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CL 62-DLSIGHN CI S1LLL S1kUC1UkLS
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V.S.SHIA kANI
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CIVIL,LNGG-DL1
UNI1 -1
1. WhaL are Lhe facLors LhaL wlll govern Lhe sLrucLural oeslgn?
lL shoulo have aoequaLe sLrengLh
lL shoulo have aoequaLe sLablllLy ano rlglolLy
lL shoulo be ourable
lL shoulo noL lnLerfere wlLh Lhe funcLlonal requlremenL
lL shoulo be economlcal
2. whaL are Lhe sLrucLural elemenL of a bullolng?
llexural members: beams or glroers
1enslon members :Lles
Compresslon members : column ,sLanchlons ,sLruLs
1orslonal members
3. WhaL ls meanL by spanorel beam?
8eam arouno Lhe ouLsloe perlmeLer of a floor LhaL supporL Lhe exLerlor walls ano
ouLsloe eoge of Lhe floor
4. WhaL are Lhe sLeps lnvolveo ln sLrucLural oeslgn?
SelecLlon of Lhe sLrucLure
LayouL of Lhe sLrucLure
ueLermlnaLlon of force on Lhe sLrucLure ln Lhe elemenLs of Lhe sLrucLure
Checklng Lhe performance of Lhe sLrucLure unoer servlce conolLlon
S. Whlch Lype of sLeel ls generally useo ln consLrucLlon?
Mllo sLeel
Meolum carbon sLeel
Plgh carbon sLeel
1hls Lhree Lypes of sLeel are known as sLrucLural sLeel
6. WhaL are Lhe varlous Lypes of sLrucLural sLeel secLlon?
8olleo sLeel beam secLlon
8olleo sLeel angle secLlon
8olleo sLeel bars
8olleo sLeel sheeLs or sLrlp
8olleo sLeel channel secLlon
8olleo sLeel Lee secLlon
8olleo sLeel plaLes
Mllo sLeel
7. WhaL are Lhe Lypes of connecLlons useo for connecLlng sLrucLural members?
8lveLeo connecLlons
8oloeo connecLlons
lnneo connecLlons
Weloeo connecLlons
8. WhaL ls rlveL ano rlveLlng?
8lveL:
A plece of rouno sLeel forgeo ln place Lo connecL Lwo sLeel members LogeLher ls known
as a rlveL. 1he booy of ls Lermeo as shank
8lveLlng:
8lveLlng ls a meLhoo of [olnlng LogeLher , sLrucLural sLeel componenLs by lnserLlng
oucLlle meLal plns calleo rlveLs lnLo holes of Lhe componenLs Lo be connecLeo
9. WhaL are hoL orlven ano colo orlven?
PoL orlven:
lf Lhe rlveLs useo ln sLrucLural sLeel work are sLeel work are heaLeo ano orlven, Lhese
rlveLs are known as hoL orlven rlveLs
Colo orlven:
lf Lhe rlveLs are orlven aL aLmospherlc LemperaLure , Lhey are known as colo rlveLs
10. WhaL are Lhe Lypes of rlveLs [olnLs?
When one member ls placeo above Lhe oLher ano Lhe oLher Lwo are connecLeo by
means of rlveLs , Lhe [olnL ls known as lap [olnLs
11. ueflne rlveL value?
SLrengLh of rlveL ln shearlng ano bearlng are calculaLeo ano Lhe lesser value among
Lwo ls known as rlveL value
12. WhaL are Lhe arrangemenLs of rlveLs?
Chaln rlveLlng
ulamono rlveLlng
13. WhaL are eccenLrlc rlveLeo connecLlon?
When Lhe cenLre of gravlLy of a group of rlveLs ooes noL lle on Lhe llne of acLlon of
Lhe loao, Lhe connecLlons are known as rlveLeo connecLlon
14. ueflne bolLs?
A bolL ls a meLal pln wlLh a heao aL one eno ano Lhe shank Lhreaos aL Lhe oLher ln oroer
Lo recelve a nuL
1S. WhaL are Lhe Lypes of weloeo [olnLs?
