Page 1

Online Mock CAT 4 - Unproctored *)

6AIJ 2HAF
OnIine Mock CAT 4 - Unproctored
Answers and ExpIanations
1 1 2 3 3 4 4 1 5 2 6 1 7 5 8 2 9 4 10 4
11 1 12 3 13 2 14 4 15 4 16 1 17 4 18 3 19 2 20 5
21 4 22 2 23 5 24 1 25 1 26 5 27 5 28 1 29 2 30 5
31 2 32 3 33 2 34 4 35 4 36 5 37 5 38 3 39 4 40 4
41 3 42 2 43 3 44 1 45 1 46 4 47 3 48 2 49 1 50 5
51 2 52 5 53 3 54 3 55 4 56 5 57 2 58 1 59 3 60 3
61 3 62 5 63 1 64 3 65 5 66 2 67 2 68 3 69 1 70 1
71 2 72 2 73 2 74 1 75 3 76 2 77 1 78 3 79 3 80 3
Page 2
Online Mock CAT 4 - Unproctored *)
6AIJ 2HAF
For questions 1 to 5:
Cabinet Ministers A B C D E F G H
Number of Countries visited 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4
1. 1 There is no such cabinet minister who has visited more number
of countries than E but lesser number of countries than C in
the year 2007.
So, required answer is 0
For questions 2 and 3:
There are four such groups
1. G, A and F: Common countries visited 3
2. G, D and H: Common countries visited 2
3. G, A and C: Common countries visited 2
4. G, F and C: Common countries visited 2
2. 3
3. 4 Required Ratio is 1: 3
4. 1 Number of visits to Germany by C is 2
Number of visits to USA by C cannot be more than 6
Number of visits to Brazil by C cannot be more than 5
Number of visits to Pakistan by C cannot be more than 6
Required number of visits by C cannot be more than 2 + 6 + 5
+ 6 = 19
5. 2 The total number of visits by D in the year 2007 cannot be less
than 2 + 3 + 2 + 4 = 11
For questions 6 to 10:
Basic DA Bonus HRA Total Tax
Tax as
% of
Salary
S 10000 4000 5000 7000 26000 4900 18.8
Y 12000 4200 10000 4000 30200 5400 17.9
M 8000 2400 6000 5000 21400 4000 18.7
V 12000 3000 8000 2000 25000 4800 19.2
All answers are evident from the table above.
6. 1 7. 5 8. 2 9. 4 10. 4
11. 1 The fraction of sales is the highest in June for Fruti and in July
for Trooti. However, the June fractions for both are high and
hence the higher sales is likely in June as compared to July
you can cross-check this by calculation, but it will be lengthy.
12. 3 The purchases were highest in August as well as high unsold
balance from July (fraction being 0.7 only).
13. 2 For Trooti, the highest sales fraction is in the month of July
and hence the highest sales is expected to be in July.
14. 4 In the month of August total stock of Fruti is more than Trooti.
15. 4 For the month of August, the difference for Fruti is
(250 158) = 92, which is maximum as compared to other
months.
For questions 16 to 20:
-It is clear that C + F + H + B + S + V = 18
Also, from the bar graph, the value of C, F, B, H and V is 3, 2, 5, 2 and
4 respectively.
Therefore, S = 18 (3 + 2 + 5 + 2 + 4) = 2.
Since, the number of siblings who chose Basketball is 5 and there are
exactly three sports that have not been chosen by Aslam as well as
Ahmad (Additional information II), therefore, Aslam as well as Ahmad
chose Basketball. Also, form additional information II, Aslam and Azhar
chose Cricket and Swimming. Since, the number of siblings who chose
Volleyball is 4, therefore except for Ahmad and Azhar, every other
sibling chose Volleyball. Since, Armaan did not choose Basketball and
there is one sport that has not been chosen by Armaan but is chosen
by Atif, therefore that sport is Basketball. Also, the three sports chosen
by Armaan are Football, Hockey and Volleyball.
Azhar Atif Aslam Aaqib Armaan Ahmad
Cricket Yes No Yes No No Yes
Football No No Yes No
Hockey No No Yes No
Basketball Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Swimming No No Yes No No Yes
Volleyball Yes Yes No Yes Yes No
16. 1 The value of 6 S = 6 2 = 4.
For questions 11 to 15:
For the ease of understanding, the following table may be referred to:
Bought Earlier stock Total stock Total sold Bought Earlier stock Total stock Total sold
March 125 0 125 63 0 0 0 0 63
April 155 62 217 130 0 0 0 0 130
May 175 87 262 183 150 0 150 105 288
June 205 79 284 227 170 45 215 194 421
July 220 57 277 249 200 21 221 155 404
August 250 28 278 222 250 66 316 158 380
Month
Trooti Fruti Total packs
sold
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Online Mock CAT 4 - Unproctored *)
6AIJ 2HAF
17. 4 From additional information (III): Ahmad chose Cricket and
Swimming. In additional information (II) it is given that there are
exactly two sports that have been chosen by Azhar as well
as Aslam. Since, the number of siblings who chose Swimming
is 2; therefore Azhar definitely chose Cricket and Basketball.
18. 3 Except for Atif and Aaqib, for every other sibling the sports
chosen by them can be uniquely determined. Hence, the
required answer is 4.
19. 2 Aslam did not play Volleyball.
20. 5 It cannot be uniquely determined.
21. 4 If length of the track = x metres when show or of the two
runners
2nd meeting happens when one of the runners has
covered a distance of (nx 200)metres, where n is a
natural number
1st meeting must happen after the runner has covered a
distance of
nx 200 nx
metres 100 metres
2 2
j \ j \

