USMLE Step 1 Web Prep Medically Important Viruses, Part 4

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Rhabdoviridae
ss(-) RNA bullet shaped enveloped

Rabies Virus Negri bodies - intra !toplas"i in lusion bodies #na tivated va ines$ passive i""uni%ation &pread to hu"ans b! bites o' rabid dogs$ onta t (ith bats )astern *& reservoirs: 'o+es , ra oons$ -estern *&: s.un.s
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Rhabdoviridae
ss(-) RNA bullet shaped enveloped

Rabies Virus Negri bodies - intra !toplas"i in lusion bodies #na tivated va ines$ passive i""uni%ation &pread to hu"ans b! bites o' rabid dogs$ onta t (ith bats )astern *& reservoirs: 'o+es , ra oons$ -estern *&: s.un.s
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Filoviridae

ss (-) RNA 1eli al apsid (ith envelope Virion asso iated RNA dependent RNA pol!"erase 2arburg Virus A ute he"orrhagi 'ever3 're4uentl! 'atal )bola Virus A ute he"orrhagi 'ever3 're4uentl! 'atal
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Orthomyxoviridae
#n'luen%a ss(-) RNA &eg"ented (8) )nveloped nu leo apsids &eparate 1 and N gl! oproteins #na tivated va ine3 11N1 and 13N/

 #n'luen%a A , 5 (and "an! other viruses3 "ost notabl! 1#V) undergo geneti dri't 6 slight hanges in antigeni it! due to "utations (in #n'luen%a responsible 'or epide"i s) #n'luen%a A has rare geneti shi't (geneti re assort"ent) - "a7or hanges 'ro" ne( o"binations o' RNA seg"ents or re o"bination bet(een the seg"ents in o-in'e tions ausing ne( pande"i s
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Reoviruses

*pper respirator! tra t in'e tions

Rotaviruses

9# tra t in'e tion espe iall! : / !ears old3 a prolonged diarrhea 2a7or ause o' in'ant "ortalit! (orld(ide ;able V-10< =ouble-&tranded RNA Viruses RNA Virion >asso iated &tru ture ?ol!"erase Reovirus @inear3 dsRNA 10-11 seg"ents
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)nvelope &hape Na.ed # osa-hedral double shelled

2a7or Viruses Reovirus Rotavirus

Aes

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!ali"#a#t $ra#sformatio# of %ells

=edi''erentiation @oss o' gro(th ontrol #""ortali%ation Appearan e o' ne( sur'a e antigens (C;C antigens)
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Defi#itio#s

?rovirus: Viral =NA inserted into host =NA Dn ogenes: 9enes (ith the potential to ause "alignant trans'or"ation Eellular Dn ogenes (abbreviated c-onc): ;hese are nor"al ellular genes (hose produ ts ontrol regulation o' ell gro(th and division Viral Dn ogenes (abbreviated v-onc): 9enes arried b! ertain viruses ausing an er< Viral on ogenes are ho"ologs o' ellular on ogenes ;u"or &uppressor 9enes (anti-on ogenes): ;hese genes suppress3 or onstrain3 ell gro(th and repli ation
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!a(or %o#)e*ts of $umori"e#esis

2utation in a -on ogene or tu"or suppressor gene "a! result in unregulated gro(th o' ells ;ranslo ation3 (hi h lin.s an on ogene (ith a "ore a tive enhan er andGor pro"oter resulting in over e+pression (5ur.ittHs l!"pho"a) ?roteins )8 and )B o' the hu"an papillo"a virus o"bine (ith and ina tivate the p53 and p110 (Rb)3 respe tivel!
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S*e)ifi) ,iruses -sso)iated .ith /uma# %a#)ers

)5VI 5ur.ittHs l!"pho"a3 nasophar!ngeal3 and th!"i Ehroni 15V: ?ri"ar! hepato ellular ar ino"a Ehroni 1EV: ?ri"ar! hepato ellular ar ino"a 1?V: Eervi al ar ino"a 1;@V-1: E=0J ;- ell leu.e"iaGl!"pho"as ar ino"a

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1rio# or Slo. ,iral Diseases

;able V-15< ?rion =iseases #n'e tious =isease agent 1ost Eo""ents &uba ute &pongi'or" )n ephalopath! Kuru ?rion 1u"an (&&))$ Lore ;ribe - Ne( 9uinea$ onsu"ing in'e ted brains 1u"an &&) 9eneti predisposition

Ereut%'eldt-Ma.ob =isease 9erst"ann&traussler Latal La"ilial #nso"nia & rapie

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?rion ?rion ?rion ?rion

1u"an &&) 1u"an &&) &heep &&) - s raping their (ool o'' on 'en es<
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,iral 2e#eti)s
?henot!pi 2i+ing Related viruses o-in'e t ell (virus A and virus 5) Resulting proteins on the sur'a e are a "i+ture apsid o' A5 around nu lei a id o' either A or 5 ?henot!pi 2as.ing Related viruses o-in'e t ell (virus A and virus 5) Eapsid o' proteins o' virus A 'or" around nu lei a id o' 5 Eo"ple"entation ;(o related de'e tive viruses in'e t the sa"e ell< #' the! are de'e tive in di''erent genes3 viral progen! (still (ith "utated =NA) (ill be 'or"ed #' the! are de'e tive in the sa"e gene3 no progen! (ill be 'or"ed Eoin'e tion o' hepatitis 5 and = is a lini al e+a"ple o' o"ple"entation (here 15V supplies the needed sur'a e antigen 'or hepatitis =<

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9eneti Reassort"ent 6 9eneti &hi't ;(o di''erent strains o' a seg"ented RNA virus in'e t the sa"e ell< 2a7or ne( geneti o"binations are produ ed through Nshu''lingI resulting in stable and dra"ati hanges< 9eneti =ri't 2inor antigeni hanges 'ro" "utation D urs in "an! viruses 2ost noted in 1#V and in'luen%a Viral Ve tors Re o"binant viruses are produ ed that have o"binations o' hu"an repla e"ent genes (ith the de'e tive viral nu lei a id