Php cng - php tr trong phm vi 100.000.

I , nhng kin thc cn nh .

1, php cng
a+b= c
( a , b l s hng , c l tng )
Cc tnh cht :
- T/c giao hon : a + b = b +a
- T/c kt hp : ( a + b) + c = a +(b + c )
- T/c cng vi s 0 : a + 0 = 0 + a = a
* Lu :
Nu ta thm hay bt baonhiu n v mt s hng th
tng cng tng hteem hay gim i bawys nhiu n v .
- Trong mt tng gm hai s hng , nu ta thm vo s hng
ny bao nhiu n v v bt s hng kia by nhiu n
v th tng khng thay i.
- Hai ( ba ) tng c chung mt s hng l n , tng no c s
hng cn li ln hn v ngc li.
- Hai ( ba ) tng c chung mt s hng l n , tng no b
hn th s hng cn li b hn v ngc li .
2, Php tr .
- Biu thc : a b = c
( a l s b tr ; b l s tr , c l hiu )
- Cc tnh cht :
S b tr bng s tr a a = o
Tr cho mt tng : a ( b + c ) = a b c
Tr cho s 0 : a o = a
`
Lu : Php tr ch thc hin c khi s b tr ln hn hoc
bng d\s tr ( trng hp s t nhin )
Ghi nh :
Khi cng thm hoc cng bt c s b tr v s tr
mt s n v nh nhau th hiu khng i .
Trong php tr nu ta thm ( bt ) s b tr bao
nhiu n v th hiu s tng gim by nhiu n v .
Trong php tr nu ta thm ( bt )s tr bao nhiu
n v th hiu s gim ( tng ) by nhiu n v
II Bi tp p dng
Bi 1 Khng thc hin ,hy so snh 2 tng sau v hn km nhau
bao nhiu v
a, 3780 +567
567 +3780
1

b , 5820 +72
5827 +56
c, 15000 +17000 +24000
(15000+3000) +( 17 000+
2 000) +24 000
d, (12 000 -6 000) +24 000 +3 000
12 000 +24 000+3
000
,63 000+18 000
(63000-5 000)+ (18 000 -7 000)
e, aooo +bo +c +12
aooo +bc + 24
*Hng dn gii
a, 3780+567 v
567+3780
-NX Hai tng u c 2 s hng ging nhau,nn 2 tng
bng nhau
- Vy 3780 +567 =567 +3780
B, 5820 +72 v 5827 +56
-Bin i v tri
5820 +72 = (5820 +7) +(72- 7)
= 5827
+65
-NX Hai tng u c cng mt s hng l 5827 ma 65 >
56
nn 5827 + 65 > 5827 +56
vy 5820 +72 > 5827 + 56
v ln hn 65-56 =9
c, 15 000 +17 000+ 24 000 v (15 000+3 000) +( 17 000
+2 000) +24000
- NX Hai tng u c cng 3 s hng l 15 000 ; 17 000;
24 000
V phi cng thm 3 000 v 2000
Nn VT <VP v nh hn 3 000 +2 000 = 5 000
d, Lm tng t c
e , a ooo +bo +c +12
v
aooo + bc +24
-Bin i VT : a 000 + b0 +c +12 =a 000 +bc +12
- NX hai tng u c cng 3 s hng l a ooo ; bc ; c m
12 <24
Vy a 000 +bc +c +12 < a000 +bc + c +24
Bi 2 : Tm x
a, x +35 762 =62 581
e, x 8562 = 4784
x2
b, x + 2467 =2467 +5
g , 342 + 142 x =
325
c, x +3452 < 3452 + 15
h , x 75 < 100 75
d, 36 < 33+ x< 41
y , 15 x > 13
2

* Hng dn gii :
- a , b , g ,e hc sinh t lm
C , x + 3452 < 3452 + 15
NX : Hai tng c chung 1 s hng l 3452 . Tng no nh
hn th s hng cn li phi nh hn.
x < 16 ( x l s t nhin )
Nn x nhn mt trong cc gi tr t 0 ;1 ; 15.
h , x 75 < 100 75
C , x + 3452 < 3452 + 15
NX : Hai hiu c chung s tr l 75 . Hiu no nh hn th
s b tr phi nh hn.
75 < x 100 M x l s t nhin
Nn x nhn mt trong cc gi tr t 75 ;76 ; 99.
y , 15 x > 13
y , 15 x > 15 - 2
NX : Hai hiu c chung s tr l 15 . Hiu no ln hn
th s b tr phi nh hn.
x < 2 M x l s t nhin
Nn x nhn mt trong cc gi tr l 0 hoc 1.
Bi 3 : Tnh bng cch hp l :
a, 68156 + 1800 + 44
b, 784 + 359 + 216 + 641
c, 8512 + 5125 + 1488
d, 7845 + 321 + 679 + 2155
g, 32456 ( 1500 +2456 )
h ,5738 ( 250 - 262 )
k , 1780 + 5 = ( 5 + 5 + + 5 + 5 ) ( c 40 s 5 )
* Hng dn gii :
- a , b , d, hc sinh t lm
Nhm trn chc
g, 32456 ( 1500 +2456 ) = 32456 1500 2456
= 32456 2456 - 1500
= 30000 1500 = 28500
h ,5738 ( 250 - 262 ) = 5738 +262 250
= 6000 250
= 5750
k , 1780 + 5 = ( 5 + 5 + + 5 + 5 ) = 1780 + 4 39 x 5
3

= 1780 + 4 195
= 1784 195
= 1589
Bi 4
A , Tm 3 s bit tng ca s th nht v s th hai l 162 .
Tng ca ST2 v ST3 l 136. Tng ca ST3 v ST1 l 148.
B, Tm 3 sA , B , C bit tng ca s A v S B l 144 .
Tng ca SB v SC l 130. Tng ca SC v SA l 150
. * Hng dn gii :
A, Tng ca 3 s l :
( 162 + 136 + 148 ) : 2 = 223
S th ba l
223 162 = 61
S th hai l
136 61 = 75
S th nht l
162 75 = 87
S :
Bi 5
A , Tm s c hai ch s bit rng nu cng s vi 46 ri
cng tip vi 54 th c mt s c tng cc ch s l 18 .
* Hng dn gii :
Gi s c hai ch s phi tm l ( k : a 0 a > b ( 10 )
Ly s cng vi 46 cng vi 54
Tc l ab + 46 + 54 = ab + 100 =
M 1 + a + b = 18 ( ng )
a + b = 18 -1 = 17
V a 0 v a, b < 10 nu a = 9 th b = 8
Th li :198 c tng cc ch s l 1 = 9 + 8 = 18 ( A )
Vy s c hai ch s phi tm l 98.
Hoc a = 9 th b= 8 ,. Ta tm c s 89.
Bi 6
Hai s c hiu bng 1536 . N u gi nguyn s b tr v
thm s b tr 246 v th hiu mi bng bao nhiu ?
* Hng dn gii :
C1: Trong 1 php tr nu gi nguyn SBT v thm vo s tr 264
v th hiu s gim i 264 dn v .
Vy hiu mi l 1536 264 = 1272.
S ; 1272
C2 : Gi s b tr l A , s tr l B ( K A >B ) th theo bi ra ta
c :
4

A B = 1536.
Nu gi nguyn s b tr v thm vo s tr 264 n v
lc ta c :
A ( B +264 ) = A- B 264
M A B =1536
Vy hiu mi l 1536 264 = 1272.
S ; 1272
b,
Hai s c hiu bng 3241 . N u gi nguyn s tr v gim s b
tr 81 v th hiu mi bng bao nhiu ?
* Hng dn gii :
C1: Trong 1 php tr nu gi nguyn S T v gim s b tr 81 v
th hiu s gim i 81 dn v .
Vy hiu mi l 3241 81= 3160.
S ; 3160
C2 : Gi s b tr l A , s tr l B ( K A >B ) th theo bi ra ta
c :
A B = 3241.
Nu gi nguyn s tr v gim i 81 n v lc ta
c :
(A 81) -B = A- B 81
M A B =3241
Vy hiu mi l 3241 81 = 3160.
S :
Hai s c hiu bng 1536 . N u gi nguyn s b tr v thm s
b tr 246 v th hiu mi bng bao nhiu ?
* Hng dn gii :
C1: Trong 1 php tr nu gi nguyn SBT v thm vo s tr 264
v th hiu s gim i 264 dn v .
Vy hiu mi l 1536 264 = 1272.
S ; 1272
C2 : Gi s b tr l A , s tr l B ( K A >B ) th theo bi ra ta
c :
A B = 1536.
Nu gi nguyn s b tr v thm vo s tr 264 n v
lc ta c :
A ( B +264 ) = A- B 264
M A B =1536
Vy hiu mi l 1536 264 = 1272.
S ; 1272
5

 Bi 7 : Cho tng ca 6 STN lin tip l 63 . Tm 6 STN lin

tip ?
* Hng dn gii :
Hai STN lin tip hn km nhau 1 v .
Gi 6 STN lin tip l n ; n +1; ; n +2; ; n +3; ; n +4; n +5
n + n +1+n +2+ n +3+ n +4+n +5 =63
n x 6 +( 1 + 2 +3 + 4 + 5 ) = 63
n x 6 + 15
= 63
nx6
= 63 -15
nx6
= 48
n
= 48 :6
n
=8
63 c vit thnh tng
63 = 8 + 9 + 10 + 11+ 12 +13 .
*Bi 8 : K hng cn tnh kt qu c th . Hy so snh hai
tng A v B .
a , A = 198 + 26 + 574+ 32 + 10
B = 530 + 124 + 92 + 76 + 18
b , , A = a bc + de + 1992
B = 19 bc + de
+ a 9e
Hng dn gii :
A , Tng A V tng B cng gm (1 + 5 ) trm , ( 9 + 2 +
7 + 3 + 1) chc v ( 8 + 6 + 4 + 2 + 0) n v nn A =B
Tng A gm 1 nghn ( a + 9 ) trm , ( b + d + 9)
chc v ( c + e + 2 ) n v
Tng A V tng B cng s nghn , s trm , s chc nhng s n v ca tng A >tng B
( c + e + 2) > (c+e +1) Nn A > B
*Bi 9 Tm s b tr ,s tr ca php tr .Bit tng ca
s b tr s tr v hiu la 1042 .S tr >hiu l 343
* Bi 10 ;Ba chic R bt A; B ;C chuyn c 25 khi vt
liu.Nu R bt A thm 2 khi na th 3 R bt chuyn bng nhau
.Hi mi R bt chuyn ? khi .
* Bi 11 Mt hnh ch nht c chu vi 96 cm .Nu chiu
di ct i 7cm ,chiu rng thm 7cm th c mt hnh vung
.tnh chiu di chiu rng ca hnh ch nht ?
- H/S lm bi cha bi
N X nh gi

TUN 2
Ngy son :
Ngy dy :
Ton :
n tp php nhn-php chia
Trong phm vi 100 000
I Nhng kin thc cn nh
1 Php nhn :
a / Biu thc : a x b= c ( a ,b l tha s ; c l tch)
b
Cc tnh cht :
- T/c giao hon
a xb = bxa
- T/c kt hp
(a x b ) xc = a x ( b xc )
- T/c nhn vi s 0
a xo =o xa = o
- T/c nhn vi s 1
a x 1= 1xa = a
- T/c mt s x 1 tng
a x (b + c ) = a x b + a x c
- T/c mt s nhn 1 hiu a x (b- c ) = a x b - a x c
- Ch :
Trong mt tch 2 tha s nu gi nguyn mt tha s , tng tha
s kia thm bao nhiu n v th tch tng by nhiu ln , tha s
gi nguyn.
Trong mt tch 2 tha s nu tha s ny gp bao nhiu ln ,
tha s kia gim i by nhiu ln th tch khng thay i.
Nu mi tha s gp ln 2 ln th tch gp ln 2 x 2 = 4
Trong mt tch 2 tha s c mt tha s bng nhau. Ta so snh 2
tha s cn li . Tch no c tha s cn li ln hn th tch ln
hn.
2 Php chia :
a / Biu thc : a : b= c ( a ,b l tha s ; c l tch)
b
Cc tnh cht :
- T/c s b chia bng s chia
a :a = 1
- T/c s b chia bng 0
0: a = 0
- T/c chia vi s 1
a :1 = a
- T/c chia mt tch
a : (b x c ) = a : b : c
- T/c mt tng chia 1 s
a :c :+ b: c =( a + b ) :c
- - T/c mt hiu chia 1 s
a :c :- b: c =( a -b ) :c
- Ch :
Trong php chia nu ta tng hoc gim s b chia bao nhiu
ln v gi nguyn s chia th thng s tng hoc gim by nhiu
ln.

Trong php chia nu ta tng hoc gim s chia bao nhiu

ln v gi nguyn s b chia th thng s tng hoc gim by
nhiu ln.
Nu s b chia v s cng gp hoc cng gim bao nhiu ln
th thng s khng thay i.
Trong php chia c d ,S d bao gi cng nh hn s chia . S
d ln nht km s chia mt n v.
II > Bi tp .
Bi 1

Tnh gi tr ca biu thc :

a, 4570 135 x9 + 846 : 3
b , 485 x5 + 4921 : 7 + ( 6156 : 9 179 )
c, 2040 + 3015 : 9 -135
d, 36 x9 +6 + 64 x 10 + 184
e, 1980 + 15 x 6 + 9810 : 9
g , 786 + 56 x 8 : 2
? Nu th t thc hin cc php tnh trong dy tnh .
Hs tnh cha bi.
Vd :
a, 4570 135 x9 + 846 : 3 = 4570 1215 + 282
= 3355
+ 282
=
3637
Cc cn li hc sinh lm tng t.
Bi 2 : Tm x
a, x x8 x x5 = 72
*Khng thc hin,
Tm x
b, x +x +x x8 =50
5 x x =5 x125
c, x x 7 = 36x 7
( x + 5) x 1991
= (19 + 5) x 1991
d , 15 < x x 5 <25
35 x x <35 x6
e, x : 9 = x
(15 x ) x79 <
(15 -2 ) x79
g, 7 x (x : 7 ) =833
4574 :x =4574
:2
h, x :5 :8 +106 =302
( x + 2) :1991
= (3980 + 2 ): 1991
k, 1032 : ( x x4 )= 6
x :5 < 15: 5
35 : x > 35 : 5
* G V hng dn hs lm bi cha bi
Lu mt s im 2 dng tm x
Bi 3 : a/ Hy vit s 945 thnh tch cc s l lin tip
?
8

b/ Vit s 46 080 thnh tch cc s chn lin tip ?

Hng dn gii
a/ Ta c 945 : 1 hay 945 = 945 x1
945 : 3 = 315 hay 945 = 315 x 3
315 :5 =63
hay 315 =63 x5
63 : 7 =9
hay 63 = 7x9
Vy 945 =1x3 x5 x7 x9
b/ Hs chia ln lt cho 2 ; 4; 6 ; 8; 10
Vy 46 080 = 2 x 4 x 6 x 8 x 10
.Bi 4 : Tnh gi tr biu thc bng cch hp l
a/ 6 x7 +12 x6 +6 x81
i/
126 :3 +24 : 3
b/ 24 x2 x2 +2 x12x6
k/
325 :5 -25 :5
c/ 8 +8x3 +16 :2 x6
l/126 :
6 + 42 :6 48: 6
d/ (485 + 3) x8 x(2 x12 -2 x7 - 2x 5)
e / 9x9 +25 x9 +33 x18
g/ 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + .+ 5 - 555
(c 111 s 5 tng)
h/ 7 x 2 +28 +14 x2
GV hng dn hs lm bi
Hs da vo cc t/c d tnh gv gi hs cha bi
Bi 5:Hy vit biu thc sau thnh tch 2 tha s
a/ 45 + 24 +40 +51
b/ 12 + 294 +138 +16
*Hng dn gii
A / 45 + 24 +40 +51 = 40 + (45 +24 + 51 )
= 40 + 120
= 4x 10 + 10 x12
=
10 x (4 +12 )
=
10 x 16
b/ 12 +294 +138 +16 = (72 +138 ) + (294 +16 )
= 210 +
310
= 21 x 10 + 10 x31
= 10 x (21 + 31 )
= 10 x 52
Bi 6 : Tm SBC ;S C ; thng
a/ ** : a = a ( d 7 )
9

b/ ** : b = b (d 6 ) ( b l s chn )
*Hng dn gii
a/ ** : a =a (d 7 )
-NX V s d lun nh hn s chia ,m s d laf 7 v s
chia c 1 ch s ,nn s chia l 8 hoc 9 . vy a =8 hoc 9
-Nu a =8 th ** : a = a (d 7)
** : 8 = 8 (d 7 )
**
= 8x8+7
**
= 71
Ta c php tnh 71 : 8 = 8 ( d 7 )
- Nu a = 9 th ** :a = a ( d 7 )
** : 9 = 9 (d 7 )
**
= 9x9+7
**
= 88
T a c php tnh 88 : 9 = 9 (d 7 )
* Vy ** = 71 hoc 88
b , lm tng t
Bi 7 a, Hai s c tch bng 592 . Bit rng nu gi nguyn tha
s th nht v tng tha s th hai thm 6 n v th c tch
mi bng 6048 . Tm tha s th nht .
b , Tm tch hai s bit rng : Nu gi nguyn tha s
v tng tha s cn li thm 4 ln th c tch mi bng 8900 .
Hng dn gii
a/ Trong mt tch Nu gi nguyn tha s th nht v
tng tha s th hai thm 6 n v th tch tng thm mt s
bng 6 ln tha s th nht . V 6 ln tha s th nht l :
6048-5292 = 756 .
Tha s th nht l :
756 :6 = 126
b , Trong mt tch Nu gi nguyn mt tha s v tng
tha s cn li ln 4 ln th tch tng ln 4 ln .
V 8900 bng 4 ln tch cn tm l :
8900 :4 = 126
c , Tch hai s t nhin l 65 : Nu mt s tng thm 30
n v v gi nguyn tha kia th tch mi l 215.Tm 2 s
?
d , Tch hai s t nhin l3192. Tha s th nht c ch
s hng v hn ch s hng trm l 1 . Nu ta i ch hai ch
s ny cho nhau v gi nguyn tha s th hai th tch mi l
3588. Tm 2 s ? .
10

