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AMERICAN HISTORY

The population of American colonists reaches 475,000. Boston (pop. 12,000) is the largest city, followed by Philadelphia (pop. 10,000) and New York (pop. 7000).

The first American public library is founded in Philadelphia by Benjamin Franklin.

England declares war on Spain. As a result, in America, hostilities break out between Florida Spaniards and Georgia and South Carolina colonists.

The French and Indian War erupts as a result of disputes over land in the Ohio River Valley. In May, George Washington leads a small group of American colonists to victory over the French, then builds Fort Necessity in the Ohio territory.

England declares war on France, as the French and Indian War in the colonies now spreads to Europe.

The population of colonists in America reaches 1,500,000. In March, much of Boston is destroyed by a raging fire. In September, Quebec surrenders to the English. In October, George III becomes the new English King.

YEAR AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE Photos

1720 1731 1739 1754 1756 1760 GEORGIAN STYLE (1690-1800): adapted from English architecture. Feature simple exterior lines, dignified appearances, and symmetry. Centrally located front doors, small plane windows, and gable or hip rooms. May feature a balustrade. Tall chimney at both ends of the structure. See Mount Vernon.

The French and Indian War, known in Europe as the Seven Year's War, ends with the Treaty of Paris. Under the treaty, France gives England all French territory east of the Mississippi River, except New Orleans. The Spanish give up east and west Florida to the English in return for Cuba. 1763

Library Company

Mount Vernon, 1743

Fort Necessity

SOURCE

http://eduscapes.com/history/modern/17 00.htm

http://www.architectureweek.com/cgibin/awimage?dir=2002/ 0327&article=culture_11.html&image=11758_image_1.jpg

http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_bo oks/hh/19/hh19f.htm

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Quartering Act Patrick Henry presents requires seven Virginia Resolutions colonists to to the House of Burgesses house British Also in May, the first troops and medical school in America supply them is founded, in Philadelphia, with food. shown below. 1765 GEORGIAN STYLE (1690-1800 English Parliament passes the Declaratory Act 1766 San Diego is founded by Franciscan Friar Juniper Serra. Below: photo of the San Diego Mission Home. 1769 The Boston Tea Party New 1765 Quartering Act is enacted by the English Parliament April 19 on Lexington Green in Massachusetts: An unordered 'shot heard around the world' begins the American Revolution. 1775 The Second Continental Congress enacts a resolution declaring independence from the British Empire, and then approves (July 4) the written Declaration of Independence. 1776

1773

1774

FEDERAL STYLE (1780-1840)

http://hdl.library.upenn.edu/1017/d/archives/20040114012

http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13232/13232-h/13232-h.htm

http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Monticello.html

The Supreme Court of Massachusetts abolishes slavery in that state.

The Treaty of Paris is ratified by Congress passes Congress enacts the Northwest New York City is Georgetown On the balcony of New Congress. The Revolutionary War the Land Ordinance, transforming chosen by Congress University, the first York's Federal Hall, George officially ends. Ordinance of 1785 territories into states, five of to be the temporary Catholic college in the Washington, at age 57, is Russians establish their first which are north of the Ohio seat of the new U.S. U.S., is founded by sworn in as the first settlement in Alaska, on Kodiak River. The Ordinance includes a government. Father John Carroll. President of the United Island. Bill of Rights States. 1783 1784 1785 1787 1788 1789 GEORGIAN STYLE (1690-1800) FEDERAL STYLE (1780-1840): Developed from interest in American style following the Revolution. Features a box-like shape, symmetrical design, and at least 2 stories high. May have had a portico and pediment. See picture of New York Federal Hall. Adam Style: Italian perspective of the Federal Style, introduced swags, garland, urns, and other motifs. Also featured Palladian windows. Example: Oval Office windows. Early Classical Revival: Early inclusion of Greek and Italian influence. Most famous example is Monticello, home of Thomas Jefferson, started in 1769 and finished 1782. His style is known as Roman Neoclassicism. Features a large portico, columns, and a triangular pediment gable. Dome added in 1800.