, ( , (
( , ( ,
O
P
100 m
O
Q
C
200 m
100 m
If their starting point is O and O is a point diametrically opposite
to O.
For n = even, runners meet at C
and n = odd, runners meet at P.
22. 2 f(1) = 3
f(2) = f(1 + 1) = f(1) f(1) = 3
2
f(3) = f(1 + 2) = f(1) f(2) = 3
3
.
.
.
and so on
Now,
f(1) + f(2) + f(3) + f(n) = 1092
3+ 3
2
+ 3
3
+ 3
4
.+ 3
n
= 1092

n
(3 1)
3
3 1

= 1092
3
n
1 =
1092 2
3

= 728
3
n
= 729 = 3
6
n = 6.
23. 5 After the first operation the quantity of pure milk remaining in
the solution =
j \

, (
( ,
30 10
30
30
L
After the second operation the quantity of pure milk remaining
in the solution
j \ j \

, ( , (
( , ( ,
30 10 40 10
30
30 40

j \ j \

, ( , (
( , ( ,
2 3
30
3 4
L
Similarly after (n 1) such operations the quantity of pure milk
remaining in the solution
2 3 n
30
3 4 n 1
j \ j \ j \

, ( , ( , (
+
( , ( , ( ,

+
60
L
n 1
Alternative method:
After first, second and third operation; pure milk quantities are
20 L, 15 L and 12 L respectively.
Put n = 2, 3, and 4 in the choices.
Only option (5) satisfies.
Short cut:
When no operation is carried out, quantity of pure milk = 30 L
n 1 = 0
n = 1
Putting n = 1 in the options, only option (5) gives 30 as the
result.
24. 1 After n such operations, the quantity of pure milk the remaining
in solution
2 3 n 1
30
3 4 n 2
+ j \ j \ j \

, ( , ( , (
+
( , ( , ( ,
=
60
n 2 +
L
The quantity of water remaining in the solution
60
(30 10n) L
n 2
j \
+
, (
+
( ,
After each operation, effectively, 10L of water is being added.
Ratio of quantity water to milk after n such operations
j \ j \
+
, ( , (
+ +
( , ( ,
60 60
(30 10n) :
n 2 n 2
= n(n + 5) : 6
For n = 10
Required Ratio = 25 : 1
25. 1
A B
C D
O
a
b
h
2
h
1
Let AB = b; CD = a.
Let the perpendiculars from O to AB and CD be h
1
, h
2
respectively.
Triangles AOB and COD are similar.
Since the ratio of their areas is 1 : 4; the ratio of the proportional
sides and the heights h
2
, h
1
must be 1 : 2.
Area of the trapezium =
1
2
(a + b) (h
1
+ h
2
)
=
1
2
(3a) (3h
2
)
= 9 area of the triangle COD = 90 sq cm.
Page 4
Online Mock CAT 4 - Unproctored *)
6AIJ 2HAF
26. 5 Given curves can be drawn as
(3, 0)
y = |x|
y = |x|
( 3, 3) (3, 3)
(3, 0)
A
B
C
D
O
(3, 3) ( 3, 3)
The area generated by the three curves is the sum of the
areas of the triangles OAB and OCD.
=
( )
1
2 6 3 18 square units
2