Hng dn gii
. d , mt tha s c ch s hng v hn ch s hng trm l 1
v . Nn khi i ch hai ch s ny cho nhau ta i tng tha
s ny thm 99 v (100 1 = 99v )
Nh vy tch c tng thm 99 ln T/ s kia
T / s kia l :
( 3588 3192 ) : 99 = 4
Tha s cn li l ;
3192 : 4 = 798
Bi 8 : Tnh gi tr biu thc bng cch hp l
a/ 4 x 113 +5 x 113 +113
b/ ( 532 x 7 - 266 x 14 ) x ( 532 x7 + 266)
c/ 117 x ( 36 + 62 ) 17 x (62
36 )
d / ( 145 x 99 +145 ) ( 144 x 101 143 )
/ ( 1875 : 2 + 125 : 2 )
e / 0 : 7 x ( 120 + 3 x 4 )
g/ ( m :1 m x 1 ) : ( m x 1991 + m + 1 ) ( m l STN )
GV hng dn hs lm bi
a/ 4 x 113 +5 x 113 +113
= 113 x ( 455 +1 )
= 113 x 10
= 1130
b/ ( 532 x 7 - 266 x 14 ) x ( 532 x7 + 266)
= ( 532 x 7 - 266 x 2 x 7 ) x ( 532 x7 + 266)
= ( 532 x 7 532 x 7 ) x ( 532 x7 + 266)
=
0
x(
)
=
0
g/ ( m :1 m x 1 ) : ( m x 1991 + m + 1 ) ( m l STN )
= ( m m ) : ( m x 1991 +m + 1 )
=
0 : ( m x 1991 +m + 1 )
=
0
Bi tp v nh:
Bi 1 :
Tm x :
a , 1200 : 6 ( 18 + x ) = 37
b , x + 17 + 36 < 54 + 6
c , x + 8 < 19 ( m x l s l )
d , x x 245 = 422 x ( 8 5- 3 )
, x x 8 < 48 ,
g , 4 < x x 2< 12
11

Bi 2 : Tnh nhanh :
a , 35 x 18 9 x 70 +1000
b , 18 + 18 x 2 + 18 x 7 + 100
c , 62 52 + 37 + 28 38 +63
d , 1 + 2 -3 4 + 5 6 7 - 8 + 9 + 10
ton : s t nhin
I , Nhng kin thc cn nh :
1 , Cc s o, 1 , 2 , 3 ,4 .l cc s t nhin.
2 , V it cc s t nhin trong h thp phn ngi ta dng 10 k
hiu 9 cn gi l 10 ch s ) 0 , 1 ,2 , 3, 4 ,5,6 7 , 8 ,9 .
3 , trong h thp phn 10 v hng sau gp thnh 1 v
hng ln hn lin trc n .
4 , c vit cc s trong h thp phn ngi ta tch s thnh
tng lp v hng .
Mi lp c 3 ch s . mi lp hn km nhau 1000 ln .
Mi lp c 3 hng , . mi ch s thuc 1 hng .
Mi hng hn km nhau 10 ln .
5 , S t nhin hnor nht l 0 , khng c s t nhin ln nht .hai
s t nhin lin tip hn km nhau 1 n v .
6 , Cc s chn l cc s c ch s hng n v l ) 0 , ,2 , ,
4 , ,6 , 8 .
Cc s l l cc s c ch s hng n v l) 1 , , 3, ,5,
7 , ,9 .
Hai s chn hoc hai s l lin tip hn km nhau 2 v .
7 , Trong dy s t nhin bt u l s 1 th s lng cc s trong
dy chnh bng gi tr ca s cui cng trong dy s y.
Nu dy s t nhin bt u bng s chn ( hoc l ) v kt
thc bng s l ( hoc chn ) th s lng cc s chn bng s lng
cc s l.
Nu dy s t nhin bt u bng s chn ( hoc l ) v kt
thc bng s chn th s lng cc s l km s lng cc s chn
1 ch s .
V ngc li .
Dng 1 cvit cc s t nhin.
a , x = 5 x 1000 + 5 x 10 + 5
b , x = 5 x 10000 + 5 x 1000 + 5 x 10.
c , x = 7 x 10000 + 8
d , x = a x 10000 + 6 x 100 + c x 10 + d
e , x = a x 10000 + b x 1000 + c
*Hng dn gii
12

: a , x = 5 x 1000 + 5 x 10 + 5 vit l 5055

b , x = 5 x 10000 + 5 x 1000 + 5 x 10. vit l 55050
c , x = 7 x 10000 + 8 vit l 700008
d , x = a x 10000 + 6 x 100 + c x 10 + d vit l a00 bcd
e , x = a x 10000 + b x 1000 + c vit l b booc
Bi 2 : Phn tch gi tr cc ch s tng hng ca cc s t
nhin ,ri c cc s
abc
; 7860 ; mnpq
Hng dn lm bi
abc = a x 100 + b x10 + c x 10 Hay abc =a00 + bo + c
abc c l : a trm, b chc ,c n v
- Cc cn li hs lm tng t
Bi 3 : Thay cc ch a; b bng cc ch s thch hp
a/ 3a25b <31078
b/ 62b53 > 62872
c/ 6a75 < 6175
d/ 4a18 > 4129
H dn :
a, V 3a25b < 31078 nn a < 1. Vy a = 0 .
Cc cn li lm tng t .
Bi 4 : Cho s 29910 s ny thay i th no nu :
a , Vit thm 1 ch s 0 vo sau n .
b , Vit thm 1 ch s 7 vo sau n .
c , Vit xen 1 ch s 0 vo gia hai ch s 9 .
d , i ch ch s 2 vo gia hai ch s 9 .
, i ch ch s 2 xung hng n v .
Gii
a , Vit thm 1 ch s 0 vo sau n ta c s 299100. S
cho c gp 10 ln .
b , Vit thm 1 ch s 7 vo sau n ta c s 299107. S
cho c gp 10 ln v 7 n v .
c , Vit xen 1 ch s 0 vo gia hai ch s 9 ta c s
290910. Sau ta c thm vo 261000 n v ( 290910
29910 = 26100 )
Cc cn li Hs lm tng t c .
( Lm thm bi 8 sch bi dng ).
Tun 3 :
Bi 6 : in du ( < , > , = ) vo trng :
a, 3 x 1000 + 9 x 100 + 5 X 10 + 7
3957
13

b, x0 x0 x
c , a3 +3 a

x0 x 0 x

+ x0 x

( a +3 ) x 11

d , a53 + 4b6 + 29c

+ abc + 750
*Hng dn gii
a, 3 x 1000 + 9 x 100 + 5 X 10 + 7
b, x0 x0 x
x0 x 0 x + x0 x

3957

c , a3 +3 a
( a +3 ) x 11
Bin i v tri : a x10 + 3 + 3 x 10 + a
= a x 11 + 3 x 11
= 11 x ( a + 3 )
NX : VT = VP = 11 x ( a + 3 )
Vy a3 +3 a = ( a +3 ) x 11
d , a53 + 4b6 + 29c
+ abc + 750
Bin i v tri : a53 + 4b6 + 29c = aoo + 53
+ 400 + b0 + b + 290 + C
= ( aoo + b0 +c ) + ( 53 +
400 + 6 + 290)
= abc + 749 .
NX : Hai tng cng c chung mt s hng l abc
vt s hng
cn li 749 < 750.
Nn
abc + 749 < abc + 750
Hay a53 + 4b6 + 29c < abc + 750..
Bi 7 :
Vit s t nhin x bit :
a , x l s t nhin b nht .
b , x l lin sau 999 .
c , x l s ln nht c 4 ch s .
d, x l s t nhin ln
nht c 5 ch s .
e, x l s
gia s t nhin b nht a v s ( a +1 )
g , x < b v b < 5 ( b l s t nhin ).
*Hng dn gii
e , K c STN nm gia STN a v a + 1.( V lin sau a l
a +1, lin trc a + 1 l a )
g , , x < b v b < 5 th b nhn cc gi tr t 1 - > 4.
Nu b = 1 th x = 0
Nu b = 2 th x = 0 , x =1
14

Nu b = 3 th x = 0 , , x =1, , x =2
Nu b = 4 th x = 0 , , x =1, x =2, , x = 3
Dng 2
vit cc s t nhin t nhng ch s cho trc .
I , Cch gii cc
Chn ch s ca hng
Dng s cy lp s >
II , Bi tp
Bi 1 : a , cho 3 ch s 3, 5, 6 . Hy lp tt c cc s c 3
ch s khc nhau t 3 ch s tr ln ( mi ch s u xut hin
1 ln trong cc s )
b , cho 4 ch s 2 , 0 , 5 ,v 6. Hy lp tt c cc s c 3
ch s khc nhau t 4 ch s tr ln ( mi ch s c cc ch s
khc nhau )
c , cho 3 ch s 2, 0 , 5, 6 . Hy lp tt c cc s c 4
ch s khc nhau .Em c nhn xt g v s xut hin mi ch s
cc hng ?
d , cho 4 ch s 0 , 3 , 8 ,v 9. Hy lp tt c cc s c
4 ch s khc nhau t 4 ch s .
+ Tm s ln nht , s b nht t 4 ch s cho.
*Hng dn gii
a, Cch 1 : Chn cc ch s cc hng .
- Chn ch s 3 l hng trm ta c cc s 356 , 365 .
- Chn ch s 5 l hng trm ta c cc s 53 6 ,563 .
- Chn ch s 6 l hng trm ta c cc s6356 , 653 .
KL : Vi 3 ch s 3, 5 v 6 ta lp c 6 ch s c 3 ch s
khc nhau.
Cch 1 : Chn cc ch s cc hng .
- 3

5-6
6 - 5 ta lp c s 356 , 365 .
- 5
3 6 ta lp c s 53 6 ,563 .
6-3
- 6
5 3 ta lp c s6356 , 653 .
6-3
KL : Vi 3 ch s 3, 5 v 6 ta lp c 6 ch s c 3 ch s
khc nhau.
b, lp s c 3 ch s th ch s hng coa nht l hng
trm .
15

Cch 1 : Chn cc ch s cc hng

Chn ch s 2 hng trm . Ta lp c s : 205 : 206 : 250 ;
260 ; ; 256 ; 265 .
Chn ch s 5 hng trm . Ta lp c s : 502 ; 562; 526 ;
520 ; ; 560 ; 506 .
Chn ch s 6 hng trm . Ta lp c s : 605 : 602 : 650 ;
620 ; 652, 625 .
KL : Vi 4 ch s 2, 0, 5 v 6 ta lp c 18 ch s c 3 ch s
.
* cch 2 Hs t lm tng t .
c , C1 : lp c s c 4 ch s th ch s hng cao
nht l hng nghn :
- Chn ch s 1 lm hng nghn .Ta lp c s c 4 ch s
khc nhau : 1243 , 1234, 1423 , 1432.
Chn ch s 2 lm hng nghn .Ta lp c s : 2143 ,
2134, 2314 , 2341, 2413, 2431
. Chn ch s 3 lm hng nghn .Ta lp c s : 3124 ,
3124, 3214 , 3241 , 3412, 3421 .
Chn ch s 4 lm hng
nghn .Ta lp c s c 4 ch s khc nhau : 4123 , 4132, 4213 ,
4231 , 4312 , 4321.
NX : Vi mi ch s mi hng xut hin 6 ln.
d , HS t lm.
luwys :
Ch s 0 k th ng hng trm c .
S ln nht c lp t 4 ch s 0 ,3 ,8 ,9 th ch s hng
nghn l cc ch s ln nht trong 4 ch s . Vy ch s hng
nghn phi l 9
ch s hng trm l cc ch s ln nht trong 3 ch s cn
li . Vy ch s hng trm phi l 8
ch s hng chc l cc ch s ln nht trong 2 ch s cn li
. Vy ch s hng v phi l o.
1. KL :S ln nht c 4 ch s khc nhaudduwowc lp
t 4 ch s cho 9830.
Tng t nh trn s b nht c 4 ch s khc nhau c lp
t 4 ch s cho l 3089 .
Bi 2 : a , cho 3 ch s 1; 2; 3 hi c th lp c bao
nhiu ch s c 3 ch s .
b, T 10 ch s 0, 1 , 2 9 hi :
c th lp c bao nhiu ch s c 2 ch s
khc nhau .
c th lp c bao nhiu ch s c 2 ch s .
16

*Hng dn gii :
a , lp s c 3 ch s th ch s hng cao nht l ch s
hng trm
lp c cc s c 3 ch s th c 3 cch chn ch s
hng trm.
Vi mi cch chn ch s hng trm c 3 cch chn ch s
hng chc .
Vi mi nhm ch s hng trm, hng chc c 3 cch chn
ch s hng v .
Vy vi 3 ch s cho ta c th lp c :
3 x 3 x3 = 27 ( s c 3 ch s )
L cc s : 111 ; 122 ; 133 ; 132 ; 123 ; 121 ; 112 ; 113 .
222 ; 211 ; 213 ; 231 ; 212 ; 232 ; 221 ; 223 .
333 ; 311; 322 ; 312 ; 321 ; 313 ; 323 ; 331 ;
322
b , lp s c 2 ch s th ch s hng cao nht l ch s
hng chc
lp c cc s c 2ch s th c 9 cch chn ch s hng
chc ( Tr ch s 0 ).
Vi mi cch chn ch s hng chc c 9 cch chn ch s v
.
Vy vi 10 ch s cho ta c th lp c :
9 x 9 = 81 ( s c 2 ch s khc nhau )
b lm tng t . S c 2 ch s th ch s hng cao nht
l ch s hng chc .
lp c cc s c 2 ch s th c 9 cch chn ch s
hng chc ( Tr ch s 0 ).
Vi mi cch chn ch s hng chc c 10 cch chn ch s
hng v .
T 10 ch s cho ta c th lp c :
9 x 10 = 90 ( s c 2 ch s )
Bi 3 : : a , Cho 3 ch s a, b , c ( a, b , c khc 0 ) lp ttaats
c cc s c 3 ch s khc nhau ri tnh rng . Bi a + b + c = 15
b , Cho 5 ch s khc nhau v khc 0 . Hi c th lp bao
nhiu cc s c 3 ch s a ,
c , Cho 6 ch s khc nhau
trong coos1 ch s 0. Hi c th lp bao nhiu cc s c
3 ch s khc nhau .
*Hng dn gii
a Hs t lm ( Thay a + b +c = 15 tnh tng )
b , S c 2 ch s hng l;n nht l hng chc
17

 lp c cc s c 2ch s khc nhau t cc ch s cho

c 5 cch chn ch s hng chc ( Tr ch s 0 ).
Vi mi cch chn ch s hng chc c 4 cch chn ch s v
.
Vy vi 5 ch s cho ta c th lp c :
5 x 4 = 20 ( s c 2 ch s khc nhau )
c Hs l c 1 ch s .
Bi 4 : a , C bao nhiu s c 3 ch s m tng cc ch s
ca n bng
b , C bao nhiu s c 5 ch s m tng cc ch s ca
n bng 3 .*Hng dn gii
c , C bao nhiu s c 4 ch s m tng cc ch s ca n
bng 4
.*Hng dn gii :
a , v tng ca s c 3 ch s bng 3 nn ta c :
3 = 3 + 0 + 0 ; 3 = 2 + 1 + 0 ; 3 = 1 + 1 + 1.
Vy ta lp c cc s c 3 ch s m tng cc ch s bng 3
l : 300 ; 210 ; 201 ; 111 ; 120 ; 102 .
Cc b , c hc sinh lm tng t .
Bi 5 : Cho 9 ch s vit lin nhau nh sau : 120317495. Gi
nguyn th t ca cc ch s c
A, S c 3 ch s ln nht .
B, S c 3 ch s nh nht
.*Hng dn gii :
Ta c s : 120317495. sau khi xa i 6 ch s m vn
gi nguyn th t ca cc ch s em hy xa i 6 ch s c
s c 3 ch s ln nht th ln xa th nht phi xa i 5 ch
s l 7495 .
S au khi xa ta c s 7495 .
sau khi nhn c s c 3 ch s ln nht m th t ca
cc ch s khng i th ln xa th 2 phi xa i 1 tip
theo l ch s 4795 .
Ta c s ln nht khi xa i phi l 795 .
b , Tng t ta c s nh nht sau khi xa i phi l s 101.
Bi 6 : Hy vit STN lin tip tf s 7 s 14 thnh mt
dy cc ch s . Sau xa i 9 ch s no m vn gi
nguyn th t ca cc ch s cn li c
A, S ln nht .
B, S b nht
.*Hng dn gii :
18

a , Vit cc STN t 7 > 14 ta c s : 7891011121314. sau

khi xa i 9ch s m vn gi nguyn th t ca cc ch s
c s ln nht th ch s u tin phi gi li l 9. Ta xa i 2
ch s l 7 v 8 : 91011121314 .
S au khi xa ta c s 91011121314 .
Ta cn phi xa i 9 -2 = 7 ch s d c s ln nht m
th t ca cc ch s khng i .Nn ch s tip theo ta phi gi
l ch s 3 .
Vy ta xa i 7 ch s l 10 111213
Vy sau khi xa i 9 ch s ta c s ln nht l 9314 .
b , Tng t sau khi xa i 9 ch s ta c s b nht l
1011.
Tun 4
Phn 3 : cc bi ton v dy s
Dng i : in thm s hng vo trc ; gia v sau dy s .
I nhng kin thc cn nh .
1, Nhn xt v rt ra quy lut .
2 , Nu quy lut t nhn xt trn.
3, Tm cc s hng cn thiu theo quy lut
4 , in cc s hng cn thiu vo dy s .
II , nhng quy lut thng gp
Mi s hng ( k t s hng thc hai ) bng s hng trc n
cng hoc tr vi mt s t nhin d..
* Mi s hng ( k t s hng thc hai) bng s hng trc n
nhn hoc chia vi mt s t nhin q khc.
* Mi s hng (k t s hng th ba )bng tng 2 s hng ng
lin trc n .
* Mi s hng ( k t s hng thc hai ) bng tng 2 s hng ng
lin trc n cng vi STN d ri cng s t nhin ca s hng y .
S hng ng sau bng s hng ng trc nhn vi STT
ca s hng y .

