 CHAIKIN OSCILLATOR

The Chaikin Oscillator or Volume Accumulation Oscillator consists of the

difference between two exponential moving averages (usually 3 and 10-
day) of the Accumulation Distribution Line indicator and is used to
confirm price movement or divergences in price movement. The
Chaikin Oscillator is more accurate than the On Balance Volume
indicator

On Balance Volume: adds all volume for the day if the close is positive,
even if the stock closed only a penny higher or subtracts all volume for
the day if the stock closes lower.

Chaikin Oscillator: factors in the closing price in relation to the highs,

lows, and average price and determines the appropriate ratio of volume to
be attributed to the day.

The main purpose of the Chaikin Oscillator is to confirm price trends and
warn of impending price reversals. The chart given below illustrates these
confirmation signals and divergence signals:
The Chaikin Oscillator is a helpful volume based technical indicator that
helps confirm the current price action or foreshadow future price
reversals.

Chaikin Oscillator

 PRICE OSCILLATOR

The Price Oscillator uses two moving averages, one shorter-period and
one longer-period, and then calculates the difference between the two
moving averages. The Price Oscillator technical indicator can be used to
determine overbought and oversold conditions as well as to confirm
bullish or bearish price moves.

The moving averages lengths are defined by the user. In the chart below
of the E-mini Russel 2000 futures contract, the 9-day and 18-day moving
averages are used:

PRICE OSCILLATOR OVERBOUGHT & OVERSOLD

The Price Oscillator can be used to detect when a trend is slowing down
and potentially could reverse. This occurs when the Price Oscillator
moves back towards the zero line. In contrast, when the Price Oscillator
is moving away from the zero line, the price trend is accelerating.

Moreover, the Price Oscillator can reveal areas of overbought and

oversold, which is shown below in the chart of the E-mini Russel 2000
Futures contract:

 PRICE VOLUME TREND

Price Volume Trend combines percentage price change and volume to

confirm the strength of price trends or through divergences, warn of
weak price moves.

Unlike other price-volume indicators, the Price Volume Trend takes into
consideration the percentage increase or decrease in price, rather than just
simply adding or subtracting volume based on whether the current price
is higher than the previous day's price. How the formula is calculated is
presented below:
On an up day, the volume is multiplied by the percentage price increase
between the current close and the previous time-period's close. This value
is then added to the previous day's Price Volume Trend value.

On a down day, the volume is multiplied by the percentage price decrease

between the current close and the previous time-period's close. This value
is then added to the previous day's Price Volume Trend value.

The Price Volume Trend is helpful in seeing divergences; examples of

these divergences are shown below in the chart of AT&T (T):

The Price Volume Trend indicator is usually interpreted as follows:

Increasing price accompanied by an increasing Price Volume Trend

value, confirms the price trend upward.

Decreasing price accompanied by a decreasing Price Volume Trend

value, confirms the price trend downward.

Increasing price accompanied by a decreasing or neutral Price Volume

Trend value is a divergence and is indicating that the price movement
upward is weak and lacking conviction.
Decreasing price accompanied by a increasing or neutral Price
Volume Trend value is a divergence and is indicating that the price
movement downward is weak and lacking conviction.

Price Volume Trend is a valuable technical analysis tool that combines both price and
volume to confirm price action or warn of potential weakness or lack of conviction by
buyers and sellers.