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1960 US Army Vietnam War Field Artillery Communications 231p
1960 US Army Vietnam War Field Artillery Communications 231p
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FIELD ARTILLERY
COMMUNICATIONS
Paragranhs Page
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ....------ 1-6 3
2. GENERAL
Section I. General --- ..............- 7-10 5
II. Communication in assembly areas ....................--.......... 11, 12 5
III. Communication during marches and halts ...-- 13, 14 6
IV. Communication during attack, reorganization, and pursuit . 15-20 6
V. Communication during defense ........................ 21, 22 7
VI. Communication during retrograde movements ..... 23-25 . ....----.
8
CHAPTER 3. DUTIES OF COMMUNICATION PERSONNEL ------------------------- 26-38 9
4. MEANS AND PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
Section I. Means of communication ....................--...- 39-45 13
II. Principles of communication establishment and responsibility -............... 46-53 15
CHAPTER 5. COMMUNICATION SECURITY
Section I. General -------------------------- 54-57 17
II. Cryptographic security ...................---------... 58-61 18
III. Physical security ...................... 62-65 19
IV. Transmission security .-............. 66-73 19
CHAPTER 6. SIGNAL ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS ----------------- 74-79 23
7. THE FIELD MESSAGE I 80 93 25
8. MESSAGE-CRYPTO CENTER OPERATION
Section I. General .-..------------------------.-- - 94-97 31
II. Handling outgoing messages ...... - 99, 98 ................--..----
34
III. Handling incoming messages .....................---....... 100-102 36
CHAPTER 9. RADIOTELEPHONE PROCEDURE-CONDUCT OF FIRE ................. 103-108 37
10. RADIO/WIRE INTEGRATION PROCEDURE ..................... 109-111 45
11. TELEPHONE AND SWITCHBOARD PROCEDURE ............... 112-115 49
12. TRAFFIC DIAGRAM AND LINE ROUTE MAP ---------------.------- 116-118 53
13. COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
Section I. General ............................-----........... 119-121 57
II. Wire equipment ..........................--................ 122-147 57
III. Radio equipment .......................--.--.. 148-163 74
CHAPTER 14. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Section I. Communication requirements ....................--..... 164-170 95
II. Communication system, army artillery ....... 171 174 ............--........
96
III. Communication system, corps artillery ........ 175-179 .... 98
IV. Communication system, artillery group .................... 180-185 103
V. Communication systems, artillery missile battalion, Redstone .-............... 186-190 107
VI. Communication system, artillery 280-mm gun battalion 191-196 110
VII. Communication system, artillery target acquisition battalion .--------- -------- 197-204 113
VIII. Communication system, artillery missile battalion, Corporal ................ 205-211 122
IX. Communication system, artillery missile battalion, Lacrosse, self-propelled . ........
212 217 126
X. Communication system, artillery missile battalion, Honest John rocket, self-propelled ----- 218-224 130
XI. Communication system, artillery missile battalion, Little John rocket, missile command
(air transportable).. -- 225-230 135
XII. Communication system, artillery howitzer battalion, 8-inch, towed or self-propelled --. . 231-236 . 138
XIII. Communication system, artillery howitzer battalion, 105-mm, towed, and artillery howitzer
battalion, 155-mm, towed and self-propelled ..............--......... 237-241 141
'This manual supersedes chapter 14, FM 6-20, 10 December 1958; chapter 10, FM 6-21, 24 February 1960; chapter 8, FM 6-25, 9 September
1960, chapter 8,FM 6-30,19 March 1959; section V,chapter 23, FM 6-40,9 November 1960; chapter 8, FM 6-45, 19 September 1960; chapter 8,
FM 6-61, 31 December 1959; chapter 10, FM 6-115, 2 August 1956; chapter 4, FM 6-120, 5 July 1951; chapter 9 and appendix Ill, FM 6-140,
23 August 1960.
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SectionXIV. Communication system, artillery howitzer battalion, 105-mm, self-propelled - . 242-246
...... 144
XV. Communication system, artillery howitzer battery, 105-mm, self-propelled, armored cavalry
squadron ..................................------ 247-251 148
XVI. Communication system, artillery searchlight battery -----------
.--------- -------- - 252-256 150
XVII. Communication system, infantry division artillery headquarters .------------- -257----- 257 261 153
XVIII. Communication system, infantry division artillery howitzer battalion, 105-mm and 155-mm
towed and self-propelled - .-- 262-266 160
XIX. Communication system, infantry division artillery battalion 762-mm rocket, self-propelled
and 8-inch howitzer, towed .........................-- -- 267-273 165
XX. Communication system, armored division artillery headquarters -. ..-- -- - 274-278 170
XXI. Communication system, armored division artillery howitzer battalion, 105-mm, self-propelled 279-283 175
XXII. Communication system, armored division artillery battalion, 155-mm howitzer, 8-inch
howitzer, 762-mm rocket, self-propelled .........
--. 284-288 . ..........--
180
XXIII. Communication system, airborne division artillery headquarters -..
......-- 289-293 183
XXIV. Communication system, airborne division artillery howitzer battery, 105-mm -------.---- 294-296 190
XXV. Communication system, airborne division artillery missile battery, Little John rocket ----- 297-300 192
XXVI. Communication system, U.S. Army missile command (medium) ........ --. 301-306 ..-- 195
XXVII. Communication system, artillery target acquisition battalion, U.S. Army missile command
(medium) ....... -- -.....---- . . ......
307 313 202
XXVIII. Communication systems employed in air-ground operations and fire support coordination
in the field army .....................................---.............
314-328 207 .
CHAPrTEl15. SIGNAL MAINTENANCE .. - --.----- 329-332 213
- -1-.-------
APPENDIX I -.------........----------- ------ 215
-II
.-................................................................... 217
III--. .............................................------ 221
INDEX
.- _.__ -- -- ------------------------ ------ 225
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
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CHAPTER 2
GENERAL
Section I. GENERAL
7. Introduction area system on a common-user basis. However
The ability of artillery to render effective fire when the artillery uses the area system as a
support depends on efficient communication. The means for transmitting fire control traffic, sole-
artillery commander must rely on his communi- user circuits are provided. The artillery com-
cation system in controlling elements of his munication officer must be provided with early
command, in gathering information and dis- information of impending displacements in
tributing intelligence, and in coordinating the order to complete the necessary liaison with the
fires of his units. Responsibility for communi- agency responsible for displacing the area sys-
cation rests with the commander at each tem stations. For detailed information on oper-
echelon. The commander exercises this respon- ation of area systems, see appropriate field
sibility through his staff communication officer, manuals in the 11-series.
who prepares communication plans and orders
and directs and supervises the installation, op- 9. Priority of Installation
eration, and maintenance of the communication In the establishment of artillery communica-
system. The training of organic personnel in tion systems, priority of installation is given to
the use of the various communication means is elements of the system concerned with fire sup-
also the responsibility of the communication port and fire direction. During movements and
officer. In addition, he supervises communica- in the initial phase of position occupation, reli-
tion security within the unit, assumes responsi- ance is placed on radio, but wire circuits are in-
bility for the on-line and off-line cryptographic stalled to parallel radio channels as soon as the
equipment, and supervises the electronic coun- situation permits.
termeasure activities of the unit.
10. Communication Planning
8. Area Communication Systems Communication planning is a continuous op-
The area communication system, installed by eration which begins with the commander's
the Signal Corps, is used to augment artillery estimate of the situation. This phase of plan-
communication systems and as an alternate ning is conducted concurrently with operational
means of communication. In short, the area planning, and is coordinated with the planning
system offers a means for expeditiously estab- of the other staff officers. Communication plan-
lishing a wire network between artillery ele- ning follows the normal phases of staff planning
ments when the length of lines required is be- described in FM 101-5. Communication plans
yond the capabilities of the units to establish or include all details necessary to clarify and co-
maintain. When the primary use of the area ordinate the signal activities of the affected
system is the handling of logistic and adminis- units, such as wire recovery, radio retransmis-
trative traffic, artillery units sometimes use the sion, and sole-user circuits.
6-20-1 is followed. Regardless of whether or force commander may decide to continue the
not displacement is accomplished by echelon, attack, to withdraw, or to defend. In any event,
communications must be maintained with the forces are regrouped to fit the new plan of ac-
command post of the supported unit through- tion, and communication systems are reorgan-
out. ized and altered to fit the new plans.
b. Since displacement by echelon presents b. The reorganization phase is critical for
many difficulties, communication plans made artillery communication. Artillery support is
before the attack include the possibility that all continuous, to protect the supported units and
means of communication other than radio may to assist in stopping counterattacks. Artillery
be temporarily impractical. The primary con- communication officers maintain existing com-
sideration in this situation is that communica- munication systems and prepare to extend or
tion must be maintained between the forward modify them as soon as a new decision is made.
and rear echelons, as well as with the forward Radio nets continue in operation.
observers and liaison officers. Ordinarily, dis- e. In preparation for a displacement, com-
placing echelons of an artillery battalion use the munication officers insure that signal equipment
battalion command/fire direction channel. is salvaged, serviced, and repaired, and they
assist in the redistribution of equipment within
18. Tactical Application of the units.
Communication During the Attack
The artillery commander prescribes to what 20. Communication During Pursuit
extent the wire and radio systems of the units a. The artillery is usually attached to the unit
are to be developed in any tactical situation. making the pursuit. The maintenance of com-
Initially, communication is by radio and mes- munication is more difficult because of the speed
senger, but wire communication is provided as of the operation and increased distances be-
rapidly as possible. Although speed is essential tween units. Reliance must be placed on radio
during the development of the attack, commu- communication.
nication security is vital. Since radio traffic is b. Rapid movement requires rapid and fre-
a source of information to the enemy, it is held quent displacement. Maintenance of contact be-
to a minimum. Messages sent by radio are tween units and between a unit's advance and
brief, and the rules of communication security rear command posts requires message center
are observed. (See ch. 5, and ACP 122-series, personnel, messengers, other communication
and FM 32-5.) Maximum use is made of au- personnel, and appropriate signal equipment at
thorized codes. (See ch. 14 for typical wire each installation.
systems and radio nets.) c. When an artillery unit displaces by eche-
lon, the first echelon includes radio sets for
19. Communication During communication in command and fire direction
Reorganization radio nets. Messengers with transportation are
a. After an attack has reached its objective maintained as needed at message centers. Air-
or has been stopped short of the objective, the craft may be used for drop and pickup service.
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DUTIES OF COMMUNICATION PERSONNEL
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CHAPTER 4
MEANS AND PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
placed under bridges and through tion and the characteristics of the radio sets
culverts. Areas in which wire is dictate their employment. The most important
likely to be damaged by traffic or characteristics of the radio sets used in field
enemy fire are avoided. Part of a wire artillery units are shown in chapter 13. To be
team lays the wire and the remainder capable of operating together, radio sets must
of the team policies it (throws it off have a common or overlapping frequency range,
the road, makes road crossings, etc.). be of the same type of modulation, and transmit
The laying of a line is not delayed for and receive the same type of signal, and the
policing however, except at critical stronger set must be kept within the trans-
points. mitting range of the weaker set. The operating
e. Switchboards. Switchboards are used to ranges shown in chapter 13 are for average
increase the flexibility of the wire systems and conditions; the ranges obtained may be more
to reduce the number of wire lines needed. The or less, depending on the skills of the oper-
line capacities of the switchboards vary. ators, the weather, the terrain, the interference,
f. Use of Telephones. Telephones are re- and the locations from which the sets are oper-
served for occasions when there is a need for ated. Powerlines and steel structures close to
discussion and speed. To insure that calls will operating sites reduce operating ranges.
be brief and to facilitate the entry of messages
42. Messenger Communication
in the unit or staff journal, the essential parts
of a message should be reduced to writing be- a. General.
fore a conversation begins. During critical (1) Messenger communication is a supple-
periods the use of telephones may be restricted mentary means available to all units.
to designated personnel, except for emergency The efficiency of messenger service de-
calls. pends on the selection and training of
the individuals who serve in this ca-
g. Use of Teletypewriter. In some artillery
pacity.
units teletypewriters are used in wire or radio
circuits to transmit messages. This equipment (2) Messenger communication is the most
furnishes both parties a written record of the secure of all the means of transmission.
messages exchanged. It is flexible and reliable; its speed
depends on the mode of travel, which
41. Radio Communication may be by foot, motor vehicle, or air-
a. General. Since radio is a principal means craft. It is the only means available
of communication, a sufficient number of radios within field artillery units for trans-
are provided to make radio communication mitting maps and documents. Mes-
available to' all commanders and key staff offi- senger service has some limitations,
cers. Additional radios are provided for com- however. It is vulnerable to enemy
mand posts, for fire control, and for other uses. action in forward areas and does not
All radio sets issued within the field artillery afford person-to-person conversation.
are capable of voice operation. Radios are also (3) Messengers are used when security
provided for communication between aircraft dictates or when delivery by messen-
and from air to ground. The types of radio ger is faster than other means. Mes-
equipment organic to artillery units is discussed senger service is an effective means
in chapter 13. For the employment of radio for delivering long messages over
communication in various units, see chapter 14. short distances.
b. Capabilities and Limitations. Radio com- b. Types of Messenger Service. Scheduled
munication is subject to natural interference messenger service is established when locations
(static), interference from other radio stations, are fixed and the amount of traffic warrants a
and deliberate interference (jamming) by un- fixed schedule. Special messengers are employed
friendly forces. Its reliability depends largely whenever required by the urgency of the mes-
on the skill of the operators. The tactical situa- sage. Messenger relay posts may be estab-
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lished when messages are carried frequently identify a particular unit. The combined panel
between the same points or units and when, system and panel recognition code, which is in-
because of the distance, difficulties of terrain, cluded in the unit SOI and FM 21-60, is used
or hostile activity, other messenger service is for this type of visual communication.
ineffective.
44. Sound Communication
43. Visual Communication
a. General. Visual communication is a sup- Sound is also a supplementary means of com-
munication that is available to all units. Sound
plementary means of communications that is signals are transmitted by whistles, bugles,
available to all units. Visual signals in field horns, gongs, klaxons, weapons, and other
artillery units are generally limited to panels,
noisemaking devices. They are used chiefly to
arm-and-hand signals, and other prearranged attract attention, transmit prearranged mes-
visual signals, such as the maneuver of aircraft.
sages, and spread alarms; they are kept simple
These visual means are suitable for transmit- to prevent misunderstanding. They serve as a
ting prearranged messages rapidly over short rapid means of communication over short dis-
distances. However, these visual signals are tances. On the other hand sound signals are
easily misunderstood. They are vulnerable to
very vulnerable to interception, and their use
interception and the enemy may use similar may be prohibited for security reasons. Their
signals to deceive or to create confusion. Their
use is restricted during periods of poor visibility range and reliability are greatly reduced by
battle noise.
or when line-of-sight locations are not available;
in addition, they may be prohibited for security
reasons. 45. Integration of Wire and Radio
b. Panels. Two general types of panels are Communication Systems
issued for communication with aircraft: mark- Wire and radio have been discussed as two
ing and identifying panels and panels for trans- separate and distinct means of communication.
mitting messages. Marking and identifying In operations, they may be closely integrated
panels are made in bright fluorescent colors. by using radio-wire integration equipment and
They may be used to mark positions and iden- radio relay equipment. For details pertaining
tify units as friendly. Black and white sets of to remote control equipment and the intercon-
panels for transmitting messages are issued for nection of radio and wire systems, see TM 11-
use on light and dark backgrounds, respectively. 486-series. For procedure to be used with radio/
They are used to transmit brief messages or to wire integration, see chapter 10.
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CHAPTER 5
COMMUNICATION SECURITY
Section I. GENERAL
54. Definition (4) Consider communication security re-
Communication security is the protection re- quirements in all operation planning.
sulting from all measures designed to deny un- (5) Take remedial action to eliminate
authorized persons information of value which causes of communication security
might be derived from a study of our communi- violations.
cations. Communication security includes trans- c. Responsibility rests with each person to
mission security, cryptographic security, and assist the commander in fulfilling his task. The
physical security. For complete details concern- security consciousness of the individual is an
ing communication security, see the appropriate important factor, since communication systems
AR's, JANAP's, ACP's, and FM 32-5. cannot overcome the effect of carelessness. Dis-
cussion of classified information with unau-
55. Responsibility thorized personnel, or in inappropriate places,
a. Communication security is a command re- constitutes a great hazard to security. There-
sponsibility. However, every individual en- fore, it is the responsibility of the individual
gaged in the preparation of material for trans- to report any apparent violation of, or weakness
mission or the actual transmission of material in, communication security to his superior.
is responsible for compliance with procedures
governing preparation, transmission, and safe- 56. Security Classification
guarding of communications. Security classification is based on the degree
b. In carrying out his communication secur- of danger to national security which would re-
ity responsibilities, the commander is normally sult from unauthorized disclosure of military or
assisted by the intelligence officer, who plans, official information. The classification system
coordinates and exercises staff supervision over establishes a standard of care for handling,
security matters within the command, and by storage, and dissemination of information be-
the communication officer. To fulfill his respon- longing to each classification. Security classifi-
sibility for communication security, the com- cations are discussed in detail in AR 380-5 and
mander may- AR 380-6.
(1) Maintain a continuous control system 57. Security Measures
to account for classified information, Security measures for the protection of mili-
equipment, and material. tary information, equipment, and material in-
(2) Conduct periodic and thorough inspec- clude defense against capture, salvage, theft,
tions to determine the adequacy of espionage, observation, photography, intercep-
physical security measures for the pro- tion, direction finding, traffic analysis, crypto-
tection of classified information and analysis, and imitative deception. High stand-
cryptographic equipment and material ards in training will preclude carelessness and
and to insure that cryptosystems are laxity of personnel. It is of utmost importance
properly used. that all personnel remain alert at all times to
(3) Develop adequate emergency plans in- provide adequate protection of defense infor-
cluding emergency destruction plans. mation, equipment, and material.
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his grade. Such material will be entrusted only sons whose duties require access to classified
to those individuals whose official or govern- material must be cleared to receive classified
ment duties require such knowledge. All per- information.
heard in the receiver can be eliminated or sub- fare personnel. Properly correlated jamming
stantially reduced by grounding or disconnect- information may serve as a warning of impend-
ing the receiving antenna, it may be assumed ing enemy action in a sector or on a broad front.
that the trouble is being caused by some exter- 72. Telephone Security
nal source. If the disturbance remains un-
changed when the antenna is disconnected or It is most important for users of the tele-
grounded, the set is not functioning properly. phone to understand the relative security in-
If interference is caused by some external herept to different types of circuits. Even if
source, a further check must be made to deter- the circuits are cleared for transmission of
mine whether the cause is enemy jamming or classified material, they must still be used with
accidental interference. extreme care. Just as the chain is as strong as
its weakest link, it is the weakest part of the
c. In most instances, antijamming measures overall telephone circuit that determines the
will go beyond the efforts of operators. The security of the overall circuit. When an overall
enemy can jam all radio circuits. Therefore, telephone connection contains weak links (such
until jam-proof equipment and techniques are as a simple two-wire telephone circuit near the
developed, all possible steps must be taken to front, a simple two-wire circuit among un-
minimize the effects of enemy jamming. It is friendly inhabitants, or a radio link circuit in
imperative that radio operators continue to a telephone system employed under similar con-
operate their set during enemy jamming at- ditions) there is no signal communications se-
tacks. The skill of the radio operator deter- curity even though the major part of the overall
mines his ability to work effectively through circuits is secure. For this reason, a high degree
jamming. He should remain calm and persist of telephone discipline must be observed by
in applying the proper antijamming techniques telephone users in a system.
and procedures. Most current radio relay equip-
ment has been designed with built-in antijam- 73. Monitoring
ming features. Radio monitor stations set up by central
d. A prompt, accurate, and complete report control agencies under area or higher com-
of enemy jamming is important, since an enemy mands are a vital factor in attaining the most
jamming attack is usually part of a well-organ- effective overall circuit discipline and operator
ized plan and frequently precedes important efficiency. Violations of transmission security
tactical maneuvers. The reports from the indi- and cryptosecurity and deviations from pre-
vidual radio operators, which frequently pro- scribed procedures may be discovered by monit-
vide intelligence on the extent and importance oring and reported to the stations responsible,
of enemy action, are normally compiled at divi- together with suitable references, instructional
sion or corps headquarters by electronic war- material, and log excerpts.
