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Personality
Personality
Personality
Characteristic
Personality
A
distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behavior, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual.
Personality
individual
differences consistent and enduring Formed in childhood can alter but usually only due to extreme trauma exhibited by behavior
needs
past experience attitudes perception current situation social pressures AS WE AS !E"S#$A %&'
Vs. Environment
Psychoanalytic
Trait
( specific dimensions of personality Humanistic approach ( inner capacity for gro)th Social-Cognitive approach ( influence of environment
Theories of personality
Heredity
,eredity includes all of the traits from blood relatives that are passed do)n to a child. ,eredity is passed do)n through the genes. -enes carry the inborn instructions that help ma.e a person )hat he or she is.
Environment
%t includes first hand experiences from )hich the children learn. What children hear or read is also part of their environment, as are their relationships )ith others. &he environment includes physical conditions such as food and rest.
has een arg!ed o"er ti#e as to $hich one has a greater infl!ence on o!r de"elop#ent%
Tho!ghts&&&
'et(s look at the follo$ing traits and see $hat infl!ences the#)
,air 0olor
,eredity
1oth
Physical Strength
Both
evel of Education
"nvironmen t
1ody &ype
Heredit
#eight
Both
%3
Both
Birth $efects
Both
%is& Ta&ing
Both
I. Freud1856-1939
An
Austrian Neurologist who became fascinated with studying hysteria. clinical observations led him to form his controversial, but famous theory.
His
#. $nconscious conflicts are forcibly %ept from awareness& this influences our behavior. '. Past events shape subse(uent behavior.
"onscious %ind ) li%e the top of the iceberg, only a small portion of our mind is accessible to us.
.
unconscious, but can be easily brought into awareness. *oves bac% + forth easily between conscious + unconscious.
'tructures of Personality
. Id ) unconscious impulses that want to be gratified, without regard to potential punishment. /s source of psychic energy ,li#ido.. #. ($o )pri%arily conscious* ) tries to satisfy id impulses while minimi0ing punishment + guilt. '. 'upere$o ) the 1moral2 center of our personality which tells us right from wrong ,somewhat conscious..
&he 4nconscious
1 1the the mind mind is is li%e li%e an an iceberg iceberg "" mostly mostly hidden2 hidden2 "onscious +,areness small part above surface ,Preconscious. &nconscious below the surface ,thoughts, feelings, wishes, memories. %epression
banishing unacceptable thoughts + passions to unconscious $reams ' Slips
%d 5 %nfancy 5 All drives and urges 5 !leasure !rinciple 5 !rimary !rocess thin.ing 6illogical7 &he language of dreams
Structure of Personality
Ego 5 *evelops at age 8 5 0onstrains the %d to reality 5 "eality !rinciple 5 Secondary !rocess thin.ing 6logical7
Structure of Personality
Superego 5 *evelops at age 9 5 %nternalized values, morality of parents and society 5 !romotes guilt, shame, embarrassment, pride 6self(conscious emotions7 5 i.e the %d, $#& bound by reality Sets higher standards
Ego
S!per Ego Id
Ego " see%s to gratify the /d in realistic way 3eality Principle Ego S!per Ego Id Super Ego " voice of conscience that focuses on how we ought to behave
Personality -e!elop%ent
Freud
argued that personality development" is result of conflicts we resolve in childhood. learn to satisfy id impulses while handling societal pressures.
!e
.andlin$ +n/iety
Freud argued we need to reduce the an-iety associated with unpleasant thoughts. To do this, we re4ect unpleasant thoughts from the conscious mind + force them into the unconscious mind. The 1ego2 employs 1defense mechanisms2 to regulate an-ieties.
C*+(,-CT
#ur lives are a constant negotiation of opposing impulses 6desire:fear; love:hate7 %d, Ego, and Superego are constantly battling to control our behavior Such conflicts produce anxiety
!sychic *eterminism
Everything
has a
*efense Aechanisms
"epressionB CAngry+ Ae+ % donDt
feel mad.E
!roFectionB C%Dm not mad at you.
"eaction
formationB
C%Dm not
going home.E
5/.
.
-efense %echanis%s
0epression: the suppression of unpleasant thoughts. !e push unpleasant thoughts into unconscious so that we can6t access them.
#.
!e refuse to accept horrible news, even with evidence to the contrary. 7.g., you hear a friend has died + can6t believe it6s true.
3.
we
0ationali1ation 2
3. -isplace%ent
you ta%e out your anger + frustration on a person or ob4ect not the actual target of your anger.
7.g., After being grilled by your boss, you go home + yell at your partner or the dog8cat.
!hen people pro4ect their own faults onto others, they generally do not deny that they themselves possess those faults. 7.g., 9our partner tells you how selfish you are, when they are in fact selfish.
:.
9ou do the opposite of how you feel to defend your own doubts. 7.g., A person who doubts his faith may act li%e a religious 0ealot to defend his religion.
7.g., Aggressive impulses are transformed into the urge to engage in competitive sports. *ost desirable way of dealing with unacceptable id impulses.
Trait
TraitGA
relatively stable and consistent characteristic that can be used to describe someone Or *istinguishing personal characteristics Personality 5 a combination of traits that classifies as individualDs behavior
Trait
Shy 1rave "eliable Friendly ,ostile 0onfident Serious
"nd