27. 5 The minimum possible value of f(x) will be 1 when 0 x 1
Therefore, the graph of f(x) is as is shown in the figure given
below.
( 1, 1 ) ( 0, 1)
Hence, option (5) is the correct choice.
28. 1 P(1) = 1
P(2) =
1 1
1 1 2

+
P(3) =

+
1/ 2 1
1/ 2 1 3

P(n) =
1
n
29. 2
A B
D C
F
E
Let, AB = 1 unit and BE = x units.
Since, triangle AEF is equilateral, therefore by symmetry
DF = BE.
+ +
2 2 2 2
AE AB BE 1 x and ( ) +
2 2 2 2
EF EC CF 2 1 x
Since, AE = EF, therefore ( ) +
2
2
1 x 2 1 x
+
2
x 4x 1 0 x 2 3
The value of x is 2 3 as x has to be less than 1 unit.
( ) ( )
EF 2 1 2 3 6 2 units
Required Ratio
( ) ( )

2
3
6 2 3 2 3
4
30. 5 Let H
1
and H
2
are heights of the triangles AHI and AFE
respectively.
A
B
D C
F
E
H
I
Height of the AHI (H
1
)
= Half the Diagonal of the square
2 1
cm
2 2
Height of the AFE (H
2
)
3
side of the AFE
2
=
( )
3
6 2 cm
2

Also, AHI and AFE are similar.
Required Ratio
( )
j \

, (
( ,
2
2
1
H
3 4 12 6(2 3)
H
31. 2 5! = P x
y
P is not a multiple of x
y is the highest power of x in 5!.
Checking for x = 2, x = 3, x = 4, x = 5 etc.
3
1
1
1
x 2 5! P 2 (2 3 5)
x 3 5! P 3 (3 1 4)
x 4 5! P 4 (4 1 5)
x 5 5! P 5 (5 1 6)
+
+
+
+
x + y is minimum for x = 3
5!
P 40
3

32. 3 As, there are 25 girls who never married, there are (30 25)
= 5 girls who married earlier. Since, there is no such girl, who
married before but not working, all 5 of them must be working.
Total number of working girls = 12, out of them 5 married
before. Therefore there are (12 5) = 7 working girls, who
never married before.
33. 2 There are 12 girls who are working, there most be (30-12) =
18 girls who are not working. Since, there are 8 girls who
never married before, but more than 23 years old and not
working anywhere; there must be (18-8) = 10 girls who never
married before, but less than 23 years old and not working
anywhere.
Page 5
Online Mock CAT 4 - Unproctored *)
6AIJ 2HAF
34. 4 f(x) is a quadratic function and the coefficient of x
2
is
1 + 1 1 1 + 1 + 1 = 2 > 0.
Therefore, the graph of f(x) is an upward-pointing parabola,
and the minimum value of the function is attained at its vertex.
The given function is also symmetric about x = 6.
So, the vertex must be at x = 6.
Therefore,
f(6) = 1 + 1 4 4 + 9 + 9 = 2(1 + 9 4) = 12.
Therefore the minimum value of the function is 12.
35. 4
8
4
4
Perimeter of one of the parts that was cut
= 4 2 + 2 4 = 16 cm
36. 5 If n = 11 then (41)
11
leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by
I. (41)
11
1
II.
11
((41) 1)
2

III. Factors of 40 except 1

Number of possible values depends on n
Hence cannot be determined.
37. 5 Let the number of bananas with Moti, Sumit and Manky is a, b
and c respectively.
Then, a + b + c = 10 ...(i)
Also,
1 1 1
1
a b c
+ + ...(ii)
I. a = 1 then b + c = 9,
1 1
0
b c
+
Not possible
II. a = 2 then b + c = 8,
1 1 1
b c 2
+
bc = 16 b = c = 4
III. a = 3 then b + c = 7,
1 1 2
b c 3
+

21
bc
2

Not possible
IV. a = 4 then b + c = 6,
1 1 2
b c 3
+
bc = 8 b = 2, c = 4
V. a = 5 then b + c = 5,
1 1 4
b c 5
+