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SIGNAL ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS
commanding officer, the recommendations of the could serve as a means gaining additional in-
communication officer, the SOP of the next telligence. Therefore, the complete SOI of any
higher headquarters, and the state of training echelon should not be taken forward of the com-
of the command. mand post of the echelon to which it is issued.
c. Flexibility. A signal SOP must be revised When an SOI or an extract is compromised, the
from time to time as the training of the unit fact must be reported and the SOI must be re-
progresses in order to eliminate superfluous de- placed immediately. For information concern-
tails and to insure the development of concise, ing the storage of classified material, see AR
final instructions suitable for contemplated op- 380-5. A record should be maintained of all
erations. extracted portions of an SOI, and personnel
d. Use of the Signal SOP. The signal SOP within units should be instructed to destroy
should have widespread distribution within the these items if capture is imminent.
unit. All key operating personnel should know
the signal SOP of the unit since it affects not 78. Standing Signal Instructions
only communication personnel but also users of The standing signal instructions (SSI) con-
the communication systems. tain operating instructions, not subject to fre-
quent change, that are required in the employ-
77. Signal Operation Instructions ment of signal communications throughout the
a. General. The signal operation instruc- issuing command. It includes instructions that
tions (SOI) consist of technical instructions, explain the various procedures to be followed
subject to frequent change, that are required in in using the individual items of the SOI. When
the employment of signal communication. The no SSI is published, these instructions are in-
SOI is generally prepared and issued by the sig- corporated in the SOI.
nal officer at a headquarters of division level a. Distribution. Items of the standing signal
and above. Radio frequencies and call signs instructions receive the same distribution as
may be assigned to corps artillery and division SOI items. The signal officer may make addi-
artillery in blocks, and the communication offi- tional distribution, when necessary.
cer of these units will be required to prepare an b. Classification. Security classifications are
extract SOI assigning frequencies and call signs held to a minimum to permit wider distribution
to subordinate units. Units authorized retrans- and ease of handling.
mission equipment should be assigned frequen-
cies suitable for retransmission. 79. Routine Signal Orders
b. Distribution. Distribution of the signal To insure coordination of signal communica-
operation instructions is made to subordinate tions throughout the command, it is necessary
units, next higher headquarters, and the head- from time to time to issue routine signal orders.
quarters of adjacent commands. Certain items
These orders are prepared by the staff signal
of the SOI, should be extracted and given wide officer and contain information and instructions
distribution within the unit.
of general and more than temporary interest.
c. Classification. Each portion of the SOI is The following subjects might be covered in
classified according to its content, as prescribed routine signal orders:
by AR 380-5 and AR 380-6. The classification
a. Changes in allowances of equipment.
is marked or stamped at the top and bottom of
each page of the classified portion. The assem- b. Correction of abuses in the use of equip-
bled SOI is assigned the same classification as ment and services.
the portion with the highest classification. c. Deficiencies in training and operations.
d. Security. SOI's include information that d. Standing operating procedure.
is of particular value to the enemy because it e. Supply and maintenance instructions.
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THE FIELD MESSAGE
of addressess will be sent to message center. A mines the precedence on the basis of the con-
copy of each message written should be retained tents of the message and the time factor in-
by the writer. volved. He must select the lowest adequate pre-
c. The message form is used whether the cedence. To communication personnel, pre-
message is to be transmitted by electrical means cedence means the relative order of handling
or carried by messenger. and delivery. To the addressee, precedence in-
dicates the order in which he notes or reads a
83. Procedures for Writing the Message message. The six precedence designations are
shown in figure 3. The precedence will not be
Filling in the message form involves 10 steps taken for granted; one of the authorized desig-
as discussed in paragraphs 84 through 93 and nations will be used.
shown in figure 2.
85. Number
84. Precedence The writer's message number is entered in
The assignment of precedence to a message the space provided after the abbreviated word
is the responsibility of the originator. To the "No." There are no regulations concerning the
writer, precedence means the required speed of assignment of this number; each command spe-
delivery to the addressee. The writer deter- cifies its own procedures.
To 17Pri
COIS-How Sn 17
I- _ _ - _
/1eC`a5 5 I t Laa e,&7
- - - - - - -- - -
For Sf
PLAN ,4S/E£,' /FFF2/ZK £223/J#dZ
=,Qt7orized
to St
& SGTkUrvEtAN
GUA WRIT t3
SIGNATURE AND GRADE OF WRITER
Figure 2. Completed field message.
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86. Date for, in, on, and the, should be eliminated unless
The date, the month (abbreviated), and the essential to the meaning. The text of a message
year, in that order is entered in the space pro- consists of two parts, the internal instructions
vided after the word "Date." and the body.
a. Internal Instructions. The internal in-
87. Official Designation of the Addressee structions may consist of any required addi-
The official designation of the addressee is tional addressee and originator designations
entered in the space provided after the word (par. 82) and will begin on the first line of the
"TO." The addressee is the commander of the body of the message form. The word "for" will
organization to which the message is sent. be used to indicate that the message should be
delivered to a specific office or individual at the
88. Security Classification location addressed. It is followed by an abbre-
AR 380-5 requires that the security classifi- viated title of the person or office within the
cation be indicated at the top and bottom of a agency, command, or installation for whom the
classified item. The proper security classifica- message is intended.
tion-TOP SECRET, SECRET, CONFIDEN- b. Body. The body of the text will follow the
TIAL, CONFIDENTIAL-MODIFIED HAN- internal instructions.
DLING AUTHORIZED, or UNCLASSIFIED
-will be entered above and below the text of 90. Official Designation of Sender
the message. Circle the classification to sepa- Enter the official designation of the origina-
rate it from other elements of the message. tor in the appropriate block. The originator is
a. The originator is responsible for the se- identified as the sender in the M-210-A mes-
curity classification of the message (originator sage form. In other words, the originator is the
is identified as the sender in the M210-A mes- commander (designated by title and organiza-
sage form), but the writer is responsible for tion) by whose authority the message is sent.
determining the proper security classification He must be distinguished from the writer, who
of the message in the name of the originator. composes the text. The writer and originator
No assumptions can be made about security. may or may not be the same person.
The writer must separately and independently
designate the security classification of each 91. Time Signed
message. The writer will enter the time he signed the
b. The message center will not accept a mes- message. If he signs the message on the same
sage that has not been identified and marked day shown in the date block, he will enter only
with its security classification. This applies to the hour, minute, and zone suffix. If the two
both tactical and administrative messages. If dates' differ, he will enter the complete date-
speed is so essential that the time required for time group to show the day of the month, the
encryption and decryption cannot be taken and hour, and the zone suffix.
the transmitted information cannot be acted a. A sample date-time group is 211415-. The
upon by the enemy in time to influence current first two digits (21) indicate the 21st day of
operations, a message of any classification ex- the current month. (Two digits are always
cept TOP SECRET may be sent in the clear. shown, even for days prior to the tenth, by
However, only the commanding officer or his using a zero before the digit. For example, the
authorized representative can authorize trans- seventh day would be shown as 07). The second
mission in the clear. pair of digits (14) indicate the hour, and the
last pair (15) indicate the minutes after the
89. Text hour; i is a suffix indicating the time zone.
The text of a message must be clear, accurate, b. The TIME SIGNED block should bear a
and brief. As few words as clarity will permit time zone suffix to indicate the time zone used.
will be used in the message, Conjunctions, The theater commander may authorize the local
prepositions, and articles, such as a, and, but, zone suffix for messages that will not leave the
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Precedence
Precedence Example of use Order of handling
designation
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time zone in which the theater is located. In commanding officer or his representative. This
other instances, the theater commander may authorization is indicated by the statement
require the use of Greenwich mean time. "authorized to be sent in the clear" followed by
the signature and grade of the authorizing per-
92. Signature and Grade of Writer son. This statement is circled to separate it
A block is provided for the writer to sign his from the other elements of the message. If no
name and grade. signature appears, the message will be en-
crypted prior to transmission by electrical
93. Authorized to be Sent in the Clear means.
Each classified message to be transmitted in
the clear must be authorized separately by the
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CHAPTER 8
MESSAGE CRYPTO CENTER OPERATION
Section I. GENERAL
32 AGO IO060A
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97. Files and Records receipt is obtained from the receiving headquar-
ters. It is then indorsed and placed in the dead
Elaborate records must be avoided. However, file.
pertinent classified and unclassified publications b. Dead File. The dead file consists of the
governing the operation of mechanical and duplicate copies of all receipted outgoing mes-
electro-mechanical cipher devices (TSEC/KL- sages and completed receipt forms. This file is
7 and TSEC/KW-9) and the control of associ- turned over to the S1 or other designated person
ated material must be on hand. All message by the communication officer at frequent inter-
center personnel must be familiar with the in- vals (usually daily) so that messages may be
structions included in these publications and included in the unit journal or other official
responsible commanders must insure strict com- records of the headquarters.
pliance with these directives. Additional records c. Message Clerk's File. The message clerk
that may be required are listed in a through f retains on file the original clear text copy of
below. each outgoing cryptogram and the original
a. Live File. The duplicate clear text copy or cryptographed copy of each incoming crypto-
skeleton copy of each outgoing message proc- gram. Care must be taken to insure that the
essed by the message center is placed in the live clear text and the cryptographed copy of a
file. This copy remains in the live file until a single message are never filed together. These
(INCOMING)
(OUTGOING)
MESSAGE CENTER LOG DATE
I I I I I I I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
I
I I iI I I _I I I
_____
_ _
_
_III__ -
_
~1
_ =______ _
_ __ _ _
L===..j____
I__ II__ _
______________
_ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ I__
______I_
_ _ _ I___ _ _ _ _
files are disposed of as directed by the commu- with other units. The Communication Status
nication officer. Log DA Form 2150-R (fig. 4) will be repro-
d. Operator'sFile. The file kept by the radio duced locally on 8- by 101/2-inch paper.
and teletypewriter operators will contain a copy f. Message Center Log. The Message Center
of each message sent or received. The file will Log (DA Form 2151-R) is a daily chronological
be disposed of as directed by the communica- record of all messages handled by the message
tions officer.
center. A separate log is maintained for in-
e. Communication Status Log. The Commu-
coming and outgoing messages. The logs are
nication Status Log (DA Form 2150-R) is a
record maintained by the message center which closed as of 2400 hours daily. Any message not
shows the current availability of all means of yet receipted for must be checked to insure that
communication used by the message center. It the message has been received by the addressee.
is used to determine the best available routing When all messages have been cleared, the log is
for messages. The operators of the various placed in the dead file. The message center log
communication facilities keel) the message cen- DA Form 2151-R (fig. 5) will be reproduced
ter informed of the status of communication locally on 8- by 101/-inch paper.
DELIVERIES TO DATE
5t/'f sa5
Me e ConL-d dOl MW'rch 6/
MESSAGE TIME OF MESSAGE TIME OF
CENTER NR DELIVERY CENTER NR DELIVERY
CHECKED BY AT
DA1ISEPT
DA FFOpRTM5 11 39
5411... EDITION OF I OCT 49 WILL BE USED UNTIL EXHAUSTED GPO 880453 1
machine TSEC/KL-7, TSEC/KW-9, or, in count and this information is entered on the
emergency, the operations code. The TSEC/ outgoing message log.
KL-7 encrypted text is entered on a message d. Transmission. The message is transmitted
form together with the time filed, message cen- by the means operator to the addressee. When
ter number, how sent, and date-time group. the addressee's station receipts for the message,
Radio call signs or routing indicators are placed the means operator places his initials and the
on the message in lieu of the clear designation time of receipt on the message. The message
of the originator and addressee. The proper center is notified of the time of receipt, and the
authenticators and group count are also placed message is placed in the operator's file.
on the message, which is then sent to the means e. Recording the Receipt. On receiving the
operator for transmission. The clear text origi- time of receipt from the means operator, the
nal copy is placed in the message clerk's file. message clerk removes the duplicate clear text
Worksheets, tapes, and other material related copy from the live file, indorses it, completes
to the message are destroyed by burning. The the entry in the outgoing message log, and files
senior message clerk is notified of the group the copy in the dead file.
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CHAPTER 9
RADIOTELEPHONE PROCEDURE-CONDUCT OF FIRE
38 AGO 10060A
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Computer A at bn (by wire) DEFLECTION 2765.
Telephone operator at Btry A (by wire) DEFLECTION 2765.
Computer A at bn (by wire) QUADRANT 381.
Telephone operator at Btry A (by Wire) QUADRANT 381.
When the pieces fire, the recorderreports.
Telephone operator at Btry A (by wire) ON THE WAY.
Computer A at bn (by wire) ON THE WAY.
F1 base set operator ON THE WAY, OVER.
Forward observer's operator ON THE WAY, WAIT-LEFT 100, DROP
200, OVER.
F1 base set operator LEFT 100, DROP 200, WAIT-
Computer A at bn (by wire) DEFLECTION 2784.
Telephone operator at Btry A (by wire) DEFLECTION 2784.
Computer A at bn (by wire) QUADRANT 365.
Telephone operator at Btry A (by wire) QUADRANT 365-ON THE WAY.
Computer A at bn (by wire) ON THE WAY.
F1 base set operator ON THE WAY, OVER.
Forward observer's operator ON THE WAY, WAIT-ADD 100, OVER.
F1 base set operator ADD 100, WAIT-
Computer A at bn (by wire) DEFLECTION 2787.
Telephone operator at Btry A (by wire) DEFLECTION 2787.
Computer A at bn (by wire) QUADRANT 373.
Telephone operator at Btry A (by wire) QUADRANT 373-ON THE WAY.
Computer A at bn (by wire) ON THE WAY.
F1 base set operator ON THE WAY, OVER.
Forward observer's operator ON THE WAY, WAIT-LEFT 20, DROP 50,
FIRE FOR EFFECT, OVER.
F1 base set operator LEFT 20, DROP 50, FIRE FOR EFFECT,
WAIT-
Computer A at bn (by wire) FUZE VT, BATTERY 4 ROUNDS, DEFLEC-
TION 2788.
Telephone operator at Btry A (by wire) FUZE VT, BATTERY 4 ROUNDS, DEFLEC-
TION 2788.
Computer A at bn (by wire) TIME 21.0, QUADRANT 369.
Telephone operator at Btry A (by wire) TIME 21.0, QUADRANT 369-
FIRING FOR EFFECT.
Computer A at bn (by wire) FIRING FOR EFFECT.
F1 base set operator FIRING FOR EFFECT, OVER.
Forward observer's operator FIRING FOR EFFECT, OVER.
Telephone operator at Btry A (by wire) ROUNDS COMPLETE.
Computer A at bn (by wire) ROUNDS COMPLETE.
F1 base set operator ROUNDS COMPLETE, OVER.
Forward observer's operator ROUNDS COMPLETE, WAIT-
END OF MISSION, MACHINEGUNS SI-
LENCED, 8 CASUALTIES, OVER.
F1 base set operator END OF MISSION, MACHINEGUNS SI-
LENCED, 8 CASUALTIES, OUT.
Computer A at bn (by wire) END OF MISSION, CONCENTRATION
BRAVO JULIETT 386.
Telephone operator at Btry A (by wire) END OF MISSION, CONCENTRATION
BRAVO JULIETT 386.
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e. Fire Commands to Both Batteries by Radio. When wire communication with the batteries is not
available, the fire commands will be transmitted by radio. Fire direction net 1 will be used by the F1
base set, the forward observer, and the adjusting battery. Fire direction net 2 will be used by the F2
base set and the nonadjusting battery. In the following example, the forward observer has sent his
initial fire request, and the S3 has decided to mass the battalion on this target.
F1 base set operator BATTALION, 4 VOLLEYS, CONCENTRA-
TION BRAVO JULIETT 387, OVER.
Forward observer's operator BATTALION, 4 VOLLEYS, CONCENTRA-
TION BRAVO JULIETT 387, OVER.
(Fire commands are sent to each firing battery as they are produced. Since the batteries do not know
on which channel they will receive their fire commands, both listen on fire direction net 1and fire direction
net 2. Normally, however, the nonadjusting battery will receive commands on fire direction net 2.
Commands can then be sent simultaneously without interference. In the howitzer battalions of the
armored division, each battery will receive fire commands on its own fire direction net.)
F1 base set operator 29, FIRE MISSION, OVER.
Btry A F1 radio operator 29, FIRE MISSION, OVER.
F2 base set operatdr 49, FIRE MISSION, OVER.
Btry B F2 radio operator 49, FIRE MISSION, OVER.
F1 base set operator BATTERY ADJUST, SHELL HE, LOT
HOTEL, CHARGE 5, FUZE QUICK, OVER.
Btry A F1 radio operator BATTERY ADJUST, SHELL HE, LOT
HOTEL, CHARGE 5, FUZE QUICK, OVER.
F1 base set operator CENTER ONE ROUND, BATTERY 4
ROUNDS, VT IN EFFECT, OVER.
Btry A F1 radio operator CENTER ONE ROUND, BATTERY 4
ROUNDS, VT IN EFFECT, OVER.
F1 base set operator DEFLECTION 2765, OVER.
Btry A F1 radio operator DEFLECTION 2765, OVER.
F1 base set operator QUADRANT 381, OVER.
Btry A Fl radio operator QUADRANT 381, OVER.
While these commands are being sent, commands are also being sent to the nonadjusting battery.
F2 base set operator BATTERY ADJUST, SHELL HE, LOT
XRAY YANKEE, CHARGE 4, FUZE VT,
OVER.
Btry B F2 radio operator BATTERY ADJUST, SHELL HE, LOT
XRAY YANKEE, CHARGE 4, FUZE VT,
OVER.
F2 base set operator BATTERY 4 ROUNDS, DO NOT LOAD,
OVER.
Btry B F2 radio operator BATTERY 4 ROUNDS, DO NOT LOAD,
OVER.
F2 base set operator DEFLECTION 2382, OVER.
Btry B F2 radio operator DEFLECTION 2-382, OVER.
F2 base set operator TIME 16.0, QUADRANT 230, OVER.
Btry B F2 radio operator TIME 16.0, QUADRANT 230, OVER.
Btry A F1 radio operator ON THE WAY, OVER.
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CHAPTER 10
RADIO/WIRE INTEGRATION PROCEDURE
the calling party into the line pack of (3) When the calling party hears this
the radio set control AN/GSA-7, a transmission he will then ask the
rushing sound will be heard. When switchboard operator to connect him
the calling party hears the rushing to the party with whom he wishes to
sound he can make his initial call. speak.
Calling BUGLER 1, THIS IS Calling CADRE CONTROL,
party BUGLER 5, OVER. party THIS IS CADRE 1.
(7) The conversation between BUGLER GIVE ME CADRE
1 and BUGLER 5 will be made using 5 OVER.
normal radiotelephone procedure. (4) To inform the calling party that he
When the conversation has been com- has received the call and will comply.
pleted, both stations will ring off. The switchboard operator transmits
(8) When the station(s) ring off, the as follows:
switchboard operator will come back Switchboard CADRE 1, THIS IS
on the circuit to see if either station operator CADRE CON-
wishes to talk to anyone else. TROL, WILCO,
Switchboard THIS IS BUGLER WAIT (OUT)-
operator CONTROL, OVER. (5) The switchboard operator, without in-
(9) If neither station answers, the switch- terconnecting the radio and telephone
board operator can then break down circuits, calls the desired party by tele-
the call. If one of the stations answers phone, using his telephone directory
the call, the switchboard can then name and number. He tells the called
break down the part not concerned. party that he has a radio call for him.
C. The following is an example of a call origi- Switchboard KAPOK 2, THIS IS
natinig at a radio. operator THE KAPOK OP-
(1) The calling party (CADRE 1) wishes ERATOR. I HAVE
to talk with the division artillery S2 A CALL FOR YOU
(CADRE 5). Using the 1600-cycle OVER RADIO
switch on the RT-67, the calling party FROM KAPOK 6.
sends out a signal not exceeding 2 sec- USE YOUR RADIO
onds. It is possible that more than CALL WORD AND
one switchboard could have a radio set SUFFIX NUMBER
control AN/GSA-7 on this same fre- AND STRICT RA-
quency and several switchboards DIOTELEPHO N E
would have drops to fall; in this event, PROCEDURE.
the calling party would wait approxi- WHEN YOU
mately 5 seconds and then make the HEAR THE
initial call to the control station RUSHING
(switchboard) with which he wishes SOUND YOU
to talk. ARE ON THE AIR.
Calling CADRE CONTROL, MAKE THE INI-
party THIS IS CADRE 1, TIAL CALL.
OVER. (6) When the called party hears the rush-
(2) When the switchboard operator ing sound, he then makes his initial
(CADRE CONTROL) hears this call, call.
he answers. All other switchboard Called party CADRE 1, THIS IS
operators break down the call. CADRE 5, OVER.
Switchboard CADRE 1, THIS IS (7) The calling party transmits his mes-
operator CADRE CO N- sage and the conversation ends. Both
TROL, OVER. parties ring off if possible.
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(8) When the station(s) ring off, the (9) If neither station answers, the switch-
switchboard operator will come back board operator can then break down
on the air to see if either station the call. If one of the stations answers
wishes to talk to anyone else. the call, the switchboard operator can
Switchboard THIS IS CADRE then break down the part not con-
operator CONTROL, OVER. cerned.
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CHAPTER 11
TELEPHONE AND SWITCHBOARD PROCEDURE
phone directory names and numbers for the receiving the message are usually neither the
calling party. originator nor addressee. An oral message nor-
(1) In placing an urgent call, the calling mally is not written on the prescribed message
party initiates the call, using the op- form or submitted to the message center for
erating phrase URGENT CALL FOR, transmission, but, since a third person is in-
then announces the called party's tele- volved, operating words and phrases are used.
phone directory name and number fol- For example-
lowed by the operating phrase THIS (1) After the calling and called parties
IS and his official designation. Conse- have been connected, the phrase MES-
quently, to place an urgent call from SAGE FOLLOWS is used by the trans-
the liaison officer, 1st Howitzer Bat- mitting operator to alert the receiving
talion, 3d Artillery, to the battalion operator that a message which re-
commander the switchboard operator quires recording is about to follow.
announces URGENT CALL FOR
(2) Words and phrases, such as READ
KENNEL SIX. THIS IS KENNEL
BACK, I READ BACK, THAT IS
NINE.
CORRECT, WRONG, SAY AGAIN, I
(2) In placing a routine call, the calling SAY AGAIN, ROGER, OVER, OUT,
party announces to the switchboard etc., are used by both parties where
operator the directory name and num- applicable.
ber of the called party. Consequently,
to place a routine call from the com- (3) Assume that the S3, 1st Howitzer Bat-
manding officer of battery A, 1st How- talion, 3d Artillery, tells his operations
itzer Battalion, 17th Artillery, to the sergeant to call the commanding offi-
battalion S3, the switchboard operator cer of Battery A and give him the fol-
announces KENNEL THREE. A call lowing information: HAVE SURVEY
for an unlisted telephone, such as the DETAIL CONSISTING OF FOUR
battalion OP, 1st Howitzer Battalion, MEN AND ONE VEHICLE RE-
3d Artillery, would be announced to PORT TO POINT XRAY at 1320S.
the switchboard operator as KENNEL The operations sergeant, using the S3
OP. phone, rings the switchboard operator
and says KRAGSHOT SIX.
c. Response. In response to telephone calls,
the answering party should state the directory (4) The switchboard operator puts the
name and number of the telephone and his offi- call through, and the battery com-
cial designation; for example KENNEL SIX, mander's operator answers KRAG-
SPEAKING: KENNEL THREE, SPEAK- SHOT SIX, OPERATOR SPEAK-
ING: or KENNEL THREE, OPERATOR ING.