II . bi tp
Bi tp 1 : in thm 3 s hng vo dy s sau :a ,1, 2 , 4, 6,
8.
NX : S hng th 2 l 2 = 0 +2
S hng th 3 l 4 = 2+2
19

S hng th 4 l 6 = 4 +2
Quy lut : Mi s hng ( k t s hng thc hai ) bng s hng
trc n cng vi 2 .
Vy 3 s hng cn thiu ca dy s l :
8 + 2= 10
10 + 2 = 12
12 +
2 = 14
Ta c dy s y l : 0 , 2 , 4, 6, 8;10 ; 12 ; 14.
b , 3 , 7 11, 15
c , 1, 3 , 4, 7, 11, 18.
HS t lm
d , 0 , 2 , 4, 6, 12 , 22.
d, NX :
S hng th t l 6 = 4 +2 + 0
S hng th nm l 12 = 4 +2 + 6
S hng th su l 22 = 6 +6 + 12
Quy lut : Mi s hng ( k t s hng th t ) bng tng ca 3
s hng trc n.
Vy 3 s hng cn thiu ca dy s l :
6 +1 2 + 22 = 40
12 + 22 + 40 = 74
22 + 40 +74 = 136
Vy dy s y l : 0 , 2 , 4, 6, 8;10 ; 12 ; 22 ; 40 ; 74 ;
136..
e , 1 , 2; 4, 6, 8, 16
g , 5, 7 ,10, 14, 19.
HS t lm
h , 1 , 2 , 6, 24.
I, 1 , 4 ,9 ,16 , 25
k , 0 , 3 , 7 , 12 , 18
Gii
d, NX :
S hng th 2 l 3 = 1 +2 + 0
S hng th 3 l 7 = 3 +3 + 1
S hng th 4 l 12 = 7 +4 + 1
S hng th 5 l 18 = 12 + 5 + 1
Quy lut : Mi s hng ( k t s hng thc hai ) bng s hng
trc n cng vi STN cu chnh n trong dy ri cng vi 1 .
Vy 3 s hng cn thiu ca dy s l :
18 + 6 + 1 = 25
25 + 7 + 1 = 33
33 + 8 +1 = 42
Vy dy s y l : 0 , 3 , 7, 12 ; 18 ; 25 ; 33 ; 42..
Bi tp 2 : Tm s hng u tin ca dy s sau : a, . ,17 ,
19 , 21. Bit dy c 10 s .
NX : S hng th 10 l 21 = 1 0 x 2 +1
S hng th 9 l 19 = 9 x 2 +1
S hng th 8l 17 = 8 x 2 +1
20

Quy lut : Mi s hng trong dy bng s th t ca chnh

n trong dy s nhn vi 2 ri cng vi 1 .
Vy s hng u tin ca dy s l :
1x2 +1=3
Ta c dy s y l : 3, . , 19 ; 21.
b , Tm s hng u tin ca dy s sau :
. ,64 , 81 , 100. Bit dy c 10 s hng.
c , Tm s hng u tin ca dy s sau : 39
, 42 , 45 Bit dy c 15 s hng .
d , Tm s hng u tin ca dy s sau : 26 , 28 , 30.
Bit dy c 15 s hng.
Hs t lm.
Gv cha .
Bi tp 3 : Tm s hng cn thiu ca dy s sau : a, 3 , 9 ,
27792 .
NX : S hng th 2 l 9 = 3 x 3
S hng th 3 l 27 = 9 x 3
S hng th 8l 17 = 8 x 2 +1
Quy lut : Mi s hng trong dy ( k t s hng th hai )
bng s hng ng lin trc n nhn vi 3 .
Ta c cc s hng cn thiu ca dy s l :
27 x 3 = 81
81 x 3 = 243
243 x 3 = 729
Ta c dy s cn thiu l : 9 ,3, 27 , 81 , 243 , 729 .
b , Tm s hng cn thiu ca dy s sau : 3
, 8 , 23 , 608
NX : S hng th 2 l 8 = 3 x 3 - 1
S hng th 3 l 23 = 8 x 3 -1
Quy lut : Mi s hng trong dy ( k t s hng th hai )
bng s hng ng lin trc n nhn vi 3 ri tr i 1. .
Ta c cc s hng cn thiu ca dy s l :
23 x 3 -1 = 68
68 x 3 -1 = 203
203 x 3 -1 = 608 (g)
Ta c dy s cn thiu l : 3 , 8, 23 , 68 , 203 , 608.
c , Tm s hng cn thiu ca dy s sau : 6 , 11 , 16, 51 .
NX : S hng th 2 l 11 = 6 +5
S hng th 3 l 16 = 11+15
21

Quy lut : Mi s hng trong dy ( k t s hng th hai )

bng s hng ng lin trc n cng vi 5 .
Ta c cc s hng cn thiu ca dy s l :
16 + 5 = 21
36 + 5 = 41
21 + 5 = 26
41+ 5 = 46
46 + 5 = 51 (g)
Ta c dy s cn thiu l : 6 , 51.
d , Tm s hng cn thiu ca dy s sau :

99, 97 , 94 ,

55.
e , Tm s hng cn thiu ca dy s sau :
11 , 20 , 125.

1, 2 , 3 , 6 ,

Hs t lm.
Gv cha .
Bi tp 4 : Cho bng gm 12 c cc s nh sau :
5
7

a , Hy in y cc s vo trng sao cho tng 3 s lin

tip bng 94 .
b, Tnh tng cc s trn bng .
c , Tnh tng cc ch trn bng .
Hng dn gii :
B1 : nh s th t vo bng t 1 -> 12 ta c :
5
9
7
1
12
B2 : NX :V tng ca 3 lin tip bng 94 nn ta c
1 + 2 + 3 = 94
2 + 3 + 4 = 94
= > 1 = 4 ( V cng cng vi 2 v oo3 )
2 + 3 + 4 = 94
3 + 4 + 5 = 94
= > 2 = 5( V cng cng vi 3 v 4)
3 + 4 + 5 = 94
4+ 5 + 6 = 94
= > 3 = 6 ( V cng cng vi 4 v 5 )
4+ 5 + 6 = 94
22

 5 + 6 + 7 = 94
= > 4 = 7 ( V cng cng vi 5 v 6 )
1 + 2 + 3 = 94
2 + 3 + 4 = 94
= > 1 = 4 ( V cng cng vi 6 v 7)
Tng t ta c :
1 = 4 = 7 = 10 =57 ( v 1 =57 )
2 = 5 = 8 = 11
3 = 6 = 9 = 12 = 9 ( v 3 = 9 )
( V tng 3 lin tip bng 94 nn 2 = 94 ( 1 + 3 )
= 94 57 + 9 = 28 .
Vy 2 = 5 = 8 = 11 = 28
B3 : in cc s vo bng ta c :
5
7

2
8

5
7

2
8

5
7

2
8

5
7

2
8

b , Tng cc s trn bng l :

957 +28 + 9) x 4 = 376
NX : Bng c 12 c 3 lin tip c tng bng 94 . Ta c : 12 : 3
= 4 (nhm )c tng 94
Tng cc s trn bng l 94 x 4 = 376
s : 376
c , Bng c 12 c chia lm 4 (nhm ) c tng 94 cc ch s
l :
5 + 7 + 2 + 8 + 9 = 31
Vy tng cc s trn bng l 31 x 4 = 124
s : 124
* 2 Cho bng gm 10 c cc s nh sau :
20
4

11
5

32
5

a , Hy in y cc s vo trng .Bit rng tng 4 s lin

tip bng 1026 .
b, Tnh tng cc s trn bng .
c , Tnh tng cc ch trn bng .
Hng dn gii :
23

B1 : nh s th t vo bng t 1 -> 10 ta c :
20
11
32
4
5
5
1
10
B2 : NX :V tng ca 4 lin tip b1026 nn ta c
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 1026
2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 1026
= > 1 = 5 ( V cng cng vi 2 v 3 4 )
2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 1026
3 + 4 + 5 = 1026
= > 2 = 6( V cng cng vi 3 v 4, 5)
3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 1026
4+ 5 + 6 + 7 = 1026
= > 3 = 7( V cng cng vi 4 v 5 6)
4+ 5 + 6+ 7 = 1026
5 + 6 + 7 + 8= 1026
= > 4 = 8( V cng cng vi 5 v 6 7)
Tng t ta c :
1 = 5 = 9 = 204
( v 1 = 204 )
2 = 6 = 10 = 325 ( v 2 = 325 )
3 = 7 = 115 ( v 7 = 115 )
( V tng 4 lin tip bng 1026 nn 4 = 1026 ( 1 + 2
+3)
= 1026 ( 204 + 325 + 115 ) =
382 .
Vy 4 = 8 = 382
B3 : in cc s vo bng ta c :
20 32 11 32 20 32 11 38 20 32
4
5
5
8
4
5
5
2
4
5
b,
NX : Bng c 1o c 4 lin tip c tng bng 1026. Ta c
10 : 4 = 2 ( d 2 )
Vy bng c chia lm 2 nhm mi nhm = 1026. V 2
u tin ca nhm th 3 l (204 + 35 )
Vy tng ca cc s trn bng l :
1026 x2 + ( 204 + 325 ) = 2581 .
s : 2581
24

c , Bng c 10 c chia lm 2 (nhm ) ( d 2 mi nhm c

tng cc ch s l :
2 + 0 + 4 + 5 + 2 +5 +1 +1 +5 + 3 +8 +2 =36
Vy tng cc s trn bng l 36 x 2 +( 2 + 0 + 4 + 3 +
2 +5 ) = 90
s : 90
3
Cho bng c in cc s nh hnh v:
50

a , Hy in y cc s vo trng .Tch 3 lin tip bng

1000 .
Hng dn gii :
B1 : Ta k hiu cc t 1 -> 15 ta c :
:V tng ca 3 lin tip bng 1000 nn ta c
1 x 2 x 3 = 1000
2 x 3 x 4 = 1000
= > 1 = 4 ( V cng cng vi 2 v 3 )
2 x 3 x 4 = 1000
3 x 4 x 5 = 1000
= > 2 = 5( V cng cng vi 3 v 4, )
3 x 4 x 5 = 1000
4x 5 x 6 = 1000
= > 3 = 6( V cng cng vi 4 v 5 6)
Tng t ta c :
1 = 4 = 7= 10 = 13
)
2 = 5= 8 = 11 = 14 = 50 ( v 5 = 50 )
3 = 6 = 9 = 12 = 15 = 2 ( v 9 = 2)
( V tch 3 lin tip bng 1000 m : 1 x 2 x 3 = 1000
= > 1 = 1000 : ( 2 x 3 )
= 1000 : ( 50 x 2 ) = 10
Vy 1= 4= 7 = 10
Vy bng y l
Dng 2 : tm s hng th vi ca dy s
I , Nhng kin thc cn nh :
Trong dy s cch u vi( k/c 2 s hng lin nhau )l d) n
v ta c :
1, Tm s hng = (SL- SB ) : d+ 1
2 Xc nh s hng th n trong dy s tng dn .
25

S hng th n = s u + (s hng 1 ) x d.
3 Xc nh s hng th n trong dy s gim dn .
S hng th n = s u (s hng 1 ) x d.
II , Bi tp :
Bi 1 Cho dy sau 11 ; 14 ; 17; 68 .
a , Xc nh dy trn c bao nhiu s hng .
b, cc s hng 27 , 91 c nm trong dy s trn k ? v sao ?
c, Nu tip tuc keo di cc s hng th s hng th 2003 l s
my ?
Hng dn gii :
a , NX :
14 -11 = 3
17 4 = 3
y l dy s t nhin cch u 3 v ( Hiu 2 s lin
nhau bng 3 )
S s hng l :
(68 11 ) :3 +1 = 20 ( s hng )
b , NX : ta c 11 : 3 = 3 ( d 3 )
17 :3 = 5 d 2
QL : Mi s hng ca dy s u chia cho 3 duw2. M 27 : 3 = 9
Vy 27 khng nm trong dy s trn .
- dy s bt u bng s 11 kt thc l 68 .
- vy s 91 khng nm trong dy s .
- c , Nu tip tc ko di cc s hng trong dy s th s
hng th 2003 l :
o 11 + ( 2003 10 x 3 ) = 6017
S : 6017
Bi 2 Cho dy sau 1, 2 , 3, 4 , 19985, 1999.
a , Xc nh dy trn c bao nhiu s hng .
b, Dy s trn c bao nhiu s trn bao nhiu s l ?
c, Dy s trn c bao nhiu ch s ?
Hng dn gii :
a , y l dy s t nhin lin tip bt u t 1 v kt
thc l1999. v gia hai s hn km nhau 1 v .
Vy t 1 -.1999. C 1999. s hng
- `
S :
- b , C2 : Chia dy s trn yhanhf hai dy v
- Dy s gm cc s l : 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 ,.1997 ; 1999.
- Hai s l lin tip hn km nhau 2 v .
- Vy dy s t 1 -.>1999. C s l l
( 1999 1 ) : 2 + 1 = 1000 s l
26

- Dy s gm cc s hng l s chn : 2, 4 , 6 ,.1996 ;

1998.
- Hai s chn lin tip hn km nhau 2 v .
- Vy dy s t 2-.>1998. C s chn l
( 1998 2 ) : 2 + 1 = 999 s chn
o S :
T 1 - > 9 c :
( 9 1 ) : 1 + 1 = 9 ( s c 1 ch s )
T 10 - > 90 c :
( 9 0 10 ) : 1 + 1 = 9 0 ( s c 2 ch s )
T 100 - > 99 9c :
( 999 100 ) : 1 + 1 = 9 00 ( s c 3 ch s )
T 1000 - >1 999 c :
( 1999 1000 ) : 1 + 1 = 1000 ( s c 4 ch
s )
Vy t 1 - > 1999 c vit l
9 x 1 +90 x 2 +900 x 3 +1000 X 4 = 6889
( ch s )
S :
Bi 3 : Cho dy s 3146 , 3145 , 3144 , 327.
a , Dy s trn c bao nhiu s trn bao nhiu s l ? Bao nhiu
s c tn cng l 5 ?
b Tm s hng th 100 ca dy s .
c , S 101 c thuc dy s trn khng ? V sao ?
d , Dy s trn c vit bi bao nhiu ch s ?
Hng dn gii :
a , Ta chia dy s trn thnh hai dy .
- Dy s gm cc s hng l s chn : 3146 , 3144 , ,
328 .
- Hai s chn lin tip hn km nhau 2 v .
- Vy dy s t 3146 -> 328. C s chn l
( 146 328 ) : 2 + 1 = 1410 ( s chn )
o S :
Dy s trn bt u bng s chn 3146 v kt thc l
s l ( 327 ) nn s lng s chn bng s lng s l v bng 1410 s
l .
S : 1410 ( s l )
- T dy s trn ta tch thhanhf dy s cc s hng c tn cng
l 5 : 3145 , 3135 , , 335.
- Hai s c tn cng l 5 hn km nhau 10v .
27

- Vy t 3145 -> 335 c cc s hng c tn cng l 5 l.