8uLL welo
lllleL welo
SloL welo ano plug welo
SpoL welo
Seam welo
lpe welo
16. ueflne buLL welo?
8uLL welo ls also calleo as groove welo. 1he faces of Lwo members are placeo wlLh each
oLher ano connecLeo by fllleL meLals. 8uLL welo ls useo Lo [oln sLrucLural members carrylng
olrecL compresslon or Lenslon.
17. ueflne fllleL welo ?
A fllleL welo ls a welo of approxlmaLely Lrlangular cross secLlon [olnlng Lwo surface
approxlmaLely aL rlghL angles Lo each oLher ln lap [olnL.
18. WrlLe oown Lhe equaLlon for calculaLlng Lhe effecLlve LhroaL Lhlckness of a welo ?
LffecLlve LhroaL Lhlckness, L=0.7x slze of welo.
19. ueflne facLor of safeLy ?
lL ls oeflneo as Lhe facLor by whlch Lhe ylelo sLress of Lhe maLerlal ls olvloeo Lo glve Lhe
sLress ln Lhe maLerlal.
20. WrlLe unwln's formula ?
o=6.04
where,
L= Lhlckness of plaLe ln mm
o= olameLer of rlveL ln mm.
uNl1-ll
1LNSlCN MLM8L8S
1. ueflne Lenslon members ?
1enslon member ls oeflneo as a sLrucLural member sub[ecLeo Lo a Lenslle force ln
Lhe olrecLlon parallel Lo lLs longlLuolnal axls. A Lenslon member ls also calleo as
Lle member or slmply a Lle. 1he Lerm Lle la commonly useo for Lenslon member
ln Lhe roof Lruss.
2. WhaL are Lhe Lypes of Lenslon members ?
Wlres ano cables
8oos ano bars
Slngle sLrucLural shapes ano plaLes
8ullL up members.
3. WhaL ls neL selecLlon area ?
1he neL selecLlon area of a Lenslon member ls Lhe gross secLlonal area of Lhe
member, less Lhe maxlmum oeoucLlon for holes.
4. Why lug angles are noL very common ?
1hey provloe eccenLrlc connecLlons because of rlveLs placeo along lug
angles
SLress olsLrlbuLlon ln Lhe rlveL of lug ls noL unlform
8lveLs on Lhe lug angle are noL as sufflclenL as oLher rlveLs.
S. WhaL ls lug angle ?
A lug angle ls a shorL lengLh of an angle secLlon whlch ls aLLacheo Lo Lhe maln
Lenslon member aL Lhe connecLlng eno Lo provloe exLra gauge llnes for
accomooaLlng Lhe recqulreo number of rlveLs.
6. WrlLe noLes on Lenslon spllces ?
When Lhe recqulreo lengLh of a Lenslon member ls less Lhan Lhe avallable lengLh
or Lwo lengLhs of Lenslon member have olfferenL cross secLlonal area, Leslon
spllces are provloeo Lo [oln Lhe Lwo lengLh of Lhe member. 1enslon spllces are
Lhe cover plaLes useo on boLh sloe of Lhe buLL [olnLeo members.
7. WrlLe noLes on lug angles ?
When a Lenslon member ls connecLeo Lo a gusseL plaLe ano lLs enos a large
number of rlveLs are requlreo, especlally when Lhe Lenslon member ls large,
necesslLaLlng ln Lhe provlslon of a blg slze gusseL plaLe. 1he slze of Lhe gusseL
plaLe can be oecreaso by Lhe use of a lug angle. A lug angle ls a shorL lengLh of an
angle secLlon whlch ls aLLacheo Lo a maln Lenslon member aL Lhe connecLlng eno
Lo provloe exLra gauge llnes for accommooaLlng Lhe recqulreo number of rlveLs.
8. Pow ls Lhe neL secLlonal area calculeLeo ln case of l) chaln reveLLlng ll)zlg zag rlveLLlng ?
Chaln rlveLLlng
A
neL
=L(b-no)
Zlg zag rlveLLlng
A
neL
=L[(b-no)+ms
2
/4g]
Where,
L= Lhlkness of plaLe
o=olameLer of Lhe hole
n= no of rlveLs ln Lhe secLlon consloereo
m =no of zlg zag or lncllneo llnes.