SPEAKING. (5) The operations sergeant then trans-
d. Conversations. The procedure in person- mits: THIS IS KENNEL THREE,
to-person conversations, other than that used OPERATIONS SERGEANT SPEAK-
in placing and answering the call, follows no ING, MESSAGE FOLLOWS, READ
particular pattern of operating words and BACK, HAVE SURVEY DETAIL
phrases. The parties connected use normal con- CONSISTING OF FOUR MEN AND
versational language. To obtain maximum bene- ONE VEHICLE REPORT TO POINT
fit from the military telephone system, however, XRAY AT 1320 SIERRA, OVER.
person-to-person conversations should be well (6) The receiving operator at KRAG-
thought-out before the call is placed. The use SHOT SIX transmits I READ BACK,
of prepared notes is recommended. HAVE SURVEY DETAIL CONSIST-
e. Oral Messages. The transmission of an ING OF' FOUR MEN AND ONE
oral message differs from person-to-person con- VEHICLE REPORT TO POINT
versation in that the persons transmitting and XRAY AT 1320 SIERRA, OVER.
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(7) The message is read back correctly, ing party that the called telephone central
and the operations sergeant transmits (KRAGSHOT) does not answer.
THAT IS CORRECT, OUT. g. I WILL RING AGAIN-Phrase used by
an operator when, in supervising a connection,
115. Switchboard Operating Phrases he is informed that the called party did not
The switching central which provides the answer.
wire system with flexibility and is the heart of h. WHAT IS YOUR NUMBER PLEASE-
the wire system. It is of primary importance Phrase used by an operator if, after supervising
that all switchboard operators and communica- a connection, he is given a new number to call
tion personnel use a standardized procedure and by one of the parties but is unable to identify
method in operating the switchboard. A com- the calling party.
plete list of words and phrases to be used by i. HAVE YOU FINISHED-Phraseused by
operators, for all types of operations, are pub- the operator in supervising a connection. He
lished in ACP 134 (A). A partial list of the repeats the challenge if no reply is heard.
more commonly used operating phrases are- j. CONFERENCE CALL, KENNEL FIVE,
a. KENNEL OPERATOR-In answering an KENNEL THREE, KENNEL TWO, I WILL
incoming call, the switchboard operator an- CALL YOU BACK-Phrases used by the oper-
nounces his telephone directory name followed ator to indicate that he has understood correctly
by the word "operator." the numbers given him by the calling party and
b. KENNEL SIX-On receiving the number that, after completing the calls, he will call the
from the calling party, the switchboard opera- originator back as requested.
tor repeats the telephone directory name and k. CONFERENCE CALL, KENNEL FIVE,
number exactly as it was given him by the call- KENNEL THREE, KENNEL TWO, ONE
ing party. MOMENT PLEASE-Phrases used by the op-
c. WHAT NUMBER PLEASE-Phraseused erator to indicate that he has understood cor-
by the operator to request repetition of a num- rectly the number given him, and to hold the
ber which he has not understood. calling party on the line while the connection
d. THE LINE IS BUSY-Phrase used by the is being completed.
operator to report that a local telephone, for I. CONFERENCE CALL FOR YOU, ONE
which he has received a call, is already in use MOMENT PLEASE-Phrases used by the op-
or that all trunks to a desired central are in use. erator to inform the called party that he has
e. KENNEL SIX, URGENT CALL-On re- a conference call for him and that there will be
ceiving an urgent call, the switchboard operator a delay in completing the connection.
repeats the telephone directory name and num- m. YOUR CONFERENCE CALL, G 0O
ber followed by the phrase URGENT CALL. AHEAD, PLEASE-Phraseused by the opera-
f. KRAGSHOT DOES NOT ANSWER- tor to inform the calling party that the connec-
Phrase used by the operator to inform the call- tion is complete and conversation may begin.
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CHAPTER 12
TRAFFIC DIAGRAM AND LINE ROUTE MAP
116. Definition of a Traffic Diagram switching centrals. Simplex circuits and phan-
A traffic diagram is an illustration showing tom circuits are included as channels only when
the number of telephones or teletypewriter cir- the switchboard operator can control these cir-
cuits existing between switching centrals of a cuits; e.g., when the phantom or simplex circuit
wire system. Long local circuits may also be is terminated through a repeating coil and a
shown. line pack.
a. Preparation. A traffic diagram at battal- d. When possible, systems connecting higher,
ion level or lower normally is prepared by the lower, and adjacent units should be included in
switchboard operator and maintained by the the diagram.
operator(s) on duty. At division artillery level e. Marginal information is not included in a
or higher, the diagram is normally prepared traffic diagram. However, if a copy of the
and maintained by the wire chief. In units traffic diagram is to be forwarded to higher
equipped with the switchboard SB-22/PT, the headquarters, the copy forwarded should in-
traffic diagram is drawn on the yellow strip on clude the following:
the outside of the switchboard cover. Circuits (1) Name of diagram.
will be tested and determined to be in operating (2) Unit designation of the originator.
condition before they are recorded on the traffic
diagram. (3) The date and time of preparation.
b. Purpose. The traffic diagram is used by (4) Authentication. (The communication
officer or his authorized representative
the switchboard operator to route calls by the
most direct route. A traffic diagram also shows must sign the traffic diagram to prop-
erly authenticate it.)
alternate routes if direct routes are busy or out
of service. f. Figure 8 represents a type traffic diagram
c. SecuLrity. Local security measures will de- which was prepared by the 1st Howitzer, Bat-
termine the extent of information that will be talion, 3d Artillery, and forwarded to higher
placed on traffic diagrams. headquarters.
AGO 1000OA
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Kennel
OP
2 /2
d. Disposition. One copy of the line route indicated on the line route map are laid on the
map will be sent to the next higher headquar- ground unless otherwise indicated. Overhead
ters, and one copy will be posted at the switch- circuits or underground circuits will be shown
board of the originating headquarters. by their appropriate symbol. Every line route
e. Construction. The line route map should map prepared on overlay paper must include
contain only lines, symbols, and notations neces- two orientation points taken from the map from
sary for clarity. Each headquarters or estab- which the overlay was made. The following in-
lishment served by the wire system is shown by formation will be placed on the line route map
the authorized military symbol. Switching cen- whenever space is available.
trals, which are part of the wire system, are (1) Name of map. (Line route map.)
shown by the authorized military symbol, and
telephones are represented by a small circle. (2) The designation of the unit preparing
Telephone lines are represented by a single line the line route map.
drawn along the exact route over which the cir- (3) The date and time of preparation.
cuit is installed. Local circuits are also repre- (4) Title and scale of map.
sented by a single line drawn along the exact
route over which the circuit is installed. How- (5) Authentication. (Normally authenti-
ever, only long locals are shown. The number cated by the unit communication offi-
of physical circuits installed along a particular cer).
route is indicated by a number placed next to f. Security. Line route maps normally will
the line. Simplex and phantom circuits are not not be taken into forward areas. Maintenance
shown on the line route map. Field wire circuits crews will carry only the extracts which pertain
54 AGO 10060A
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to their particular mission; such extracts will type line route map prepared by the 1st Howit-
not include unit designations. zer Battalion, 8th Artillery.
g. Type Line Route Map. Figure 9 shows a
48 @*0
IB I
42+ Al 6
2
6 4
+40
Line Route Map
52
Ist How Bn, 8th Arty
As of 1300 hours,
19 June 59
Map-Fort Sill,
Oklahoma,Sheet
6353 III NW,
Scale, 1:25,000
W.L. Melvin
Capt, Arty, Comm Off
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CHAPTER 13
COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
Section I. INTRODUCTION
119. General necessary to install, operate, and maintain a
This chapter contains general information unit wire system, to include teletypewriter
concerning communication equipment used in equipment.
field artillery units. For detailed information
pertaining to this equipment and equipment not 121. Radio Equipment
included in this chapter, see the appropriate
Radio equipment consists of signal equip-
11-series technical manuals. ment necessary to install, operate, and maintain
120. Wire Equipment 'unit radio nets, to include radio-teletypewriter
Wire equipment consists of signal equipment equipment.
PYLETN
POLYETHYLENE 4 COPPER
INSULATION 3 STEEL STRANDS
FM24 20-9
AGO 10060A
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FM 6-10
REEL /
DR-15-
Figure 12. Telephone cable assembly CX-1065/G, wound on cable reel DR-15.
AGO 10060A 59
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FM 6-10
end with a universal connector. The four con- 126. Telephone Cable Splicing
ductors and steel braid are separated at the Equipment
other end, allowing the spiral-four cable to be
Field telephone cable splices can be made with
connected to terminal equipment not equipped
either telephone cable splicing kit MK-
with universal connectors. The assembly weighs
2 pounds and contains a pair of 6- millihenry 356( )/G or tool kit TE-33. (Nomenclature
followed by ( ) refers to all models of the
loading coils which decrease the cable attenua-
item of equipment.)
tion on the 0- to 20-kilocycle frequency range.
The end caps should be kept screwed on the a. Telephone Cable Splicing Kit MK-
loading coil when it is not in use to protect the 356( )/G. Telephone cable splicing kit MK-
faces from moisture, dirt, and damage. 356( )/G (fig. 14), is designed for rapidly
(1) A nylon yarn braid covers the open splicing telephone cable WD-1/TT (standard
ends of the steel braid. The steel braid splice). The kit consists of splicing tool TL-
termination is made at the top of the 582 ( )/U, 4 magazines, 1 bag, and 200 splic-
nylon braid for ease of identification. ing connectors (sleeves). It is 12 inches long
(2) The conductors are bared about three- and weighs approximately 31,/, pounds.
fourths of an inch and tinned. The (1) Splicing tool TL-582( )/U has three
tinned ends prevent fraying of the basic parts-the head assembly, the
conductor strands and provide a good cutter assembly, and the handle assem-
electrical connection. bly.
STEEL BRAID It
TERMINATION
"-,7
I NYLON
YARN
NATURAL COLORED
I
END
PAIR PAIR CAP
AGO 10060A
60
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FM 6-10
BAG
_ _ 2 , '
SPLICING
TOOL
TL582/G -
="7. r ' at
Fee IA
5 I_-
.
MAGAZINES
AGO 10060A
61
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FM 6-10
FW A 1W,
I I
1-112i
I _
JtA
\p--
- - __ - - -- "7-
- AM,
~'--I WI--..
_'_-i--
POUCH CS-34
phone cable splices. It consists of holder, carry- 21/2 miles of telephone cable WD-1/TT and can
ing, lineman's pliers CS-34; pliers TL-13-A; be mounted on cable reeling machine, engine
and electricians knife TL-29. Two types of in- driven, RL-207 or cable reeling maching hand,
sulating tapes can be used in making telephone RL-31- ( ).
cable splices-electrical insulation tape TL- b. Cable reel RL-159/U is a metal, spool-type
636/U (black polyethylene), used in tropical container used to store, transport, lay, or re-
and temperate zones, and electrical insulation cover telephone cable WD-1/TT. It will hold 1
tape TL-600-U (white polyethylene), used in mile of cable and can be mounted on cable reel-
the Arctic zone and during cold weather in tem-
perate zones. Tape TL-83 (friction) may be s R1OR-5
1 RL-159( )/U
used for added protection of the splice. To im-
prove the splice mechanically and electrically,
a small gage, softdrawn copper wire (known as
seizing wire) may be used. (Seizing wire may
be obtained, from the copper conductors in a
piece of telephone cable).
-
127. Telephone Cable Reels
The three types of reels (fig. 16) available for
use with telephone cable a'nd cable assemblies
are as follows:
a. Cable reel DR-5 is a metal, spool-type
container used to store, transport, lay, or re- L _ e_64____DR-s-A
cover telephone cable WD-1/TT. It will hold Figure 16. Reels for telephone cable.
62 AGO 10060A
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FM 6-10
-. ~ -
t2; i"'4"
II I
i,9' ii
A
FM24-20-96
ing machine, engine driven, RL-200; cable reel- c. No special mounting devices are necessary
ing machine, hand, RL-31-( ); cable reeling if a single dispenser is used to lay the cable. If
machine motor driven, RL-172/G, or cable reel- several dispensers are connected in tandem,
ing machine, hand, RL-27-( ). however, a means must be provided to support
c. Cable reel DR-8-( ) is a metal container and aline the dispensers one behind the other.
used to lay or recover telephone cable. It will Before the cable within the dispensers is laid,
hold one fourth mile of telephone cable WD- after connection in tandem, it should be tested
1/TT and can be mounted on cable reeling ma- for continuity. For more detailed information,
chine, hand, RL-39-( ). refer to TM 11-2240.
128. Wire Dispenser MX-306( )/G 129. Cable Reeling Machine, Hand
a. Wire dispenser MX-306( )/G (fig. 17) Cable reeling machine, hand, RL-27-(
is a cylindrical canvas and tape container that (fig. 18) is a simple axle designed for laying
holds approximately one-half mile of telephone and recovering telephone cable. The axle is a
cable WD-1/TT. The telephone cable of two or machined-steel bar (21/., feet long) with two
more dispensers may be prespliced in tandem knurled handles, one of which can be removed
when it is necessary to lay more than one-half to mount cable reel RL-159/U on the axle. It is
mile of wire without stopping to make a splice. equipped with roller bearings and a removable
b. The dispenser has many useful features: crank for rewinding the cable. The reeling ma-
(1) It is portable. chine can be carried by two men or it can be
(2) It will pay out cable at high speeds placed on some improvised mounting.
from land and amphibious vehicles or
from fixed-wing and rotary-wing air-
craft.
(3) It will function at speeds up to 100
miles per hour.
(4) It lays the cable flat on the surface of
the ground without spirals or kinks. Figure 18. Cable reeling machine, hand RL-27-( )
AGO 10060A
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130. Cable Reeling Machine, Hand b. The reeling machine has a capacity of one
RL-31-( ) cable reel DR-5, one cable reel DR-15, or two
a. Cable reeling machine hand RL-31-( ) cable reels RL-159/U. Cable reels DR-15 are
(fig. 19), is a lightweight, portable, folding used with cable assemblies.
A-frame of steel tubing used for paying out
and recovering telephone cable and cable assem- 131. Cable Reeling Machine,Motor-
blies. The reeling machine is equipped with the Driven RL-172( )/G
following features: Cable reeling machine, motor-driven RL-
(1) A brake tnit for controlling the speed 172( )/G (fig. 20), which weighs approxi-
of the reels as the cable is payed out. mately 100 pounds, is used to pay out and re-
(2) A crank for winding the cable on the cover telephone cable. The reeling machine
reels. which is equipped with cable reel RIL159( )/
(3) A carrying strap for carrying the reel- U, is normally mounted vertically on the tail-
ing maching litter style. gate of a truck but also may be operated from
(4) A divided axle for use when two reels a horizontal position on the bed of the truck.
are mounted on the reeling machine. a. The reel is driven by a 24-volt, dc motor.
This axle allows either reel to operate Power for the motor is furnished by the battery
independently of the other. (When the of the vehicle in which reel is mounted.
divided axle is used, two cranks and b. A handcrank is provided for manual oper-
two brakes are necessary for opera- ation.
tion. This equipment is issued with c. The reeling machine is designed for one-
the reel unit). man operation and is equipped with controls
64 AGO 10060A
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FM 6-10
for starting, stopping, and reversing the move- (1) The reeling machine has a capacity of
ment of the reels. two cable reels DR-5, two cable reels
d. The wire can be payed out or reeled in DR-15-( ), or four cable reels RL-
from either the back or the front of the reel. 159/U.
The speed of the reel can be controlled, (vary- (2) The wire can be payed out or recovered
ing from 0 to 300 revolutions per minute from any reel singly or from all reels
(rpm)) by using the braking mechanism and simultaneously.
changing the pressure on the control handle. (3) Brakes are provided to prevent back-
e. The reeling machine has a capacity of one lash.
cable reel RL-159/U.
(4) A gasoline engine furnishes the power
132. Cable Reeling Machine, Engine to operate the reel unit for recovering
Driven RL-207-( ) the wire.
a. Cable reeling machine RL-207-( ) is a (5) The reeling machine can be operated
transportable, wire-laying and wire-recovery by a hand crank when necessary.
machine driven by a gasoline engine. This reel b. For complete details on the operation and
unit is usually vehicular-mounted, but it can be maintenance of the unit, refer to the appro-
operated on the ground. priate 11-series technical manual.
LT MOTOR
CONTROLLER
SWITCH
BRAKE
TENSION -
CONTROL
LI
133. Wire Pike MC-123 poles or trees with thin bark, and the 3-inch
Wire pike MC-123 consists of a two-sec- gaffs are used for climbing trees with thick
tion pole, joined by metal fittings. The top bark.
section terminates in a hook, fitted with a roller, b. Adjustment. To adjust the leg irons, the
which is used by a wireman to lay or recover two leg-iron screws are removed, the slide as-
telephone cable from a truck. As the cable is sembly is moved on the leg iron to the desired
laid, the hook is used to guide the cable along length, and the leg iron screws are inserted
the side of the road. For cable recovery, it in the nearest screw holes, and secured.
provides an even feed and guides the cable c. Gaff Removal. To remove the gaffs, the
to the reeling machine. two gaff retaining screws are released, and the
134. Climbers LC-240/U gaff is moved downward toward the stirrup and
lifted out of the retaining slot. This procedure
a. General. Climbers LC-240/U (fig. 21) is reversed to replace the gaffs.
are adjustable, lightweight, metal climbers. The
length of the climbers can be adjusted from d. Gaff Sharpening. At present, no gage is
14% inches to 191/, inches to conform to differ- available to check the gaffs of climbers LC-
ent leg sizes. Climbers LC-240/U consist of 240/U. A new gaff may be used as a guide
two leg irons, 2-inch and 3-inch interchange- to sharpen dull gaffs. (Gaffs should be sharp-
able gaffs, leather fastening straps, and climber ened only when replacement gaffs are not avail-
pads. The 2-inch gaffs are used for climbing able. )
-1
CLIMBERS
FA
a"' -SAFETY
STRAP
66 AGO 10060A
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FM 6-10
LINE BINDING
POSTS
RECEIVER
Si I~rr
/
.T
p
I
I
TRANSMITTER GENERATOR,,
LEVER I-:
EXT-INT
SWITCH
HANDSET
FM24-20-66
Figutre 23. Telephone set TA-312/PT.
A(GO Il)l6ioA
69
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FM 6-10
141. Manual Telephone Switchboard is no audible signal when the neon lamp lights
SB-993( )IGT unless the switchboard operator's telephone is
a. Manual telephone switchboard SB-993 connected to that line. Thus, the operator must
( )/GT (fig. 25) is a light, portable local-bat- always be alert for an incoming signal.
tery switching equipment normally used in com-
pany-size units. It consists of a plug holder and 142. Manual Telephone Switchboard
seven two-pronged adapter plugs U-184( )/ SB-22/PT
GT in a case. A field telephone is required for a. Manual telephone switchboard SB-22/PT
the operator's use. The SB--993( )/GT may (fig. 26) is a single-position field equipment,
be used as an emergency field replacement for used primarily in field wire systems. It is small,
any local battery switchboard. lightweight, portable, and immersion-proof,
b. Each adapter plug U-184( )/GT consists and it requires no special mounting equipment
of a neon glow lamp, two binding posts, two for operation.
plugs, and two jacks, all molded together in a b. The switchboard is equipped for intercon-
translucent plastic housing. The plugs serve necting local-battery telephone lines, voice-fre-
as the thumbscrew ends of binding posts to quency teletypewriter circuits, and remote-con-
which incoming lines are connected. The plugs trol circuits for radio communication. Each
may be inserted into the jacks of another switchboard has a maximum capacity for
adapter plug U-184( )/GT to establish a con- switching either 12 field telephones, 12 voice-
nection between two lines. frequency teletypewriter circuits, 12 remote-
c. Several adapter plugs U-184( )/GT can control circuits, or a combination of these facili-
be connected in tandem for conference connec- ties. A capacity of 29 circuits can be obtained
tions (several separate parties conversing at by stacking two switchboards and replacing
the same time). the operator's pack of one switchboard with
d. An incoming ringing signal lights the five additional line packs. The SB-22/PT ob-
neon lamp in the switchboard plug connected tains operating power from four batteries BA-
to the line for the duration of the signal. There 30.
i,]
I :
I_
70 AGO 100looOA
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FM 6-10
FRONT
COVER
OPERATOR'S
HANDSET-HEADSET
SWITCH
BATTERY
CASE
-
,_ HEADSET
_, - !
c. For detailed information, refer to TM 11- board. A second jack field can be
2202. stacked on the first to increase the
capacity of the switchboard to 60 line
143. Terminal Telephone Switchboard circuits.
SB-86/P (2) The switchboard section consists of 8
replaceable groups: 16 answering
a. Terminal telephone switchboard SB-86/P cords and 16 calling cords.
(fig. 27) is a portable, single-position field c. Local-battery or common-battery signaling
equipment used primarily in the field telephone can be selected by using a switch associated
cable system. The component parts of the with each line circuit. There are also two
switchboard can be rapidly assembled or dis- common-battery line circuits to be used with
mantled during tactical employment. Switch- common-battery switchboards.
board SB-86/P can be used to interconnect d. The cord circuits of the switchboard do
voice-frequency teletypewriter circuits. not supply battery power to the distant tele-
b. Terminal telephone switchboard SB-86/P phone for speech transmission; therefore, only
consists of a portable jack field section, switch- local battery telephones or telephones designed
board assembly TA-207/P, manual telephone for common battery signaling can be used with
switchboard section SB-248/P, and power sup- this switchboard.
ply PP-990/G. e. For further information, refer to TM
(1) The jack field section has a capacity of 11-2134.