( 3145 335 ) : 10 + 1 = 282 ( s c tn cng l 5
)
S : 282 ( s c tn cng l 5 )
b , Dy s cho l dy s t nhin lin tip gim dn t
s hng 3146 -> 328 ( Hai s lin tip hn km nhau 1v
).
o S hng th 1000 s l s hng
3146 ( 1000 -1 ) x 1 = 21476
S :
C , Dy s cho l dy s t nhin lin tip gim dn t
s hng 3146 -> 328 ( Hai s lin tip hn km nhau 1v
).
V 301 k nm trong khong . Vy s 301
khng thuc dy s trn.
T 3146 -> 100 0 c ( 3146 1000 ) : 1 + 1 = 2147
( s c 4 ch s )
T 999 - > 327 c :
( 9 99 327 ) : 1 + 1 = 673 ( s c 3 ch s )
T 3146 > 327 c vit bi :
2147 x 4 + 673 x 3 = 10607 ( s c 3 ch
s )
S : 10607 ch s .
Bi 4 : Cho dy s 1 , 2 , 3 , , 1991 , 1992 ..
a , Dy s trn c bao nhiu ch s ?
b Tm chi s 1000 ca dy s .
Hng dn gii :
T 1 - > 9 c :9 s c 1 ch s.
Vy t 10 - > 99 c :
( 9 9 9 ) = 90 ( s c 2 ch s )
T 10 0- > 99 9c :
999 - ( 9 + 90 ) = 900 ( s c 3 ch s )
1000 - > 1992 c :
( 1992 1000 ) : 1 +1 = 993 ( s c 3 ch s )
Vy dy s c :
1 x 9 + 2 x 90 + 3 x 900 = 2889 ( ch s )
Do cn 3000 2889 = 111( ch s ca s c 4ch
s )
V 111 :4 = 27 d 3 . Nn c 27 s c 4 ch s vit
( cn d 3 ch s na )
27 s c 4 ch s l 1000, 1001 , ,1026.
28

Vy vi 3000 ch s ta vit n s 1026 v 3 ch s na ca

s tip theo l s 1027 .
Vy vi 3000 ch s ta vit n ch s ? ca s 1027 .
Bi 5: Cho dy s 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , , 1992 ..
a , Dy s trn c bao nhiu ch s ?
b Tm ch s th 2000 ca dy s .
Hs t lm :
Bi 6 : ngi ta vit lin nhau dy cc dy s TN lin tip nh
sau :1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ,6, 7, 8, 9,10 ,11, 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , ,
1991 , 1992 ..
Hi ch s vit hng th 333 , hng th 3789 l ch s
no
Hng dn gii :
Vit t 1 - > 99 gm 9 x 1 + 90 x2 = 189 ( ch s)
V 3789 > 2889 nn ch s vit hng th 3789 l 1 hng
trong cc ch s ca s c 4 ch s .
Ta c 333 189 = 144 c/ s c 3 c/ s
V 144 : 3 = 48
Nn 144 c / s ta vit c 48 s c 3 ch s .
100 + ( 48 - 1) x 1 = 147
Vy ch s hng 333 l ch s 7 ( hng v ) ca s 147
Vit t 1 - > 999 gm c :
9 x 1 + 90 x 2 +900 x 3 = 2889 ( ch s ).
V 333 > 189 nn ch s vit hng th 333 l 1 hng
trong cc ch s ca s c 3 ch s .
Ta c 3789 - 2889 = 900 c/ s
V 900 : 4 = 225
Nn 900 c/ s ta vit c 225 c/ s c 4 ch s . S c 4
ch s u tin l 1000.
S c 4 ch s th 225 l
100 0 + ( 225 - 1) x 1 = 1224
Vy ch s hng 3789 l ch s 4 ( hng v ) ca s
1224 .
Bi 7 : a , nh s trang ca 1 quyn sch dy 150 trang
ngi ta vit bao nhiu ch s .
b , Trong 1 k thi nh th t danh sch ca 1260 th
sinh ta phi dng ht bao nhiu ch s ?
tun 5 : dng 3 : tnh tng ca cc dy s cch u nhau
I , Nhng kin thc cn nh .
Cc bc gii : Trong dy s cch u vi khong cch l d .
B1 Tm cc s hng = ( S ln - s b ) : d x 1
29

B2 Tng day s = ( S u +s cui ) x STN : 2

II , Bi tp
Bi 1 : a , Tnh tng ca 100 s l u tin ?
Gii
S l u tin l 1
Hai s l lin tip hn km nhau 2 v . Vy s l th 100 l :
1+ ( 100 - 1 ) x 2 = 119.
Ta c dy s gm 100 s l u tin l :
1 3 5 7 , , 197 , 199 .
Tng ca 100 s l u tin l :
(1 + 199 ) x 100 : 2 = 10000 .
S : 10000
b , Tnh tng ca tt c cc s chn c hai ch s ?
Gii
S chn c hai ch s b nht l 10 .
S chn c hai ch s ln nht l 98 .
Hai s chn lin tip hn km nhau 2 v . Vy t 10 - > 98 c s
hng l :
( 98 - 10 ) : 2 + 1 = 45 (S chn c hai ch s )
Ta c dy s gm 45 S chn c hai ch s l :
10, 12, 14 , , 96 , 98 .
Tng cc s chn c hai ch s l :
(10 + 98 ) x 45 : 2 = 2430 .
S : 2430
c,
3 + 6 + 9 +.. 51 + 54
6 3 = 3 9 6 =3 54 51 = 3
NX : y l dy s t nhin cch u c khong cch gia hai s
l 3 v . Vy s s hng l :
( 53 3 ) : 3 + 1 = 18 ( s hng )
Tng ca dy s l :
( 3 + 54 ) x 18 : 2 = 513 ( v )
s : 513 v
Bi 2 : a , C bao nhiu s c 3 c/ s m c tn cng l 5 ? Tnh
tng cc s ?
b , Tnh tng ca cc ch s c hai ch s chia ht cho
2 ?
c, Tnh tng ca 100 s chn u tin ?
Gii
a, S nh nht c 3 c/ s m c tn cng l 5 l 105 .
S ln nht c 3 c/ s m c tn cng l 5 l 995
Ta c dy s c 3 c/ s m c tn cng l 5 l :
30

105, 115, 125 , , 995 .

.
Hai s hng c 3 c/ s m c tn cng l 5 lin tip hn km nhau
10 v . \
115 - 10 5 = 10 )
S cc s hang ca dy s l:
(995 - 105 ) : 10 +1 = 90 ( s hng )
Tng ca dy s l :
(105 + 995 ) x 90 : 2 = 4950 0.
S : 49500
b, S nh nht c 2 c/ s chia ht cho 3 l 12 .
S ln nht c 2 c/ s chia ht cho 3 l 99 .
Ta c dy s chia ht cho 3 l :
12, 15, 18 , , 99 .
.Hai s hng lin tip chia ht cho 3 hn km nhau 3 v . \
S cc s hang ca dy s l:
(
99 - 12 ) : 3 + 1 = 30 ( s ).
Tng ca dy s l :
(99 + 12 ) x 3 : 2 = 1665 ).
S : 1665
c,
Hs lm Gv cha .
Bi 3 : a, Cho dy s 2006 , 2003 ..
- Hy xc nh s hng th 120 ca dy s ?
- Tnh tng ca dy s va tm c .
b, Cho dy s 1157 , 1155, 1153 , ..
- Hy xc nh s hng th 100 ca dy s ?
- Tnh tng ca 100 s u tin ca dy
- Cho bit dy s cho c vit bi bao nhiu ch s .
- HD gii :
- a, NX : y l dy s t nhin gim dn cch u nhau 3
v ( 2006 -2003 = 3 ) .
- Vy s hng th 120 ca da s l :
o 2006 - ( 120 1 ) x 3 = 1649 .
- Tng ca 120 s hng trong da s l :
o ( 2006 +1649 ) x 120 : 2 = 219300
S : a, 1649
b ,219300
b Hs lm tng t Gv cha .
Bi 4 . Tnh nhanh tng sau :
a , 1 -2 + 3 4 + 5 6 + + 101 - 102 + 103 .
31

Vit li dy s :
( 103 102 ) + ( 101 100 ) + ( 7 - 6 ) + (5 4) +
(3- 2 ) + 1
NX : Cc dng ca tng l cc s t nhin lin tip t 1 - > 103.
Hai s lin tip hn km nhau 1 v . Vy t 1 - > 103 c
( 103 2 ) : 1 + 1 = 102 (S hng )
C 2 s hng lp thnh 1 php tr c hiu l 1 .
Tng dy s trn :
(10 2 : 2 ) x 1 + 1 = 52
Vy 16 - 18 + 20 22 + + 64 - 66 + 68 = 52 .
b, Tnh nhanh tng sau :
1 -2 + 3 4 + 5 6 + + 101 - 102 + 103 .
HS lm tng t a Gv cha .
c, Tnh nhanh tng sau :
7 + 9 + 11 - 13 + 15 - 17 + + 31 - 33 .
HS lm tng t a Gv cha .
d, Tnh nhanh tng sau :
0 + 10 - 20 + 30 40 + 1010 - 1020 + 1030 .
HS lm tng t a Gv cha .
e, Tnh nhanh tng sau :
10 + 12 14 + 28 - 30 .
HS lm tng t a Gv cha .
b, Tnh nhanh tng sau :
100 + 103 106 + 109 112 + + 217 - 220.
HS lm tng t a Gv cha .
dng 4
dy s ch s
Bi 1 , Bn H vit dy s 223 223 223 bt u l c/s
2 tp
n l 2 ch s 3 ri li lp li nh vy . Hi :
a, Ch s th 31 l ch s no ?
b , Khi vit n s th 100 th ta vit bao nhiu ch
s 2 v bao nhiu c/ s 2 v bao nhiu c/ s 3 .
HD gii :
a , Dy s trn c vit lp li c 1 ch s 2 li n 2 ch
s 3 .ri li n 1 ch s 2 li n 2 ch s 3 .
Bn ch s gm 1 ch s 2 li n 2 ch s 3 to thnh
1 nhm .
Ta c 50 : 4 = 12 nhm ( d 2 c/ s )
32

Vy khi vit n s hng th 50 l ta vit n ch

s th 2 ca nhm th 13 . l ch s 0.
b , Theo a ta c :
100 : 3 = 33 nhm ( d 1 c/ s 2 ca nhm 34 )
Vy khi vit n ch s 100 l ta vit c :
33 x 1 + 1 = 34 ( ch s 2 )
33 x 2 = 66 ( ch s 3 )
Bi 1 , Mt ngi vit lin tip dy s 2008 2008 bt u l
c/s
2 tp n l 2 ch s 3 ri li lp li nh vy . Hi :
a, Ch s th 50 l ch s my ?
b , Khi vit n s th 2009 th ta vit bao nhiu
ch s 2 v bao nhiu c/ s 2 v bao nhiu c/ s 0 , bao nhiu c/ s
8.
HD gii :
a , Dy s trn c vit lp li c 1 ch s 2 li n 2 ch
s 3 .ri li n 1 ch s 2 li n 2 ch s 3 .
Ba ch s gm 1 ch s 2 li n 2 ch s 3 to thnh 1
nhm .
Ta c 2009 : 4 = 502 nhm ( d 1 c/ s 2 ca nhm 503)
Vy khi vit n ch s th 2009 l ta vit n
ch s u tin ca nhm th 11 .
Ch s th 50 l ch s 2.
b , Theo a ta c :
2009 : 4 = 502 nhm ( d 1 c/ s 2 ca nhm 503 )
Vy khi vit n ch s 2009 l ta vit c :
502 x 1 + 1 = 503 ( ch s 2 )
502 x 2 = 1004 ( ch s 0 )
502 x 1 = 502 ( ch s 8)
Bi 3 : Cho 500 vin bi vo hp theo th t bi vng , bi xanh , bi
ri li bi vng , xanh ,
a , C bao nhiu vin bi mi loi ?
b, Vin bi cui cng mu g
3 vin bi c b vo hp c lp li vin bi vng , bi xanh
, bi ri li bi vng , xanh ,
Ba vi n bi hp thnh 1 nhm .
Ta c 500 : 3 = 166 ( nhm ) d 2 vin .
Hai vin bi d l 2 vin bi u tin ca nhm th 167 l vin bi
vng -> bi xanh ,.
Vy khi b bi b 500 vin bi vo hp th s bi vng l :
33

166 x 1 + 1 = 167 vin .

S bi xanh l:
166 x 1 + 1 = 167 vin .
s bi l :
166 x 1 = 166 vin .
Theo th t nh vy th vin th 500 l mu xanh .
Bi 4, Mt ngi vit cc ch ci HA NOI BNG 3 mu xanh ,
tm bt u bng ting HA mu xanh . Hi :
a, Ch ci th 2005 c mu g ?
HD gii :
a , Ta thy c 5 ch ci lp thnh 1 nhm gm 2 ting
HA v Ni c 2005 Ch ci th lp thnh 1 nhm l 2005 : 5 =
401 nhm
Mi nhm gm 2 ting vy 401 nhm c s ting l :
402 x 2 = 804 ( ting HA v NI )
V c 3 ting lin tip thnh 1 nhm mu xanh , tm
Ta c :
802 : 3 = 267 d 1.
Do c 267 nhm mu v d 1 ting u tin ca nhm 268
Vy ch ci th 2005 c mu mu xanh ch H.
Bi 5, Mt ngi vit lin tip nhm ch
T quc vit nam thnh dy
T quc vit nam T quc vit nam
. Hi :
a, Ch ci th 1996 trong dy l ch g?
b, Nu ngi ta m c trong dy c 50 ch T th c
bao nhiu ch 0 bao nhiu ch I ?
c , Bn An m c trong dy c 1995 ch o . hi bn y dm
ng hay sai ? Ti sao ?
d, Ngi ta t mu cc ch ci trong dy theo th t xanh tm
vng xanh ,, Hi ch ci th 1995 trong dy c t mu g ?
HD gii :
a , Nhm ch T quc vit nam c 13 ch ci c 1996
Ch ci c chia thnh : 1996 : 13 = 153 nhm d 7 ch ci
Nh vy k t ch ci u tin - > ch ci th : 1996
trong dy ngi y vit 153 nhm ch T quc vit nam . Vy
ch ci th 1996 l ch V.
Mi nhm T quc vit nam C 2 ch T v cng c 2 ch O c 1
ch I . V vy nu m c trong dy c 50 ch T th tc l ngi vit 25 ln nhm ch cho nn dy c 50 ch O V
25 ch I
34

Bn m sai v ch s O trong dy phi l s chn .

D , Ta nhn xt :
1995 CHIA CHO 4 D 3 .
Nhng c/ ci trong dy c s th t l s chia cho 4 d 3 th c t
mu tm .
Vy ch ci th 1995 trong dy c t mu tm .
Bi 6, Mt ngi vit lin tip nhm ch
Chm hc chm lm
a, Ch ci th 1000 trong dy l ch g?
b, Nu ngi ta m c trong dy c 1200 ch H .Th
bn y dm c bao nhiu ch A ?
B Bn An m c trong dy c 1996 ch C . hi bn y dm ng
hay sai ? Ti sao ?
B
HS gii GV cha .
tun 6 : Cc bi ton v trung bnh cng
I , Nhng kin thc cn nh .
1. Cng thc cn tm TBC ca n s .
S TBC = tng ca n s : n s
tng ca n s = S TBC x n s
2 Trong mt dy s cch u :
a, Nu s cc s hng l mt s l th TBC ca dy ny ng
bng s v tr chnh gia ca dy s .
b, Nu s cc s hng l mt s chn th TBC ca dy ny
ng bng na tng ca cc s cch u hai u ca dy s
cho .
c, Mt trong cc s cho bng TBC ca cc s cn li th s cn
li ng bng s TBC ca cc s cho .
II , Bi tp
Dng 1 cc bi ton v trung bnh cng ca s t nhin .
Bi 1 :Tm TBC ca
a , T 1 - > 9 c 9 s t nhin.
V s cc s hng l l nn TBC ca dy ny ng bng s v
tr chnh gia ca dy s . l s hng th 5. Vy TBC ca tt c
cc STN t 1 - > l 5.
C2 :
y l dy STN lin tip t 1 - > 9 c
( 9 -1 ) : 1 + 1 = 9 ( s hng )
Tng ca dy l
( 9 +1 ) x 9 : 2 = 45
S TBC ca STN t 1 - > 9 l :
35

45 : 9 = 5
S : 5.
b , Tt c cc s chn t 2 - > 100 .
C1 y l cc s chn cch u nhau 2 v .
Nn t 2 - 100 c
( 100 - 2 ) : 2 + 1 = 50 ( s hng )
V s cc s hng l mt s chn th TBC ca dy ny ng
bng na tng ca cc s cch u hai u ca dy s cho .
Vy s TBC ca s cc s chn t 2 - > 100 l :
( 2 + 100 ) : 2 = 5 1.
C 2 : y l dy s cc s chn lin tip hn km nhau 2v
T 2 - > 100 c
( 100 - 2 ) : 2 + 1 = 50 ( s hng )
Tng ca cc cc s chn t 2 - > 100 l
( 2+1 00 ) x 50 : 2 = 2550
S TBC ca cc s chn trong dy l :
2550 : 50 = 5 1
S : 51.
c ,TBC cc STN t 1 - > 99
Hs lm tng t a .
d , 3 ; 7 ; 11; ; 103.
Nx :
73=4
11 4 = 4
y l s t nhin cch u nhau 4 v .
Nn t 3 - >103 c
( 103 - 3 ) : 4 + 1 = 26 ( s hng )
Tng ca chng l
( 3 +1 03 ) x 26 : 2 = 1378
S TBC ca dy s l l :
1378 : 26 = 5 3
S : 53 .
e , TBC cc s trn chc c 3 ch s .
S trn chc c 3 c/ s u tin l 110 .
S trn chc c 3 c/ s cui cng l 990 .
y l dy s trn chc c 3 c/ s cch u nhau 10 v .
T 110 - >990 c
( 990 - 110 ) : 10 + 1 = 89 ( s hng )
Tng ca chng l
( 110 +990 ) x 89 : 2 = 48950
36