House in Alaska http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/nhl/russianamerica/sec3.htm

First building at Georgetown University http://www.library.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/miami.htm

Federal Hall http://1.bp.blogspot.com/f3lB0ELDnKw/TtGjpXhAriI/AAAAAAAABc8/NS_P 6tUc8UI/s400/Federal-Hall-Tourist-Attraction-2.jpg

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A Census Act is passed by Congress. The first census indicates a total population of nearly 4 million persons in the U.S. and western territories. African Americans make up 19%. Native Americans were not counted. 1790 GEORGIAN STYLE (1690-1800) FEDERAL STYLE (1780-1840) The largest American city is Philadelphia, with 42,000 persons, followed by New York (33,000) Boston (18,000) Charleston (16,000) and Baltimore (13,000). The House of Representatives votes to locate the national capital on a 10 squaremile site along the Potomac The U. S. capital is moved from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C. Louisiana Purchase January 18. Madison seized the province of West Florida from Spain War of 1812 British burn Capitol building in Washington Below: portrait of White House after being burned

1800

1803

1808

1812

1814

SOUTHERN COLONIAL (1800s)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USCapitol1800.j pg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_Capitol_181 4c.jpg

Missouri Compromise

Erie Canal completed

Underground Railroad established

Oberlin College founded in Ohio (admitted blacks; by 1860 1/3 of students were black)

Texas declares independence from Mexico

Oregon organized as territory Below: portrait of Portland, Oregon

1820 1825 1830 1832 1835 1848 FEDERAL STYLE (1780-1840) SOUTHERN COLONIAL (1800s): Features a large two- or three-story brick or frame building of symmetrical design. Two-story columns line the entire front. May have a hip or gable roof. Dormers, shutters, and a belvedere are often included. Famous example: Tara from Gone With the Wind GREEK REVIVAL (1825-1860): Ancient Greek architecture embraced. Features a 2-story entry porch across the entire front, columns, and a large triangular gable with a pediment. Structures are symmetrical with bold moldings and heavy cornices. Many government buildings portray this style. VICTORIAN (1837-1901)

Compromise of 1850 admits California as free state 1850

http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/fimage/linc olnimages/shewey077.jpg

http://www.agclassroom.org/gan/timelin e/1820.htm

http://www.ohiohistorycentral.or g/w/Oberlin_College?rec=775

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ of_the_Alamo

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Por tland_Oregon_in_1853.jpg

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Compromise Of California Henry Bessemer Oregon South April 12 - Fort Sumter Fired On, Morrill Act April 9 Lee Surrenders 1850 Admits Encourages Chinese Invents Process Admitted Carolina Surrenders Public Lands Set 14 Lincoln Shot, Dies Next Day. California As Free To Immigrate And That Allows As State Secedes - April 17 Virginia Secedes Aside For State May Remaining Confederate Armies State But Fugitive Work On Railroads Mass Production - May The Remaining Four Of The Colleges Surrender. Slave Law Enacted Of Steel Eleven Confederate States Secede. End Of Civil War 1850 1852 1856 1859 1860 1861 1862 1864 GREEK REVIVAL (1825-1860) SOUTHERN COLONIAL (1800s) VICTORIAN (1837-1901): Named for Queen Victoria. Style included the following styles: Italianate, Gothic Revival (wood and masonry), American Second Empire (Mansard style), Stick style (aka Carpenter Gothic), Richardsonian Romanesque, Eastlake Victorian, and Queen Anne. Main feature is the abundance of decorative trim. Machine-made trim signified prosperity and high style. Some trim became known as Gingerbread. Also features high porches, roofs with steep gables, tall windows, high ceilings, dark stairways, long halls, and turrets.