30 complete line circuits. In addition,
it contains the line signals, designation 144. Teletypewriter Sets, General
strips, panel lamps, and switches a. A teletypewriter is an electromechanical
necessary for operation of the switch- machine for the transmission and reception of
AGO 10060A 71
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FM 6-10
72 AGO 10060A
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'FM 6-10
universal motor, a power source of 105- to 125- posts, do not use pliers to tighten or unscrew
volts ac or dc is required. the knob.
d. For more detailed information, refer to d. Terminal boards mounted in the open and
TM 11-5815-206-12. subject to the effects of weather must be pro-
tected. Since no prescribed cover is provided
146. Terminal Board TM-184 covers must be improvised from suitable
a. Terminal board TM-184 (fig. 29) is a wooden boxes or salvaged canvas by personnel
block of insulating material, on which are installing the terminal boards.
mounted 28 insulation-piercing binding posts
and 4 mounting holes. This terminal board can 147. Repeating Coils
terminate seven pairs of telephone cable. a. A repeating coil is an audio-frequency
b. To connect a cable to the terminal board, transformer (usually with a 1 to 1 winding
remove about one-half inch of insulation from ratio) which transfers energy from one elec-
the end of the wire to be connected. Unscrew trical circuit to another and permits the for-
the knob on the binding post as far as possible mation of simplex and phantom circuits for
and insert the end of the cable into the slot, additional teletypewriter or telephone chan-
so that the cable projects through the binding nels. The coils consist of two balanced wind-
post. ings. One winding-the line side-is connected
c. As an alternate method, remove about 1 to line terminals. The other winding-the
inch of insulation from the cable. Cut another switchboard side-is connected to switchboard
1-inch strip of insulation and move it to the terminals. When a telephone is used in place
end of the bared wire. Double the bared por- of a switchboard, these windings are connected
tion, and insert it into the slot of the binding to the telephone, and the line side of the coil
post. Tighten the knob firmly with the fingers, is tapped at midpoint. This tap, called the leg,
clamping the wires securely in the slot. To provides a means of forming simplex and
avoid stripping the threads on the binding phantom circuits.
KNOB
SLOT
R WIRE
BLOCK
_i ____ _ ___ T
b. Telephone coil, repeating C-161 (fig. 30) and phantom circuits to obtain a
is a ring-through transformer with a 1 to 1 fourth circuit.
winding ratio. The line-side winding of this d. For further information concerning re-
transformer is tapped at the center for simplex- peating coils, see TM 11-678.
or phantom-circuit operation. The LINE bind-
ing posts are connected directly to the line;
the SWITCHBOARD binding posts are con-
L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nected to the line terminals on a switchboard
or telephone; and the TELEG. binding posts
are connected to one line terminal of a tele-
typewriter (except in a phantom circuit, in
which it is connected to the switchboard bind-
ing posts of the phantom line).
c. Additional circuits can be obtained from
existing metallic circuits with repeating coils.
These circuits are as follows:
(1) A simplex circuit is defined as a
ground-return telephone or telegraph
circuit superimposed on (added to) a
single, full-metallic circuit to obtain
an additional circuit.
(2) A phantom circuit is obtained from
two full-metallic circuits to provide an
additional telephone or telegraph cir-
cuit.
(3) A simplezed-phantom circuit com-
bines the principles of both simplex Figure 30. Telephore Coil Repeating C-161.
74 AGO 10060A
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FM 6-10
I BAG
CW-212/U - _
CW-206/GR
TM 29.
may be furnished by any one of the following b. Range. Radio set AN/GRC-19 can be
sources: operated from a moving vehicle. While the
(1) Dry batteries. vehicle is moving, the radio has a transmission
(2) Storage batteries, 6-, 12- or 24-volt. range of 50 miles for voice and radioteletype
(3) Commercial power (115-volt alternat- and 75 miles for radiotelegraph. While the
ing current). radio is stationary, the transmission range is
h. References. For complete details on the 150 to 1,500 miles, depending on the terrain,
operation and maintenance of the AN/GRR-5, frequency, antenna, time of day or night,
refer to TM 11-295. season of the year, and atmospheric conditions.
c. Frequencies. The frequencies of the trans-
150. Radio Set AN/GRC-19 mitter and receiver of the AN/GRC-19 are as
a. General. Radio set AN/GRC-19 (fig. 32) follows:
is a medium power, amplitude-modulated radio (1) Transmitter-from 1.5 to 20.0 mega-
used for transmitting and receiving voice, cycles in 10 bands.
radiotelegraph (CW), and radioteletype fre-
(2) Receiver-from 0.5 to 32.0 megacycles
quency-shift keying (FSK) signals. Extra
in 32 bands.
equipment, which is not supplied as part of
this radio set, is required for radioteletype d. Presets. The transmitter operating fre-
service. quency can be selected manually or automat-
AGO o1060A 75
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FM 6-10
6 COVER,ANTENNA
MAST MAST
SECTION SECTION
MS-116 -A MS117T-A
FILTER ASSEMBLY,
DUST, AUXILLIARY
BAG C'N-206/GR
MAINTENANCE KIT, ANTENNA
ELECTRON EOUIPMENT, TERMINAL
MK-312/GRC-19 GUARD
ically by any one of seven preset channels. operation and maintenance of the AN/GRC-46,
There are no preset channels on the receiver. refer to TM 11-5815-series.
e. Power Input. Input voltage is from 22 to
30 volts direct current (dc). 152. Radio Teletypewriter Set AN/VRC-
f. Antenna. Radio AN/GRC-19 is also 29
equipped with a 15-foot whip antenna. Antenna The radio teletypewriter set AN/VRC-29 has
group AN/GRA-12 may be used although it is the same components and characteristics as the
not a component of the radio set. AN/GRC-46 except that, in the AN/VRC-29,
g. Type of Installation. The AN/GRC-19 is the components are not located in a shelter but
designed for a mobile or semi-fixed installation. are installed in an armored utility vehicle M59
h. Remote Control. Remote control of the or in a 21/-ton truck.
transmitter (from distances up to 75 feet) is
possible when the transmitter is used with 153. Radio Set AN/VRC-24
transmitter control C-822/GRC-19 and a a. General. The radio set AN/VRC-24 (fig.
special purpose cable. The remote control unit 34) is an ultra high frequency, amplitude-mod-
turns the transmitter on and off and selects ulated, voice communications equipment, which
the type of service and the preset channels from is used for vehicular ground-to-air communica-
the remote control position. tions. It may also be used as a retransmission
i. Other Component Parts. Other component device for radio set AN/VRC-14.
parts of the AN/GRC-19 are the- b. Technical Characteristicsof Radio Tele-
(1) Necessary antenna installation equip- typewriter AN/VRC-24.
ment. (1) Frequency range-225.0 to 399.9
(2) Telegraph key, microphones, head- megacycles.
sets, and spare parts. (2) Communication channels-1750.
j. Reference. For complete details concern- (3) Preset channels-19.
ing the operation and maintenance of the AN/ (4) Power source-24 volts direct cur-
GRC-19, refer to TM 11-274. rent.
(5) Operating range-dependson the line
151. Radio Teletypewriter Set AN/GRC- of sight or on the altitude of the air-
46 craft.
a. The radio teletypewriter set AN/GRC-46 (6) Antenna--a ten inch vehicular an-
(fig. 33) consists of an assembly of transmit- tenna is provided with the set.
ting, receiving, and teletypewriter equipment (7) Type modulation-Amplitude.
arranged in a shelter and mounted on a vehicle. (8) Operation-local or remote.
The AN/GRC-46 can provide either separate
or simultaneous transmissions and reception of 154. Radio Sets AN/PRC-8, -9, and -10
voice and radioteletype signals. In addition to a. General. Radio sets AN/PRC-8, -9, and
the same transmitter and receiver used by the -10 (fig. 35) are issued to armor, artillery, and
AN/GRC-19 radio, the AN/GRC-46 is infantry units, respectively. Artillery units
equipped with a modulator, a frequency-shift supporting armored or infantry are also issued
converter, a teletypewriter-reperforator, a radio sets of the armored and infantry series.
teletypewriter, and an interconnecting box. All These radio sets are versatile, since they may
of the components are mounted in a shelter be operated from a pack, ground, aircraft, or
which has electric lights, a heater, a ventila- vehicular installation. They are basically iden-
tion system, and blackout blinds. Although de- tical-internally they differ in the equipment
signed primarily for use in a 3¾-ton truck, the which determines the frequency of the radio
radio may be installed in any vehicle that is signals transmitted and received; externally
large enough to accommodate the shelter and they differ in the calibration of the tuning dial.
that has a suitable electrical power system. (For individual frequency ranges, see d(3)
b. For detailed information concerning the below.)
AGO 10060A 77
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FM 6-10
RADIO SET
.1
AN / GRC-19
MD-203/GR CV-278/GR
TELETYPEWRITER
TELETYPEWRITER MARK REPERFORATOR
SEND REC
TT-98 B/FG TRANSMITTER
I TCHOLD
SWITCH TT-76( )GGG
I--- - - - -_ --- __ __ -
I
i
I
ANTENNA
AT- 803/VR
RECEIVER-TRANSMITTER
GROUP
OA-2648/VRC-24
MOUNTING
MT-1436/U
ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL
SPECIAL PURPOSE SPECIAL PURPOSE
CABLE ASSEMBLY CABLE ASSEMBLY
CX-4884/U CX-4630/U
ELECTRICAL POWER
CABLE ASSEMBLY
a&mw RADIO FREQUENCY
CABLE ASSEMBLY
CX- 4629/U CG-1650/U
AGO 10060A 79
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FM 6-10
ANTENNA AT-272A/PRC
RADIO RECEIVER-TRANSMITTER
RT- 176A/PRC-IO
CASE
CY-744
ANTENNA BAG
H-33B/PT AT-271A/PRC CW-216A/PR
(2) Power supply PP-109/GR or PP- c. General Characteristicsof Radio Set AN/
112/GR. VRC-9.
(3) Mounting MT-299/GR. (1) Emission-Voice and 1,600-cycle
(4) Control box C-375/VRC. ringing signal (frequency modu-
lated).
b. Installation. Radio set AN/VRC-9 can
be installed and operated in any military (2) Rated transmission range-10 to 15
vehicle which is equipped with either a 12- or miles, or 16 to 24 kilometers.
24-volt ignition system, but because of the (3) Frequency range-RT-66/GRC (ar-
differences in the vehicles detailed instructions mor) : 20.0-27.9 megacycles; RT-67/
for the exact location of components, routing GRC (artillery): 27.0-38.9 mega-
of cables, placement of antennas etc., will be cycles; RT-68/GRC (infantry):
limited. For specific details of installation, 38.0-54.9 megacycles.
reference should be made to the instructions (4) Number of operating channels-RT-
supplied with the installation units for the 66/GRC (armor); 80 channels; RT-
vehicle. 67/GRC (artillery): 120 channels;
AGO 10060A 81
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FM 6-10
RT-68/GRC (infantry): 170 chan- ities as radio set AN/VRC-9 (par. 155) with
nels. the following exceptions: The mounting of
(5) Tuning-Detent or continuous tuning radio set AN/VRC-17 is larger in order to
with facilities for preselecting two of accommodate auxiliary receiver R-109/GRC.
the operating channels. This receiver duplicates the frequency coverage
(6) Power supplJ-Power supplies PP- of the receiver-transmitter RT-67/GRC (set
109/GR and PP-112/GR are vibrator- 1). The addition of another radio receiver
type power supplies that derive power makes it possible to monitor two channels
from a 12-volt and a 24-volt storage simultaneously from control box C-375, or the
battery, respectively. The power units receiver may be operated independently at its
are designed specifically to provide own front panel. Since the characteristics,
operating power for receiver-trans- capabilities, and operation of the receiver-
mitter RT-66/GRC, RT-67/GRC, or transmitter RT-67/GRC (set 1) are described
RT-68/GRC. in paragraph 155, only receiver R-109/GRC
d. Additional Information. For additional will be discussed in this paragraph.
information concerning radio set AN/VRC-9, a. The general characteristics of receiver
see TM 11-286. R-109/GRC are as follows:
(1) Frequency range-27.0-38.9 mega-
156. Radio Set AN/VRC-17 cycles.
Radio set AN/VRC-17 (fig. 37) employs the (2) Number of operating channels-120.
same components and provides the same facil- (3) Type of reception-Voice and 1,600
*
INTERCONNECTING
TELEPHONE LINE
+kNOT COMPONENTS
~\ // ~I
!]il
Figure 57. Radio set AN/VRC-17.
cycle ringing tone (frequency-mod- transmitters. Set 1 refers to the left-hand re-
ulated). ceiver-transmitter and power supply; set 2
(4) Tuning-Continuous tuning with refers to the right-hand receiver-transmitter
facilities available for presetting any and power supply.
three of the operating channels. a. The capabilities of radio set AN/VRQ-2
(5) Power supply-Internally installed. are as follows:
Power supply PP-448/GR, 6 volts;
PP-281/GR, 12 volts; and PP-282/ (1) To monitor or transmit on two fre-
GRC, 24 volts. quencies. Monitoring or transmitting
on two frequencies with two receiver-
b. For further information pertaining to
transmitters RT-67/GRC (set 1 and
radio set AN/VRC-17, see TM 11-611. set 2) is accomplished in the same
157. Radio Set AN/VRQ-2 manner as with one receiver-trans-
To assemble radio set AN/VRQ-2 (fig.38), mitter. For operation, see paragraph
the major components of radio set AN/VRC-9 155.
(par. 155) are doubled. The technical charac- (2) Automatic retransmission. Automatic
teristics and operational capabilities of re- retransmission is defined as the capa-
ceiver-transmitters RT-67/GRC are identical bility of the radio set to operate as an
to those of radio set AN/VRC-9 the compo- automatic relay station, receiving sig-
nents differing from those found in the AN/ nals on one receiver-transmitter and
VRC-9 are mounting MT-298/GR and a re- automatically retransmitting the same
transmission unit, control C-435/GRC. The signal on the other receiver-trans-
terms "set 1" and "set 2" are used to dis- mitter. In order to effect automatic
tinguish between the two identical receiver- retransmission, the retransmission
AGO 1060A 83
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unit control C-435/GRC must be in- 158. Radio Sets AN/VRC-30 and AN
stalled in the mounting bracket. /VRC-35
(3) Duplex operation. The retransmission a. General.
unit C-435/GRC provides the switch- (1) Radio sets AN/VRC-30 and AN/
ing circuits required for duplex oper- VRC-35 (fig. 39) were designed for
ation. Duplex operation is the capa- ground-to-air communication between
bility of the radio set for simultaneous the forward air controller on the
communication in two directions. For ground and the aircraft in close sup-
duplex operation, turn the AUTO port of ground troops. These radio
SWITCH to the DUPLEX position. sets are normally installed in a 1/-
This action turns on set 1 and keys it ton truck.
continuously, set 2 then acts as a re- (2) Radio sets AN/VRC-30 and AN/
ceiver only. VRC-35 can be used to communicate
(4) Remote operation. See paragraph 160. with any of our present frequency
(5) Remote power control. See paragraph modulated radio sets within the fre-
160. quency range of 27.0 to 38.9 mega-
b. For further information pertaining to cycles and/or with any of the ampli-
radio-set AN/VRQ-2, see TM 11-287. tude-modulated sets within the fre-
quency range of 225.0 to 399.9 mega-
cycles.
ll,~ .I
RECEIVER t-RANSMITTER RECEIVER-TRANSMIT TER
RT-66/GI RC(SET I) RT-66/GRC (SET 21
POWER SUPPLY POWER SUPPLY
PP-112/CGR PP-112/GR
(SET I POWER (SET 2 POWER REMOTE CONTROL
SUPPLY ) SUPPLY) C-433/GRG
A
---. CONTROL OX
:X11~ __ I|C-375/VRC I
LOCAL CONTROL
NOT C C-434/GRC *
tŽ ]. A
MNTING
84 AGO 10060A
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paragraph 155 and the AN/PRC-9 as dis- (2) Radio set AN/VRC-9 (par. 155).
cussed in paragraph 154, only the AN/ARC-27 (3) Control unit C-435( )/GRC.
will be discussed in this paragraph.)
(1) Frequency range--225.0 to 399.9 160. Control Group AN/GRA-6
megacycles. The primary purpose of control group AN/
(2) Preset channels-18. GRA-6 is to permit the location of the radio
(3) Type emission-Voice, tone. sets to gain the line of sight which is necessary
(4) Frequency range guard receiver- because of high operating frequencies. Control
238.0 to 248.0 megacycles. group AN/GRA-6 (fig. 40) is intended for use
(5) Antenna-UHF broadband type. with frequency-modulated radios for voice
(6) Power source-27 volts direct cur- emission only, but it can be used with all FM
rent. radios issued to the artillery except radio set
(7) Power supply-Dynamotor. AN/PRC-6. It may also be used to remote
the voice portion of the AN/GRC-19 and AN"
159. Radio Repeater Set AN/VRC-38 GRC-46. Dependable operation, using stand-
a. General. The radio repeater set AN/VRC- ard telephone cable, may be expected through
38 retransmits a signal from an AM radio the rated range of 5 miles.
(radio set AN/GRC-19) to an FM radio (radio a. Components. The principal components
set AN/VRC-9) or vice versa. This set oper- of the AN/GRA--6 are-
ates from a mobile installation to act as a (1) Local control (C-434/GRC).
relay station extending the range of radio set (2) Remote control (C-433/GRC).
AN/VRC-30 or its replacement radio set AN/ (3) Handset H-33/PT.
VRC-35. (4) Bag CW-189/GR.
b. Componen1ts. The radio repeater set AN/ (5) Loudspeaker LS-166/U.
VRC-38 consists mainly of the following com- (6) Interconnecting box J-654/G.
ponents: b. Capabilities. Capabilities of the AN/
(1) Radio set AN/GRC-19 (par. 150). GRA-6 are to permit-
NP 8AG CW-189/GR
REMOTE CONTROL
II
W'',
'
I:·"
N%UW
LOCAL CONTROL I
I CARRYING
C-434/GRC HANDSET STRAP H-8
H-33/PT
TM 5038-1
CONTROL UNIT
MOUNTING MT-791/U
CANVAS BAG
4II /
7-1 W2
N~ P , :MOUNTING
M .4 - LATCH
/ Wi
t
,44
I 71
WA I~
Fir"r
"1^ '1J F 111:;O, V
)
WI w4
AGo litllUA 87
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(1) Telephone communication between of the circuit or talk to both ends of the circuit
the local and remote control units or to signal in either direction. The equipment
(anytime the two units are inter- can be operated from the ground or a stationary
connected by field wire). vehicle. Typical systems utilizing the AN/GSA-
(2) Local push-to-talk operation (AN/ 7 are shown in figure 42.
PRC-9, AN/VRC-9, AN/VRC-17, 162. Antenna Group RC-292
and AN/VRQ-2). Antenna group RC-292 (fig. 43) is a modi-
(3) Remote push-to-talk operation (AN/ fied ground plane antenna designed to increase
PRC-9, AN/VRC-9, AN/VRC-17, the transmission range of FM radio sets operat-
and AN/VRQ-2). ing over a frequency range of 20 to 70 mega-
(4) Remote power control (AN/VRQ-2 cycles. The sections of the supporting base raise
and AN/PRC-9). the antenna 30 feet above the surface of the
ground increasing the line-of-sight distance to
161. Radio Set Control AN/GSA-7 the horizon. The vertical element above the
Radio set control AN/GSA-7 (fig. 41) is a mast base is the antenna, and the three ground
small, lightweight electronic switching device plane elements are installed at a 142 ° angle to
for use in integrated wire radio systems. It is the antenna to act as the counterpoise. The an-
also used to interconnect radio transceivers, or tenna group is connected to the radio set by a
transmitters and receivers, with local-battery 68-foot coaxial cable. This equipment provides
telephone equipment on a push-to-talk basis. a radiation pattern that is omnidirectional in
Two radio set controls can be used to intercon- the horizontal plane. The length of the antenna
nect two push-to-talk radio sets for retrans- and ground plane elements must be preadjusted
mission (automatic relay). These controls per- to the desired frequency range as shown in the
mit the operator to listen or talk to both ends following chart:
88 AGO I1060A
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FM 6-10
20 me to 27.9 me 6 3 I 1 1 18 3 1 1 1
27 me to 38.9 me 15 2 l I
38 me to 54.9 me 3 I I I 1 -0 12 1 1 - 1 1 1
54 me to 70 me 2 1 I 0 0 9 L I 0
AGO 10060A
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-___VERTICAL ELEMENT
(ONE,TWO, OR THREE MAST SECTIONS
AB-21/GR,AND ONE EACH OF MAST
SECTIONS AB-22/GR, AB-23/GR, AND
AB-24/GR)
ANTENNA BASE
30'
GUY ROPES
GUY STRAP
is, .
CORD CG-107/I
TM5O20-1
90 AGO 1006OA
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FM 6-10
ic
cm
0
g
-C
V C
-4
<t
tQ
.-)
-2
Is, 0)
94
MS- 18
MS-II
MS-116
AB-I /GR
MP
ta- Counterpoise
X - Insulators
- Guy
ce poles
430
WD-I/TT -
or other telephone
cable for antenna
lead in.
Wave antenna
20 to 80 MC
vertical polarization Wire I to 4 meters
above ground .
Field wi
Direction of tra
31 meters
Radio set
300 ohm carbon
resistor(5watt)
- Counterpoise
I to 1.5 meters in
diameter may be
used in lieu of
ground connection
Figure 46. Wave antenna.