S TBC ca cc s trong dy s l l :
48950 : 89 = 5 50
S : 550 .
Bi 2 a, Tm 5 s l lin tip bit TBC ca chung bng 55 .
B , Tm 11 STN lin tip bit TBC ca n l s ln nht c 5 ch
s.
C , Tm 8 s l lin tip bit TBC ca chung bng 26 .
HD gii :
a , C1 :
V s ca cc s hng l mt s l th TBC ca dy ny ng
bng bng s v tr chnh gia ca dy s ( v tr th 3 ). l
s hng th 35.
Vy 5 s l lin tip l ;
C 2 : Tng ca 5 s l lin tip l
35 x 5 = 175
Hai s l lin tip hn km nhau 2 v . Gi s l th nht l a +
1 Ta c :
( a + 1 ) + ( a + 3 ) + ( a + 5 )+( a + 7 )+ ( a + 9 ) =175
( a + a + a + a + a ) +(1 + 3 +5 + 7 + 9 ) = 175
ax5
+
25
= 175
ax5
+
25
= 175
ax5
= 175 25
ax5
= 150
a
= 150 : 5
a = 30
=> a + 1 = 30 + 1 + 31
Vy s l u tin l 31
Ta tm c 5 s l l 31 ; 33 ; 35 ; 37 ; 39 .
S ln nht c 5 ch s 99999 .
Vy TBC ca 11STN lin tip l 99999.
V s ca cc s hng l mt s l th TBC ca dy ny ng
bng bng s v tr chnh gia ca dy s ( v tr th 6). l
s hng th 99 999.
Vy 11STN lin tip c TBC bng 99999 l : 99994 ;
99995 .
c, HS t lm
Bi 3 a, TBC ca 3 s l 97 . Tm 1 trong 3 s bit n l TBC
ca 2 s cn li . .
b, TBC ca 3 s l 15 . Tm s th 3 bit s ny chnh bng
TBC ca 2 s kia . .
37

c, TBC ca 5 s l 96 . Tm s th 5 bit s ny chnh bng

TBC ca 4s kia . .
d, TBC s v ca 3 bn Mai , Lan , o l 25 quyn . Tm s v
ca o bit o c s v chnh bng TBC ca 2 bn kia . .
e , 3 s c TBC l 52 bit s th 3 ng bng TBC ca s th
1 v s th 2 , s th 1 gp ln 3 ln th c s th 2. Tm 3 s
..
HD gii :
a , C1 :
Tng ca 3 s l
15 x 3 = 45
V s th 3 bng ( ST1 + ST2 ) : 2
= > ST3 x 2 = ST1 + ST2
= > ST3 x 3 = ST1 + ST2 + ST3
Tc l tng ca 3 s gp 3 ln ST3 .
Vy ST 3 l :
45 : 3 = 15
s : 15 .
? Em c nhn xt g v ST3 vi TBC ca cc s cn li ta lm ntn ?
KL : Mt trong cc s cho li bng TBC ca cc s cn li th s
chnh bng TBC ca tt c cc s cho .
C2 : Mt trong cc s cho li bng TBC ca cc s cn li th
s chnh bng TBC ca tt c cc s cho . Vy STT l 15 .
Cc cn li hs lp lun tng t .
Bi 4 a, TBC ca 3 s l 37 . Tm 3 s bit rng trong 3 s
c 1 s c 3 c/ s , 1 s c 2 ch s , 1 s c 1 ch s ,
b, Tm s c 2 ch s . Bit TBC 2 s l 6 v ch s ny gp
2 ln c/ s kia. . .
c, Tm s c 2 ch s . Bit TBC 2 c / s l 5 v ch s ny
hn c / s kia l 8 v .
HD gii :
a,:
Tng ca 3 s l
37 x 3 = 11
Trong 3 s . Mt s c 3 c/ s, 1 s c 2 ch s , 1 s c 1 ch
s nn ,
111 = 100 + 10 + 1
111 = 101 + 10 + 0
111 = 100 + 11 + 0
Ta c s phi tm c s TBC l 37 l :
100 ; 10 v 1
38

101 ; 10 v 0
100 ; 11 v 0
Tng ca 2 ch s l :
6 x 2 = 12
V c/ s ny gp i ch s kia nn ta c s
.
c/ s ny
s kia nn
ch s kia l:
12: ( 1 + 2 ) = 4
ch s ny l:
3 x2 =8
Vy s c hai ch s phi tm l 48 hay 84 .
C , Hs lm tng t b
Bi 2 a, Tm 7 s l lin tip bit TBC ca chung bng s l ln
nht c 2 c/ s .
B , Tm 8 s chn lin tip bit TBC ca chng = 47.
C , Tm 10 s l lin tip bit TBC ca chng bng 74 .
HD gii :
a , S l ln nht c 2 c/ s l 99.
TBC 7 s cn tm cn tm l 99 . 7 s l lin tip l cc s cch
u nhau nn TBC ca chng bng TBC ca chng l s v
tr chnh gia ca dy ). l s th 4.
Vy s th 4 trong cc s cn tm cn tm l 99.
7 s l lin tip l 93 , 95 , 97 , 99 , 101 , 103 ,105 .
B, Dy s c 8 s lin tip l cc s cch u nhau nn TBC ca
chng bng TBC 2 s cch u 2 u dy s.
Ta chn 2 s chn lin nhau chnh gia dy s l s hng th 4
v 5 . Hai s ny c TBC l 47 .
Vy tng 2 s l :
17 x 2 = 94
S th 4
S th 5
S hng th 4 l :
( 94 2 ) : 2 = 46 .
S hng th 5 l :
46 + 2 = 48.
Vy 8 s chn lin tip l :
40 ; 42 ; 44 ; 46 ;48 ; 50 ; 52 ;54 .
Y c , HS lm tng t b.
39

Bi 7 : Khi nh s trang 1 quyn sch . Ngi ta thy TB mi trang

phi dng 2 ch s . Hi quyn sch c bao nhiu trang ?
Gii
T trang 1 - > trang 9 mi trang c nh bi 1 ch s .
T trang 10 - > trang 99 mi trang c nh bi 2 ch s .
TB mi trong c dng 2 c/ s nh s trang th s trang c nh bi 3 c/ s = s trang c nh bi 1 c/ s .Vy c 9 trang
c nh bi 3 ch s .
Quyn sch c tt c :
99 + 9 = 108 (trang )
s : 108 (trang )

40

NS :12/10/2010
tun 7 :

ND : T ngy 18-22/10/2010
Cc bi ton trung bnh cng

-Bi 1 a, Mt nh mays ngy th nht sn xut c 231 sp . Ngy

th hai sn xut c 21 sp
V hn ngy th 313 sp . Hi Tb mi ngy nh ma sn xut c bao nhiu sp ?
b , Theo k hoch 4 tun cui nm mt cng nhn phi
dt TB mi tun 168 m vi . Tun du cng nhn dt c 150
m vi . tun th 2 i dt hn tun 1 : 40 m vi . Tun t3 dt km
t2 15 m vi . Hi mun hon thnh k hoch th t4 phi dt bao
nhiu m vi ?
c , Mt thng c 20 ln kim tra . Sau 10 ln kim tra bn An thy
im TB ca mnh l 7 . Hi cn1 0 ln kim tra na bn An phi
t bao nhiu im im TB ca mnh l 8 .
. HD gii :
HS c bi nu yu cu .
Phn tch yu cu . Gii GV cha bi .
-Bi 2 : a , Tui TB ca 1 cu th mt i bng l 22 tui
.Nu khng k th mn tui TB ca 10 cu cn li l 22 tui . Hi
th mn bao nhiu tui.

41

B, TB tui ca ng , tui ca b , , tui ca chu l 36 tui . .

TB tui ca tui ca b , , tui ca chu l 23 tui. Tui ca
ng hn tui ca chu l 54 tui . Hi tuimi ngi .
C ,C 4 thng du Tb mi thng cha 17 l . Nu thng o k thng
du th nht th Tb mi thng cn li cha 15 l . Hi thng th
nht cha bao nhiu lt du ?
.
HD gii :
a,
Tng s tui ca c i bng l :
22 x 11 = 242 ( tui )
Tng s tui ca 10 cu th cn li l :
21 x 10 = 210 ( tui )
Tui ca th mn l :
242 210 = 32 ( tui )
s : 32 ( tui )
Cc b, c lm tng t .
-Bi 3 : a, Mt i cng nhn tham gia trng cy gm 3 t . T
1 c 7 ngi ., mi ngi trng c 12 cy. T 1 c 8 ngi ., mi ngi
trng c 90 cy. T 3 c 10ngi ., mi ngi trng c 76 cy.
Hi TB mi cng nhn trng cy c bao nhiu cy ?
B , Mt t chy t tnh A - > tnh B ht 5h. Trong hai
gi u t chy c 46 km . Gi t3 t chy c 52 km . Hai gi
sau mi gi t chy c 43 km . Hi qung ng t A - > B v
mi gi t chy c bao nhiu km ?
HD gii :
a,
S cy t 1 trng c l :
12 x 7 = 84 ( cy )
Tng s cy c t trng c l :
84+ 90 + 76 = 250 ( cy )
Tng s ngi c i l :
7 + 8 + 10 = 25 ( ngi )
Tb mi cng nhn trng c l :
250 : 25 = 10 ( cy )
s : 10 ( cy )
Y b, lm tng t .
-Bi 4 a , Con heo v con ch nng 102 kg . Con heo v con b
nng 231 kg . , Con ch v con b nng 177 kg . Hi TB mi con
nng ? kg .
b , Mt con g v mt con vt nng 5 kg . Con g v con
ngng nng 9 kg . , Con ngng v con vt nng 10 kg . Hi TB
mi con nng ? kg .
42

HD gii :
aheo + ch = 102 kg
heo + b = 231 kg
ch + b = 177 kg
Ta c ( heo + ch + b ) = 102 + 131 + 177 .
( Heo + ch + b ) x 2 = 510 kg
Tng khi lng ca : heo , ch , b l
510 : 2 = 225 kg
Trung bnh mi con nng l :
225 : 3 = 85 kg
S : 85 kg
Ch : Mt s bng TBC ca t c cc s cho th s chnh
bng TBC ca cc s cn li .
Nu bi ton cho bit 1 s hn TBC ca tt c cc s th :
TBC = ( tng cc s bit + s hn TBC ) : S cc s
bit .
Nu bi ton cho bit 1 s km mc TBC ca tt c cc s th :
TBC = ( tng cc s bit - s km TBC ) : S cc s
bit .
-Bi 5 a, Mt ca hng lng thc bn go trong 3 ngy . Ngy th
nht bn c 86 kg . Ngy th hai bn hn ngy th nht 36 kg
go . Ngy th ba bn =TBC ca c 3 ngy . Hi c 3 ngy bn bao
nhiu kg .
b , C 4 bn chi bi An c 18 vin bi , Bnh c 16 vin bi ,
hng c s vin bi bng TBC ca An v Bnh . Dng c s vin bi
bng TBC ca 4 bn . Hi Dng c bao nhiu vin bi .
c, Mt ln ti , Hung, Dng i cu . Dng cu c 15 con
c . Hung cu c 11 con c . ti , cu c s c ng bng TBC
s c ca 3 chng ti . Hi ti cu c bao nhiu con c ?.
bao nhiu kg .
d,
An c 18 vin bi , Bnh c 16 vin bi , hng c s vin bi
bng TBC ca An v Bnh cng thm 6 vin bi . . Dng c s vin
bi bng TBC ca 4 bn . Hi Dng c bao nhiu vin bi .
*HD gii :
a,
S go ca hng bn ngy th hai l :
86 + 36 = 122 ( kg )
Ngy th ba bn =TBC ca c 3 ngy . Ngha l ngy
th 3 ca hng bn s go bng TBC S go ca hng bn2 ngy
u .
S go ca hng bn ngy th ba l :
(86 + 122 ) : 2 = 104 ( kg )
43

S go ca hng bn c 3ngy l :
104 x 3 = 312 ( kg )
S : 312 ( kg )
b,
S bi ca Hng l :
( 18 + 16 ) : 2 = 17 (vin )
Dng c s vin bi bng TBC ca 4 bn . Ngha l Dng
c s vin bi bng TBC s ,, bi ca AN , BNH , Hng .
S bi ca Dng l :
( 18 + 16 + 17 ) : 3 = 17 (vin )
S : 17 (vin )
c , S c ca ti bng TBC s c ca 3 chng ti nn ti k phi b
cho 2 bn v 2 bn cng k phi b cho ti nn s c ca ti cu c
chnh bng TBC s c ca hai bn Hng v Dng cu
S c ca ti l :
( 11 + 15 ) : 2 = 13 (con c )
S : 13 (con c )
d, TBC s bi ca An v Bnh l :
( 18 + 16 ) : 2 = 17 Vin
S bi ca Hng l :
( 17 + 6 ) = 23 (vin )
Dng c s vin bi bng TBC ca 4 bn . Ngha l Dng
c s vin bi bng TBC s ,, bi ca AN , BNH , Hng .
S bi ca Dng l :
( 18 + 16 + 23 ) : 3 = 19 (vin )
S : 19 (vin )
-Bi 6 a, Cho 3 s 12 , 14 , 15 s th 4 hn TBC ca 4 s l 4 .
Tm s th 4 ?.
b , An c 20 vin bi , Bnh c s bi = 1/2 so vin bi ca An ,
Chi c s vin bi hn TBC ca 3 bn l 6 vin bi . . Hi Chi c bao
nhiu vin bi ?
C , Nhn dp khai ging , Mai mua 10 quyn v , Lan mua 12
quyn v. o mua bng TBC ca 2 bn trn , Cc mua hn TBC
ca 4 bn l 3 quyn v. Hi Cc mua bao nhiu quyn v.?
d, Bn chng ti trng cy vn sinh vt .Bn L trng c 12
cy. .Bn Hu trng c 15 cy.Bn Hng trng c 14 cy.Ti
rt t ho v mnh trng c s cy nhiu hn TBC ca 4
chunhs ti l 4 cy. Hi ti trng c bao nhiu cy.?
TRi chn nui g nh bc Hng thng th nht bn c 6 t g .
thng th hai bn c 7 t g .thng th ba bn c 9 t g .thng
th t bn hn mc TBC ca 4 thng 2 t g . Hi thng th t bn c
bao nhiu t g ?
44

HD gii :
a -HD gii :
A, Tng ca 3 s l :
12 + 14 + 15 = 41
Theo bi ra ta c s
Trung bnh cng ca 4 s l :
( 41 + 4 ) : 3 = 15
S th 4 l :
15 + 4 = 19
S : 19
B , S bi ca Bnh l :
20 : 2 = 10 Vin
Tng
s bi ca An v Bnh l :
20 + 10 = 30 (vin )
Theo bi ra ta c s
TBC s ,, bi ca AN , BNH , Chi l :
( 30 + 6 ) : 2 = 18 (vin )
S bi ca Chi l :
18 + 16 = 24 Vin
S : 24 (vin )
C, Hs c yu cu .
B , S v ca o l :
( 10 + 12 ) : 2 = 42 ( Quyn )
Tng
s v ca o , Mai , Lan l :
12+ 10 + 11 = 33 (( Quyn )
Theo bi ra ta c s
TBC s v ca o , Mai , Lan Cc l
( 33 + 3 ) : 3 = 12 ( Quyn )
S v ca Cc l:
13+ 13 = 15 ( Quyn )
S : 15 (( Quyn )
d,

Tng s cy ca 3 bn L , Hu , Hng
12 + 15 + 14 = 41 ( cy )
45

l :

Theo bi ra ta c s
TBC s cy ca 4 bn L , Hu , Hng , ti l
( 41 + 4 ) : 3 = 15 ( cy )
S cy ca Cc l:
15+ 4 = 19 ( cy )
S : 19 ( cy )
-Bi 7 : a, Vit c 18 vin bi , Nam c 16 vin bi Ha c s vin
bi bng TBC ca vit v Nam .Bnh c s vin bi km mc TBC
ca c 4 bn l 6 vin bi . . Hi Bnh c bao nhiu vin bi ?
b , Bn bn Cn , Kim , Lim , Chnh gp tin mua cu lng
v vt cu lng . Kim gp 9000 . Lim gp bi km mc TBC
ca c 2 bn trc l 4000 . Chnh gp bi km mc TBC ca c
4 bn l 1100 Hi :
a, Mc tb ca 4 bn l bao nhiu ?
,b , Lim , Chnh mi ngi gp c bao nhiu .
c, Bn t cng nhn chuyn hng vo kho . T 1
chuyn c 18 tn . T 2 chuyn c 16 tn . T 3 chuyn c
17 tn . T 4 chuyn km mc TBC ca c 4 t l 6 tn .
Hi c 4 t chuyn c bao nhiu tn hng ?
a , Hs c yu cu .
Bi ton cho bit g ? cn tm g ?
Gv phn tch ?a v dng km mc TBC
Tng
s tin ca Cn , Kim
l :
8000 + 9000 = 17000 ( ng )
Theo bi ra ta c s
TB s tin ca 3 bn l
( 17000 - 400 ) : 2 = 8300 ( ng )
S tin ca Lim gp l:
8300 + 400 = 8700 ( ng )
Tng
s tin ca Cn , Kim , Lim l :
17000 + 8700 = 25700 ( ng )
ta c s
Tng s/ tin 4 bn
TB C s tin ca 4 bn l
( 25700 - 1100 ) : 3 = 8200 ( ng )
46

