Code No: R050212202 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
SENSORS & SIGNALS CONDITIONING
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Define the terms (i) Precision (ii) Dead space (iii) Hysteresis (iv) Resolution.
(b) An RC circuit consists of 10mF in series with a resistors of 5KW. A D.C
voltage of 25 volts is suddenly applied across the circuit. Calculate the value
of voltage after(i) 4 msec. (ii) 25 msec. [8+8]

2. (a) What are the main factors considered for lead arrangement an RTD? Explain
any one briefly
(b) A Describe the working and construction of resistance thermometers. Describe
the materials used for RTDs along with their properties. Sketch this typical
characteristic curve. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the principle of resistance measurement with Substitution method.

(b) A modified form of Wheatstone bridge is shown in figure 1 . Calculate the
value of unknown resistance, Rx , if Ra = 1200Ω , Ra = 1600 Rb , R1 =
800Rb , R1 = 1.25 R2 andR3 =0.5 Rb are the resistance values under balanced
conditions.
[8+8]

Figure 1:

4. (a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of a capacitive transducer?

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Code No: R050212202 Set No. 1
(b) Explain in detail the working of inductive transducers operating on the prin-
ciple of eddy currents? [8+8]

5. (a) How variable oscillators are classified. Explain any one of them.
(b) Explain the working of Hay’s Bridge with the help of necessary equations also
state any one of its application. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain the theory of radiation pyrometers.

(b) Describe the different radiation receiving elements. [8+8]

7. (a) What is an amplifier. Draw the circuit symbol of op-amp and derive an equa-
tion for its output voltage.
(b) List the ideal characteristics of op-amp. [10+6]

8. (a) Explain the principle of working of SAW-device thermometer? Draw the char-
acteristics.
(b) Write short notes on magneto diodes. [8+8]

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Code No: R050212202 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
SENSORS & SIGNALS CONDITIONING
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) A first order instrument which has a time constant of 0.5 sec. is subjected to
an input of 2 sin 3t 5 sin 30t fine the response of the instrument
(b) Define the terms i. Precision ii. Dead space, iii. Hysteresis iv. Resolution.
[8+8]

2. (a) Define gauge factor Gf for an electrical strain gauge. Compare the character-
istics of metallic and semi conductor type strain gauges
(b) Explain with the aid of a circuit diagram the principle of operation of a strain
measurement system with temperature compensation technique [8+8]

3. (a) Describe the ammeter - voltmeter method of measurement of resistance with

neat diagram?
(b) Describe the operation of the Wheatstone bridge? [8+8]

4. (a) Explain the proximity type inductance transducer for motion measurement.
(b) A capacitive transducer consists of two plates of diameter 2 cm each, separated
by an air gap of 0.25 mm. Find the displacement sensitivity. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain how variable oscillators are classified. Explain working of any one of
them.
(b) How resolver to digital converters are constructed. Explain its working.[8+8]

6. (a) Derive the expression for impulse response of piezo-electric transducers.

(b) A pulse is applied to a piezo-electric transducer for a time T. Prove that in
order to keep the undershoot to a value within 5%, the value of time constant
should be approximately 20T. [8+8]

7. (a) What is an amplifier. Draw the circuit symbol of op-amp and derive an equa-
tion for its output voltage.
(b) List the ideal characteristics of op-amp. [10+6]

8. (a) Explain the principle of working of SAW-device thermometer? Draw the char-
acteristics.
(b) Explain the principle of working of Quartz crystal thermometer? [8+8]

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Code No: R050212202 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
SENSORS & SIGNALS CONDITIONING
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define accuracy and precision of a measuring instruments with suitable exam-
ples.
(b) Derive the expression for frequency response of a second order system. Draw
the magnitude and phase versus frequency plots for damping ratio smaller
than 0.707. [8+8]

2. (a) Give the advantage of digital methods in measuring angular velocity over
electromechanical methods.
(b) Explain the measurement of angular velocity using photo electric tachometer.
Also give advantage and disadvantage of the method. [8+8]

3. (a) Derive the expression for bridge sensitivity for a Wheatstone bridge with equal
arms,also find the expression for current through the galvanometer for a small
unbalance.
(b) A Wheatstone bridge is connected for a Varley Loop test as shown in fig 1.
when the switch is in position 1, the bridge is balanced with R1 = 1000Ω, R2 =
2000Ω , R3 = 100Ω . When switch is in position 2, the bridge is balanced with
R1 = 1000Ω, R2 = 2000Ω, and R3 = 99Ω. If the resistance of the earthed wire
is 0.15 km, how many metres from the bridge has the ground fault occurred?
[10+6]

Figure 1:

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Code No: R050212202 Set No. 3
4. (a) How are synchros useful in error detection and correction in a servo control
system.
(b) What do you understand by a dynamic error of a synchro system. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain the construction and working of resolver to digital converters.

(b) With the help of neat sketch explain the construction and working of digital
to resolver converters. [8+8]

6. (a) Derive the expressions for frequency response characteristics of piezo-electric

transducers.
(b) Describe the uses of piezo-electric materials and transducers. [8+8]

7. (a) With a schematic diagram, explain the operation of Instrumentation amplifier.

(b) List the characteristics of Instrumentation amplifier. [10+6]

8. (a) Explain the principle of working of SAW-device thermometer? Draw the char-
acteristics.
(b) Write short notes on magneto diodes. [8+8]

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Code No: R050212202 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
SENSORS & SIGNALS CONDITIONING
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define and derive expression for the following for a second order system. (i)
Resonant frequency (ii) Resonant peak (iii) Bandwidth
(b) A second order system has a natural frequency of 10Hz and a damping ration
of 0.3. Calculate the value of resonant frequency and the magnitude ratio at
this frequency. Calculate the bandwidth. [8+8]
2. (a) Give the advantage of digital methods in measuring angular velocity over
electromechanical methods.
(b) Explain the measurement of angular velocity using photo electric tachometer.
Also give advantage and disadvantage of the method. [8+8]
3. (a) With neat diagram explain the differential instrumentation amplifier using
Transducer Bridge.
(b) Define the term null as it applies to bridge measurement? [10+6]

4. (a) Is it possible to measure relative humidity by means of a capacitive transducer?

Show how the capacitance variation is measured.
(b) Explain how moisture content in grain, and granulated powder can be mea-
sured by means of a capacitive transducer. [8+8]
5. Explain the differential pressure measurement using inductive transducer in com-
bination with a bridge. Derive an expression for the output voltage of the bridge.
[16]
6. (a) A pulse is applied to a piezo-electric transducers for a time T. Prove tat in
order to keep the under shoot to a value within 5% the value of the constant
should be approximately 20T.
(b) What is photo resistor? Explain briefly. [8+8]
7. (a) With a block diagram explain the operation of Chopper amplifier
(b) How the frequency response limitation of Chopper amplifier is overcome.[10+6]
8. (a) Write short notes on Magneto transistors.
(b) Give the important features and applications of vibrating wire arc weldable
strain gauge. [8+8]

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