Radio set
400 ohm carbon
resistor (5watt)
CHAPTER 14
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Net, AM, RATT (CF). The army artillery com- a. Army Command Net, AM, RATT. The
mand/fire direction net provides communication army signal battalion provides the personnel
for tactical control and administrative super- and equipment for operation in this net to pro-
vision of subordinate units and for the exchange vide communication between army and army
of information and intelligence. This net is also artillery for transmitting commands and ex-
used for coordination of artillery fires with changing information and intelligence.
corps artillery. b. Air Force Tactical Air Observation Net,
c. Aircraft Control Net, AM. The aircraft AM. The army artillery operates in the air
control net provides ground-to-air communica- force tactical air observation net for communi-
tion with organic aircraft. cation with Air Force reconnaissance aircraft
on reconnaissance and surveillance missions in
174. External Radio Nets support of army artillery.
The army artillery operates in two external c. Warning Net, AM. The army artillery fire
nets, and, in addition, the army signal battalion direction center monitors a warning net to re-
supplies the personnel and equipment to operate ceive air defense warnings and warnings of air-
in a third net. borne, nuclear, chemical, and biological attacks.
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98 AGO IOuOA
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.0
aso
c_
:* 0 0
W -
SO1
0oXCE
C.
co -T
, C
* CO,
mV
- 0
* oC .
o
*
z
te
I
u
-
-a
.
2
u
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CCF-- {-T - CF ( C
(Tgt Acq) (Cpl) (Sit)
*00
TOC
Figure 50. Type command/fire direction net, FM, corps, artillery.
x,,CF CF x xjCF.
(Tgt Acq) (Cpl) L Nuclear
L- - - - - - __ _ -_ _-
_! _J
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Figure 52. Type fire direction net and liaison net, corps artillery.
coordinate radiosonde frequencies and schedule a. Corps Command Net 2, AM, RATT. The
soundings. A type meteorological net is shown corps command net 2, AM, is used by the corps
in figure 53. headquarters for tactical control and adminis-
g. Corps Artillery Survey Channel, FM (S). trative supervision over corps artillery and
Corps artillery may be allocated one frequency certain other corps units. The corps signal
modulated (FM) channel to be used as a survey battalion supplies to corps artillery a radio set
channel, thereby reducing the required number with operators to enter this net.
of frequencies. This channel is common to all b. Army Artillery Command/Fire Direction,
artillery survey sections within the corps artil- AM, RATT (CF). The army artillery com-
lery sector and provides locally for radio com- mand/fire direction net, AM, is used by army
munication within or between these sections. artillery to exercise tactical control and ad-
Although this channel is usually referred to as ministrative supervision over subordinate units
the corps artillery survey net, operation as a and to transmit fire missions to subordinate
coordinated net is neither intended nor feasible. units. This net is also used between army
If interference exists between units, normal artillery and corps artillery to exchange infor-
radio discipline will prevent confusion. Since mation and intelligence and to coordinate artil-
corps artillery does not have a survey section, lery fires.
the headquarters will not use this channel. c. Warning Net, AM. The corps artillery fire
direction center will monitor an appropriate
179. External Radio Nets warning net to receive conditions of air defense
The corps artillery headquarters operates in warnings and warnings of airborne, nuclear,
four external radio nets, AM, and the corps chemical and biological attacks. Information
signal battalion provides personnel and equip- pertinent to elements of corps artillery should
ment to operate in a fifth net. Type external be retransmitted over corps artillery internal
radio nets are shown in figure 54. communication system.
AGO 10060A 101
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;4
t
0
41
0
la
u
ec
0
.1
EN
d. Air Force Tactical Air Observation Net, operations center) operates in the Air Force
AM. Corps artillery operates in the Air Force tactical air direction net, AM, by utilizing the
tactical air observation net, AM, for communi- amplitude-modulated (AM) component of a
cation with high performance aircraft locating radio set furnished to him by corps artillery.
nuclear targets and reporting the effects of This net gives the air liaison officer a radio link
fire on these targets. with high performance aircraft that may be
e. Air Force Tactical Air Direction Net, AM. conducting air strikes in the corps area.
The air liaison officer (located at corps tactical
-X - Corps comd 2
bCorps S
FG
RC v
'SA vA v
A v
.5 x -X- Army arty comd/fire dir
L _ _
ac 4( X X X X> Warning
At corps TOC
At corps TOC
Figure 54. Type external radio nets, corps artillery.
Locals as
rqr
attached units to install the lines between their missions to subordinate units. It is also used
unit and group headquarters. A type wire sys- for tactical control and administrative super-
tem for a group is shown in figure 55. vision of subordinate units and for exchange of
information and intelligence, and dissemination
183. Internal Radio Nets of meteorological data to firing units under
a. General. To meet its internal communica- group artillery control.
tion requirements, the artillery group head-
quarters will utilize one frequency modulated 184. External Radio Nets, Artillery
(FM) channel and one amplitude modulated Group Attached to Corps Artillery
(AM) channel. A command/fire direction net, To meet its external communication require-
FM, and a command/direction net, AM, will be ments when attached to corps artillery, the
established over these channels. Type internal artillery group will operate in the nets shown
radio nets for a field artillery group are shown in figure 57 and discussed in a through e below.
in figure 56. a. Corps Artillery Command/Fire Direction
b. Group Command/Fire Direct Net, FM, Net, FM (CF). The corps artillery command/
(CF). The group command/fire direction net, fire direction net, FM, is a direct radio channel
FM, provides communication with elements of between the group commander and the com-
the staff, airborne aircraft, and subordinate manding general of corps artillery. In addi-
units for tactical control, administrative super- tion, the group fire direction center operates a
vision, exchange of information and intelli- full-time station in this net to handle opera-
gence. This net may also be used for transmis- tional traffic between the two units.
sion of firing data. b. Corps Artillery Command/Fire Direction
c. Group Command/FireDirectionNet, AM, Net, AM, RATT (CF). The group operates in
RATT (CF). The group command/fire direc- the corps artillery command/fire direction net,
tion net, AM, is used for transmission of fire AM, to receive tactical control, administrative
CF CF
supervision and fire missions from corps artil- porting the location of nuclear targets and for
lery. This net may also be used by the group reporting the effect of fires on these targets.
for the exchange of information and intelli-
gence. 185. External Radio Nets, Artillery
Group Missile Command (Medium)
c. Division Artillery Command/Fire Direc-
The external radio nets for an artillery group
tion Net, AM, RATT (CF). If the group has a
mission of reinforcing a division artillery the missile command (medium) are shown in figure
group will operate in the reinforced division 58 and discussed in a through d below.
artillery command/fire direction net to receive a. Missile Command Command/Operations
Net, FM (CO). The missile command com-
requests for fire.
mand/operation net provides a direct radio
d. Division Warning Net, AM. The group channel between the group commander and the
headquarters will normally be in a division area commander of the missile command. The group
and will monitor the division warning net to fire direction center operates a full-time station
receive warnings of air, airborne, nuclear, in this net to handle operational traffic between
chemical and biological attacks. Information the two units.
received should be retransmitted over the group b. Missile Command Command/Fire Direc-
internal communication system. tion Net, AM, RATT (CF). The missile com-
e. Air Force Tactical Air Observation Net. mand command/fire direction net is used by the
The group fire direction center operates a radio missile command for transmission of fire mis-
set in the tactical air observation net for the sions to subordinate units. Nuclear missions
purpose of adjusting heavy artillery fire (by may be transmitted direct to battalions with
high performance aircraft). This net may also group monitoring only.
be utilized by higher headquarters to communi- c. Missile Command Command/Intelligence
cate with high performance aircraft for re- Net, AM, RATT (CI). The group operates in
x_>XX
X-
~
I~~~odio~~~
X X X X
vet
Corp Arty Comd/Fire Dir
X X X X b Dlv Warning
t he X X
Figure 57. Type external radio nets, field artillery grollp, attached to corps artillery.
AGO 10060A
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this net to receive operational control from the established by the missile command, to receive
missile command and to receive intelligence. warnings of air, ground, armor, nuclear,
d. Warning Net. The group will monitor an biological, and chemical attacks and other in-
appropriate warning net, possibly a special net formation of an urgent operational nature.
* *C tJ
Missile Comd Comd/Fire Dir
F_R _==-
Radio Se
I%
ivkv
* X * * Warning
R i S
Locals as
Firing required
/ (SR
-" ge
Locals as
.)( Irequired
Furnished
by Army
* -May be over area system Sig Bn
To Army Bn
Arty sg Cen
Figure 59. Type wire system, artillery missile battalion, Redstone.
E
U
4-
I
'h .
4
C~
'Q.4
0E
o
-a
-J
Xoo X
scArmy Arty Comd/Fire Dir
Warning
Time Signal
sv Sec
Figure 61. Type external radio nets, artillery missile battalion, Redstone.
Chief
* Port of area system
Sec
SB-22
195. Battalion External Radio Nets radio nets for a 280-mm gun battery are shown
To meet its external communication require- in figure 64.
ments the battalion operates in the external a. Battery Command/Fire Direction Net,
radio nets discussed in a and b below and shown FM (CF). The battery command/fire direction
in figure 63. is used by the battery commander for tactical
a. Higher Headquarters Command/Fire Di- and administrative control, dissemination of in-
rection Net, AM, RATT (CF). The battalion telligence, and transmission of firing data.
operates in this net to receive tactical orders, b. External Radio Nets. In addition to the
administrative supervision, fire missions from battalion nets the batteries operate in the fol-
higher headquarters and dissemination of lowing external nets:
meteorological data. Information and intelli- (1) Warning net, AM. The batteries
gence may also be exchanged over this net. monitor an appropriate warning net
b. Warning Net, AM. The battalion fire di- to receive various types of warnings.
rection center will monitor an appropriate Pertinent information received should
warning net to receive various types of warn- be retransmitted over internal com-
ings. Information pertinent to elements of the munication systems.
battalion should be retransmitted over internal (2) Corps artillery meteorological net,
communication systems. AM (M). The battery fire direction
center monitors the corps artillery
196. Battery Radio Nets meteorological net to receive meteoro-
The 280-mm gun battery operates on internal logical data.
net and operates in or monitors the external (3) Corps artillery survey channel, FM
nets necessary to accomplish its mission. Type (S). The survey section operates in
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the corps artillery survey net for com- ate in this net in lieu of the battalion
munication within the section and for command/fire direction net, FM.
communication with other survey ele- (5) Corps artillerycommand/fire direction
ments. net, AM (CF). If the battery is at-
(4) Corps artillery colmmand/fire direc- tached to corps artillery, it will oper-
tion net, FM (CF). If the battery is ate in this net in lieu of the battalion
attached to corps artillery, it will oper- command/fire direction net, AM.
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rnol Net
- Bottolion CF a I
-Corps Arty M
- Bottalion CF *
- Warning
Corps Arty S,---… -
post area and the circuits necessary to connect command posts to the flash observation posts.
the battalion headquarters to the nearest area Of equal importance are the circuits from these
signal center. The unit SOP should establish command posts to the battery operations center
responsibility for providing wire communica- or forward switchboard. Battery wire teams
tion to elements of the medium endurance drone will also install circuits from the battery oper-
platoon. Since this platoon will be operating tions center to the forward switchboard(s).
in the forward area, it may depend on the com- The forward switchboard(s) should be located
as far forward as local security will permit.
munication facilities of the other artillery units
One or more forward switchboards may be in-
or on the area system for communication with stalled depending on the tactical dispersion of
its parent battalion. Also the location of the the unit. In addition wire communication for
meteorological sections may compel them to the counterbattery radar sections may be pro-
depend on other artillery units or on the area vided by installing circuits into the forward
system for wire communication. switchboard or to the nearest major artillery
unit.
201. Battery Wire System
A type wire system for a field artillery target 202. Battalion Internal Radio Nets
acquisition battery is shown in figure 66. The a. General. To meet its internal communica-
priority wire lines for the battery wire teams tion requirements the target acquisition bat-
are the lines from the sound command post to talion operates two internal nets, one AM net
the sound observation posts and from the flash and one FM net.
Handset-Headset
HS-25
* May be over
area system
7 Locals
/ as rqr
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0
0
$i
0
So
I-
d
Z;
-e
0 To
0 0
U
-
F
k
i"
K
U
I- *- ---
Figure 68. Type comnand/intelligence net, AM, artillery target acquisition battalion.
Worning
JW 4
==; Corps Arty Survey
U" --- ll
Seel~~~~~~~~~~~~.r]o IEhf9
C
tot iP
9 X X X
X X X Time Signaol
G~~X
Figure 69. Tylpe external radio nets, artillery target acquisition battalion.
(a
1w
0
u
0
0
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SORNG FLRNG L
(Tnt A rn (Tgt Acq)
' p
R T-
itNMz L~
l 4
I /
Figulre 71. Type sound ranging (R) and flash ranqgi.g (T) nets, field artillery target acquisition battery.
(3) Corps artillery survey channel, FM a field artillery group. In this event,
(S). the battery commander and the opera-
(4) Warning net, AM. tions center may change from the bat-
(5) Division artillery commoand/fire direc- talion command/intelligence net to the
tion net or artillery group command/ command/fire direction net of the
fire direction net, FM (CF). The tar- unit to which attached.
get acquisition battery may be at- (6) Division artillery command/fire direc-
tached to either a division artillery or tion, AM, RATT, or artillery group
Bn Comd/Intel
X -- - Warning
X X~--S X -----
- Bn Comd/Intel
FGWCt=4
J
VRC
I
lo!t Corn
FigS(re 72. Type externlal radio ,lets, artillery target acquisition battery.
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command/fire net, AM, RATT (CF). command/fire direction net of the unit
Each battery is equipped with a radio- to which attached.
teletypewriter set to operate in the
0.
0
-2
o8
0-E
so
s
2
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net for the Corporal battalion is shown in figure b. Corps Artillery Command/Fire Direction
74. Net, AM, RATT (CF). The battalion operates
b. Battalion Command/Fire Direction Net, in the corps artillery command/fire direction
FM (CF). The battalion command/fire direc- net to receive tactical control, administrative
tion net provides communication within the supervision meteorological data, intelligence,
battalion headquarters and with subordinate and fire missions from corps artillery.
units. It is also used for internal communica- c. Corps Artillery Survey Channel, FM (S).
tion within the firing battery. The battalion survey personnel will use the
corps artillery survey net for communication
210. External Radio Nets, Corporal with other survey elements.
Battalion, Attached to Corps
Artillery d. WarningNet, AM. The Corporal battalion
To meet its external communication require- will monitor an appropriate warning net to re-
ments when attached to corps artillery, the ceive warnings of impending air, airborne, nu-
Corporal battalion will operate in, or listen to, clear, chemical and biological attacks. Informa-
the external radio nets necessary to accomplish tion pertinent to elements of the battalion
its mission. Type external nets are shown in should be retransmitted over the battalion inter-
figure 75. nal communication system.
a. Corps Artillery Command/Fire Direction e. Corps Artillery Meteorological Net, AM
Net, FM (CF). The corps artillery command/ (M). The battalion fire direction center moni-
fire direction net, FM, provides a direct radio tors the corps artillery meteorological net to
channel between the battalion commander and receive meteorological data from the field artil-
the corps artillery commanding general. In ad- lery target acquisition battalion.
dition the battalion fire direction center oper- The external nets for the Corporal battalion,
ates a full-time station in this net to handle op- missile command (medium) are shown in figure
erational traffic between the two units. 76.
. 0*0
Firing Guid
Figure 74. Type commnand/fire direction net, artillery missile battalion, Corporal.
Reco:,n
- -
tIL
-- PRC Corps Arty Survey
Figure 75. Type external nets, artillery missile battalion Corporal, attached to corps artillery.
X X X X > Warning
I
r-*-- - - -* - - - - -- - --+ Msl Comd Meteorological
211. External Radio Nets, Corporal battalion and the battalion liaison officers at
Battalion, Missile Command the missile command.
(Medium) c. Missile Command Command/Intelligence
The external nets for the Corporal battalion, Net, AM, RATT (CI). The battalion operates
missile command (medium) are shown in figure in the missile command command/intelligence
76. net to receive operational control and intelli-
a. Missile Command Command/Operations, gence from the missile command.
Net, FM (CO). The missile command com- d. Missile Command Survey Channel, FM
mand/operations net provides a direct radio (S). Battalion survey personnel will use the
channel between the battalion commander and missile command survey channel for communi-
the commander of the missile command. The cation with the section and with other survey
battalion fire direction center operates a full- elements.
time station in this net to handle operational e. Missile Command Meteorological Net, AM
traffic between the two units. (M). The battalion monitors the missile com-
b. Missile Command Command/Fire Direc- mand meteorological net to receive meteorolog-
tion Net, AM, RATT (CF). The battalion oper- ical data from the target acquisition battalion.
ates in the missile command command/fire di- f. Warning Net. The battalion will monitor
rection net to receive meteorological data and an appropriate warning net for receipt of vari-
fire missions from the missile command. This ous types of warnings and other information of
net also provides a radio channel between the an urgent operational nature.
A
TRS ATRS
ATRS
TRS TRS
Figure 77. Type wire system, field artillery missile battalion, Lacrosse, self-propelled.
C
v-~*-A$s~ e
CF
s por
Figure 78. Type command/fire direction net, FM field artillery missile battalion, Lacrosse, self-propelled.
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ternal radio nets, a command/fire direction net to nets as listed in a through f below. Stations
and a fire direction net. or individuals that may be required to operate
a. Battalion Command/Fire Direction Net, radios in these nets are shown in figure 80.
FM (CF). The battalion command/fire direc- a. Artillery Group Command/Fire Direction
tion net is used for internal command, control, Net, FM (CF). The battalion will operate in
and administration of the battalion and, if re- the group command/fire direction net to receive
quired, for fire direction. Stations or individuals command and fire direction control from the
that may operate in this net are shown in figure group headquarters.
78. b. Artillery Group Command/Fire Direction
b. Battalion Fire Direction Net, FM (FM). Net, AM, RATT (CF). The battalion will op-
The battalion fire direction net, FM, is used to erate in the group command/fire direction net
transmit fire control information to the fire to receive command control, exchange informa-
direction center, guidance station, firing sec- tion and intelligence and receive meteorological
tions, and other sections, as required. Stations data.
that may operate in this net are shown in figure c. Corps Artillery Command/Fire Direction
79. Net, AM, RATT (CF). The corps artillery
command/fire direction net, AM, is used by
216. External Radio Nets, Lacrosse corps artillery for control of nuclear fires. The
Battalion Attached to A Field Lacrosse battalion has a nuclear capability and
Artillery Group therefore, monitors this net to receive fire mis-
To fulfill its external communication require- sions and operates in this net as required.
ments when attached to a field artillery group, d. DivisionWarning Net, AM. The battalions
the Lacrosse battalion will operate in or listen monitor a division warning net to receive vari-
FIw
~
I .V'~R C~~~~~~
E L
Figure 79. Type fire direction net, field artillery missile battalion, Lacrosse, self-propelled.
Div Warning
...URRd L.
LA5 N IT
.
7l
. ..
ous types of warnings. Warnings that are per- a. Corps Artillery Command/Fire Direction
tinent to the battalion should be retransmitted Net, FM (CF). The corps artillery command/
over the internal communication systems. fire direction net; FM, provides a direct commu-
e. Corps Artillery Survey Channel, FM (S). nication link between the battalion commander
Survey personnel within the battalions utilize and the commanding general of corps artillery.
the corps artillery survey channel for communi- The battalion fire direction center operates a
cation with other survey elements. full-time station in this net for operational
f. Corps Artillery Meteorological Net, AM traffic.
(M). Battalions monitor this net to receive b. Corps Artillery Command/Fire Direction
meteorological data. In addition, division artil- Net, AM, RATT (CF). The Lacrosse battalion
leries and the field artillery target acquisition operates in the corps artillery command/fire
battalion transmit meteorological data over this direction net, AM, to receive and administrative
net on an established schedule. supervision from corps artillery, to exchange
information and intelligence, and to receive fire
217. External Radio Nets, Reinforcing missions and meterological data.
Mission c. Division Artillery Command/Fire Direc-
When the Lacrosse battalion has reinforcing tion Net, AM, RATT (CF). The battalion will
mission, it operates in external nets as discussed operate in the reinforced division artillery com-
in a through d below and as shown in figure 81. mand/fire direction net, AM, to provide the
Div Warning
Figure 81. External radio nets, artillery missile battalion, Lacrosse, reinforcing mission.
continuous communication necessary for im- d. Other Nets. Other nets in which the La-
mediate response to fire requests from division crosse battalion will operate are shown in para-
artillery. graph 216d and e.
Figure 82. Type wire system, field artillery missile battalion, Honest John rocket, self-propelled.
A&T
Figure 85. Type command/fire direction net, FM, artillery missile battalion, Honest John rocket, self-
propelled.
