storage tanks of 180.000 m. The terminal can satisfy natural gas requirements of all population of Netherlands and some part of Europe. The total value of the project is 800 million EUR. The terminal Gate has been nominated for The Project LNG of the Year by the European Construction Institute (ECI) and by the European Gas Conference Awards, the prize assigned by the organization of the international event in collaboration with the renowned editor Natural Gas Europe.
FACILITIES
INVESTMENT $800 MILLION
CAPACITY OF THE PLANT 12 BILLION M
AWARD LNG OF THE YEAR
Three storage tanks of 180.000 m
3.000 junction boxes of Palazzoli have been installed in the terminal of Rotterdam
LNG carrier that transports liquefied natural gas to terminal LNG ALUPRES-EX Series
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THE TERMINAL OF ROTTERDAM
ALUPRES-EX
Risks
All areas of the terminal are classified according to the ATEX directive (primarily Regulation EN60079-10) to guarantee an adequate selection of electrical plants and to reduce to a minimum possibility of eventual loss of combustible materials that may be triggered. The location in the port made possible to identify zone 2 (limited risk) and minimize the presence of zone 1 and zone 0 (the greatest risk).
Solutions: ALUPRES-EX series

3.000 junction boxes ALUPRES-EX are installed in the terminal of Rotterdam. Each box is equipped with brass cable glands IP68 EX e and terminals EX nA. Each box is predisposed to inner and outer earthing. The boxes meet the regulations EN60079-0, EN6007915, EN61241-1, EN60529. The qualification has been realized with the cooperation of the independent laboratory INTEK (certified TUV). The boxes have been 100% tested to guarantee the declared mode of protection ATEX. The whole plant has been certified by Bureau Veritas.
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GLOSSARY
Combustibility Combustive agent EPL ESR Explosibility Flash point Fuel Ignition sources IT LEL MIE SE Temperature of autoignition UEL
The dust combustibility is an attitude to burn in layer and is determined through laboratory tests. It is an oxidative agent, usually oxygen present in the air. ATEX Equipment Protection Level. Essential Safety Requirements that ATEX equipments have to respect in order to be used in hazardous areas. The dust explosibility is its capacity to explode in a cloud and is verified through laboratory tests. The lowest temperature at which a liquid can generate vapours in such a quantity as to generate an explosion. Substances in the form of gas, vapour, fog or dust. Any event (spark, flame, temperature, etc.) that is a source of energy. Ignition Temperature is the minimum temperature of a hot surface at which it can ignite. Lower Explosion Level: concentration of gas, vapour or dust, below which the atmosphere is not explosive. Minimum Ignition Energy: quantity of minimum energy that can ignite an explosive atmosphere. Sources of Emission: each point of an installation from which an inflammable substance can be emitted and mix with air in standard environmental conditions. The temperature of autoignition is the lowest temperature at which the combustiblecombustive mixture needs to be brought, so it ignites itself automatically. Upper Explosion Level: concentration of gas, vapour or dust, over which the atmosphere is not explosive.
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Palazzoli code 1EX 101021EX 101031EX 101041EX 101061EX 101151EX 101161EX 101181EX 112020EX 112030EX 112040EX 113020EX 113030EX 113040EX 150021EX 2EX 201151EX 201152EX 201156EX 202271EX 202275EX 202276EX 202282EX 261021EX 261433EX 261435EX 261445EX 272141EX 272142EX 272143EX 272144EX 272146EX 272147EX 272241EX 272242EX 272243EX 272244EX 272246EX 272247EX 272301EX 272302EX 272303EX 272304EX 272306EX 272307EX
Marks
Pack Catalogue Q.ty page 12 10 12 12 10 1 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 39 39 39 39 39 39 23 39 39 39 37 37 37 37 39 37 37 37 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 IECEx
Marks 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11
Pack Catalogue Q.ty page 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 33 33 33 33 33 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 17-18 17-18 17-18 17-18 17-18 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 14 14 14 14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 14
Marks 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11
Pack Catalogue Q.ty page 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13 13-14 13 13-14 13-14 13 17-18 17-18 17-18 17-18 17-18 17-18 17-18 17-18 17-18 17-18 17-18 18 18 18 18 17-18 17-18 17-18 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 13-14 17-18 17-18 17-18 17-18 17
Marks 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11
Pack Catalogue Q.ty page 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17-18 17 17-18 17 17-18 17 13-14 13-14 13-14 13 13-14 13 13-14 13 13-14 13-14 13 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 23 23 23 23 19
10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11
Mark legend: 10 =
ATEX 11 =
111
Marks 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Pack Catalogue Q.ty page 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 100 100 100 100 50 50 25 10 5 5 100 100 100 100 50 50 25 10 5 5 1 1 23 19 23 23 23 23 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 15-21 21 15-21 21 15-21 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 IECEx
Marks 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11
Pack Catalogue Q.ty page 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 50 50 50 20 20 20 10 5 50 50 50 20 20 20 10 5 50 50 50 20 20 20 10 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 27 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43
Palazzoli code 822211EX 822961EX 822962EX 830072EX 831072EX 831172EX 831272EX 9EX 900253EX 900263EX 900273EX 900453EX 900463EX 900473EX 4 478126 478136 478146 478206 478246 478306 5 532700 532701 532702 532703 532704 532705 532714 532715 532716 532717 532718 532836 538410 538421 538429 538800 538802 538804 540031 540061 540063 540065 540091
Marks 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11 10-11
Pack Catalogue Q.ty page 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 5 43 43 43 41 41 41 41 35 35 35 35 35 35 15-19 15-19 15-19 15-19 15-19 15-19 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 19 15-21 15 15 15 15 15 19 19-23 23 23 19
Palazzoli code 540180 540190 540195 541050 541055 571207 571209 571211 571213 571216 571221 571229 571236 571242 571248 581212 581216 581220 581225 581232 581240 581250 581263 582212 582216 582220 582225 582232 582240 582250 582263 8 820000 820001 820006 9 900449
Marks
Pack Catalogue Q.ty page 1 1 1 1 1 50 50 50 50 50 25 20 10 5 5 50 50 50 50 50 20 10 5 50 50 50 25 20 10 10 5 1 1 1 1 19-23 23 23 23 19-23 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 43 43 43 35
Mark legend: 10 =
ATEX 11 =
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GENERAL SALE AND SUPPLY TERMS

