Science 8 Laboratory Investigation

MEASURING TEMPERATURE Purpose

The purpose of this investigation is to learn to take temperature measurements with a thermometer and find how the temperature of a mixture is affected by the amounts of hot and cold water used to make the mixture.

Equipment Needed
2 $ 2 thermometers that read from !" o# to !!"o# styrofoam cups !"" mL graduated cylinders

Procedure
!. %a&'artner (!) 'our exactly 100 mL of very cold water into a !"" mL graduated cylinder. 'our this cold water into a styrofoam cup. 'artner (2) 'our exactly 100 mL of hot water into a !"" mL graduated cylinder. 'our this hot water into a second styrofoam cup. %b&'artner (!) *uickly measure and record the temperature of the cold water in its styrofoam cup. 'artner (!) *uickly measure and record the temperature of the hot water in its styrofoam cup. %c& *uickly pour the cold water into the hot water cup+ stir for a few seconds and then measure and record the temperature of the mixture. 2. %a&'artner (!) 'our exactly 50 mL of very cold water into a !"" mL graduated cylinder. 'our this cold water into a styrofoam cup. 'artner (2) 'our exactly 100 mL of hot water into a !"" mL graduated cylinder. 'our this hot water into a second styrofoam cup. %b&'artner (!) *uickly measure and record the temperature of the cold water in its styrofoam cup. 'artner (2) *uickly measure and record the temperature of the hot water in its styrofoam cup. %c& *uickly pour the cold water into the hot water cup+ stir for a few seconds and then measure and record the temperature of the mixture. $. %a&'artner (!) 'our exactly 100 mL of very cold water into a !"" mL graduated cylinder. 'our this cold water into a styrofoam cup. 'artner (2) 'our exactly 50 mL of hot water into a !"" mL graduated cylinder. 'our this hot water into a second styrofoam cup. %b&'artner (!) *uickly measure and record the temperature of the cold water in its styrofoam cup.

'artner (!) *uickly measure and record the temperature of the hot water in its styrofoam cup. %c& *uickly pour the cold water into the hot water cup+ stir for a few seconds and then measure and record the temperature of the mixture. 'age 2

Data

Step ! %b& ! %c& 2 %b& 2 %c& $ %b& $ %c&

,olume used !"" mL of cold water !"" mL of hot water 2"" mL of mixture -" mL of cold water !"" mL of hot water !-" mL of mixture !"" mL of cold water -" mL of hot water !-" mL of mixture

Temperature

Questions
!. This .uestion uses the data for 100 mL of hot water and 100 mL of cold water. %a&#alculate the startin temperature di!!erence between the hot water and cold water+ using the data for step ! %b&. %b&/ow many degrees does the temperature rise when the hot water is added to the cold water %to create 2"" mL of mixture&0 %c& #alculate the percentage of the mixture which is hot water as follows.
Percenta eo! "ot #ater = 100%

then)

1or example+ if we use 2- mL of hot water and !"" mL of cold water+ ,olume of hot water 2 2- mL ,olume of mixture 2 2- mL 3 !"" mL 2 !2- mL 'ercentage of hot water 2 !2- mL x !""4 2 2"4 56+ now calculate the percenta e o! "ot #ater using 7589 data.
2- mL

%d&#alculate the percentage temperature rise when hot water is added as follows.

Percenta e temperature rise 2 Starting temperaturedifference x !""4 1or example+ if the cold water temperature is !- o#+ the hot water temperature is :-o# and the mixture temperature is $- o#+ then) Starting temperature difference 2 :- o# Temperature rise 2 $-o# !-o# 2 2"o# !-o# 2 ;"o#

Temperaturerise

2"o# 'ercentage temperature rise 2 x !""4 2 $$4 o ;" #

56+ now calculate the percenta e temperature rise using 7589 data. 'age $ 2. 9epeat all the calculations for .uestion !+ using the data for !"" mL of hot water and -" mL of cold water. $. 9epeat all the calculations for .uestion !+ using the data for -" mL of hot water and !"" mL of cold water. <. #opy the results of your calculations for .uestions !+ 2 and $ into the following table. =ixture !"" mL hot 3 !"" mL cold !"" mL hot 3 -" mL cold -" mL hot 3 !"" mL cold -. Lets make sure we know what the entries in the table mean. > ?'ercentage of hot water@ tells us what percentage of a mixture is made up of hot water. > ?'ercentage temperature rise@ tells us what the temperature rise is+ as a percentage of the startin temperature di!!erence . Arite a sentence or statement that describes any similarities you observe in the table for .uestion <. ;. If you mix -"" mL of cold water with :"" mL of hot water+ will you expect the temperature of the mixture to be closer to the starting temperature of the cold water or closer to the starting temperature of the hot water0 :. BONUS QUESTION: If you mix !2" mL of water at B"o# with $" mL of water at !-o#+ what is the final temperature of the mixture0 'ercentage hot water 'ercentage temperature rise