FA Gp Comd/Fire Dir
Div Warning
x o- FA Gp Comd/Fire Dir
GC7 L d L .. .
a_J
* * ·
Figure 84. Type external radio nets, artillery missile battlion, Honest John rocket, self-propelled, attached
to an artillery group.
discussed in a through d below and as shown in the reinforceed division artillery to receive re-
figure 85. quests for fir e.
a. Corps Artillery Command/Fire Direction d. Other N rets. Other nets in which the batta-
Net, FM (CF). Corps artillery command/fire lion will opecrate are as shown in paragraph
direction net, FM, provides a direct communica- 224d, e, and 1f.
tion link between the battalion commander and
the commanding general of corps artillery. The 224. Exter nal Radio Nets, Honest John Bat-
battalion fire direction center operates a full- tailori, Organic To A Missile Command
time station in this net for operational traffic IMed ium)
b. Corps Artillery Command/Fire Direction An Honest*John battalion that is organic to a
Net, AM, RATT (CF). The Honest John batta- missile comrnand (medium) is normally at-
lion operates in the corps artillery command/ tached to ar n artillery group and operates in
fire direction net, AM, to receive tactical orders group nets asI indicated in paragraph 222. Other
and administrative supervision from corps external netss in which the Honest John batta-
artillery, to exchange information and intelli- lion are disccussed in a through d below and
gence, and to receive fire missions and meteor- shown in figLire 86.
ological data. a. Missile Command Command/Fire Direc-
c. Division Artillery Command/Fire Diree- tion Net, AMt, RATT (CF). This net is used by
tion Net, AM, RATT (CF). The battalion with the missile c()mmand for control of nuclear fires.
a mission of reinforcing a division artillery, The Honest John battalion has a nuclear capa-
operates in the command/fire direction net of bility and, tIierefore, monitors the missile com-
Div Warning
LV£
* X "*-' Reinf Div Arty Comd/Fire Dir
Figure 85. External radio nets, artillery missile ba Honest John rocket, self-propelled, rein-
forcing m
mand command/fire direction net nuclear mis- c. Missile Command Survey Channel, FM
sions, meteorological data and operates in this (S). Survey personnel within the battalion will
net as required. use the missile command survey channel for
b. Warning Net, AM. The battalion will communications with other survey elements.
monitor an appropriate warning net, possibly a d. Missile Command MeteorologicalNet, AM
special net established by the missile command. (M). The battalion monitors the missile com-
This net should provide warnings of air, ground, mand meteorological net to receive meteorolog-
armor, nuclear, biological, and chemical attacks ical data.
and other information of an urgent operational
nature.
FA Gp Comd/Fire Dir
Worning
=Ra
.
A~
.
.m
Y~~~~~~~~~~I
.
~0
missile
Figure 86. External radio nets, artillery missile battalion, Honest John rocket, self-propelled
command (medium).
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Firing Section
Wind measuring Wind
set
Aiming
Circle v
-- 0-'
nt
Locals as rqr
To other firing
positions
To Ms Comd
4 -"iheadquorters
Figure 87. Type wire system, artillery missile battalion, Little John rocket, missile command (air-
transportable).
Figure 88. Type command/fire direction net, FM, artillery missile battalion, Little John rocket.
GR *
__~-
X *-- Missile Comd Comd/lntel
[ 5_ - - -
Missile Comd Survey
_1" deSe
a. Missile Command Commland/Fire Direc- rection traffic with the missile command. This
tion Net, FM (CF). The missile command com- net is also used to receive intelligence and
mand/fire direction net, FM, provides a direct meteorological data.
radio channel between the battalion commander c. Missile Command Command/Intelligence
and the missile command commander. In addi- Net, AM, RATT (CI). The battalion meteor-
tion, the battalion fire direction center operates ological section operates in this net for trans-
a full-time station in this net for operational mission of meteorological data to the missile
and fire direction traffic. command headquarters.
b. Missile Commrand Commnand/Fire Direc- d. Missile Command Survey Channel, FM (S).
tion Net, AM, RATT (CF). The battalion op- Survey personnel within the battalion will use
erates in the missile command command/fire the missile command survey channel for com-
direction net, AM, for operational and fire di- munication with other survey elements.
*0
F
CF
Figure 90. Type internal radio nets, artillery howitzer battalion, 8-inch, towed or self-propelled.
b. Artillery Group Command/Fire Direction data. Division artilleries and the artillery tar-
Net, AM, RATT (CF). Battalions attached to a get acquisition battalion transmit meteorolog-
group operate in the group command/fire direc- ical data on an established schedule over this
tion net, AM, to rceive tactical orders, adminis- net.
trative supervision, fire missions, and meteor-
ological data. This net may also be used for ex- 236. External Radio Nets, 8-Inch
change of information and intelligence. Howitzer, Reinforcing Mission
When the 8-inch howitzer battalion has a
c. Division Warning Net, AM. The 8-inch
reinforcing mission it normally is placed under
howitzer battalion monitors a division warning
direct control of corps artillery; however, its
net to receive warnings of various types. Warn-
nuclear fires may be controlled by the reinforced
ings that are pertinent to the battalion should
unit. The battalion operates in the external nets
be retransmitted over internal communication
discussed in a through d below and shown in
systems.
figure 92.
d. Corps Artillery Survey Channel, FM (S). a. Corps Artillery Command/Fire Direction
Survey personnel within the battalions utilize Net, FM (CF). The corps artillery command/
corps artillery survey channel for communica- fire direction net, FM, provides a direct commu-
tion with other survey elements. nication link between the battalion commander
e. Corps Artillery Meteorological Net, AM and the commanding general of corps artillery.
(M). Battalions monitor the corps artillery In addition the battalion FDC operates a full-
meteorological net to receive meteorological time station in this net for operational traffic.
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FM 6-10
Div Warning
Figure 91. Type external radio nets, artillery howitzer battalion, 8-inch, towed or self-propelled, attached to
an artillery group.
1Cx
RCx x x x a Corps Arty Comd/Fire Dir
jGRcC
.. ..
x x x - Reinf Div Arty Comd/Fire Dir
x Div Warning
Figure 92. External radio nets, artillery howitzer battalion, 8-inch, towed or self-propelled, reinforcing
mission.
4*4-4-44
Q 9 P
Locals
as rqr
Although the responsibility for the circuits, the FM (CF). The battalion command/fire direc-
battalion to batteries, rests with the battalion, tion net, FM, is used for tactical and adminis-
the batteries are normally designated to install trative control, for exchange of information and
these lines. For example the wire teams in the intelligence, and for receipt and transmission
headquarters battery install the local circuits an of fire missions when necessary.
the lines to battalion observation posts, area c. Battalion Fire DirectionNet, FM (F). The
signal center, and service battery. However, battalion fire direction net is used for receipt
higher headquarters may direct that the batta- and transmission of fire mission and for the ex-
lions install the lines to higher headquarters. If change of information and intelligence.
the battalion has a reinforcing mission, they
will install circuits to the reinforced unit. 241. External Radio Nets
To meet their external communication re-
240. Internal Radio Nets quirements the howitzer battalions operate in
a. General. To meet their internal commu- the nets shown in figure 95 and discussed in a
nication requirements, the howitzer battalions through e below.
utilize two FM channels, establishing a com- a. Higher HeadquartersCommand/Fire Di-
mand/fire direction net and a fire direction net. rection Net, FM (CF). Higher headquarters
Type internal nets for these battalions are command/fire direction net, FM, provides a
shown in figure 94. direct radio channel between the battalion com-
b. Battalion Command/Fire Direction Net, mander and the higher headquarters. In addi-
CF
CF
F
Figure 94. Type internal Radio nets, artillery howitzer battalion, 105-mm, towed, and artillery howitzer
battalions, 155-mm towed and self-propelled.
tion the battalion fire direction center operates ings of various types. Warnings that are perti-
a full-time station in this net to handle opera- nent to the battalion should be retransmitted
tional traffic between the battalion and the over internal communication systems.
higher headquarters. d. Corps Artillery Survey Channel, FM (S).
b. Higher HeadquartersCommand/Fire Di- Survey personnel within the battalions will util-
rectionNet, AM, RATT (CF). Battalions oper- ize the corps artillery survey channel for com-
ate in the higher headquarters command/fire munication with other survey elements.
direction net, AM, to receive tactical orders, e. Corps Artillery Meteorological Net, AM
administrative supervision, fire missions, and (M). Battalions monitor this net to receive
meteorological data. This net may also be used meteorological data. Division artilleries and the
for exchange of information and intelligence. artillery target acquisition battalion transmit
c. Division Warning Net, AM. The battalions meterological data on an established schedule
monitor a division warning net to receive warn- over this net.
105mm bn only
Div Warning
Figure 95. Type external nets, artillery howitzer battalion 105-mm, towed, and artillery howitzer batta-
lions, 155-mm, towed, and self-propelled.
o C
~ ~~~~V
x - Or~
a- a
-·~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iU
o
o 0
e-> X, fish
L
m oal e >h1 E
8
E
0-
E.!::~~~~~~~8
E~~
/
\ \
0 \ /u /.
E -4X <
0~~~~~~
O o ~~~~~~~~,
o \\ \ 8a
4, ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~
I c r~~~~m
o \\ UN
0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
o ~
Se · or
-e 00o
I006(A 145
J ~~or
e_ *f
.0
* 0 I 0
00~'
iO lhii 4
o" Es~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t
The battery wire team will also install certain meet its internal communication requirements.
local circuits in the battery area. On the other On channel is used as a command/fire direction
hand, the wire system within the firing battery net and the other as a fire direction net. Type
is installed by firing battery personnel. The internal radio nets for the battalion are shown
howitzer sections install a circuit to the tele- in figure 97.
phone connecting and switching group MX- b. Battalion Command/Fire Direction Net.
155/GT; the recorder installs a circuit from his FM (CF). The battalion command/fire direc-
telephone to the MX-155/GT. A fixed location tion net, FM, is used for tactical and adminis-
for the executive officer is not specified. He sta- trative control, for exchange of information
tions himself to facilitate control of the battery, and intelligence, and for receipt and transmis-
and separate telephone may be established to sion of fire missions when necessary.
provide wire communication between him and c. BattalionFire DirectionNet, FM (F). The
the howitzer sections. This telephone also battalion fire direction net is used for receipt
should be connected to the telephone connecting and transmission of fire missions and for the
and switching group MX-155/GT. exchange of information and intelligence.
CF
Figure 97. Type internal radio nets, artillery howitzer battalion, 105-mm, self-propelled.
propelled operates in the nets discussed in a mand, meteorological, and fire direction com-
through f below and shown in figure 98. munication with higher headquarters.
a. Higher Headquarters Command/Fire Di- c. Armored Cavalry Regimental Command
rection Net, FM (CF). The higher headquar- Net, FM. The battalion with a mission of sup-
ters command/fire direction net, FM, provides porting an armored cavalry regiment operates
a direct radio channel between the battalion in the command net of the supported unit for
commander and the higher headquarters com- coordination of operations and for fire support
mander. In addition, the battalion fire direc- coordination.
tion center operates a full-time station in this d. Division Warning Net, AM. The battalion
net to handle operational traffic between the monitors a division warning net to receive
battalion and higher headquarters. warnings of various types. Warnings that are
b. Higher Headquarters Command/Fire pertinent to the battalion should be retrans-
Direction Net, AM, RATT (CF). The battalion mitted over internal communication systems.
operates in the higher headquarters command/ e. Corps Artillery Survey Channel, FM (S).
fire direction net, AM, for operational, com- Survey personnel within the battalion utilize
-- Higher Hg Comd/Fire Dir
Div Warning
EC *x
~~~~% K9
Ua s stjt
the corps artillery survey channel for communi- meteorological data. In addition division artil-
cation with other survey elements. leries and the artillery target acquisition batta-
f. Corps Artillery Meteorological Net, AM lion transmit meteorological data on an estab-
(M). Battalions monitor this net to receive lished schedule area in this net.
V ~ V t V _ b l for
eAvailable
SPnco~~~~~~~ ~To
Cavalry
Squadron
Figure 99. Type wire system, artillery howitzer battery, 105-mm, self-propelled, armored cavalry squadron.
INTERNAL NETS
CF? Battery CF
EXTERNAL NETS
Supported Co Comd
Squadron Comd :x I X Xf A
Squodron Logisticol
_""-Squadron Comd 0 Lq
CF
Corps Arty Survey F or S - ---
Sv Sec
*BatteryO
CAs rqr
Figure 100. Type radio nets, artillery howitzer battery, 105-mm, self-propelled, armored cavalry squadron.
0 0 S. 0* 0O
RS
SI,
Wit
rtl
I.' o r;-iol
the sections. A type wire system for the search- radio net for the searchlight battery
light battery is shown in figure 101. is in (2) below.
(2) Battery command/light direction net
256. Radio Nets FM (CL). This net will be used by
a. Internal Radio Net. elements of the battery for tactical
(1) General. The number of frequencies and administrative control and to re-
assigned to a searchlight battery de- ceive and transmit light direction mis-
pends on the requirements of the situ- sions. In normal situations, the battery
ation and the number of frequencies commander may not be within range
available. Normally, the battery will of all elements of his battery over this
require only one channel to establish net; however with proper siting of
a command/light direction net. Type radios and the use of proper antennas
radio nets for a searchlight battery he should be able to communicate with
are shown in figure 102; the internal the platoon commanders and in turn,
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(Sit)
E l]
(Sit) (Sit 0(s
(Sit) (Sit) (sit)
Internal Net
Battery Comd/Light Dir
External Nets
Corps Arty Comd/ Fire Dir
As Required
As Rqr
Sv Sec
a0
7(HJJ1H) (HJ
(105H/155H)
Figure 104. Type conmmand/fire direction net, FM, infantry division artillery.
by direct support battalions to request addi- and 10 AM external radio nets. Stations or in-
tional fire support from division artillery; by dividuals in the headquarters that may operate
division artillery to send fire missions to battal- in these nets are shown in figure 106.
ions and batteries that have a nuclear capabil- a. Division CG/Command Net, FM. The di-
ity; and by the division fire support coordina- vision CG/command net provides a direct radio
tion center to send fire missions to division channel between the division artillery com-
artillery fire direction center and nuclear units. manding general and the commanding general
The surveillance radar section uses this net to of the division. In addition the division artil-
transmit target information to division artil- lery fire direction center operates a full-time
lery. It is also used for tactical control and station in this net to handle operational traffic.
administrative supervision of subordinate units b. Division Intelligence Net, AM, RATT.
and for exchange of information and intelli- The division artillery as an intelligence gaining
gence and for the dissimination of meterological agency, uses this net to transmit information
data. A type command/fire direction net, AM, and intelligence to division. It is also used for
is shown in figure 105. the exchange of information and intelligence
with other intelligence-gaining agencies in the
261. External Radio Nets division.
To meet its internal requirement of trans- c. Division Command/Operations Net, AM,
mitting meteorological data and to meet its RATT. Division artillery operates in this net
external requirements the division artillery for operational communication with division
headquarters operates in, or listens to, 3 FM headquarters.
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FDC
Figure 105. Type command/fire direction net, AM, infantry division artillery.
d. Division Warning Net, AM. The division g. Corps Artillery Fire Direction Net, AM,
artillery operates a station in the division warn- RATT (F). The corps artillery fire direction
ing net to receive warnings from elements of net, AM, is used by division artillery to request
the division and to transmit air defense warn- additional artillery support from corps artillery
ings received over the air defense intelligence and for coordination of artillery fires.
net. h. Corps Artillery Meteorological Net, AM
·e. Division Administrative/Logistic Net, (M). The corps artillery meteorological net,
AM; RATT. The division administrative/logis- AM, will be used by the field artillery target
tic net, AM, is used for administrative and acquisition battalion and the division artilleries
logistical traffic between division headquarters to transmit meteorological data. Meteorological
and the service support elements. The division data will be transmitted on a schedule to be
artillery enters this net as required by changing established by the net control station (field
a radio set from another divisional net. artillery target acquisition battalion).
f. Corps Artillery Survey Channel, FM (S). i. Time Signal Net, AM. A radio set in the
The corps artillery survey channel is used by division artillery survey information center is
artillery survey sections to facilitate survey used to receive time signals. Normally, one sta-
and to coordinate with other artillery survey tion in each area of operations will be desig-
elements. Because of the limited range of the nated to broadcast the time signals to the entire
radio sets employed on this channel, it is neither area of operations using the time signal net.
intended nor feasible for this to be a coordi- The survey sections require accurate time for
nated net; however, the survey channel does astronomical observations.
provide communication within and between all j. Tactical Air Force Control and Coordina-
survey sections in the division artillery. tion Net, FM-AM. The control and coordination
(CAC) net is used by the air liaison officer craft that may be conducting air strikes in the
(ALO) at the division fire support coordination division area. Although the air liaison officer
center to control and coordinate the activities may not be directly involved in the conduct of
of the forward air controllers (FAC) working the air strike, he may be able to obtain valuable
with the subordinate units. This net may also information regarding targets in the division
be used for exchange of information between area and he will have knowledge of all aircraft
the ALO and the forward air controllers. The that are operating in the division area.
division artillery air control (ACT) furnishes 1. Tactical Air Force Tactical Air Observa-
the ALO a vehicle, necessary FM and AM equip- tion Net, AM. The tactical air observation
ment and personnel to operate and maintain (TAO) net is used for communication between
this equipment. If the FACs with the battle tactical air force reconnaissance aircraft and
groups are within range of FM equipment, the division artillery for artillery adjustments and
ALO will communicate with them using his FM for surveillance of nuclear fires. High perform-
set. If the FACs are not within FM range the ance reconnaissance aircraft may be called on to
ALO will communicate with them, using his adjust long-range artillery when it is not feasi-
AM set as shown in figure 107. The radio ble for Army aviation to accomplish the mission.
section provides the FM/AM retransmission m. Air Defense Intelligence Net, AM. The
station. division artillery headquarters monitors the air
k. TacticalAir Force Air Direction Net, AM, defense intelligence net to receive air defense
UHF. The air liaison officer at the division fire warnings for the division. Information that is
support coordination center operates in the tac- pertinent to the division area will be converted
tical air direction net utilizing the AM radio to the universal transverse meractor (UTM)
set furnished to him by the air control team of system and rebroadcast over the division warn-
division artillery. This net gives the air liaison ing net.
officer a radio link with high performance air-
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Division CG/Comd
Corps Arty F
GRGRC X X X X- Division Warning
fR oC ec
n i X X X X
" A D Intelligence
X X -X X Division Intel Op
lGRR X GRCV
XR X X X X X X a- Corps Arty Meteorological
L_9t
GRC 9~ X jt-X X*c ~Division Comd Op
L~"Reco6f
Time Signal
Tactical Air Force
Control 8 Coordination
FM-AM
Tacticol Air Direction
(UHF)
Fig)re 106. External radio nets, FM and AM, infantry divisionz artillery.
158
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. BG
(ACT) or
CC
I
I
I
I
I
I
I CNA
I
I
VR
I
--- If relay is not required
I
TAD NET I
.I
Figure 107. A method of employing the air liaison oficer's radio equipment.
t- Located as desired
*a-- Moy go direct to Bn FDC
* * *- Installed by battle group
* * * *- Port of div area system
Figure 108. Type wire system, infantry division, artillery howitzer battalion, 105-mm and 155-mm,
towed and self-propelled.
by the forward observers as directed when the direction control and meteorological data from
battalion is firing multiple missions. division artillery headquarters and to request
additional fire support from division artillery.
266. External Radio Nets
c. Division Warning Net, AM. The battalion
To fulfill external communication require- monitors this net to receive warnings of various
ments, the artillery howitzer battalions 105-mm types. Information received over this net should
and 155-mm of the infantry division will oper- be retransmitted over the battalion internal
ate in or monitor radio nets as shown in figure communication system.
111 and discussed in a through i below.
a. Division Artillery Command/Fire Direc- d. Supported Battle Group Command Net,
tion Net, FM (CF). The battalion commander FM. The battalion operates in the supported
operates in the division artillery command/fire battle group command net for coordination of
direction net, FM, for direct communication fire support and exchange of information and
with the division artillery commander. The intelligence.
battalion fire direction center operates a full- e. Supported Infantry Company Colmlanzd
time station in this net for operational and fire Net, FM. The forward observers operate in the
direction traffic. command net of the infantry company with
b. Division Artillery Command/Fire Direc- which they are working. This net provides a
tion Net, AM, RATT (CF). The battalion op- link between the forward observer and the com-
erates in the division artillery command/fire pany commander for coordination of fire sup-
direction net, AM, to receive command and fire port.
* Armd Personnel
Carrier in SP Bn
Figure 109. Type command/fire directionl net, infantry division artillery howitzer battalion, 105-mm and
155-mm, towed and self-propelled.
f. Corps Artillery Meteorological Net, AM set in the control and coordination net for com-
(M). The battalion monitors the corps artillery munication with the air liaison officer at divi-
meteorological net, AM, to receive meteorologi- sion fire support coordination center. When the
cal data. Division artillery and the field artil- FAC is actually directing aircraft, it will be
lery target acquisition battalion will have trans- necessary for him to leave this net and utilize
mitting stations in this net. his radio as shown in figure 112.
g. Corps Artillery Survey Channel, FM (S). i. Tactical Air Force Tactical Air Direction
The battalion survey parties use the corps artil- Net, AM, UHF. The forward air controller uses
lery survey channel for coordination of survey the AM component of his radio in this net for
with other units and for internal communica- communication from ground to air while he is
tion. directing air strikes. If he is unable to observe
h. Tactical Air Force Control and Coordina- the target from the vicinity of his vehicle, it
tion Net, FM. The air control team (ACT) in will be necessary for him to utilize his portable
headquarters battery provides a composit radio radio set and, by retransmission, to communi-
set for the forward air controller (FAC). The cate with the aircraft as shown in figure 112.
FAC operates one of the FM components of this
., r 9
e4 19
9
Mko I Plot
~_Cmbt Spt Co
Botte Gp
Fl
Figre 110. Type re direction ets, nfantry division, artillery howitzer battalion, 105-mm and 155-
Figure 11. Type fire direction nets, infantry division, artilleryhowitder battalion, o5-mm and 15.5-m, towed
and self-propelled.
* *"
04'RCl -- Supported Battle Group
Comd
44S.
Jwv-0 . Supported Inf Co Comd
(I for ea company)
VC A--___ VRC
Corps Arty Survey
* -Armored Personnel
Crrier in SP Bn
*-- Armored Personnel Carrier in SP Bn
Figure 111. External radio nets, infantry division, artillery howitzer battalion, 105-mm and 155-mm,
towed and self-propelled.
PAC
.9
Figure 113. Type wire system, infantry division, artillery battalion, 762-mm rocket, self-propelled
and 8-inch howitzer towed.