S tin ca Chnh l:
8200 - 1100 = 7100( ng )
S : 7100 ( ng )
C, c HS k s lm tng t a .
-Bi 8
a , Bn t tham gia trng cy.t 1 trng c 112 cy. .T 2
trng c 115 cy.T 3 trng c 114 cy.T 4 trng c s
cy nhiu hn TBC ca 4 t l 16 cy. Hi t 4 trng c bao
nhiu cy.?
b , Mt i xe ti c 5 xe . Hai xe u mi xe tr 3 tn go . Hai xe
sau mi xe tr 4,5 tn go .
Cn xe th nm tr nhiu hn TBC ca ton i l 1 tn .
Hi xe th nm tr bao nhiu tn .
i 4 tn ri = 45 t .
b , MAI , Lan , o gp tin mua sch . Mai gp 15000 . Lan
gp tin hn mc TBC ca c Lan v Mai l 2000 . o gp
tin km mc TBC ca c Lan v Mai o l 4000 Hi c 3
ngi gp c bao nhiu .
HDG :
Theo bi ra ta c s
TBC s tin ca 2 bn Lan v o l
15000 + 2000 = 17000 ( ng )
S tin ca Lan gp l:
17000 + 2000 = 19000 ( ng )
Tng
s tin ca Mai , Lan l :
19000 + 15000 = 34000 ( ng )
ta c s
Tng s/ tin 3 bn
TB C s tin ca 3 bn l
( 34000 - 4000 ) : 2 = 15000 ( ng )
Tng s/ tin 3 bn gp l :
15000 x 3 = 45000 ( ng )
S : 45000 ( ng )
-Bi 9 :
a, Mt i sn xut gm 6 cng nhn v 1 i trng . Mi cng
nhn c thng 200.000 .
47

Cn ngi i trng c thng hn mc TBC ca c i l 9000

. . Hi ngi i trng c thng bao nhiu tin ?
. b , Mt t tham gia trng cy.gm 10 ngi . .Trong n 8 v
nam 2 .Mi bn n trng c 3 cy . Mi bn nam trng s cy
nhiu hn TBC ca 4 t l 4 cy. Hi c t trng c bao
nhiu cy.?
c, Mt cng ty lng thc c 4 kho d tr thc . Kho th nht cha
195 tn . Kho th hai cha 205 . Kho th ba cha hn mc TBC
ca c 3 kho ( K1, k2 , k3 ) l 14 tn . Kho th t cha km mc
TBC ca c 4 kho l 9 tn .Tnh s thc kho 4 v kho 3?
HDG :
TB C s tin ca 6 cng nhn l
200000 x 6 = 1200.000 ( ng )
Ta c s
TBC s tin ca 7 ngi l
(1200.000 + 90.000) : 6 = 215000 ( ng )
S tin ca ngi i trng thu l:
21500. + 90.000 = 305000 ( ng )
S : 305000 ( ng )
b , Tng s cy ca 8 cng nhn n trng
l :
3 x 8 = 24 ( cy )
Mi cng nhn nam trng hn TBC ton i
l 4
cy .Vy cng nhn nam trng hn mc trung bnh cng ca
ton i l 4 x2 = 8 ( cy )
TBC 1 cng nhn ca i trng l :
( 24 + 8 ) : 8 = 4 ( cy )
C i trng l
4 X 10 = 40 ( cy )
S : 40 ( cy )

48

tun 8 : Cc bi ton v php cng

I , Cc kin thc cn nh
* cc tnh cht ca php cng >
a , Tnh cht giao hon :
b, Tnh cht kt hp :
a + (b +c ) = (a + b ) + c
c, Tnh cht cng 1 s vi s 0 :
a+0= 0+a =a
d, Tng ca 2 s khng thay i khi ta thm vo s
hng ny bao nhiu n v v bt s hng kia by nhiu n v .
d, Trong 1 tng nu ta thm hay bt 1 s hng i bao
nhiu n v v gi nguyn s hng kia th tng s tng hoc
gim by nhiu n v .
d, Tng ca 2 s c 1 ch s nu bng 1 s c 2 ch s
th c/ s hng chc bng 1 ( Tng t vi cc trng hp 2 ,3 , 4 ch
s )
Nu a + b = cd th c = 1 ( V a , b < 10 nn a + b < 20
).
d, Tng ca 2 s chn l 1 s chn
d, Tng ca cc s chn l s chn
d, Tng ca 2 s l l s chn
l, Cc s hng m l m s hng l chn th tng l
s chn .
Vd : 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 = 36 Trong :
Cc s hng l cc s l .
Cc s hng l cc s chn ( 6 s )
= > Tng l s chn .
m , Tng ca 1 s chn vi 1 s l l 1 s l
Vd : 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 25 Trong :
S cc s hng l cc s l ( 5 s ).
Cc s hng l cc s l
= > Tng l s l.
II , Bi tp p dng .
Bi 1 : a, Khi cng 1 STN c 4 ch s vi 1 STN c 2 c/ s do s
xut , 1 hs t php tnh nh sau :

49

abcd
+
ef

= > Kt qu ca php tnh thay i ntn ?

Khi dt php tnh nh trn th s hng th 2 gp ln

100 ln .
Ta c : Tng sai = S hng th nht + S hng th 2 x
100.
Tng ng = S hng th nht + S hng th 2
Nn tng sai = S hng th nht + S hng th 2 +
S hng th 2 x 99
Tng sai = Tng ng + S hng th 2 x 99.
Vy tng sai tng thm 99 ln s hng th 2 .
b , Khi cng 1 STN c 5 ch s vi 25 , 1 hs do s xut t
php tnh nh sau :
abcde
+
25

= > Em hy s snh tng ng v tng sai ca

php tnh ?
HGD :
Khi dt php tnh nh trn th s hng th 2 gp ln
10 ln .
Ta c : Tng sai = S hng th nht + 25 x 10.
Tng ng = S hng th nht + 2 5
Nn tng sai = (Tng ng + 2 5) + 25 x 9.
Nn tng sai hn t ng ng l 25 x 9 = 225
Vy tng sai hn tng ng 225 v .
Bi 2 a, Tm 2 s c tng bng 783 . Bit rng tng s th 2 ln
gp 2 ln v gi nguyn s hng th nht th c tng mi l
1239.
HDG :
Nu ta gi nguyn s hng th nht v tng s th 2 ln gp 2 ln
th tng mi hn vi tng c chnh bng 1 ln s th 2 .
Vy s hng th 2 l :
1239 783 = 456
Vy s hng th 1 l :
783 456 = 327
s : 456 v 327
a, Tm 2 s c tng bng 952 . , neu vit thm c/ s 8 vo bn
tri s b ta c s ln .
50

HDG :
V tng ca 2 s phi tm l s c 3 ch s ( 952 ) nn s b l
s c 2 ch s . Khi vit c/ soos8 vo bn tri s b ta c s ln l
s c 3 ch s . Vy s ln hn s b l 800 v .
Vy s ln l :
(952 + 800 ) : 2 = 876
Vy s b l :
876 800 = 76
s : 876 v 76.
C, Mt bn thc hin php cng , do s xut 1 s hng hs vit
nhm ch s s hng th 2 hng v thnh ch s 9 , hng
chc ch s 4 vit thnh ch s 7 . Nn tng mi l 750. Tm
tng c
HDG :
V hng v vit nhm ch s s hng th 2 hng
v thnh ch s 9 , hng chc ch s 4 vit thnh ch s 7 .
Nn tng thm :
7 4 = 3 chc - > Tng c tng thm 30 + 7 = 37 .
Vy tng c l :
750 37 = 713
S : 713
d , Tm 2 s ? Bit s th 2 gp i s th nht . S th 2 l s
c 3 ch s . Khi xa i c/ s hng trm ca s th 2 l 4 ln th
tng mi l 335.
HS c u bi nu y/ cu .
Bi ton cho bit g cn tm g ?
HDG :
V s th 2 c 3 ch s nn khi xa c/ s 4 hng trm th s
th 2 gim i 400 v .
Tng c l :
335 + 400 = 735
V st2 gp i st1 nn ta c st2 l 2 phn = nhau th st1 l 1
phn nh th .
Tng s phn bng nhau l :
1 + 2 = 3 phn
S th nht l 735 : 3 = 245
S th hai l 245 x 2 = 490
S : 245 v 490
Bi 3 a, Tng ca 2 s l 69 . Nu gp s t1 ln 3 ln v gi
nguyn s t2 th c tng mi l 87 . Tm 2 s ? HS c u
bi nu y/ cu .
51

Bi ton cho bit g cn tm g ?

HDG :
Theo bi ra ta c s
Nhn vo s ta thy 2 ln s t nhin l :
87 69 = 18
S th nht l : 18 : 2 =9
S th 2 l :
69 9 = 60
s : st1 : 9 ; st2 : 60
b, Tng ca 2 s l 37 . Nu gp s t1 ln 5 ln v 5 ln s t2 th
c 2 s c tng l 87 . Tm 2 s ? HS c u bi nu y/
cu .
Bi ton cho bit g cn tm g ?
HDG :
Gi s st1 v st2 u gp ln 3 ln th tng s l :
37 x 3 = 111
Theo bi ra ta c s
Nhn vo s ta thy 2 ln s t1 l :
159 111 = 48
S th 2 l : 48 : 2 = 24
S th nht l :
37 24 = 13
s : st1 : 13 ; st2 : 24,
C ,Tng ca 2 s l 1073 . Nu tng s t1 ln 5 ln v 8ln s t2
th c 2 s c tng l 7948 . Tm 2 s ?
HS c u bi nu y/ cu .
Bi ton cho bit g cn tm g ?
Hs gii tng t b :
Bi 4 a, Nam tnh tng tt c cc s l c 2 ch s = 2530 . K tnh
trc tip . Hy cho bit Nam tnh ng hay sai ? v sao ?
HS c u bi nu y/ cu .
Bi ton cho bit g cn tm g ?
HDG :
S l nh nht c 2 c/ s l 11 .
52

S l ln nht c 2 c/ s l 99 .
Hai s l lin tip hn km nhau 2 v .
Vy t 11 - > 99 c cc s hng l :
( 99 11) : 2 + 1 = 45 ( s hng )
V cc s hng u l m sm cc s hng cng l ( 45 s ) nn
tng phi l s l , m 2530 l s chn . nn Nam tnh sai .
b , C th dng cc ch s 1 , 3, 5, 7, 9 to nn 5 c/ s m tng
ca chng bng 100 c khng ?
HDG :
Cc s lp c t 5 ch s l 1 , 3, 5, 7, 9 u l s l .
S ca cc s hng u l s l . nn tng ca chng lun lun l
s l .
M 1000 l s chn . Vy khng th lp c 5 s t 5 c/ s 1 , 3,
5, 7, 9 tng = 100 c .
C , H mua 2 quyn truyn ging nhau tng bn 1 quyn cn 1
c . Gi mi quyn l 1 s l nghn . h a tr ngi bn hng
20000 . . c bn hng tr la 3000 hi c bn hng tnh
ng hay sai ? v sao ?
HDG :
V gi mi quyn truyn l 1 s l nghn . M c bn hng tr li
h 3000 . cn 17000 l gi tin 2 quyn truyn . Nn c bn
hng tnh sai. V 2 quyn truyn gi l 1 s chn ..
D , Tm tng 2 s bit hiu 2 s bng na s b .S ln hn s
b l 142 .
HDG :
V hiu bng na s b . Nn s b l :
142 x 2 = 248 .
. Nn s ln l :
248 + 142 = 426 .
Tng 2 s l : 248 + 426 = 710
S :710
E, Tng s hng t1 , s hng t2 v tng l 276 . hai s hng l
2 s chn lin tip ? tm 2 s ?
HS c u bi nu y/ cu .
Bi ton cho bit g cn tm g ?
HDG :
Ta c : S hng th 1 + SHT2+ tng = 276
M SHT1 + SHT2 = tng
= > Tng 2 s l : 276 : 2 = 138.
V 2 s chn lin tip hn km nhau 2 v nn hiu 2 s l 2
53

S chn b l :
(138 2 ) : 2 = 68
S chn ln l :
68 + 2 = 70
TL : 86 + 70 = 138
S : S chn b l :68
S chn ln l :70
BT a , Tm tng 2 s . Bit hiu ca 2 s l 37 v hiu ca 2
s bng na s b ?
b , Tm 3 s t nhin , bit tng ca stn 1 vi stn2 l 32 .
tng ca stn 2 vi stn3 l 39 . Tng ca stn 3 vi stn1 l
37
c , Tm
tng ca cc s c 3 ch s khc nhau vit
bi cc ch soos1, 2, 5 , 8 ,9 .
HDG
C, S c 3 c/s hng ln nht l hng trn .
C 5 cch chn c/s hng trm ( khc 0 )
Vi mi cch chn c/ s hng trm c 4 cch chn c/ s hng chc
(tr c/s hng trm )
Vi mi nhm hng trm, hng chc c 3 cch chn c/ s hng v.
Vy tng c :
3 x 4 x 3 = 60 ( s hng )
Vi mi c/ s cc hng xut hin :
4 x 3 = 12 ( ln )
Vy tng cc s l :
( 1+ 2 + 5 + 8 + 9 ) x 100 x12 + ( 1+ 2 + 5 + 8 + 9 ) x10 x12 +
( 1+ 2 + 5 + 8 + 9 ) x12
= 25 x 100 x 12 + 25 x 10 x 12 + 25 x
12
=12 x ( 2500 + 250 + 25 )
.= 33300
Bi 5 in du ( > ; <; = ) thch hp vo trng
.a,
3 x 100 + 9 x 100+ 5 x10 + 7
3957
3957
b,
x0 x 0 x
x0000 + x0 x
x0 x 0 x

d
B

a3 +

3a

a 0 + a + 3 + 30

( a + 3 ) x 11
a x 11 + 33
a x 11 + 33
abc + 750

A x 10 + a + 33
d
, a53 + 4b6 + 4b6
BVT
a53 + 4b6 + 4b6
= a00 + 53 +406 +b0 +290 + c

54

= ( aoo + bo + c ) + ( 53 + 406 +290 )

= abc
+749
SS : Hai tng u c cng s hng l abc . M 749 < 750
Nn abc +749 < abc + 750
KL :
Bi 6 : Khng tnh kt qu c th . Hy so snh 2 tng A v B
a, A = 198 +26 + 574 + 32 + 10
B = 530 + 124 +92 +76 + 18
b , A =abc +de + 1992
B = 19bc + d1 + a9e
* Hng dn gii
a , GV hng dn hs lm
b , Bin i B =19bc +d1 +a9e
= 1900 + bc + do + 1 + aoo + 90 + e
= ( aoo + bc ) + ( do + e ) + ( 1900 + 90
+1 )
=
abc
+de
+1991
NX ; hai tng u c chung 2 s hng l abc +de .M 1992
>1991
Nn abc + de + 1992 > abc +de + 1992 > abc + de + 1991
Vy A > B
-HS c th lm cch khc

TUN 9 :
Ngy son :
Ngy dy :
Ton :
PHEP TR
I , Nhng kin thc cn nh
a , Biu thc a b = c
( a l s b tr , b l s tr , c la
hiu )
b , Cc tnh cht
- T/ C tr cho s 0
a0=a
- T/C s b tr bng s tr
aa =0
- T/c tr cho 1 tng
a(b+c)=abc
* Ch php tr ch thc hin c khi SBT ln hn hoc
bng ST
C, Tm thnh phn cha bit
x - b =c
a- x =c
x
= c + b ( Tm s b tr )
x = ac
( Tm s tr )
55

x
= d
x = d
* Mi quan h
- Hiu 2 s khng thay i nu ta cng thm ( hoc
bt ) SBT v ST i cng 1 s
t nhin
- Trong php tr nu thm (hoc bt )SBT bao nhiu
n v th hiu s tng ( hoc bt ) by nhiu n v
- Trong php tr nu thm (bt ) ST bao nhiu n
v th hiu s tng (gim ) by nhiu n v
- Hiu ca 2 s chn l 1 s chn
- Hiu ca 2 s l l 1so chn
- Hiu ca 1 s l vi 1 s chn l 1 s l
II Bi tp vn dng
Bi 1: Khi tr 1s t nhin cho 11 do s xut mt hs t
php tnh nh sau
abcd
Em hy so snh hiu ng vi hiu sai ca
php tnh?
11
* Hng dn gii
Khi t php tnh nh trn th php tnh
tng ln 10 ln s tr
Ta c Hiu sai = SBT 11 x 10
Hiu ng = SBT -11
Vy s tr ca hiu sai tng thm
11 x10 11 =99
Vy hiu sai so vi hiu ng gim i
99 n v
b . Khi tr 1 STN cho 25 mt hs t tnh nh sau
abcde
Em hy so snh hiu sai vi hiu ng ?
25
* Hng dn gii
Khi t php tnh nh trn th s tr tng thm
100 ln
Ta c Hiu sai = SBT -25 x100
Hiu ng = ST 25
Vy s tr ca hiu sai tng thm 25 x100 25 =2475
Nn hiu sai so vi hiu dng gim i 2475 n
v
GV cho thm 1 s hs t lm
Bi 2 : a , Hiu ca 2 s l 515 . Tm 2 s bit rng nu
ta gch b ch s 2 hng n v ca SBT th c s tr ?
Hng dn gii
56