25
bc
5

Not possible
VI. a = 6 then b + c = 4,
1 1 5
b c 6
+

24
bc
5

Not possible
VIII. a = 7 then b + c = 3 Not possible as one of b or c will
becomes 1.
Only possible solution (2, 4, 4)
38. 3 One number should be chosen from each of the rows to
satisfy the mentioned condition.
From the first row we can choose any of the six numbers in
6 ways.
From the second row we can choose one number in only 5
ways as one of the chosen number from the first row will
belong to one of the columns.
Similarly, numbers from 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th row can be
chosen in 4 ways, 3 ways, 2 ways and 1 way respectively.
Total number of ways = 6 5 4 3 2 1 = 720.
One of the possible cases:
14
25
34
24
9
5 1 2 3 4 6
7
13
19
31
8
20
26
32
15
21
27
33
10
16
22
28
11
17
23
29
35
12
18
30
36
39. 4 60% men 40% women. 20% of the women are literate.
40% of 20% = 8% population is literate women
Total literate population = 12%
4% population is literate men

60% 4%
100= 93.33%
60%
of the men are illiterate.
40. 4 The number of possibilities is listed down in the
following table.
First
Number
Second
Number
First
Number
Second
Number
1 2 or 5 or 8 or 14 7 8 or 11 or 14
2 4 or 7 or 13 8 10 or 13
3 6 or 12 or 15 9 12
4 5 or 11 or 14 10 11
5 10 or 13 12 15
6 9 or 12 or 15 13 14
Total number of ways in which the two numbers can be
selected = 27.
41. 3 The author mentions the mistakes in the first paragraph of the
passage and later moves on to mention other mistakes that
are easy to make while writing. Her intention is as stated in
option (3).
42. 2 The author mentions this at the end of the third paragraph and
talks about how the power of English is in its names. This
makes option (2) correct. Name-calling is different and is not
what the author means in this context.
43. 3 The author mentions this at the beginning of the fourth para
and then delves into it more deeply by revealing that truth is
staid and lies make it interesting. That is why art has to lie.
This makes option (3) correct.
44. 1 The author mentions in the fifth para ..hardest of all for
him to trust you with it. The use of the word trust means that
the author talks about option (1).
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Online Mock CAT 4 - Unproctored *)
6AIJ 2HAF
45. 1 The author mentions the details in the story as being stones
thrown into a boat. With each stone being thrown the boat
sinks even more. This is what details do to a story they
make it more and more difficult to sustain its accuracy. This
makes option (1) correct.
46. 4 Although, the passage talks about socialism and capitalism it
does not concentrate on spelling out the differences in the
characteristics of various economic systems, this makes
Option (1) incorrect. Option (2) contradicts the fact given in
the passage. Option (3) cannot be inferred from the passage.
Option (4) is stated throughout the passage. Option (5) cannot
be inferred from the passage as it mentions two entities which
are inter-linked.
47. 3 Only option (3) is a fact which supports the passage. Refer to
the lines Everybody knows that.them given in the 5
th
paragraph. Option (1) cannot be inferred from the passage.
Options (2), (4) and (5) are contrary to the passage.
48. 2 The author tries to highlight the fact that the triumph of
capitalism, as people nowadays believe, was not preordained
by the superiority of capitalism as an economic system. Option
(1) does not figure anywhere in the passage. Option (3) is not
being attempted at by the author.
49. 1 The author examines the reasons for the failure of Communism
and the triumph of Capitalism. The author nowhere in the
passage takes the side of either Capitalism or Communism.
This makes the authors tone analytical towards the passage.
50. 5 Only option (5) is not mentioned in the passage Options (1),
(2) and (3) can be inferred from the first paragraph. Option
(4) can be inferred from the fourth paragraph.
51. 2 In the second paragraph, the author mentions that there is
some end of the things we do, which we desire for its sake.
So, the chief good lies in working to achieve that one ultimate
goal. All other activities and their procedures aid in achieving
that one ultimate goal. Option (1) is vague because if every
means already has a desirable end then how can it be the
chief good. Option (3) is narrow and irrelevant in this context.
Options (4) and (5) are incorrect.
52. 5 The last lines of the passage clearly suggest that knowledge
is of no use to those whose aim is action. Hence a young man
.......... no profit. Options (1) and (2) are correct entries but
the author does not give any warning to those who are
virtuous. (3) is an incorrect option. (4) is also incorrect
because the author does not warn those who pass
judgements on unknown subjects.
53. 3 All the other options are mentioned in the passage. Only option