Aimin
44 4 quency modulated (FM) channels to fulfill its
internal communication requirements. One
channel is used for a command/fire direction
N. net and the other for a fire direction net.
a. Battalion Command/Fire Direction Net,
FM (CF). The battalion command/fire direc-
tion net is used by the battalion commander to
exercise tactical and administrative control over
subordinate units and for coordination between
staff sections. A type battalion command/fire
direction net is shown in figure 116.
b. Battalion Fire Direction Net, FM (F).
LOalS
oQ rqr
The battalion fire direction net is used for trans-
mission of fire requests from the forward ob-
server to the battalion fire direction center. It
is also used for sendingfiring data from the
battalion fire direction center to the battery fire
direction centers and to communicate with
army aircraft that are adjusting artillery fire.
LegePd A type fire direction net is shown in figure 117.
*-LoCOGtd s Oesied
*-11-P of Div Ano Syem
273. External Radio Nets
Figure 114. Type wire system, infantry division To fulfill its external communication require-
artillery howitzer battery, S-inch, towed. ments, the rocket/howitzer battalion will oper-
ate in, or listen to, radio nets as shown in figure
to another unit the controlling headquarters 118, and discussed in a through e below.
should provide communication to the attached a. Division Artillery Command/Fire Direc-
element. A type wire system for the battery is tion Net, FM (CF). The battalion commander
shown in figure 114. operates in the division artillery command/fire
direction net, FM, for direct communication to
271. Wire System, Artillery Missile Battery the division artillery commander. The battalion
762-MM, Rocket, Self-Propelled fire direction center operates a full-time station
The extent of the battery wire system will in this net for operational and fire direction
depend on the tactical situation and the length traffic.
of time the battery is in position. The rocket b. Division Artillery Command/Fire Direc-
battery will normally occupy a tactical assembly tion Net, AM, RATT (CF). The battalion oper-
area and prepare several firing positions to in- ates in the division artillery command/fire di-
clude installation of wire. Wires are installed rection net, AM, to receive command and fire
from the firing positions to the fire direction direction control and meteorological data from
center which remains in the assembly area. To division artillery headquarters. The battalion
add flexibility to the system, separate command may also use this net for transmission of nuclear
and fire direction center switchboards are in- fire missions to the firing batteries.
stalled. Since the battery has a nuclear capa- c. Division Warning Net, AM. The battalion
bility, it will normally install a line to the near- and batteries monitor the division warning net
est signal center to insure communication with to receive warnings of various types. Informa-
division artillery and the division fire support tion received should be immediately retrans-
coordination center. A type battery wire sys- mitted over the battalion internal communica-
tem is shown in figure 115. tion system.
166 AGO 10060A
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Locals as rqr
Chief
\ Computer
Figure 115. Type wire system, infantry division artillery missile battery, 762-men rocket, self-
propelled.
d. Corps Artillery Survey Channel, FM (S). this net, since both are capable of producing
The battalion survey parties operate in the firing data. However, if the missile battery is
corps artillery survey channel for coordination deployed by platoon transmission of meteorol-
of survey with other units and for internal ogical data from one fire direction center to the
communication. other, will be necessary, since the platoons are
e. Corps Artillery Meteorological Net, AM not equipped to monitor this net in two fire
(M). The battalion monitors this net to receive direction centers.
meteorological data. The batteries also monitor
(8H)
CvC -CF
S i 1 no
Legend
*One oat each FDC when battery is split
* * From Arty Spt Sec, Div Avn Co
Figure 116. Type conmanad/firc direction net, infantry division field artillery battalion, 7;2-mrn rocket, self-
propelled, and 8-inch howitzer, towed.
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1VR-
ARC
44
FDC
Fignre 117. Type fire direction net, infantry division artillery battalion, 762-mmn rocket, self-piopelled, and
8-inch howitzer, towed.
8H
S 8try HJ Btry
Div Warning
HJ Btry
irnx
IBEXFSSIGRCi
XRC X Div Arty Comd/Fire Direction
L~~~~~~~~o FO
8 H Btry HJ Stry
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aircraft in support of division artillery operate requirements, the armored division artillery
in this net, but, when an aircraft sends in a fire headquarters operates in external nets shown
mission, it will be directed to change to the ap- in figure 122 and discussed in a through k below.
propriate battalion fire direction net. Individ- a. Division Command Net, FM. The division
uals, sections, and units who may operate in command net, FM, provides a direct radio chan-
this net are shown in figure 120. nel between the division artillery commanding
b. Division Artillery FireDirection Net, AM, general and the commanding general of the
RATT (F). The division artillery fire direction division. In addition, the division artillery fire
net will be used for transmission of fire requests direction center operates a full-time station in
from battalions to division artillery, firing data this net to handle operational traffic.
from division artillery to battalions, nuclear b. Division Command Net, AM, RATT. The
missions to batteries with a nuclear capability, division artillery operates in the division com-
and time-on-target missions and meteorological mand net, AM, for operational communication
data. The surveillance radar section will use with division headquarters.
this net to transmit target information to divi- c. Division Warning Net, AM. The division
sion artillery. The units and section operating artillery operates in the division warning net
in this net are shown in figure 121. to receive warnings of various types from ele-
c. Division Artillery Command/lntelligence ments of the division and to transmit the air
Net, AM, RATT (CI). The division artillery defense warnings received over the air defense
command/intelligence net is used for transmis- intelligence net.
sion of command and administrative traffic and d. Air Defense Intelligence Net, AM. The
for exchange of information and intelligence. division artillery listens to the air defense in-
The officers, sections, and units in this net are telligence net to receive air defense warnings
shown in figure 121. for the division. Warnings received that are
pertinent to the division will be retransmitted
278. External Radio Nets over the division warning net.
To meet its internal requirement of transmit- e. Corps Artillery Fire Direction Net, AM,
ting meteorological data and to meet its external RATT (F). The division artillery operates in
Of q- -_
_
F
-FDC- . '-FSCC
Figure 121. Type AM internal nets, armored division artillery.
the corps artillery fire direction net to request of long-range artillery fires when it is not feasi-
additional artillery support from corps artillery ble to use Army aviation.
and for coordination of artillery fires. j. Tactical Air Force Control and Coordina-
f. Corps Artillery Meteorological Net, AM. tion Net, FM-AM. The control and coordination
The corps artillery meteorological net will be (CAC) net is used by the air liaison officer
used by the target acquisition battalion and the (ALO) at the division fire support coordination
division artilleries to transmit meteorological center to control and coordinate the activities
data. This data will be transmitted over this of the forward air controllers (FAC) working
net on an established schedule. with the subordinate units. This net may also
g. Corps Artillery Survey Channel, FM (S). be used for exchange of information between
The corps artillery survey channel is used by the air liaison officer and the forward air con-
artillery survey sections to facilitate survey trollers. The division artillery air control team
and to effect coordination of survey with other (ACT) furnishes the ALO with a vehicle. nec-
survey elements. essary FM and AM equipment, and the person-
h. Time Signal Net, AM. The survey infor- nel to operate and maintain this equipment. If
mation center monitors the time signal net to the FACs with subordinate units are within
obtain accurate time. This information is then range of FM equipment the ALO will commu-
disseminated to all interested survey elements. nicate with them, using his FM set. If the
i. Tactical Air Force Tactical Air Observa- FACs are not within FM range the ALO will
tion Net, AM. The tactical air observation net communicate with them, using his AM set as
provides communication between tactical air shown in figure 107. The radio section provides
force reconnaissance aircraft and division artil- the FM-AM retransmission station.
lery for surveillance of nuclear missions, for k. Tactical Air Force Tactical Air Direction
reconnaissance missions, and for adjustment Net, AM, UHF. The air liaison officer at the
Vi4
X X X Div Warning
.1x X x
X X
Air Defense Intel
F Gly
X " )( X X X -r
Time Signal
TAF Control 8 Coordination
(FM-AM)
TAF TAD
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division fire support coordination center will air liaison officer may not be directly involved
operate in the tactical air direction net utilizing in the conduct of the air strike, he will be able
an AM radio set furnished him by the air con- to obtain valuable information regarding tar-
trol team of division artillery. This net gives gets in the division area and will have knowl-
the air liaison officer a radio link with high edge of all aircraft that are operating in the
performance aircraft that may be conducting division area.
air strikes in the division area. Although the
'ii"'4
Figulre 123. Type wire system, armored division artillery howitzer battalion, 105-mm, self-propelled.
b. Battalion Fire Direction Net 1, FM (F1). under the control of liaison officer number 3, for
Battalion fire direction net 1 provides commu- the same purpose as fire direction net 1.
nication for initial fire requests from forward
observers operating under liaison officer num- 283. External Radio Nets
ber 1 to battalion and from battalion to battery To fulfill its external communication require-
A. It also provides a channel for control of ments, the battalion will operate in or listen to
observers by liaison officer number 1. A type radio nets as discussed in a through k below
fire direction net is shown in figure 125. and shown in figure 126.
c. Battalion Fire Direction Net 2, FM (F2). a. Division Artillery Command/Fire Direc-
Battalion fire direction net 2 by liaison officer tion Net, FM (CF). The battalion commander
number 2, battalion fire direction center, bat- operates in the division artillery command/fire
tery B, and the forward observers operating direction net for direct communication with the
under the control of liaison officer number 2 for division artillery commander. The battalion fire
the same purpose as fire direction net 1. direction center operates a full-time station in
d. Battalion Fire Direction Net 3, FM (F3). this net for operational and fire direction traffic.
Battalion fire direction net 3 is used by liaison b. Division Artillery Command/lIntelligence
officer number 3, battalion fire direction center, Net, AM, RATT (CI). The battalion headquar-
battery C, and the forward observers operating ters operates a radio in the division artil-
CF
Abe* ~f . C~rn
Figlile 124. Type command/fire direction net, FM, armored division artillery howitzer battalion, 105-mm,
self-propelled.
lery command/intelligence net to receive tacti- Net, FM. The battalion operates in the combat
cal orders and intelligence and to exchange command command net to provide radio com-
information. munication for coordination of operations and
c. Division Artillery Fire Direction Net, AM, fire support with the combat command head-
RATT (F). The battalion headquarters oper- quarters.
ates a radio in the division artillery fire direc- f. Supported Battalion Task Force Command
tion net to request additional fire support and Net, FM. The liaison officer with each battalion
to receive fire missions and meteorological data task force operates a radio in the supported
from division artillery. battalion task force command net for coordina-
(d. Division Warning Net, AM. The battalion tion of operations and fire support with task
headquarters and each battery monitor the divi- force headquarters.
sion warning net to receive air defense warn- g. Supported Company Command Net, FM.
ings or nuclear fallout warnings of chemical or Each forward observer with a rifle company
biological attack and similar information of an operates a radio in the supported company com-
urgent operational nature. Pertinent informa- mand net for coordination of fire support. For-
tion received over this net should be retrans- ward observers with a tank company are pro-
mitted to all subordinate elements over existing vided a tank with a radio that will operate in
internal communication systems. the tank company command net.
e. Supported Combat Command Commanld h.. Corps Artillery Meteorological Net, AM.
L _ _ _ ___
The corps artillery meteorological net will be of this set in the control and coordination net
used by the field artillery target acquisition bat- for communication with the ALO at division
talion and the division artillery to transmit FSCC. When the FAC is actually directing air-
meteorological data. The data will be trans- craft it will be necessary for him to leave this
mitted on a time-sharing schedule. The battal- net and utilize his radio as shown in figure 112.
ion fire direction center will monitor this net. Ic. Tactical Air Force Tactical Air Direction
i. Corps Artillery Survey Channel, FM (S). Net, AM, UHF. The forward air controller
The battalion and battery survey parties use enters this net with the AM component of his
this net for coordination of survey with other radio for communication from ground to air
units and for internal communication. while he is directing air strikes. If he is un-
j. Tactical Air Force Control and Coordina- able to observe the target from the vicinity of
tionL Net, FM. The air control team (ACT) in his vehicle, it will be necessary for him to use
the headquarters battery provides a composite his portable radio set and, by retransmission,
radio set for a forward air controller (FAC). to communicate with the aircraft as shown in
The FAC operates one of the FM components figure 112.
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*C Div Warning
GRR| G *-f-Rt =-
How Btr
U>sV
IVtC Supported Task Force
Command
ff628)
* Supported Inf Company
LN,
(12 Command
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Figure 127. Type wire system, armored division artillery battalion, 155-mn,, 8-inch howitzer,
762-mm rocket, self-propelled.
287. Internal Radio Nets nicate with army aircraft that are adjusting
The rocket/howitzer battalion utilizes two artillery fire. A type fire direction net is shown
frequency-modulated (FM) radio nets to fulfill in figure 129.
its internal communication requirements. One 288. External Radio Nets
net is used for a command/fire direction net
and the other for a fire direction net. To fulfill its external communication require-
a. Battalion Command/Fire Direction Net, ments, the rocket/howitzer battalion will oper-
FM (CF). The battalion command/fire direc- ate in, or listen to, radio nets as shown in figure
tion net will be used by the battalion commander 130 and discussed in a through f below.
to exercise tactical and administrative control a. Division Artillery Command/Fire Direc-
over subordinate units and for coordination tion Net, FM (CF). The battalion commander
between staff sections. A type battalion com- operates in the division artillery command/fire
mand/fire direction net is shown in figure 128. direction net for direct communication with the
b. Battalion Fire Direction Net, FM (F). division artillery commander. In addition, the
The battalion fire direction net is used for trans- battalion fire direction center operates a full-
mission of fire requests from the :forward ob- time station in this net for operational and fire
servers to the battalion fire direction center. It direction traffic.
is also used for sending firing data from the b. Division Artillery Command/lIntelligence
battalion fire direction center to the battery Net, AM, RATT (CI). The battalion headquar-
executive officer's command post or to the fire ters operates a radio in the division artillery
direction center, as appropriate, and to commu- command/intelligence net to receive tactical
(8H)
CF CF
Figure 128. Type command/fire direction net, armored division artillery battalion, 155-mm howitzer, 8-inch
howitzer, 762-mm rocket, self-propelled.
. _ _
4'
orders, and intelligence and to exchange infor- ordinate elements over existing internal com-
mation. munication systems.
c. Division Artillery FireDirection Net, AM, e. Corps Artillery Meteorological Net, AM.
RATT (F). The battalion headquarters and the The corps artillery meteorological net will be
batteries with a nuclear capability operate a used by the field artillery target acquisition bat-
radio in the division artillery fire direction net talion and the division artillery to transmit
to receive fire missions and meteorological data meteorological data. The data will be trans-
from division artillery. mitted on a time-sharing schedule. The battal-
d. Division Warning Net, AM. The battalion ion fire direction center and the batteries with
headquarters and each battery monitor this net a nuclear capability will monitor this net.
to receive air defense and nuclear fallout warn- f. Corps Artillery Survey Channel, FM (S).
ings, warnings of chemical or biological attack, The battalion and battery survey parties use
and similar information of an urgent opera- this net for coordination of survey with other
tional nature. Pertinent information received units and for internal communication.
over this net should be retransmitted to all sub-
8H Btry HJ Btry
Div Worning
155H Btry
I I W W '
I I I
I I I
I
VRC JVR LVRC
"ft,
RotcSy Llec O ORIBRnvf c
Bnl 15 r
Bn 155H Btry 8H Btry HJ Btry
Figure 130. Type external radio net, armored division artillery battalion, 155-mnu howitzer, 8-inch howitzer,
762-mm rocket, self-propelled.
CF
a. Command/Fire Direction Net, FM (CF). teries of the battle groups for requesting addi-
The command/fire direction net, FM, is used tional fire support. Figure 133 shows the units
for the internal control of division artillery. It and stations that may operate in this net.
can be used for fire direction, to issue tactical
and administrative orders to subordinate units 293. External Radio Nets
of the division artillery, to collect battlefield
information from the howitzer batteries, and The division artillery headquarters operates
to disseminate intelligence to the batteries. A in, or listens to, three FM and light AM exter-
type command/fire direction net is shown in nal radio nets to fulfill the external communica-
figure 132. tion requirements. In addition, the division
b. Division Artillery Fire Direction Net 1, artillery provides a considerable number of
FM (FI). The fire direction net 1, FM, is used radios at the division FSCC. Stations or indi-
by division artillery headquarters and the bat- viduals that may operate in these nets are
teries of division artillery for the receipt and shown in figure 134.
adjustment of fire missions. In addition, it may a. Division CG/Conmmand Net, FM. The di-
be used by division artillery for the dissemina- vision artillery commander operates in the divi-
tion of target data and fire missions. Figure sion CG/command net for direct communication
133 shows the units, stations and individuals with the division commander. Also, the divi-
that may operate in this net. sion artillery fire direction center operates a
c. Division Artillery Fire Direction Net 2, full-time station in this net, and the FSCC sec-
FM (F2). The fire direction net 2, FM, is used tion provides a full-time station at the division
for receipt and adjustment of fire missions and FSCC.
the coordination of artillery support. It is also b. Division Intelligence Net, AM. The divi-
used for the dissemination of meteorological sion artillery monitors this net and transmits
data. This net is available to the mortar bat- pertinent information and intelligence over the
__1
Fl
F2 - -- J
Fl F2
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Division CG Comd
Division Intelligence
.. r ¶ A i J . 1 6.4 j
-x x - Artillery Link-up
Mg~~m*_M_4~LO~
A Time Signal
*ITI"
_IMMW
K
KX X X X Division Command I
-: Division Assault
10(t FSCC
-v TAF TAD
* If frequency is in
overlap bond
Figure 1.14. Type eaterilal radio ,cts, airborne division artillerl.
xl (ACT)
2 of 5 Bottle Groups
ri-71
Uj
(ACT)
TAD Net
-As required
FSCC
FSCC
Figtre 135. A method of employing radio equipment by air liaison officer, airborne division.
189
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294. Communication Requirements system will depend on the tactical situation and
The communication requirements for the bat- the length of time the unit remains in position.
teries are as shown in paragraph 170. To add flexibility to the system the battery nor-
mally installs separate command and fire direc-
295. Wire System tion. A type battery wire system is shown in
a. General. The extent of the battery wire figure 136.
Aiming
44444
circl
N~
(I05H)
0C
May be routed
through nearest artillery unit
\
Locals
FDC Comd
From
Div Arty
Figure 136. Type wire systetm, airborne division artillery howitzer battery, 105-rmm (reinforeing
mortar battery).
b. Installationof Wire Circuits. The 105-mm b. External Radio Nets. The battery oper-
howitzer battery is authorized two wire teams. ates in the following external nets:
Batteries with a reinforcing mission will estab- (1) Division artillery command/fire direc-
lish a fire direction line to the reinforced mortar tion net, FM (CF). The battery com-
battery as soon as possible after arriving in the mander operates in this net for direct
drop zone. As time permits, a command line is communication with the division ar-
installed as a back up for the other line. Units tillery commander. In addition, the
with a general support mission will normally battery fire direction center operates
be directed to install wire to division artillery a full-time station in this net for ex-
headquarters, since this headquarters has in- change of information and intelligence
sufficient organic wire teams to provide wire with division artillery and the other
circuits to all subordinate units. The battery batteries.
will also install a circuit to the nearest signal (2) Division artillery fire direction net 1,
center as time and distance permit. FM (F1). If the battery has a general
support mission it will operate a radio
296. Radio Nets set in the division artillery fire direc-
Each howitzer battery operates one internal tion net 1 to receive fire missions from
net and operates in or monitors the external division artillery. When the battery
nets necessary to accomplish its mission. Type has a reinforcing mission, it does not
radio nets for the battery are shown in figure operate in this net.
137. (3) Division artillery fire direction net 2,
a. Internal Radio Net-Battery Command/ FM (F2). The battery operates in the
Fire Direction Net, FM (CF). The battery division artillery fire direction net 2
command/fire direction net is used by the bat- to receive fire missions and meteorol-
tery commander for tactical and administrative ogical data to transmit fire requests to
control, for collection of information and dis- division artillery.
semination of intelligence, and for transmission (4) Mortar battery fire direction net, FM
of firing data. (F). When a howitzer battery is rein-
PRC As required
Div Arty
BC -CF-
EXTERNAL NETS
As rqr
Figure 137. Type radio nets, airborne division artillery howitzer battery, 105-mnin.
forcing a mortar battery, the howitzer ever, if the howitzer battery is to fire
battery will operate a radio set in the the mission, the FO will be directed
mortar battery fire directon net coor- to send his mission directly to the how-
dination of fire support. This net will itzer battery fire direction center.
also provide the mortar forward ob- (5) Corps artillery survey channel, FM
servers with a direct channel to the (S). The battery survey section will
howitzer battery. The forward ob- operate in this net for coordination of
servers (FO) will normally send their survey with other units and for inter-
initial fire request to the mortar bat- nal communication.
tery fire direction center (FDC); how-
(4) Corps artillery survey channel, FM use this net for communication with
(S). The battery survey section will survey elements of other units.
To other fir
positi(
Figure 138. Type wire system, airborne division artillery missile battery, Little John rocket.
CF
INTERNAL NETS
Battery Comd/Fire Dir cAr_
EXTERNAL NETS
Div Arty Fl
Div Arty Comd/Fire Dir
Div Arty F2
Figure 139. Type radio nets, airborne division artillery missile battery, Little John rocket.