Southern States Jim Crow Readmitted To Union Laws 1868 1875 SOUTHERN COLONIAL (1800s) VICTORIAN (1837-1901)

Washington Admitted As State 1889

Gold Standard Act 1900

Wright Brothers First Flight Department Of Commerce And Labor 1903

Worlds Fair St. Louis 1904

San Francisco Earthquake 1906

Ford Model T 1908

RMS Titanic 1912

World War I - Europe 1914

MODERN STYLE (1900-1980s) PRAIRIE STYLE (1893-1920) This style was created by famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Features a low-pitched roof, overhanging eaves, a central chimney, open floor plan, and emphasizes horizontal lines. Many are two-story structures. Materials may include wood, stone, plaster, and other nature-derived materials. ARTS AND CRAFTS (1905-1930) This style usually features a low-pitched roof, wide eaves with triangular brackets, exposed roof rafters, porch with thick columns, exterior chimney, open floor plans, numerous windows, and beamed ceilings. BUNGALOW (1905-1930) The bungalow began in British-ruled India. In America, the bungalow features a low-rise single or one-and-a-half story structure, a veranda, sloping roof, and are relatively small.

Southern Colonial House. http://campbellproperties.com/Home-Styles

Bishops House in Galveston, Texas. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colonel_Walter_Gresham_Hous e,_1402_Broadway,_Galveston_(Galveston_County,_Texas).jpg

Prairie home, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1910. http://architecture.about.com/od/franklloydwright/ig/Frank-LloydWright/Robie-House.htm

Typical Arts and Crafts style home http://img2-2.timeinc.net/toh/i/g/13/ exteriors/08-craftsman-colors/10craftsman-color.jpg

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U.S. Enters World War I President Roosevelt establishes the New Deal Social German Airship World War Dust Bowl begins Security Hindenburg II Starts In Farm Credit Administration Federal Housing Act Burns In New Europe Home Owners Loan Corporation Administration Jersey National Industrial Recovery Act 1934 - Indian 21st Amendment, Ending Prohibition Reorganization Act 1917 1918 1929 1931 1933 1934 1935 1937 1939 MODERN STYLE (1900-1980s) Ornamentation and sentimentality replaced by clean lines and superior function. PRAIRIE STYLE (1893-1920) ARTS AND CRAFTS (1905-1930) BUNGALOW (1905-1930) RANCH (1920s late 1900s) INTERNATIONAL STYLE (1900s) The main three principles of international design are: the expression of volume over mass, emphasis on balance rather than symmetry, and simplicity. By the 1920s, the style had utilized glass, steel, and concrete as preferred materials. The typical International high-rise consists of a square or rectangular base, simple cubic form, windows running in broken horizontal rows in grid formation, and 90-degree angles. Worst of depression almost 25% unemployed Empire State Building Opens In New York City. World War I Ends Stock Market Crashes, Depression Begins

Typical American Bungalow.

http://www.americanbungalow.com/wpcontent/uploads/2010/02/furr.png

http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/w wii/jb_wwii_empire_1.html

Example of a ranch style home.

http://www.zillow.com/blog/research/2013/03/12/home-architecture-style-regional-or-not/

Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor U.S. Declares War On Japan - Hitler Declares War On U.S.

Atomic Bombs Dropped - Japan Surrenders

1941 1945 1950 1954 1955 1957 1958 1959 1960 MODERN STYLE (1900-1980s) RANCH (1920s late 1900s) - The ranch house features a long single-story structure, a low roofline, simple floor plans, an attached garage, large windows, large overhanging eaves, and has minimal exterior and interior decoration. The ranch style hit its peak during the 1950s, popular with post-war, middle-class families, especially in the western states. INTERNATIONAL STYLE (1900s) CONTEMPORARY

NATO Established - U.N. Headquarters Sited In New York. -Department Of War Becomes Department Of Defense 1949

U.S. Bars Trade With Communist China - Korean War Starts

Brown v. Board of Education

Montgomery Bus Boycott - U.S. Supreme Court Orders Immediate Desegregation Of Schools

Congress Passes Civil Rights Act Prohibiting Discrimination In Public.

Soviets Launch Sputnik - First Trans-Atlantic Jet Passenger Service.

