English Tri 1 ! Study Guide! December 20, 2013!

Vocabulary! Spelling! Parts of Speech! Parts of a Sentence! Phrases! Antigone Summary! TKAM Summary! literary essay ! descriptive paragraph!

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Vocabulary!

! Unit 1! !

1. breach - an opening, gap rupture, rift; a violation or infraction; (v) to create an opening, breakthrough ! 2. brigand - a bandit, robber, outlaw, highwayman! 3. commandeer - to seize for military or ofcial use! 4. deadlock - a standstill resulting from the opposition of two equal forces or factions; (v) to bring to such a standstill! 5. debris - scattered fragments, wreckage! 6. dilemma - a difcult or perplexing situation or problem! 7. efface - to wipe out; to keep oneself from being noticed! 8. muddle - to make a mess of; muddle through: to get by; a hopeless mess! 9. perennial - lasting for a long time; persistent; a plant that lives for many years! 10. predispose - to incline to beforehand! 11. spasmodic - sudden and violent but brief; tful; intermittent! 12. spurious - not genuine, not true, not valid! 13. unbridled - lacking in restraint!

! Unit 2! !

1. comely - having a pleasing apperance! 2. dissolute - loose in ones morals or behavior! 3. erratic - not regular or consistent; different from what is ordinarily expected; undependable ! 4. fodder - food for horses or cattle; raw material for a designated purpose! 5. fortify - to strengthen; build up! 6. illegible - difcult or impossible to read! 7. mediocre - average, ordinary, undistinguished! 8. proliferate - to reproduce, increase, or spread rapidly! 9. sully - to soil, stain, tarnish, dele, besmurch! 10. tantalize - to tease, torment by teasing! 11. terse - brief and to the point! 12. uninching - rm, showing no signs of fear, not drawing back!

! Unit 3! !

1. abridge - to make shorter! 2. altercation - an angry argument! 3. cherubic - resembling an angel portrayed as a little child with a beautiful, round, chubby face; sweet and innocent! 4. dissent - to disagree; (n) disagreement! 5. eminent - famous, outstanding, distinguished, projecting! 6. exorcise - to drive out by magic; to dispose of something troublesome, menacing,oppressive! 7. fabricate - to make, manufacture; to make up, invent! 8. irate - angry! 9. pauper - an extremely poor person! 10. semblance - a likeness; an outward appearance; an apparition! 11. trite - commonplace; overused, stale!

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Unit 4!

1. abscond - to run off and hide! 2. access - approach or admittance to places, persons, things; an increase; (v) to get at, obtain! 3. auspicious - favorable, fortunate! 4. daunt - to overcome with fear, intimidate; to dishearten, discourage! 5. disentangle - to free from tangles or complications! 6. fated - determined in advance by destiny or fortune! 7. hookwink - to mislead by trick, swindle! 8. inanimate - not having life; without energy or spirit! 9. incinerate - to burn to ashes! 10. intrepid - very brave, fearless, unshakable! 11. larceny - theft! 12. rectify - to make right, correct! 13. revile - to attack with words, call bad names!

! Unit 5! !

1. accomplice - a person who takes part in a crime! 2. annihilate - to destroy completely! 3. arbitrary - unreasonable; based on ones wishes or whims without regard for reasons or fairness! 4. brazen - shameless, impudent; made of brass! 5. facilitate - to make easier; to assist! 6. incorrigible - not able to be corrected; beyond control! 7. latent - hidden, present but not realized! 8. militant - given to ghting; active and aggressive in support of a cause; (n) an activist! 9. morose - having gloomy or sullen manner; not friendly or sociable! 10. opaque - not letting light through; not clear or lucid; dense, stupid! 11. prattle - to talk in an aimless, foolish or simple way; to babble! 12. rebut - to offer arguments or evidence that contradict an assertion; to refute! 13. succumb - to give way to superior force, yield!

! Unit 6! !

1. atone - to make up for! 2. bondage - slavery; any state of being bound or held down! 3. credible - believable ! 4. defray - to pay for! 5. doleful - sad, dreary ! 6. hamper - to hold back! 7. hew - to shape or cut down with an ax; to hold to! 8. incessant - never stopping, going on all the time! 9. intricate - complicated; difcult to understand ! 10. lucid - easy to understand, clear; rational, sane! 11. posthumous - occurring or published after death ! 12. superuous - exceeding what is sufcient or required, excess! 13. supplant - to take the place of, supersede! 14. taunt - to jeer at, mock; (n) an insulting or mocking remark#

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Spelling!
absence! absolutely! acceptance! accidentally! accomodate! accomplish! accurate! accustomed! achievement! acquaintance! actually! administration! affectionate ! agriculture! amateur! analyze! announcement! anticipate! apology! apparent! appearance! approach ! approval ! arguing! assurance ! attendance! authority! available! basically! beginning! believe! benet! beneted! boundary! calendar! campaign ! capital! category! certicate! civilization! column! commissioner! competent! competition! conceivable! "4

concept! condential! conscience! conscious! consistency! constitution ! continuous! control! cooperate! corporation! correspondence! criticism! criticize! cylinder! debtor! decision! denite! denition! deny! description! despise! diameter! disappearance! disappointment! discipline! disgusted! distinction! distinguished! dominant! duplicate! economic! efciency! eighth ! elaborate! eligible! embarrass! emergency! employee! encouraging! environment! equipped! essential! evidently! exaggerate! exceedingly#

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Parts of Speech!