Hiu ca 2 s l 515 . Nu ta gch b ch s 2 hng

n v ca SBT th c ST
Tc l SBT gp 10 ln ST v 2 n v
T heo bi ra ta c s
S tr
S b tr
Nhn vo s ta thy :
S tr l :
( 5718 2 ) : ( 10 1 ) = 57
S b tr l :
57 + 515 = 572
58 TL : 572 57 = 515
S tr l :
( 5718 2 ) : ( 10 1 ) = 57
S b tr l :
59 + 515 = 572
60 TL : 572 57 = 515
S :
S tr l 57
S b tr l
572
b , Hiu ca 2 s l 50 . Nu ta vit thm ch s 3 vo bn
phi ca SBT v gi nguyn s tr ta c hiu mi l 6228 . Tm
2 s ?
Hng dn gii
Nu ta gi nguyn s tr ta c hiu mi hn hiu c
chnh l SBT mi hn s BTC . Vy hiu mi l :
6228 510 = 5718 .
Nu ta vit thm ch s 3 vo bn phi ca SBT th
SBT ax tng ln 10 ln v 3 v .
T heo bi ra ta c s
S b tr c
S b tr mi
Nhn vo s ta thy :
S b tr l :
( 5718 3 ) : ( 10 1 ) = 635
S tr l :
635
- 510 = 572
636
TL : 572 57 = 125
57

S :
S tr l 125
S b tr l
635
Bi 3 :
a , Hiu ca 2 s l 133 . Nu SBT cng vi s tr cng hiu th
ta c 432 . Tm php tr ?
Hng dn gii
T heo bi ra ta c :
S b tr - S tr = 133
S b tr + S tr + hiu = 432 :
( 5718 2 ) : ( 10 1 ) = 57
S b tr + s tr l :
432 - 133 = 299
S tr l 216 133 = 83
TL : 216 83 = 133
s :
B, Mt php tr c tng cc s : Hiu s , s b tr , s tr l 2006
. Hiu ln hn s tr 133 . Tm php tr ?
HDG :
T heo bi ra ta c :
Hiu s + S tr + S b tr = 2006
S b tr = S tr + hiu
= > S b tr + s b tr l = 2006
S b tr x 2 = 2006
S b tr x 2 = 2006
S b tr = 2006 : 2
S b tr = 1003
Tng ca hiu v s tr l :
2006 1003 = 1003
Hiu s l :
( 1003 + 113 ) : 2 = 565
S tr l :
1003 465 = 435
Ta c php b 1003 435 = 568
s :
Bi 4 : Cho php tnh sau :
a, ( 2 + 4 + 6 + + 68 ) - ( 10 + 12 + + 50 )
= 253
b, ( 8 + 10 + 12 + + 100 ) - ( 11 + 13 + +
45 ) = 159
58

khng thc hin php tnh em hy cho bit kt qu ca

cc biu thc treendddungs hay sai ? V sao ?
HDG :
A, NX Ta thy s b tr l tng ca cc s chn . Nn s bi tr l
s chn .
S tr l tng ca cc s chn . Nn s tr l s chn .
Hiu 2 s chn l1 s chn .
M kt qu ca php tr l s l nn k / qu ny sai.
B, s b tr l tng ca cc s chn . Nn s b tr l s chn .
S tr c :
( 45 11 ) : 2 + 1 = 18 ( s )
Cc s hng trong s tr l s l , s cc s chn .Nn
tng ca ST l s chn .
Hiu ca 1 s chn v l 1 s chn l s chn . M kt
qu l . Vy bn tnh sai .
C , Nam lm 1 php tr c hiu l 1995 . Sau Nam cng cc
s : Hiu s + S tr + S b tr th c kt qu l 9999. Hi
Nam thc hin php tnh ng hay sai ? Ti sao ?
HDG :
T heo bi ra ta c :
S b tr - S tr = 1995
S b tr + S tr + hiu = 9999
V S b tr = s b tr + hiu nn
S b tr + S b tr = 9999
Hay S b tr x 2 = 9999
V tch 2 s bt k no cng l s chn m 9999 l s l
nn bn nam tnh sai .
Bi tp v nh :
Bi 1 : a , Hiu ca 2 s l 5856 . Nu ta gi nguyn s b tr
v xa ch s hng v ca ST th ta c hiu ca hai ch s
l 7662 . Tm 2 s ?
b , Hiu ca 2 s c 3 c/ s l 128 . Nu ta gi nguyn s b
tr v xa ch s hng trm ca ST th ta c hiu mi l
828 . Tm 2 s bit rng c / s hng v ca ST bng c/s
hng chc ca SBC v bng 5 .
c, Tm 2 s bit rng Nu thm vo s ln 12 v v gi
nguyn s b th ta c hiu ca chng bng 51 . Nu gp i
s b v gi nguyn s ln th ta c hiu bng 14 .
Bi 1 : a , Hiu ca 2 s l 105 . Nu ly TBC cng vi hiu , cng
vi s b tr th c 986 . Tm php tr ?
59

b, Mt php tr c tng cc s hiu, s b tr , s tr l

2468 .S tr ln hn hiu l 19 v . tm php tr ?
c, Tng s hiu, s b tr , s tr l 2004 . Hiu ln hn
s tr l 132 . tm php tr ?
Bi 5 : a , Nm nay m hn con 25 tui . Hi sau 10 nm na con
km m bao nhiu tui ?
a , Nm nay m hn tng s tui ca c 2 con l 23
tui . Hi sau bao nhiu nm na tng s tui ca c 2 con s
bng tui m ?
Hng dn gii
a , Nm nay m hn con 25 tui . Sau 10 nm na m vn hn
con 25 ( v mi nm mi ngi tng 1 tui ) ?
Con km m 25 tui .
b , Hin ti m hn tng s tui ca c 2 con l 23 tui
. Tc l sau 1 nm m thm 1 tui th 2 con thm 2 tui ( Tc l
sau 1 nm m thm t hn 2 con 1 tui. ( 2 2 = 1 )
Vy sau 23 nm na( 23 : 1 = 23 ) tui ca c 2 con s
bng tui m .
Bi 6 : a , Hiu ca 2 s l 515 . Nu ta xa ch s 2 hng
v ca SBT th ta c ST . Tm 2 s ?
b , Hiu ca 2 s l 510 . Nu ta vit thm c/ s 2 vo bn phi
s b tr v gi nguyn
ST th ta c hiu mi l 6228 .
Tm 2 s ?
c, Tm 2 s c 3 c/ s bit rng s ln c c/ s tn cng l 1 .S
b c ch s hng chc l 6 Hiu ca 2 s bng 336 . Nu
gch b c/ s hng trm ca s b ta c hiu mi l 636 .
HDG :
: a , Nu ta xa ch s 2 hng v ca SBT th ta c ST c ngha l SBT gp 10 ln ST v 2 v .
T heo bi ra ta c s
S b tr c
S b tr mi
Nhn vo s ta thy :
S tr l :
( 515 2 ) : 9 = 57
S b tr l :
57 + 515 = 572
S :
S tr l
60

572

S b tr l
57
. b. Nu ta gi nguyn ST th ta c hiu mi hn hiu c bao
nhiu th SBT mi hn SBT c l by nhiu.
( Hiu l 6227 510 = 5717 )
Thm 3 vo bn phi SBT c th SBT c bng 10 ln SBT c
cng 3 v .
T heo bi ra ta c s
S b tr c
S b tr mi
Nhn vo s ta thy :
S b tr c l :
( 5717 2 ) : 9 = 635
S tr c l :
635 - 510 = 125.
c, Gch b c/ s x hng trm ca s b tc l bt s b i x
( trm ) v .
Vy x00 = 636 336 = 300 = > x = 3 .
Gi s ln l ab1
, s b l 36c . Ta c

ab1

36c
336

11- c = 6 = > c = 11 6 = 5
Khi
= 365 + 336 = 701 .
Hai s cho l 701 v 365.

( 990 - 110 ) : 10 + 1 = 89 ( s hng )

Tng ca chng l
( 110 +990 ) x 89 : 2 = 48950
S TBC ca cc s trong dy s l l :
48950 : 89 = 5 50
S : 550 .
61

Bi 2 a, Tm 5 s l lin tip bit TBC ca chung bng 55 .

B , Tm 11 STN lin tip bit TBC ca n l s ln nht c 5 ch
s.
C , Tm 8 s l lin tip bit TBC ca chung bng 26 .
HD gii :
a , C1 :
V s ca cc s hng l mt s l th TBC ca dy ny ng
bng bng s v tr chnh gia ca dy s ( v tr th 3 ). l
s hng th 35.
Vy 5 s l lin tip l ;
C 2 : Tng ca 5 s l lin tip l
35 x 5 = 175
Hai s l lin tip hn km nhau 2 v . Gi s l th nht l a +
1 Ta c :
( a + 1 ) + ( a + 3 ) + ( a + 5 )+( a + 7 )+ ( a + 9 ) =175
( a + a + a + a + a ) +(1 + 3 +5 + 7 + 9 ) = 175
ax5
+
25
= 175
ax5
+
25
= 175
ax5
= 175 25
ax5
= 150
a
= 150 : 5
a = 30
=> a + 1 = 30 + 1 + 31
Vy s l u tin l 31
Ta tm c 5 s l l 31 ; 33 ; 35 ; 37 ; 39 .
S ln nht c 5 ch s 99999 .
Vy TBC ca 11STN lin tip l 99999.
V s ca cc s hng l mt s l th TBC ca dy ny ng
bng bng s v tr chnh gia ca dy s ( v tr th 6). l
s hng th 99 999.
Vy 11STN lin tip c TBC bng 99999 l : 99994 ;
99995 .
c, HS t lm
Bi 3 a, TBC ca 3 s l 97 . Tm 1 trong 3 s bit n l TBC
ca 2 s cn li . .
b, TBC ca 3 s l 15 . Tm s th 3 bit s ny chnh bng
TBC ca 2 s kia . .
c, TBC ca 5 s l 96 . Tm s th 5 bit s ny chnh bng
TBC ca 4s kia . .
d, TBC s v ca 3 bn Mai , Lan , o l 25 quyn . Tm s v
ca o bit o c s v chnh bng TBC ca 2 bn kia . .
62

e , 3 s c TBC l 52 bit s th 3 ng bng TBC ca s th

1 v s th 2 , s th 1 gp ln 3 ln th c s th 2. Tm 3 s
..
HD gii :
a , C1 :
Tng ca 3 s l
15 x 3 = 45
V s th 3 bng ( ST1 + ST2 ) : 2
= > ST3 x 2 = ST1 + ST2
= > ST3 x 3 = ST1 + ST2 + ST3
Tc l tng ca 3 s gp 3 ln ST3 .
Vy ST 3 l :
45 : 3 = 15
s : 15 .
? Em c nhn xt g v ST3 vi TBC ca cc s cn li ta lm ntn ?
KL : Mt trong cc s cho li bng TBC ca cc s cn li th s
chnh bng TBC ca tt c cc s cho .
C2 : Mt trong cc s cho li bng TBC ca cc s cn li th
s chnh bng TBC ca tt c cc s cho . Vy STT l 15 .
Cc cn li hs lp lun tng t .
Bi 4 a, TBC ca 3 s l 37 . Tm 3 s bit rng trong 3 s
c 1 s c 3 c/ s , 1 s c 2 ch s , 1 s c 1 ch s ,
b, Tm s c 2 ch s . Bit TBC 2 s l 6 v ch s ny gp
2 ln c/ s kia. . .
c, Tm s c 2 ch s . Bit TBC 2 c / s l 5 v ch s ny
hn c / s kia l 8 v .
HD gii :
a,:
Tng ca 3 s l
37 x 3 = 11
Trong 3 s . Mt s c 3 c/ s, 1 s c 2 ch s , 1 s c 1 ch
s nn ,
111 = 100 + 10 + 1
111 = 101 + 10 + 0
111 = 100 + 11 + 0
Ta c s phi tm c s TBC l 37 l :
100 ; 10 v 1
101 ; 10 v 0
100 ; 11 v 0
Tng ca 2 ch s l :
6 x 2 = 12
63

V c/ s ny gp i ch s kia nn ta c s
.
c/ s ny
s kia nn
ch s kia l:
14: ( 1 + 2 ) = 4
ch s ny l:
4 x2 =8
Vy s c hai ch s phi tm l 48 hay 84 .
C , Hs lm tng t b
Bi 2 a, Tm 7 s l lin tip bit TBC ca chung bng s l ln
nht c 2 c/ s .
B , Tm 8 s chn lin tip bit TBC ca chng = 47.
C , Tm 10 s l lin tip bit TBC ca chng bng 74 .
HD gii :
a , S l ln nht c 2 c/ s l 99.
TBC 7 s cn tm cn tm l 99 . 7 s l lin tip l cc s cch
u nhau nn TBC ca chng bng TBC ca chng l s v
tr chnh gia ca dy ). l s th 4.
Vy s th 4 trong cc s cn tm cn tm l 99.
7 s l lin tip l 93 , 95 , 97 , 99 , 101 , 103 ,105 .
B, Dy s c 8 s lin tip l cc s cch u nhau nn TBC ca
chng bng TBC 2 s cch u 2 u dy s.
Ta chn 2 s chn lin nhau chnh gia dy s l s hng th 4
v 5 . Hai s ny c TBC l 47 .
Vy tng 2 s l :
17 x 2 = 94
S th 4
S th 5
S hng th 4 l :
( 94 2 ) : 2 = 46 .
S hng th 5 l :
46 + 2 = 48.
Vy 8 s chn lin tip l :
40 ; 42 ; 44 ; 46 ;48 ; 50 ; 52 ;54 .
Y c , HS lm tng t b.
Bi 7 : Khi nh s trang 1 quyn sch . Ngi ta thy TB mi trang
phi dng 2 ch s . Hi quyn sch c bao nhiu trang ?
Gii
T trang 1 - > trang 9 mi trang c nh bi 1 ch s .
T trang 10 - > trang 99 mi trang c nh bi 2 ch s .
64

 TB mi trong c dng 2 c/ s nh s trang th s trang c nh bi 3 c/ s = s trang c nh bi 1 c/ s .Vy c 9 trang

c nh bi 3 ch s .
Quyn sch c tt c :
99 + 9 = 108 (trang )
s : 108 (trang )

tun 7 : Cc bi ton trung bnh cng

Bi 1 a, Mt nh mays ngy th nht sn xut c 231 sp . Ngy
th hai sn xut c 21 sp
V hn ngy th 3 13 sp . Hi Tb mi ngy nh ma sn xut
c bao nhiu sp ?
b , Theo k hoch 4 tun cui nm mt cng nhn phi
dt TB mi tun 168 m vi . Tun du cng nhn dt c 150
m vi . tun th 2 i dt hn tun 1 : 40 m vi . Tun t3 dt km
t2 15 m vi . Hi mun hon thnh k hoch th t4 phi dt bao
nhiu m vi ?
c , Mt thng c 20 ln kim tra . Sau 10 ln kim tra bn An thy
im TB ca mnh l 7 . Hi cn1 0 ln kim tra na bn An phi
t bao nhiu im im TB ca mnh l 8 .
. HD gii :
HS c bi nu yu cu .
Phn tch yu cu . Gii GV cha bi .
Bi 2 : a , Tui TB ca 1 cu th mt i bng l 22 tui .Nu
khng k th mn tui TB ca 10 cu cn li l 22 tui . Hi th
mn bao nhiu tui.
B, TB tui ca ng , tui ca b , , tui ca chu l 36 tui . .
TB tui ca tui ca b , , tui ca chu l 23 tui. Tui ca
ng hn tui ca chu l 54 tui . Hi tuimi ngi .
C ,C 4 thng du Tb mi thng cha 17 l . Nu thng o k thng
du th nht th Tb mi thng cn li cha 15 l . Hi thng th
nht cha bao nhiu lt du ?
.
HD gii :
a,
Tng s tui ca c i bng l :
22 x 11 = 242 ( tui )
Tng s tui ca 10 cu th cn li l :
21 x 10 = 210 ( tui )
65

Tui ca th mn l :
242 210 = 32 ( tui )
s : 32 ( tui )
Cc b, c lm tng t .
Bi 3 : a, Mt i cng nhn tham gia trng cy gm 3 t . T
1 c 7 ngi ., mi ngi trng c 12 cy. T 1 c 8 ngi ., mi ngi
trng c 90 cy. T 3 c 10ngi ., mi ngi trng c 76 cy.
Hi TB mi cng nhn trng cy c bao nhiu cy ?
B , Mt t chy t tnh A - > tnh B ht 5h. Trong hai
gi u t chy c 46 km . Gi t3 t chy c 52 km . Hai gi
sau mi gi t chy c 43 km . Hi qung ng t A - > B v
mi gi t chy c bao nhiu km ?
HD gii :
a,
S cy t 1 trng c l :
12 x 7 = 84 ( cy )
Tng s cy c t trng c l :
84+ 90 + 76 = 250 ( cy )
Tng s ngi c i l :
8 + 8 + 10 = 25 ( ngi )
Tb mi cng nhn trng c l :
250 : 25 = 10 ( cy )
s : 10 ( cy )
Y b, lm tng t .
Bi 4 a , Con heo v con ch nng 102 kg . Con heo v con b
nng 231 kg . , Con ch v con b nng 177 kg . Hi TB mi con
nng ? kg .
b , Mt con g v mt con vt nng 5 kg . Con g v con
ngng nng 9 kg . , Con ngng v con vt nng 10 kg . Hi TB
mi con nng ? kg .
HD gii :
a, heo + ch = 102 kg
heo + b = 231 kg
ch b = 177 kg
Ta c ( heo + ch + b ) = 102 + 131 + 177 .
( Heo + ch + b ) x 2 = 510 kg
Tng khi lng ca : heo , ch , b l
510 : 2 = 225 kg
Trung bnh mi con nng l :
225 : 3 = 85 kg
66