Alaska And Hawaii Become States

Lunch Counter Sit Ins Begin In South Beginning Of Civil Rights Movement

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- 400,000 Attend Amendment Vietnam War Ends The Environmental Immigration Act Of 1965 Department Of Housing And Urban Civil Rights Act Of 1968, Woodstock 26 Lowers - Nixon Resigns Peace Protection Agency Development (HUD) Voting Rights Act The Fair - Yale, Bowdoin And Voting Age - Arab Oil Embargo; Corps The Occupational Department Of Transportation Medicaid And Medicare Housing Act Colgate Admit Women To 18 Gasoline Prices Berlin Safety And Health Traffic & Motor Vehicle Safety Act Higher Education Act Of 1965 -Apollo 11 Skyrocket Wall Act 1961 1965 1966 1968 1969 1970 1971 1973 MODERN STYLE (1900-1980s) RANCH (1920s late 1900s) INTERNATIONAL STYLE (1900s) CONTEMPORARY Generally feature a wide variation in ceiling heights, very tall windows with large glass panes, open floor plans, unusual use of shapes and spaces. Exterior architecture features high rooflines and tall windows. May utilize innovative design, such as energy efficient power and appliances, natural materials, and simplistic design.

Example of a Contemporary Home http://www.eplans.com/house-plans/epl/hwepl76340.html?from=search

Restrictions Ronald A Hotel Walkway Removed On Reagan Collapses In Kansas City, Holding Elected Missouri, Killing 114 Private Gold President And Injuring Over 200; Within The Deadliest Structural United Collapse To Occur In States The United States 1974 1980 1981 MODERN STYLE (1900-1980s) RANCH (1920s late 1900s) INTERNATIONAL STYLE (1900s) CONTEMPORARY

Country Music Singer Willie Nelson Organizes The First Farm Aid, To Raise Money For Family Farmers Facing Financial Crisis 1985

Tax Reform Act Of 1986

Severe Droughts And Massive Heat Wave Grip The Midwest And Rocky Mountain States. The Crisis Reaches Its Peak With The Yellowstone Fires Of 1988. 1988

Fall Of The Berlin Wall In Germany 1989

The World Wide Web Is Publicly Debuted As An Internet Service -Cold War Ends As The USSR Dissolves. 1991

Oklahoma City Bombing Kills 168 And Wounds 800. The Bombing Is The Worst Domestic Terrorist Incident In U.S. History 1995

1986

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President Clinton is impeached Two teenage students murder 13 other students and teachers at Columbine High School. George Bush Becomes President 2000 September 11th terrorist attacks; 19 terrorists hijack four planes and crash them into the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania killing nearly 3,000 people and injuring over 6,000. 2001 Department of Homeland Security 2002 Crackdown on building, fire, and safety code violations across the United States 2003 The social networking website Facebook launched. 2004 Hurricane Katrina devastates the Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama coastlines killing at least 1,836 people and causing $81 billion in damage, making it the costliest natural disaster in U.S. history. 2005

1998-1999 1999 INTERNATIONAL STYLE (1900s) RANCH (1920s late 1900s) CONTEMPORARY

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/WTC_smoking_on_9-11.jpeg

The I-35W Mississippi River Hurricane Ike kills 100 people along the Texas Bridge in Minneapolis, coast, produces $31 billion in damage, and Minnesota collapses. The contributes to rising oil prices. bridge collapse brings to Global financial crisis in September national attention the need to 2008 begins as the stock market crashes. In rehabilitate the aging U.S. response, U.S. President George W. Bush infrastructure system signs the revised Emergency Economic The late-2000s recession Stabilization Act into law to create a 700 officially begins in December. billion dollar Treasury fund to purchase failing bank assets. 2007 2008 CONTEMPORARY

The Deepwater Horizon oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico explodes, spilling millions of gallons of oil into the sea. The spill became the worst oil spill in American history. 2010

A tornado A tornado devastates devastates Joplin, Joplin, Missouri, killing 154 and Missouri, killing injuring 1,000, making it the 154 and injuring deadliest single U.S. tornado 1,000, making it since the advent of modern the deadliest single weather forecasting. U.S. tornado since A gunman kills 26, including 20 the advent of children at the Sandy Hook modern weather Elementary School in Newtown, forecasting Connecticut. 2011 2012

A tornado devastates
suburbs near Oklahoma City, killing at least 51. The most destructive wildfire in Colorado history burns nearly 16,000 acres and killing two. 2013