9. WhaL ls neL efflcLlve area ?
1he neL cross secLlonal area on a secLlon ls reouceo Lo accounL for Lhls non-
unlform sLress olsLrlbuLlon resulLlng from eccenLrlclLy. 1he reouceo neL secLlonal
area of such a secLlon ls known as neL effecLlve area.
10. Pow ls neL effecLlve area of a slngle angle useo as Lenslon member calculaLeo ?
ln case of slngle angle connecLeo Lhrough one leg Lhe
NeL secLlonal area =A
1
+A
2
k
Where, A
1
=effecLlve cross secLlonal area of Lhe connecLeo leg
A
2
=gross cross secLlonal area of Lhe un connecLeo leg
k=3A
1
/(3A
1
+A
2
)
11. WrlLe oown Lhe formula for permlsslble sLress ln axlal Lenslon ?
As per lS:800-1984:Lhe permlsslble sLress ln axlal Lenslon ,
2
(Mpa)
Where, fy= mlnlmum ylelo sLerss ln sLeel, N/mm
2
12. WrlLe oown Lhe speclflcaLlon for Lhe oeslgn of lug angle ?
Lug angle connecLeo a channel shapeo member shall, as far as posslble,
be olsposeo symmeLrlcally wlLh respecL Lo Lhe secLlon.
ln no case shall fewer Lhan Lwo bolLs or rlveLs be useo for aLLachlng Lhe
lug angle Lo Lhe gusseL or oLher supporLlng member.
13. Pow ls neL effecLlve area of a oouble angle useo as Lenslon member calculaLeo ?
ln case of oouble angle connecLeo Lhrough one leg,
NeL secLlonal area =A
1
+A
2
k
Where, A
1
=effecLlve cross secLlonal area of Lhe connecLeo leg
A
2
=gross cross secLlonal area of Lhe un connecLeo leg
k=SA
1
/(SA
1
+A
2
)
14. WhaL are hangers ?
A Lenslon member ls Lhe one whlch ls lnLenoeo Lo reslsL axlal Lenslon. 1enslon
member are also calleo Lles or hangers.
1S. WhaL ls Lhe aovanLages of roos ano bars ?
1he ma[or olsaovanLage of Lhese secLlon ls Lhe lnaoequaLe sLlffness resulLlng ln
noLlceable sag unoer Lhelr own welghL especlally ourlng erecLlon.
16. NoLes on slngle sLrucLural shapes ano plaLes ?
1he common slngle sLrucLural shapes are angle secLlon, Lee secLlon, channel
secLlon. Angle secLlons are consloereo more rlglo Lhan ropes, roos, bars. So=lngle
angle are malnly useo for braclng, for llghL Lruss Lenslon member.
17. lf le
2S0
graoe sLeel ls useo, calculaLeo Lhe alllwable sLress ln axlal Lenslon as per lS=800 ?
Allowable sLress ln axlal Lenslon= 0.6 fy
=0.6x2S0
=1S0 N/mm
2
.
18. Lxplaln Lhe member?
1enslon member are also calleo as Lle member. A Lenslon member per Lle
member ls Lhe one whlch ls lnLenoeo Lo reslsL axlal Lenslon.
19. WrlLe noLes on blulL up secLlon ?
When a member ls requlreo Lo Lake heavy Lenslle loao, bullL up secLlons,
conslsLlng of Lwo or more plaLes or shors are useo.Such a bullL up secLlon ls useo
Lo provloe
CreaLer area whlch cannoL be provloeo by a slngle rolleo shape,
CreaLer rlglolLy by way of greaLer momenL of lnerLla,
SulLable olmenslon Lo proper connecLlon.
20. WhaL ls bearlng sLress ?
When Lhe loao ls exerLeo or Lransferreoby Lhe appllcaLlon of loao Lhrough one
surface for Lhe oLher surface ln conLacL Lo Lhe sLerss ls known as bearlng sLress.
1he bearlng sLress ls calculaLeo on neL pro[ecLeo area of conLacL.
.