PROJECT SYNOPSIS ON Microprocessor driven LED Propeller Clock

Submitted by:
Kumar Animesh Singh (11213202809) Ronak Singh Bhasin (12613202810) Bhupender Singh (xxx13202810) Kartikay Gautam (14313202810)

INTRODUCTION
We propose to develop a Microprocessor driven LED Propeller Clock during 7th semester as our Minor Project. The purpose of this venture is to understand and incorporate the principles of two growing domains of research in the modern electronics era, namely the microprocessor systems and the optical sciences. A microprocessor incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC), or at most a few integrated circuits. It is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as output. It is an example of sequential digital logic, as it has internal memory. Microprocessors operate on numbers and symbols represented in the binary numeral system. The advent of low-cost computers on integrated circuits has transformed modern society. General-purpose microprocessors in personal computers are used for computation, text editing, multimedia display, and communication over the Internet. Many more microprocessors are part of embedded systems, providing digital control over myriad objects from appliances to automobiles to cellular phones and industrial process control. The optical phenomenon which is of prime importance to our research and development here is the Persistence of vision, or POV. It is the phenomenon of the eye by which an afterimage is thought to persist for approximately one twenty-fifth of a second on the retina. This leads to the Phi phenomenon which pertains to the optical illusion of perceiving continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession. This project is a product of the extensive studies and experimentation carried out in the field of programmable electro-mechanical systems engineering. It exhibits the interplay between various electrical, electronic and mechanical components as part of a formulation of schemes for creating highly advanced economical and purposeful domestic as well as commercial product systems.

TECHNOLOGY USED
The Propeller Clock" is a mechanically scanned LED clock with seven light emitting diodes that spin, giving the illusion of numbers floating in the air. It is a linear array of light emitting diodes, rotating at a high angular velocity to generate a circular screen. Now by synchronizing these light emitting diodes, and keeping in mind the concepts of persistence of vision and limit of resolution, we can display a clock. A motor spins the "propeller", and a small microprocessor keeps track of time and changes the pattern on seven LEDs with exact timing to simulate a 7 x 30 array of LEDs. The various parts of this project and a circuit schematic is shown below: -

 Capacitors: C1, C2 - 33pF ceramic capacitors C3, C6 - 0.1F ceramic capacitors C4 - 47F electrolytic capacitors C5 - 47,000F supercap (memory cap) Diodes: D1-D7 - light emitting diodes D8-16 - 1N4001 general purpose 1 amp rectifiers Resistors: R1 - 120 DIP array or seven 120 ohm resistors R2-R6 - 10k resistors Misc: J1 - Straight pin male header SW1-SW3 - normally open pushbutton switches U1 - 16F84 programmed with mclock code XTAL1 - 4MHz crystal MOTOR

REFERENCES
akikorhonen.org ak proje ts http://www.jameco.com/Jameco/workshop/MyStory/diy-led-propellerclock.html Wikipedia.com