Palazzoli S.p.A. ELECTROTECHNIC INDUSTRY 25128 BREScIA - ItalY - Via F. Palazzoli, 31 telefono +39 030.2015.1 fax +39 030.2015.258 http://www.palazzoli.com E-mail: export@palazzoli.com Fully p.u. capital 5.096.000 Euro i.v. Fiscal code 04452750484 VAT code 03316260177 Brescia Chamber of C. N 356562 Reg. Brescia Court N 04452750484 Data code BS 058237
(Registered in Brescia 6 March 1956, N 9907, Mod. 2, Vol. 359, Private Acts) OFFERS - ESTIMATES - DESIGNS
1 - Prices and terms are binding only at the moment we accept the order with written conrmation. 2 - The terms and other commitments taken on by us with the offer are only valid if the order extends to everything that is included in the offer. 3 - Estimates, general projects, etc. attached to the offer are our exclusive property and thus may not be disclosed to others without our written approval. 4 - Any alteration to the offer and to these general supply terms must be in writing and limited to what has been explicitly agreed. WEIGHTS - DIMENSIONS - TECHNICAL DATA 5 - Estimates, plans, drawings and technical data given in the catalogues, price lists and offers are only approximate until such time as they are conrmed or replaced by denitive data, total or partial, at the moment of ordering. PRICES 6 - The prices and discounts in the price lists and offers may be subject to change depending on the requirements of the market or relating to variations in the costs of raw materials or manpower, without prior notice to customers. The prices given are ex-factory; transport, customs, duties, and rights of any nature are always to the customers charge, unless otherwise agreed in writing. PACKING AND TRANSPORT 7 - Returns are not accepted on packing. Under no circumstance, our company can be held liable for failed or irregular deliveries by carriers, and it is to be expressly understood that goods, even where, by special agreement, they are sold with free delivery or delivered to the customers domicile, will always travel at the buyers full risk. Any return of goods must be authorised beforehand by our company and arrive free of all expense in the warehouse of our factory. DELIVERY TERMS 8 - The delivery terms agreed on are approximate and not binding and, under the clause providing unsold for goods signalled as being ready, it is intended to be valid only in normal work and supply conditions. In no circumstance and for no reason will our company be held liable to make a reimbursement for any direct or indirect damage due to delays in delivery. PAYMENT 9 - The payment conditions must be agreed in writing or, otherwise, they are understood to be for the net amount in cash at the moment of delivery of the goods. In the case of delayed payment, the customer undertakes to pay interest at an average market rate applied by the Bank, increased by 4%. If the buyer does not comply with, even only partly, any of the agreed conditions for collecting the goods or for the regular payment of single invoices, our company has the option of immediately interrupting further deliveries and to consider itself released from any contractual commitment, but maintaining all rights regarding the buyers failure to comply with the contract. Unless otherwise expressly agreed, payments must always be made directly to our company. CLAIMS 10 - Any claims regarding goods supplied must reach us within 12 days of delivery of the same, after which time they will not be accepted. Any claim must be based on rm data in order to be taken into consideration. We reserve the option of taking back or replacing goods that the customer demonstrates to us to be defective, but we will not acknowledge any payment made for repairs or exchange which have been done without our authorisation. It is to remain understood that any claims put forward on single parts of the order will not affect the rest of the order or undertaking, nor the payment for goods received