Noun - person, place, thing or idea! ! > compound noun is two or more words that is used together as a single noun! Pronoun - word used to take the place of one or more nouns or pronouns! ! > the word that a pronoun refers to is the antecedent! - Personal Pronouns! I, me, my, mine, we, he, she, her, him, you, you, yours! - Reexive: refers to the subject of a sentence and acts as a complement or as an object of a preposition! - Intensive: emphasizes its antecedent and has no grammatical function! myself, yourself, himself, herself! ! - Demonstrative: used to point out things! this, that, these, those! - Interrogative: introduces a question! who, which, what! - Relative: relates another part of the sentence to the noun it follows! who, whom, whose, which, that! - Indenite: not sure how many! any body/one/thing! every body/one/thing! no body/one/thing! another, other! some body/one/thing! each, one! all, both, few, several! either, neither, none! many, more, most, much! Adjective - modies a noun or pronoun by telling which one, what kind, how many! Action Verb - expresses action or a state of being! ! > transitive verb - action is directed toward a person, place or thing (direct object)! ! ! ! > direct objects answer what or whom! ! > intransitive verb - express action with no direct object! Linking Verb - connects the subject to a word or word group that identies or describes the subject! - ! Beamis Are Waswere Been! Adverb - adverb; describes a verb, adjective, or adverb. ! ! > answers where, when, how, and to what extent! Preposition - shows relationship between a noun to pronoun to another word! - Prepositional Phrase - starts with a preposition, ends with a noun or pronoun! Conjunction - word that joins words or groups of words! ! > coordinating - fanboy! ! > correlative - not onlybut also, neither/either/whetheror/nor/or! Interjection - word that expresses emotion; no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence.! "6

Parts of a Sentence!

Sentence - expresses a complete thought; must have a subject and a verb! Predicate - says something about the subject! Compound Subject - consists of two or more subjects joined by a conjunction and that have the same verb! Compound Verb - cosists of two or more verbs that are joined by a conjunction and that have the same subject! Complement - word or word group that completes the meaning of a verb! Subject Complement - follows a linking verb and is either another name for the subject (predicate nominative) or describes the subject (predicate adjective)! Indirect Object - comes before the direct object, answers to/for whom and to/for what! Declarative - makes a statement! Imperative - command or request! Interrogative - Asks a question! Exclamatory - exclaims, shows excitement !

! ! Phrases! !

Phrase - group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and does not contain both a verb and its subject! Adjective Phrase - a prepositional phrase that modies a noun or pronoun; always follows the word it modies and answers which one, what kind, or how many.! Adverb Phrase - a prepositional phrase that modies a verb, adverb, or adjective and tells how, when, where, why and to what extent ! Participle - verb form that can be used as an adjective ! ! - most participles end in -d, -ed, or -ing! ! - a participle is usually set up using commas; if its at the beginning of the ! ! ! sentence it must modify the subject! Gerund - verb form ending in -ing that is used as a noun! ! - gerunds can be the subject, indirect object, direct object, predicate nominative, ! ! or the object of a preposition ! Innitive - verb form that can be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb ! ! - most innitives begin with to: ex to run, to play!

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Antigone Summary !

Oedipus, Antigone and Ismene's father, had two sons, Eteocles and Polynices. They both wanted to rule Thebes after their father died, so they battled for the rule. Polynices brought foreign armies to help him. Neither side one and both brothers were killed in battle. When Creon (king) found out Polyneices got help from foreign armies he said he would not be buried, but his brother Eteocles will be buried with honor. Creon makes it a law that anyone who tries to bury Polyneices will be stones to death in the town square. ! Antigone wants to bury her brother because it will upset the gods (the gods claim that any unburied bodys soul will roam the earth forever) and asks her sister Ismene for help. Ismene says they shouldn't go against Creons law. Antigone doesn't listen to her and buries Polyneices by throwing dirt on his body. Creon had guards watching Polyneices body to see if anyone would bury him, but when Antigone went to bury him, they were sleeping so they did not see her. When they awoke, they saw that Polyneices has been buried and they go tell Creon. When they gure out Antigone is the one who buried Polyneices, they take her to the palace. Creon sends the guards out and tells Antigone to leave (a way out of the punishment) and she refuses and said she will try to bury him again. Creon asks if she thinks she's above the law, and that he devotes himself to the kingdom. Creon eventually sends Antigone to be exiled in a cave and when Haimon (creons son and Antigones anc) nds out what Creon did he goes to the cave with Creon and nds her dead. Then Haimon tries to stab Creon, but he defends himself, and then Haimon stabbed himself. when Eurydice (Creons wife) nds out what has happened she kills herself too and Creon is left alone. !