(3) cannot be inferred. The passage does not mention the
relationship between art and other sciences. It only mentions
the relationship of arts and sciences with politics. The inter
relationship between arts and sciences is not mentioned.
54. 3 The first paragraph of the passage talks about the matter of
technology of climate change being not so simple as it is
prone to zealotry and taboos.
55. 4 The passage mentions the three Achilles heels of the cells
making option (4) the correct answer.
56. 5 All, except option (5), have been mentioned as reasons for
the debacle of the fuel cells.
57. 2 C is incorrect, it has the error of incorrect parallelism, and
should be collecting instead of collect. E is incorrect as the
correct phrase is appealing to and not for.
58. 1 B is incorrect, use the article a before leading to define it,
similarly use the indefinite article a before lazy habit.
59. 3 B is incorrect, use the singular relative to define motion,
relatives renders the meaning incorrect, C is incorrect, use
produces as the sentence is in the present. In D, it should be
is instead of are.
60. 3 A is incorrect, use an article before main theme, use the
preposition in before America in B, C is incorrect, use the
past tense cohered as the sentence is in the past tense.
61. 3 Option (3) is correct. In A it should be country not countries;
in B it should be about the.. because an article is required
here; in C it should be live by.. not live on.. and; in D it
should be emerges not emerge because it is referring to
one set.. and not to questions...
62. 5 Option (5) is correct. Part A will have ..behind this because
part B is dealing with the reason. C should have only in not
while in. D should have effect not affect. E part should
have prop up not prop the.
63. 1 Option (1) is correct. Part C should have was instead of
were because it is referring to the ..growing prospect...
Part E should have in and not to.
64. 3 The central theme of the paragraph revolves around the
initiative taken by a British school teacher to abandon the
word failure from being used in classrooms as it creates
negative vibes among the innocent minds of school children.
Therefore, the starting link should be a sentence which
introduces the new step taken by the British teacher. Hence
the first sentence starting the paragraph should be sentence
E. Obviously the next sentence following it should be a
sentence which describes the teachers name and the details
of the initiative or motion taken by her. So the sentence following
E should be sentence B. Hence there is an evident EB link.
Sentence C should definitely follow sentence B because of
the use of the word motion in C which refers to the initiative
taken by Beattie in sentence B. Similarly there is also a direct
link between sentences C and D which is clear by the usage
of the word agreement in sentence D. Finally the conclusion
that failure lowers the confidence and self-esteem of school
children is stated in sentence A. Hence, the correct answer
has to be option (3).
65. 5 The paragraph primarily revolves around the idea of
essentialism and how it focusses on expressing various
concepts separately through different media so that their true
value is realized to their full extent. Hence the starting sentence
has to be A. Therefore, options (1), (2) and (3) can be safely
eliminated. Clearly sentence B elaborates further on the thought
stated in sentence A by emphasizing that each medium has
different levels of strengths and weaknesses and hence the
concepts that have to be expressed through them have to be
obviously different. Therefore, there is a direct AB link. The
sentence following Bs line of thought has to be E as it provides
an example of how one concept suitable for a particular medium
becomes poor in perception if it is expressed through any
other medium. The EC link is quite prominent because C provides
more examples in relation to the idea expressed in E. Finally
sentence D has to be the concluding sentence because it
proves why essentialism is liked by artists because of the
systematic method of separating art and media. Hence the
correct link at the end has to be CD and not DC and so the
correct answer is option (5).
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Online Mock CAT 4 - Unproctored *)
6AIJ 2HAF
66. 2 According to the given options, D, C or E could be the opener.
Sentence C cannot be the opener as it is presenting a
contradiction but one does not know what is being contradicted
here. Sentence D may seem like the opener but the idea in E is
more general as compared to D. So, E is the opener. It presents
the problem that is being faced by small, home-based
businesses. EC is a mandatory pair as Sentence C contradicts
the problem (revealed in E) and shows that this problem is