®A
12
12 12 12
0a
\ /
tMRC
) 69
E SI
l0
IIt
(CPL)
F-t
I Force
12 12
radio carrier system for the missile command b. Missile Command Command/Intelligence
(medium) is shown in figure 140. Net, AM, RATT (CI). The missile command
command/intelligence net is used for tactical
304. Internal Radio Nets and administrative control of subordinate units
The missile command operates one FM net and for transmission of intelligence. This net
and two AM nets for internal command control. will also be used by the drone platoons of the
In addition, the missile command is allocated target acquisition batteries to transmit target
an FM frequency to be used by the artillery information to the missile command. A type
survey sections and an AM frequency to be command/intelligence net is shown in figure
used by the target acquisition battalion for 142.
transmission of meteorological data. Each de- c. Missile Command Command/Fire Direc-
tachment, company, battery, and battalion com- tion Net, AM, RATT (CF). The missile com-
mander is authorized FM radio equipment for mand command/fire direction net is used for
column control, communication with supporting transmission of fire missions and meteorologi-
aircraft, and operation in the next higher head- cal data to subordinate artillery units. Missile
quarters command net. battalions attached to artillery groups monitor
a. Missile Command Command/Operations this net to receive nuclear fire missions and
Net, FM (CO). The missile command com- operate in this net as required. A type com-
mand/operations net provides radio communi- mand/fire direction net is shown in figure 143.
cation within the command headquarters, with d. Missile Command MeteorologicalNet, AM
aircraft in flight and with subordinate units (M). The missile command meteorological net
that are within the range capability of the radio is used by the meteorological sections of the
equipment. A type command/operation net is artillery target acquisition batteries for trans-
shown in figure 141. mission of meteorological data to the artillery
Figure 143. Type command/fire direction net, U.S. Army missile command (medium).
battalion fire direction centers. The missile 305. External Radio Nets
command will receive meteorological data over The missile command operates in two exter-
an existing radio net. A type meteorological nal radio nets. The equipment and personnel
net is shown in figure 144. for these nets are furnished by the signal com-
e. Missile Command Survey Channel, FM pany. The signal company also provides equip-
(S). The missile command may be allocated ment and personnel to a designated artillery
one frequency modulated (FM) channel to be group for operation in these two nets as an
used as a survey channel, thereby reducing the alternate command post for the missile com-
required number of frequencies. This channel mand. Type external nets for the missile com-
is common to all artillery survey sections within mand are shown in figure 145.
the missile command and provides radio com-
munication within or between these sections. 306. Messenger Service
Although this channel is usually referred to as The signal company is organized and equipped
the missile command survey net, operation as to provide messenger service as shown in figure
a coordinated net is neither intended nor feasi- 146. Messenger service within the artillery
ble. If interference exists between units, nor- groups, missile battalions, and artillery target
mal radio discipline will prevent confusion. acquisition battalion will be provided by organic
Since the missile command does not have a means. The target acquisition battalion may
survey section, the headquarters will not use use the system shown in figure 146 when the
this channel. batteries are attached to artillery groups.
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Figulre 145. Type external radio nets, U.S. Armyl missile comolmand (nmedinlm).
Higher Force
US Hq
Figlure 147. Type wire systeml, artillery target acquisition battalion, U.S. Army missile command (medium).
,Locals as rqr
*3
Figulre 148. Type wire system, artillery target acquisition battery, U.S. Army missile command (medium).
CI
Figure 149. Type command/intelligence net, FM artillery target acqisitionl battalion, U.S. Army
missile comamnd (mediumn).
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FM 6-10
local circuits in the command post area and the 312. Battalion Internal Radio Nets
circuits necessary to connect the battalion head- a. General. To meet its internal communica-
quarters to the nearest signal center. The unit tion requirements the target acquisition bat-
SOP should establish responsibility for provid- talion operates two internal nets, one AM net
ing wire communication to elements of the me- and one FM net.
dium endurance drone platoons. Since these b. Battalion Command/lntelligence Net, FM
platoons will be operating in the forward area, (Cl). The battalion command/intelligence net,
they may depend on the communication facili- FM, will be used by the commander for com-
ties of other artillery units or the carrier system munication with his staff and with subordinate
for communication with the parent battalion. elements that are within the range capability
of the equipment. This net is also used by the
311. Battery Wire System batteries for internal communication. A type
A type wire system for an artillery target command/intelligence net is shown in figure
acquisition battery is shown in figure 148. Bat- 149.
tery wire teams will install circuits from the c. Battalion Cornmand/lIntelligenceNet, AM,
battery to the nearest signal center and to an RATT (CI). The battalion command/intelli-
artillery group if distance permits. The posi- gence net, AM, provides a radioteletype link
tions of the battery meteorological sections may between the battalion and its batteries. This
require them to depend on other artillery units net may be used for tactical control and for
or on the carrier system for wire communication. exchange of information and intelligence, and
0-0
(Tgt Acq)
Figure 150. Type command/intelligence net, AM, artillery target acquisition battalion, missile com-
mand ( medium).
it may also be used for transmission of battle- mand meteorological net. All units having a
field information from the drone platoon to the requirement for meteorological data will moni-
battalion operations center. A type command/ tor this net and utilize pertinent data from the
intelligence net, AM, is shown in figure 150. nearest transmitting station.
d. Missile Command Survey Channel, FM
313. Battalion External Radio Nets (S). Survey sections within the target acquisi-
To meet its external communication require- tion battalion will use the missile command
ments, the battalion operates in the external survey net for internal communication and for
radio nets discussed in a through b below and communication with other unit survey elements.
shown in figure 151. This net will also be used by the survey infor-
a. Missile Command Command/Operation mation center to receive and transmit survey
Net, FM (CO). The missile command com- information.
mand/operation net, FM, provides a direct e. Warning Net, AM. The target acquisition
radio channel between the battalion and its battalion and batteries will monitor an appro-
higher headquarters. priate warning net to receive air defense warn-
b. Missile Command Comand/Fire Direction ings and warnings of airborne, nuclear, chemi-
Net, AM, RATT (CF). The missile command cal and biological attacks. Information received
command/fire direction net, AM, provides a over this net, which is pertinent to the battal-
radioteletype link between the battalion and ion, should be retransmitted over the battalion
the missile command. Target information ob- internal communication system.
tained by the drone platoon will normally be f. Time Signal Net, AM. Each theater of op-
transmitted to the missile command over this erations will normally broadcast accurate time
net. on a prescribed schedule using the time signal
c. Missile Command MeteorologicalNet, AM net. The survey information center monitors
(M). The target acquisition battalion will op- this net and disseminates correct time to inter-
erate the net control station in the missile com- ested survey parties.
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Warning
mRP
9 1BErv~elrl~ 1 11Btrv~eli
I9E I
1 _9!u-
I
L2LRCJ7r -- - J
17 Bt V gRe- -
urve
Plt-m
-IT
c
-x > Time Signal
Figlre 151. Type extel'hal radio nets, artillery target acquisition buttalion, missile corntuand (mnidinlt).
Air ForceTAD
Figuro 152. Type communication for a division fire support coordination center.
lished between the FSE and the artil- channels. For details concerning these systems,
lery battalions with a nuclear capa- see sections III through XXVII.
bility.
(2) Radio communication. Radio commu- 318. Communication Systems for Nuclear
nication discussed in b(2) above is Missions
also applicable to the corps FSE. Nuclear fire missions will be encoded unless
transmission is over a secure means. They will
317. Communication Systems for Non- be processed through command channels over
nuclear Artillery Fires any available means of communication.
To provide the communication facilities nec-
essary for requesting and controlling nonnu- 319. Communications Systems for Tactical
clear artillery, separate radio and wire nets are Air Support, General
established. Fire missions for nonnuclear artil- Communication facilities, over which tacti-
lery are transmitted over normal fire direction cal air support may be requested and directed,
RGCoRCrp Cmd2
26o Cl Corps Arty
Warning Net
-Fumished by corps
Spot Report Receiver sig bn
"- Furnished by air ce
System
FigEnre 153. Type communication for a fire support clement, corps tactical operations center.
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are required from the frontline rifle company requests; silence on the part of corps indicates
through the various echelons of command to approval of the request. On the other hand, if
the army operations center at field army. A corps disapproves a request, the disapproval is
requirement also exists for communication for sent to the requesting division over the army
liaison between the army operations center and air request net.
the fighter bases and between the air recon- b. Preplanned Requests. Requests for pre-
naissance support battalion and the reconnais- planned tactical air support are transmitted
sance air bases. (Although only radio nets are from the division fire support coordination cen-
discussed for air support, all other available ter to corps tactical operations center over the
means will be integrated.) army air request net. Approved requests are
transmitted from the corps tactical operations
320. Division Air Request Net, AM center to the field army tactical operations cen-
a. The requests of infantry and tank com- ter over the army air request net.
panies for immediate tactical air support are
transmitted to higher headquarters over the 322. Ground Liaison Officers' Net, AM
higher headquarters command net, FM, or by The ground liaison officers' net connects the
wire. Approved requests are transmitted from field army tactical operations center with the
the higher headquarters to the division G3 air ground liaison officers at the fighter airfields.
in the fire support coordination center over the Instructions to ground liaison officers for brief-
division air request net, AM. ing pilots are received from the field army tacti-
cal operations center over the ground liaison
b. The infantry division air request net, AM,
officers' net. On completion of a mission, the
connects the battle groups, armored battalion,
ground liaison officers debrief the pilots, and
and reconnaissance squadron with the division
the debriefing information is transmitted over
fire support coordination center. In the armored
this net to the field army tactical operations
division this net connects the combat commands,
armored battalions, armored infantry battal- center.
ions, and armored cavalry squadron with the 323. Air Reconnaissance Ground Liaison
division FSCC. Requests for preplanned and Officer Net, AM
immediate tactical air support are transmitted The air reconnaissance liaison officers ARLO
to the division G3 air in the fire support coor- net connects the air reconnaissance support bat-
dination center. (The equipment and the oper- talion with the ARLO's located at the recon-
ating personnel are furnished by the division naissance airfields. Instructions to the ARLO's
signal battalion.) for briefing pilots are received from the air
reconnaissance support battalion (ARSB) over
321. Army Air Request Net, AM this net. On completion of a mission, the air
The army air request net (one for each corps) reconnaissance liaison officers debrief the pilots,
connects the division fire support coordination and the debriefing information is transmitted
center and corps tactical operations center with to the ARSB over this net.
the field army tactical operations center by
radioteletype. The division signal battalion 324. Information Net, AM
furnishes the equipment and operating person- a. The information net connects the field
nel for the station located at the division fire army tactical operations center with the ARSB.
support coordination center. Requests for tacti- The information net is used to forward the
cal air support are handled as follows: information and intelligence that has been ob-
a. Immediate Requests. Requests for imme- tained or developed from tactical air force
diate tactical air support are transmitted from reconnaissance units to the field army tactical
the division fire support coordination centers operations center.
direct to the field army tactical operations cen- b. Corps headquarters also operates in the
ter over the army air request net. The corps information net t(o obtain intelligence infor-
tactical operations center listens to immediate mation.
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325. Tactical Air Direction Net, UHF 327. Spot Report Receiver System, UHF
a. The tactical air direction net is an Air a. On completion of a mission flown for the
Force net which is used to control tactical air- ground forces, the pilot, while in flight, makes
craft when they are engaged in close air sup- a spot report of the results to the air support
port. Each field artillery howitzer battalion operations center. Any information or sight-
organic to a division, division artillery head- ings by a pilot may be reported over this system.
quarters, and corps artillery headquarters is
authorized the radio equipment and enlisted b. This spot report provides the ground
personnel for an air control team (ACT). Dur- forces with immediate results of the missions
ing combat operations, the tactical air force flown in their respective sectors. The infan-
provides qualified fighter pilots as forward try division, armor battalions, reconnaissance
air controllers (FAC) and air liaison officers squadrons, battle groups, armored division,
(ALO) who work with the air control teams combat commands, armor battalions, armored
to control the tactical aircraft when they are infantry battalions, armored cavalry squadron,
engaged in close air support. The air control division, and corps have radio equipment for
team of the howitzer battalion normally re- monitoring the spot report receiver system.
mains at the battle group (combat command or The airborne division artillery also monitors
brigade) headquarters when it is not engaged this net at the division FSCC.
in controlling tactical aircraft. The air control
teams of division artillery and corps artillery 328. Tactical Air Observation Net, UHF
headquarters normally remain at their respec-
tive fire support coordination centers (tactical a. The tactical air observation net is an Air
operations centers). Force net used for communication between tac-
b. The tactical air force provides one air tical aircraft engaged in observation or recon-
liaison officer for each corps headquarters and naissance missions and the army unit request-
each division headquarters. The air liaison offi- ing the mission. Speed is one of the greater
cer monitors the tactical air direction net to advantages of visual reconnaissance. Informa-
obtain information pertaining to air strikes. tion is secured quickly and relayed immediately.
Aircraft operating in a division or corps area Units requesting observation or reconnaissance
will normally contact the air liaison officer over missions operate in the tactical air observation
this net. net to obtain information directly from the
pilot. Artillery requests for reconnaissance
326. Control and Coordination Net, FM missions are submitted through S2-G2 chan-
-AM nels to the FSCC/FSE.
The Air Force operates a control and coor- b. The tactical air observation net is also
dination net which is used for the exchange of used for artillery fire adjustment and for sur-
air control information between the air liaison veillance of missile fires by high performance
officers and the forward air controllers within reconnaissance aircraft. Corps artillery and
the divisions. The air liaison officer at division division artillery are authorized radio equip-
also uses this net for control of forward air ment to operate in the tactical air observation
controllers with subordinate units. net.
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CHAPTER 15
SIGNAL MAINTENANCE
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APPENDIX I
REFERENCES
5. Technical Manuals
TM 11-286 Radio Sets AN/VRC-8, 9 and 10
TM 11-287 Radio Sets AN/VRQ-1, 2 and 3
TM 11-295 Radio Receiving Set AN/GRR-5
TM 11-381 Cable Assembly CX-1065/G, Telephone Cable Assemblies CS-1606/G and
CS-1512/U, Telephone Loading Coil Assembly CU-260/G, and Elec-
trical Connector Plug U-176/G
TM 11-611 Radio Sets AN/VRC-16, 17 and 18
TM 11-612 Radio Sets AN/PRC-8, 9 and 10
TM 11-678 Fundamentals of Telephony
TM 11-2059 Telephone TP-9 and Telephone Set TA-264/PT
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APPENDIX II
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Frequency modulation The process of varying the frequency of an radio frequency carrier
wave in accordance with the amplitude and frequency of an audio
signal.
Ground 1. The term applied to the earth as a conductor of electricity or to a
fixed reference in a particular circuit if the reference is not at a
zero voltage potential with respect to the earth. 2. A metallic con-
nection with the earth to establish ground potential.
Jamming The intentional transmission of interfering radio signals in order to
disturb the reception of other signals.
Lead in The conductor which connects the antenna to the radio set.
Line-of-sight communication That type of communication which depends on a point-to-point, un-
obstructed transmission path.
Local-battery operation A telephone system in which the current for talking is supplied
locally by each telephone. The signaling current may be supplied
from a local hand generator or from a centralized power source.
Local circuit A wire circuit connecting a telephone to a switchboard or other
distribution point.
Maintenance All action taken to retain materiel (including communication equip-
ment) in a serviceable condition or to restore items to service-
ability.
Microphone A device used to change mechanical sound energy into electrical
energy.
Modulation The process of modifying a radio-frequency carrier wave by super-
imposing audio frequencies on it is called modulation. The two
types of modulation used principally in military radio sets are
amplitude modulation and frequency modulation.
Monitor The process of checking the operation and performance of a system
by examining a part of the system or by sampling the output.
Net Two or more stations able to communicate with each other.
Organic Assigned to and forming an essential part of, a military organiza-
tion. The organic elements of a unit are those listed in its TOE.
Phantom circuit A telephone or telegraph circuit obtained by superimposing an ad-
ditional circuit on two existing circuits.
Polarity A condition in an electrical circuit by which the direction in which
current tends to flow can be determined, Polarity is usually ap-
plied to batteries and other direct voltage sources.
Polarization A property of an antenna system which determines some of its radi-
ation characteristics. A vertical antenna emits a vertically polar-
ized radio wave.
Power source A generator, battery, or other source of electrical power for a radio
set.
Power supply A unit for producing an AC or DC power at suitable voltage and
current ratings for circuits in electronic equipment.
Radio frequency Any frequency above the audio range that is used for transmitting
intelligence.
Radio relay system A point-to-point radio transmission system in which the signals are
received and retransmitted by one or more intermediate radio
stations.
Radio/wire integration A communication system, combining radio and wire facilities into a
coordinated system by means of remote control equipment, radio
relay equipment, radio terminal equipment, wire, cables and
switching equipment. A system of integration stations at signal
centers is used to establish communication between mobile FM
radios and elements of the command connected into the system by
telephone. The system can also be used in lieu of radio relay sta-
tions, since it can maintain radio communication between FM
radio stations that are beyond direct FM range.
Remote control A system or method of radio-transmitter control whereby the con-
trol functions are performed electrically from a distance, over
intervening wire or radio circuits.
Signal center Signal centers are established, operated and maintained by signal
corps personnel at major commands. A signal center usually in-
cludes a message center, messengers, cryptographic facilities,
teletypewriter facilities, telephone central office equipment, cir-
cuit patching and switching equipment, radio/wire integration
equipment and testing facilities.
Signal subcenter A signal installation which provides radio carrier facilities and
necessary terminal equipment as part of the area communication
system.
Signal operating instructions A series of orders (subject to frequent change) issued for tech-
(SOI) nical control and coordination of the signal communication activ-
ities of a command.
Simplex operation A method of operation in which communication between two sta-
tions takes place in one direction at a time.
Standing signal A set of instructions (not subject to frequent change) necessary for
instructions (SSI) the operation of signal communication equipment, agencies and
means. Instructions for the use of data in the SOI are contained
in the SSI.
Sole user circuit A circuit in an area communication system allocated to a unit for
full-time use to provide point-to-point communication in this sys-
tem.
Terminal equipment Carrier equipment used at end stations of a communication system.
Trunk circuit A circuit connecting two switchboards or other distribution points.
APPENDIX III
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
4. Silhouettes of Vehicles
The silhouettes of vehicles shown in figure manual to depict the type of vehicles as shown
156 are used in illustrations throughout this on tables of organization and equipment.
C 4 1/4-ton truck
. gap~~~~~~~~ ~~~vehicle
-
Tank recovery
INDEX
Paragraphs
Paragraphs Page
I)lties:
Assistant communication officer-..... 31 10
Chief message clerk-................ 34 10
Communication chieff......-.-
-.. - - - - 33 10
Communication officer -..... 30 9
Message clerk ...-....... 35 10
IRadio sectionl chief .38 11
Senior message clerk ........ 34 . .............
10
Wire section chief-........----------. 36 10
Wire team chief ..--------. ... ................------------------------.--------- 37 11
Establishing communication responsibility .-................... 46-53 15
Field message . --..-..-........- 80-93 25
Field telephones, general .-.....-------.---- 136 67
Five-pair cahle .........................---------- - 124 57
Headqunarters battery commander, relationship with -........ 32 10
Installation of artillery communication systems..-.. ....... 9 5
Integration of wire and radio communication -.. 45 15
--
Internal communicationll....... 51 16
Jamming ..........................----- 71 20
Lateral communication ...- ....-..-.......--..-- ... 50 15
I.neman's belt LC-23
..--................-- ----------------------- 135 67
Iine route map --......-.........--- 118 53
Maintenance:
()f communication.. . ......---...-------.. 52 16
Operator ...........................----- 330 213
Organizational .....------------------..---- .-.--... ---------------
-....--- 331 213
Manual telephone switchboard:
W..
Ceneral..-. 140 69
SB-22/PT ..............................--- 142 70
SB-993/CGT . .. .. ..--
----...-- 141 70
Message:
Book - --........... 82 25
Center operation -.....-..--... . ...---.... ------ 94-102 31
Clerk, duties--....--....--.. 35 10
Preparation --...............-.. 68 19)
Messages:
Incoming .- -...-..-.-.-...- 100-102 36
()utgoing --..... -..-.-.-.-.-.....- 98, 99 34
Messenger communication ---.......... 42 14
Monitoring -.........---- 73 21
Operation order .-........-.......--- 74 23
()perator:
Maintenance .....-..............--- 330 213
Training .-......... -- 70 20.
Organizational maintenance -.......----- 331 213
Physical security --...........-....- - - 62-65 19
Planning, communication - . ...........-- ...-- 10 5
Principles of communication - . ........-..--..-. .. 46-52 15
Application ...--...........-.......-- 53 16
Radio:
And wire integration- .... --..... 4..-
45 15
Communication - .. ...........- - 41 14
Equipment .. ....-.........-- - - - 148-163 74
Intelligence - ........- 69 20
Rtepeater Set AN/VRC-38 ..-.. ......... 159
I-.- 86
Section chief, duties--38 11
G. H. DECKER,
General, United States Army,
Official: Chief of Staff.
J. C. LAMBERT,
Major General, United States Army,
The Adjutant General.
Distribution:
Acdive Army:
DCSPER (2) Div Arty (10)
ACSI (2) AD Bde (1)
DCSLOG (2) Arty Bde (1)
DCSOPS (2) Inf Bde (1)
ACSRC (2) Regt/BG (5)
CRD (1) FA Gp (5)
COA (1) FA Bn (5)
CINFO (1) FA Btry (5)
TIG (1) USMA (5)
TJAG (1) USAWC (5)
TPMG (1) USACGSC (30)
TSG (1) MAAG (5)
Tech Stf, DA (1) Mil Msn (5)
ARADCOM (1) Br Svc Sch (5) except
ARADCOM Rgn (I) USAARMS (30)
LOGCOMD (1) USAAMS (2300)
USCONARC (20) USAIS (33)
Armies (5) USASCS (25)
Corps (3) Units org under fol TOE:
Corp Arty (10) 17-22 (5)
Div (2)
NG: State AG (3): TOE Units: 1-7 (1), 1-17 (1), 6-100 (3), 6-115 (3), 6-125 (3), 6-300 (3), 6-401 (3), 6-415 (3), 6-425
(3), 6-501 (3), 6-575 (3), 7 (1), 17 (1). All Other Arty Units (2).
USAR: Same as Active Army except allowance is one copy to each unit.
For explanation of abbreviations used see AR 320-50.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 196Z--27574