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TKAM Summary !

Scout Finch lives with her brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, in Maycomb, Alabama. Maycomb is suffering through the Great Depression, but Atticus is a prominent lawyer and the Finch family is reasonably well off in comparison to the rest of society. One summer, Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill, who has come to live in their neighborhood for the summer, and the trio acts out stories together. Eventually, Dill becomes fascinated with the spooky house on their street called the Radley Place. The house is owned by Mr. Nathan Radley, whose brother, Arthur (nicknamed Boo), has lived there for years without venturing outside. Scout goes to school for the rst time that fall and detests it because Miss Caroline tells her to stop reading and writing. She and Jem nd gifts apparently left for them in a knothole of a tree on the Radley property. Dill returns the following summer, and he, Scout, and Jem begin to act out the story of Boo Radley. Atticus puts a stop to their antics, urging the children to try to see life from another persons perspective before making judgments. But, on Dills last night in Maycomb for the summer, the three sneak onto the Radley property, where Nathan Radley shoots at them. Jem loses his pants in the ensuing escape. When he returns for them, he nds them mended and hung over the fence. The next winter, Jem and Scout nd more presents in the tree, presumably left by the mysterious Boo. Nathan Radley eventually plugs the knothole with cement. Shortly thereafter, a re breaks out in another neighbors house, and during the re someone slips a blanket on Scouts shoulders as she watches the blaze. Convinced that Boo did it, Jem tells Atticus about the mended pants and the presents. To the consternation of Maycombs racist white community, Atticus agrees to defend a black man named Tom Robinson, who has been accused of raping a white woman, Mayella Ewell. Because of Atticuss decision, Jem and Scout are subjected to abuse from other children, even when they celebrate Christmas at the family compound on Finchs Landing. Calpurnia, the Finches black cook, takes them to the local black church, where the warm and close-knit community largely embraces the children. Atticuss sister, Alexandra, comes to live with the Finches the next summer. Dill, who is supposed to live with his new father in another town, runs away and comes to Maycomb. Tom Robinsons trial begins, and when the accused man is placed in the local jail, a mob gathers to lynch him. Atticus faces the mob down the night before the trial. Jem and Scout, who have sneaked out of the house, soon join him. Scout recognizes one of the men, and her polite questioning about his son shames him into dispersing the mob. At the trial itself, the children sit in the colored balcony with the towns black citizens. Atticus provides clear evidence that the accusers, Mayella Ewell and her father, Bob, are lying: in fact, Mayella propositioned Tom Robinson, was caught by her father, and then accused Tom of rape to cover her shame and guilt. Atticus provides impressive evidence that the marks on Mayellas face are from wounds that her father inicted; upon discovering her with Tom, he called her a whore and beat her. Yet, despite the signicant evidence pointing to Toms innocence, the all-white jury convicts him. The innocent Tom later tries to escape from prison and is shot to death. In the aftermath of the trial, Jems faith in justice is badly shaken, and he lapses into despondency and doubt. Despite the verdict, Bob Ewell feels that Atticus and the judge have made a fool out of him, and he vows revenge. He menaces Tom Robinsons widow, tries to break into the judges house, and nally attacks Jem and Scout as they walk home from a Halloween party. Boo Radley intervenes, however, saving the children and stabbing Ewell fatally during the struggle. Boo carries the wounded Jem back to Atticuss house, where the sheriff, in order to protect Boo, insists that Ewell tripped over a tree root and fell on his own knife. After sitting with Scout for a while, Boo disappears once more into the Radley house. Later, Scout feels as though she can nally imagine what life is like for Boo. He has become a human being to her at last. With this realization, Scout embraces her fathers advice to practice sympathy and understanding and demonstrates that her experiences with hatred and prejudice will not sully her faith. * Tom Robinson is a mockingbird because he didn't harm anyone, he helped others (Mayella) and Boo Radley is a mocking bird because he brings joy to the children by giving them gifts and helping them in need, so Heck Tate doesn't say he stabbed mr ewell, he doesn't want to put him in the spotlight.!

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Literary Essay!

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Introduction - restate the question. State title and author of work. State what two things you will provide! P2 - prove the rst main point with two specic examples! P3 - prove the seconds main point with two specic examples! Conclusion - restate what was in the introduction using different words.! order of essay must follow order stated in introduction! present tense throughout! no person pronouns except those that refer to the characters! no direct quotations! direct the reader to the spot in the story by describing the action!

! ! Descriptive Paragraph ! !

- purpose is to create a dominant impression ! - use details to support the impression! - sensory details: using your 5 sense to describe your place/object/feeling

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