without objection. WARRANTIES 11 - The warranties that we adopt for material manufactured by us will last 12 months from the date of the invoice concerned. It is understood that, during this period, we undertake to repair or replace free of charge in our workshop those parts or devices which, by defect in manufacture or materials, are seen to be unusable. Nonetheless, we reserve the right to decide in our sole opinion, if it is better to repair or to replace them. We shall not send our staff on site for inspection purposes of places where our equipment has been used in systems, apart from those cases where it is necessary to check the operating conditions to which our equipment has been subject. 12 - Our warranty has natural effect only if the apparatus has been perfectly installed and managed, they have not been tampered with or modied, and all the technical regulations contained in our catalogues and instruction sheets have been followed. The warranty does not cover those items which, by the nature of the material of which the items are made or due to their specic use, are subject to earlyar, and in the same way, breakdowns due to normal wear and tear are excluded. 13 - The customer must give written notice of faults and defects detected, with a precise report on their nature. We undertake to repair or replace the item, within a reasonable period, as per the above mentioned circumstances and terms. Material to repair or replace must be returned to us free of charge. 14 - Our company, with the repair or replacement of items or parts which were defective, is to be considered released of all further liability. Moreover, the customer must, by way of this, consider himself satised and waive any request for damages and expenses. In particular cases we may permit the customer to provide for repair or replacement himself, with our only obligation being to reimburse the out-of-pocket expenses acknowledged as being essential for putting our equipment into working condition. 15 - If there should be a dispute of a technical nature, the parties will obtain the opinion of an inspector to be nominated by agreement or, if there is a dispute over the nomination, then the person will be appointed by the presiding judge of Brescia Court. 16 - We will not accept any costs that the buyer has incurred, not even during the warranty period, without our prior written agreement. 17 - Our company reserves the right to use, in the manufacture of its equipment, any material that it deems suitable and to make any changes in shape, weight or dimensions in its products that it feel appropriate. DISPUTES 18 - The contracts, even if stipulated with foreign companies or persons or for material supplied abroad, are governed by current Italian law. The competent court will only be that of Brescia notwithstanding articles 31 (et seq.) of the Italian Civil Procedure Code, thereby excluding the customer possibility of having recouse to Judicial Authorities of any other place, even for investigations or in any connection with the case, but permitting the supplying company the option of taking legal proceedings, as a plaintiff, in the customer place of residence, in Italy or abroad. 19 - Any disputes do not release the customer from complying with the payment terms and do not imply any extension to the times agreed.
Palazzoli reserves the right to modify or improve the product at any time without prior notice.
All rights reserved in all countries, in particular the right to translate, to store electronically, to reproduce or to adapt totally or partially. No liability will be assumed for any damages that may arise from the use of this data. Palazzoli S.p.A. 25128 BRESCIA - ITALY - Via F. Palazzoli, 31
113
INSTALLATION
MARINE
AUTOMATION
A T E X
Palazzoli S.p.A.
Via F. Palazzoli, 31 - 25128 Brescia - Italy Tel. +39 030 2015.1 - Fax +39 030 2015.258 www.palazzoli.com - export@palazzoli.com
55464