actually an opportunity. So, option (2) contains the correct
order. Further, B presents another possible problem that these
small businesses will be facing in the near future. Sentence D
further presents the problems that were faced by
entrepreneurs. Sentence A provides the solution to the whole
issue and concludes the paragraph.
67. 2 Beam: Option (2) is wrong because beam in is an incorrect
phrasal verb; beam with joy is the right usage.
68. 3 Face: Option (3) is wrong. Flew in the face of is the right
idiom to use.
69. 1 Act: Option (1) is wrong because the colloquially used idiom
is class act and not classy act.
70. 1 A credulous person believes easily - he is gullible. Similarly a
peevish person gets irritated easily. Avaricious means greedy,
lecherous means lusty, Soporific is sleepy, Malevolent is
harmful - not necessarily causing death.
71. 2 Copious means abundant or plentiful; exiguous means small
or scanty - this gives us a relationship of antonyms. Option
(2) which has vituperation:extolement also demonstrates a
relationship of antonyms. Vituperation means abuse and
extolement means praise. Impugn and Assail both are
synonyms. Similarly Hubris and Hauteur are synonyms - both
mean an overbearing pride or assumption. Prognostication
and Augury both mean omen. Pervicacious and Recalcitrant
are also synonyms - both mean obstinate. Thus only option
(2) is the correct option.
72. 2 Helotry means slavery and is opposed to sovereignty which
has connotations of political freedom. Incredulous is the
opposite of credulous which is synonymous to nave,
susceptible. Banausic and Mechanical are synonyms.
Mordacious means truculent. Words in option 4 have no
specific relationship. A shrew is a woman.
73. 2 The question has a relation: The word stationary is given and
the meaning furnished is that of its homonym stationery.
Similarly, in Option 2, the meaning furnished is of the homonym
of complaisant - complacent. In options 1 and 3, the correct
meanings of the given words are furnished. Affect means to
have an influence on and effect means to bring about or
create.
74. 1 Hobsons choice means a choice that appears to be a free
choice but is really no choice as there is no genuine alternative.
In this case the Judge is considering which one of two courses
to choose. Therefore the right idiom to use in this context
would have been Justice Robinson was on the horns of a
dilemma in the last case. The other idioms are all
appropriately placed.
75. 3 When people say that you cant squeeze blood out of a
turnip, it means that you cannot get something from a person,
especially money, that they dont have. The same cannot be
inferred about Dover Foods, Inc. which Robert takes over.
The other idioms are all placed appropriately.
76. 2 The Israeli attitude which is all take and no give is endorsed
only by (2). In (1) atleast an initiative is indicated. Options (3),
(4) and (5) offer certain information that say nothing about the
Israelis attitude. Hence (2) is the best choice.
77. 1 (2) is against the idea of neurobics. In option (3) - these skills
have less to do with sense and more to do with information.
Besides, neurobics suggests that we do each task effectively
by responding to it in a more complete manner, it does not
suggest that we do many tasks. Option (5) seems to weaken
the need for neurobics. Choice (4) gives a data which does
not affect the argument. Hence (1) is the best choice as it
suggests a need for neurobics- need to recognize other things
or need to use more than one sense.
78. 3 The logical flaw or challenge in this question is that the author
is connecting freezing overtime wages and hours to
reduction in quality. Now, this argument can only be logical if
choice (3) is being assumed. (1) is vague. (2) & (4) do not talk
about the main logical flaw. In fact they are slightly superficial
assumptions. Even (5) is not specific. Hence, (3) is the best
choice.
79. 3 All decisions and descriptions become limited and distorted if
the scope is too narrow, complex things are oversimplified. It
is a case of intellectual arrogance. Options (1) and (2) are too
strongly negative for this purpose. Options (4) and (5) involve
no analysis, and do not talk of the narrow perspective. Option
(3) is similar in theme and also conserves the tone and thus
serves as the correct answer.
80. 3 The passage discusses the heartache the pursuit of happiness
brings along with it. This pursuit id responsible for the sufferings
surrounding mankind. Option A is incorrect as it an equivocal
statement. B is incorrect as it philosophical in nature. Option C
is the correct answer as the underlying assumption is that all
living beings are engaged in the pursuit of money which would
lead them to happiness. Option D is incorrect as it is an example,
E is incorrect as it is an extension of the subject matter.