Catalog ATEX 2013

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Catalog ATEX 2013

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ATEX

Solutions for explosive atmospheres

IMQ 07 ATEXQ 001

Solutions for each application requirement

Dust and Gas

Impact test tested at +10 C 15 C and -5 C 10 C of the maximum service temperature.

IPXX protection degree test (dust and water).

Guaranteed quality and made in Italy

Palazzoli range for ATEX zones

DUST ZONE 21 ZONE 22

Enclosures in aluminium alloy

Cable glands and ttings

PLUGS AND INTERLOCKED SOCKET-OUTLETS

INTERLOCKED SOCKET-OUTLETS IN THERMOSETTING (GRP) IN ALUMINIUM ALLOY

ENCLOSURES AND CABLE GLANDS

CABLE GLANDS AND FITTINGS

CONTROL AND SIGNALLING DEVICES

ROTARY CONTROL DEVICES IN THERMOSETTING (GRP) IN ALUMINIUM ALLOY

SIRENS AND BELLS FOR ALARM AND SIGNALLLING

SMALL CONTROL DEVICES

SMALL CONTROL DEVICES AND ENCLOSURES

LIGHTING FIXTURES IN ALUMINIUM ALLOY

LIGHTING FIXTURES IN STAINLESS STEEL

Planning and Installation

ATEX - PLANNING AND INSTALLATION

CEE-EX Series Zone 2, 21, 22

GAS ZONE Usable 0 1 2 X 20

2P+Q 16 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 32 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 63 3P+Q 3P+N+Q

ATEX PROTECTION TYPE

Certificates can be downloaded from the website www.palazzoli.com

PLUGS AND INTERLOCKED SOCKET-OUTLETS

SUITABLE FOR ZONE 2 (GAS) AND 21-22 (DUST)

CEE-EX SERIES Low voltage watertight straight plugs 50-60Hz IP66

Rated current (A)

Rated voltage (V)

CEE-EX SERIES Low voltage watertight straight plugs 50-60Hz IP66

Rated current (A)

Rated voltage (V)

230 63 400 400 500

3P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 3P+Q

477317EX 477417EX 477427EX 477517EX

TAIS-EX Series Zone 2, 21, 22

GAS ZONE Usable 0 1 2 X 20

Rated operating current - isolator switch:

Thermal current Ith

ATEX PROTECTION TYPE

Certificates can be downloaded from the website www.palazzoli.com

PLUGS AND INTERLOCKED SOCKET-OUTLETS

SUITABLE FOR ZONE 21-22 (DUST)

Rated current (A)

Rated voltage (V)

Rated current (A)

Rated voltage (V)

110 110 110 230 16

110 110 110 16

2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q

3P+N+Q 3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q 3P+N+Q

Rated current (A)

Rated voltage (V)

230 400 400 230 400 400 400 400

3P+N+Q 2P+Q 3P+Q 3P+Q

467126EX 467136EX 467146EX 470226EX 470236EX 470246EX 470336EX 470346EX

SUITABLE FOR ZONE 2 (GAS)

Rated current (A)