S : 85 kg
Ch : Mt s bng TBC ca t c cc s cho th s chnh
bng TBC ca cc s cn li .
Nu bi ton cho bit 1 s hn TBC ca tt c cc s th :
TBC = ( tng cc s bit + s hn TBC ) : S cc s
bit .
Nu bi ton cho bit 1 s km mc TBC ca tt c cc s th :
TBC = ( tng cc s bit - s km TBC ) : S cc s
bit .
Bi 5 a, Mt ca hng lng thc bn go trong 3 ngy . Ngy th
nht bn c 86 kg . Ngy th hai bn hn ngy th nht 36 kg
go . Ngy th ba bn =TBC ca c 3 ngy . Hi c 3 ngy bn bao
nhiu kg .
b,
C 4 bn chi bi An c 18 vin bi , Bnh c 16 vin bi ,
hng c s vin bi bng TBC ca An v Bnh . Dng c s vin bi
bng TBC ca 4 bn . Hi Dng c bao nhiu vin bi .
c, Mt ln ti , Hung, Dng i cu . Dng cu c 15 con c .
Hung cu c 11 con c . ti , cu c s c ng bng TBC s
c ca 3 chng ti . Hi ti cu c bao nhiu con c ?.
bao nhiu kg .
b,
An c 18 vin bi , Bnh c 16 vin bi , hng c s vin bi
bng TBC ca An v Bnh cng thm 6 vin bi . . Dng c s vin
bi bng TBC ca 4 bn . Hi Dng c bao nhiu vin bi .
HD gii :
a, S go ca hng bn ngy th hai l :
86 + 36 = 122 ( kg )
Ngy th ba bn =TBC ca c 3 ngy . Ngha l ngy
th 3 ca hng bn s go bng TBC S go ca hng bn2 ngy
u .
S go ca hng bn ngy th ba l :
(86 + 122 ) : 2 = 104 ( kg )
S go ca hng bn c 3ngy l :
104 x 3 = 312 ( kg )
S : 312 ( kg )
b,
S bi ca Hng l :
( 18 + 16 ) : 2 = 17 (vin )
Dng c s vin bi bng TBC ca 4 bn . Ngha l Dng
c s vin bi bng TBC s ,, bi ca AN , BNH , Hng .
S bi ca Dng l :
( 18 + 16 + 17 ) : 3 = 17 (vin )
S : 17 (vin )
67

a , S c ca ti bng TBC s c ca 3 chng ti nn ti k phi

b cho 2 bn v 2 bn cng k phi b cho ti nn s c ca ti
cu c chnh bng TBC s c ca hai bn Hng v Dng
cu
S c ca ti l :
( 11 + 15 ) : 2 = 13 (con c )
S : 13 (con c )
D, TBC s bi ca An v Bnh l :
( 18 + 16 ) : 2 = 17 Vin
S bi ca Hng l :
( 17 + 6 ) = 23 (vin )
Dng c s vin bi bng TBC ca 4 bn . Ngha l Dng
c s vin bi bng TBC s ,, bi ca AN , BNH , Hng .
S bi ca Dng l :
( 18 + 16 + 23 ) : 3 = 19 (vin )
S : 19 (vin )
Bi 6 a, Cho 3 s 12 , 14 , 15 s th 4 hn TBC ca 4 s l 4 .
Tm s th 4 ?.
b,
An c 20 vin bi , Bnh c s bi = 1/2 so vin bi ca An ,
Chi c s vin bi hn TBC ca 3 bn l 6 vin bi . . Hi Chi c bao
nhiu vin bi ?
C , Nhn dp khai ging , Mai mua 10 quyn v , Lan mua 12
quyn v. o mua bng TBC ca 2 bn trn , Cc mua hn TBC
ca 4 bn l 3 quyn v. Hi Cc mua bao nhiu quyn v.?
D , Bn chng ti trng cy vn sinh vt .Bn L trng c 12
cy. .Bn Hu trng c 15 cy.Bn Hng trng c 14 cy.Ti
rt t ho v mnh trng c s cy nhiu hn TBC ca 4
chunhs ti l 4 cy. Hi ti trng c bao nhiu cy.?
TRi chn nui g nh bc Hng thng th nht bn c 6 t g .
thng th hai bn c 7 t g .thng th ba bn c 9 t g .thng
th t bn hn mc TBC ca 4 thng 2 t g . Hi thng th t bn c
bao nhiu t g ?
HD gii :
Bi 1
HD gii :
A, Tng ca 3 s l :
12 + 14 + 15 = 41
Theo bi ra ta c s
Trung bnh cng ca 4 s l :
( 41 + 4 ) : 3 = 15
68

S th 4 l :
15 + 4 = 19
S : 19
B , S bi ca Bnh l :
20 : 2 = 10 Vin
Tng
s bi ca An v Bnh l :
20 + 10 = 30 (vin )
Theo bi ra ta c s
*
TBC s ,, bi ca AN , BNH , Chi l :
( 30 + 6 ) : 2 = 18 (vin )
S bi ca Chi l :
18 + 16 = 24 Vin
S : 24 (vin )
C, Hs c yu cu .
B , S v ca o l :
( 10 + 12 ) : 2 = 42 ( Quyn )
Tng
s v ca o , Mai , Lan l :
12+ 10 + 11 = 33 (( Quyn )
Theo bi ra ta c s
*
TBC s v ca o , Mai , Lan Cc l
( 33 + 3 ) : 3 = 12 ( Quyn )
S v ca Cc l:
15+ 13 = 15 ( Quyn )
S : 15 (( Quyn )
D,
Tng
s cy ca 3 bn L , Hu , Hng
12 + 15 + 14 = 41 ( cy )
Theo bi ra ta c s

l :

*
TBC s

cy ca 4 bn L , Hu , Hng
69

, ti l

( 41 + 4 ) : 3 = 15 ( cy )
S cy ca Cc l:
5 + 4 = 19 ( cy )
S : 19 ( cy )
Bi 7 : a, Vit c 18 vin bi , Nam c 16 vin bi Ha c
s vin bi bng TBC ca vit v Nam .Bnh c s vin bi km
mc TBC ca c 4 bn l 6 vin bi . . Hi Bnh c bao nhiu vin
bi ?
B , Bn bn Cn , Kim , Lim , Chnh gp tin mua cu lng v
vt cu lng . Kim gp 9000 . Lim gp bi km mc TBC ca
c 2 bn trc l 4000 . Chnh gp bi km mc TBC ca c 4
bn l 1100 Hi :
A, Mc tb ca 4 bn l bao nhiu ?
,b , Lim , Chnh mi ngi gp c bao nhiu .
C, Bn t cng nhn chuyn hng vo kho . T 1 chuyn c
18 tn . T 2 chuyn c 16 tn . T 3 chuyn c 17 tn . T 4
chuyn km mc TBC ca c 4 t l 6 tn .
Hi c 4 t chuyn c bao nhiu tn hng ?
A , Hs c yu cu .
Bi ton cho bit g ? cn tm g ?
Gv phn tch ?a v dng km mc TBC
Tng
s tin ca Cn , Kim
l :
8000 + 9000 = 17000 ( ng )
Theo bi ra ta c s
*
TB s tin ca 3 bn l
( 17000 - 400 ) : 2 = 8300 ( ng )
S tin ca Lim gp l:
8300 + 400 = 8700 ( ng )
Tng
s tin ca Cn , Kim , Lim l :
17000 + 8700 = 25700 ( ng )
ta c s
Tng s/ tin 4 bn
*

70

TB C s tin ca 4 bn l
( 25700 - 1100 ) : 3 = 8200 ( ng )
S tin ca Chnh l:
8200 - 1100 = 7100( ng )
S : 7100 ( ng )
C, c HS k s lm tng t a .
Bi 8
a , D , Bn t tham gia trng cy.t 1 trng c 112 cy. .T 2
trng c 115 cy.T 3 trng c 114 cy.T 4 trng c s
cy nhiu hn TBC ca 4 t l 16 cy. Hi t 4 trng c bao
nhiu cy.?
b , Mt i xe ti c 5 xe . Hai xe u mi xe tr 3 tn go . Hai xe
sau mi xe tr 4,5 tn go .
Cn xe th nm tr nhiu hn TBC ca ton i l 1 tn .
Hi xe th nm tr bao nhiu tn .
i 4 tn ri = 45 t .
B , MAI , Lan , o gp tin mua sch . Mai gp 15000 . Lan
gp tin hn mc TBC ca c Lan v Mai l 2000 . o gp
tin km mc TBC ca c Lan v Mai o l 4000 Hi c 3
ngi gp c bao nhiu .
HDG :
Theo bi ra ta c s
*
TBC s tin ca 2 bn Lan v o l
15000 + 2000 = 17000 ( ng )
S tin ca Lan gp l:
17000 + 2000 = 19000 ( ng )
Tng
s tin ca Mai , Lan l :
19000 + 15000 = 34000 ( ng )
ta c s
Tng s/ tin 3 bn
*
TB C s tin ca 3 bn l
( 34000 - 4000 ) : 2 = 15000 ( ng )
71

Tng s/ tin 3 bn gp l :
15000 x 3 = 45000 ( ng )
S : 45000 ( ng )
Bi 9 :
A, Mt i sn xut gm 6 cng nhn v 1 i trng . Mi cng
nhn c thng 200.000 .
Cn ngi i trng c thng hn mc TBC ca c i l 9000
. . Hi ngi i trng c thng bao nhiu tin ?
. D , Mt t tham gia trng cy.gm 10 ngi . .Trong n 8 v
nam 2 .Mi bn n trng c 3 cy . Mi bn nam trng s cy
nhiu hn TBC ca 4 t l 4 cy. Hi c t trng c bao
nhiu cy.?
c, Mt cng ty lng thc c 4 kho d tr thc . Kho th nht cha
195 tn . Kho th hai cha 205 . Kho th ba cha hn mc TBC
ca c 3 kho ( K1, k2 , k3 ) l 14 tn . Kho th t cha km mc
TBC ca c 4 kho l 9 tn .Tnh s thc kho 4 v kho 3?
HDG :
TB C s tin ca 6 cng nhn l
200000 x 6 = 1200.000 ( ng )
Ta c s
*
TBC s tin ca 7 ngi l
(1200.000 + 90.000) : 6 = 215000 ( ng )
S tin ca ngi i trng thu l:
21500. + 90.000 = 305000 ( ng )
S : 305000 ( ng )
B , Tng s cy ca 8 cng nhn n trng
l :
3 x 8 = 24 ( cy )
Mi cng nhn nam trng hn TBC ton i
l 4
cy .Vy cng nhn nam trng hn mc trung bnh cng ca
ton i l 4 x2 = 8 ( cy )
ta c s
*
72

TBC 1 cng nhn ca i trng l :

( 24 + 8 ) : 8 = 4 ( cy )
C i trng l
5 X 10 = 40 ( cy )
S : 40 ( cy )

tun 8 : Cc bi ton v php cng

I , Cc kin thc cn nh
* cc tnh cht ca php cng >
a , Tnh cht giao hon :
b, Tnh cht kt hp :
a + (b +c ) = (a + b ) + c
c, Tnh cht cng 1 s vi s 0 :
a+0= 0+a =a
d, Tng ca 2 s khng thay i khi ta thm vo s
hng ny bao nhiu n v v bt s hng kia by nhiu n v .
d, Trong 1 tng nu ta thm hay bt 1 s hng i bao
nhiu n v v gi nguyn s hng kia th tng s tng hoc
gim by nhiu n v .
d, Tng ca 2 s c 1 ch s nu bng 1 s c 2 ch s
th c/ s hng chc bng 1 ( Tng t vi cc trng hp 2 ,3 , 4 ch
s )
Nu a + b = cd th c = 1 ( V a , b < 10 nn a + b < 20
).
d, Tng ca 2 s chn l 1 s chn
d, Tng ca cc s chn l s chn
d, Tng ca 2 s l l s chn
l, Cc s hng m l m s hng l chn th tng l
s chn .
Vd : 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 = 36 Trong :
Cc s hng l cc s l .
Cc s hng l cc s chn ( 6 s )
= > Tng l s chn .
m , Tng ca 1 s chn vi 1 s l l 1 s l
Vd : 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 25 Trong :
S cc s hng l cc s l ( 5 s ).
Cc s hng l cc s l
= > Tng l s l.
II , Bi tp p dng .
73

Bi 1 : a, Khi cng 1 STN c 4 ch s vi 1 STN c 2 c/ s do s

xut , 1 hs t php tnh nh sau :
abcd
+
ef

= > Kt qu ca php tnh thay i ntn ?

Khi dt php tnh nh trn th s hng th 2 gp ln

100 ln .
Ta c : Tng sai = S hng th nht + S hng th 2 x
100.
Tng ng = S hng th nht + S hng th 2
Nn tng sai = S hng th nht + S hng th 2 +
S hng th 2 x 99
Tng sai = Tng ng + S hng th 2 x 99.
Vy tng sai tng thm 99 ln s hng th 2 .
b , Khi cng 1 STN c 5 ch s vi 25 , 1 hs do s xut t
php tnh nh sau :
abcde
+
25

= > Em hy s snh tng ng v tng sai ca

php tnh ?
HGD :
Khi dt php tnh nh trn th s hng th 2 gp ln
10 ln .
Ta c : Tng sai = S hng th nht + 25 x 10.
Tng ng = S hng th nht + 2 5
Nn tng sai = (Tng ng + 2 5) + 25 x 9.
Nn tng sai hn t ng ng l 25 x 9 = 225
Vy tng sai hn tng ng 225 v .
Bi 2 a, Tm 2 s c tng bng 783 . Bit rng tng s th 2 ln
gp 2 ln v gi nguyn s hng th nht th c tng mi l
1239.
HDG :
Nu ta gi nguyn s hng th nht v tng s th 2 ln gp 2 ln
th tng mi hn vi tng c chnh bng 1 ln s th 2 .
Vy s hng th 2 l :
1239 783 = 456
Vy s hng th 1 l :
783 456 = 327
s : 456 v 327
74

a, Tm 2 s c tng bng 952 . , neus vit thm c/ s 8 vo bn

tri s b ta c s ln .
HDG :
V tng ca 2 s phi tm l s c 3 ch s ( 952 ) nn s b l
s c 2 ch s . Khi vit c/ soos8 vo bn tri s b ta c s ln l
s c 3 ch s . Vy s ln hn s b l 800 v .
Vy s ln l :
(952 + 800 ) : 2 = 876
Vy s b l :
876 800 = 76
s : 876 v 76.
C, Mt bn thc hin php cng , do s xut 1 s hng hs vit
nhm ch s s hng th 2 hng v thnh ch s 9 , hng
chc ch s 4 vit thnh ch s 7 . Nn tng mi l 750. Tm
tng c
HDG :
V hng v vit nhm ch s s hng th 2 hng
v thnh ch s 9 , hng chc ch s 4 vit thnh ch s 7 .
Nn tng thm :
7 4 = 3 chc - > Tng c tng thm 30 + 7 = 37 .
Vy tng c l :
750 37 = 713
S : 713
d , Tm 2 s ? Bit s th 2 gp i s th nht . S th 2 l s
c 3 ch s . Khi xa i c/ s hng trm ca s th 2 l 4 ln th
tng mi l 335.
HS c u bi nu y/ cu .
Bi ton cho bit g cn tm g ?
HDG :
V s th 2 c 3 ch s nn khi xa c/ s 4 hng trm th s
th 2 gim i 400 v .
Tng c l :
335 + 400 = 735
V st2 gp i st1 nn ta c st2 l 2 phn = nhau th st1 l 1
phn nh th .
Tng s phn bng nhau l :
1 + 2 = 3 phn
S th nht l 735 : 3 = 245
S th hai l 245 x 2 = 490
S : 245 v 490
75

Bi 3 a, Tng ca 2 s l 69 . Nu gp s t1 ln 3 ln v gi
nguyn s t2 th c tng mi l 87 . Tm 2 s ? HS c u
bi nu y/ cu .
Bi ton cho bit g cn tm g ?
HDG :
Theo bi ra ta c s
Nhn vo s ta thy 2 ln s t nhin l :
87 69 = 18
S th nht l : 18 : 2 =9
S th 2 l :
69 9 = 60
s : st1 : 9 ; st2 : 60
b, Tng ca 2 s l 37 . Nu gp s t1 ln 5 ln v 5 ln s t2 th
c 2 s c tng l 87 . Tm 2 s ? HS c u bi nu y/
cu .
Bi ton cho bit g cn tm g ?
HDG :
Gi s st1 v st2 u gp ln 3 ln th tng s l :
37 x 3 = 111
Theo bi ra ta c s
Nhn vo s ta thy 2 ln s t1 l :
159 111 = 48
S th 2 l : 48 : 2 = 24
S th nht l :
37 24 = 13
s : st1 : 13 ; st2 : 24,
C ,Tng ca 2 s l 1073 . Nu tng s t1 ln 5 ln v 8ln s t2
th c 2 s c tng l 7948 . Tm 2 s ?
HS c u bi nu y/ cu .
Bi ton cho bit g cn tm g ?
Hs gii tng t b :
Bi 4 a, Nam tnh tng tt c cc s l c 2 ch s = 2530 . K tnh
trc tip . Hy cho bit Nam tnh ng hay sai ? v sao ?
HS c u bi nu y/ cu .
76

Bi ton cho bit g cn tm g ?

HDG :
S l nh nht c 2 c/ s l 11 .
S l ln nht c 2 c/ s l 99 .
Hai s l lin tip hn km nhau 2 v .
Vy t 11 - > 99 c cc s hng l :
( 99 11) : 2 + 1 = 45 ( s hng )
V cc s hng u l m sm cc s hng cng l ( 45 s ) nn
tng phi l s l , m 2530 l s chn . nn Nam tnh sai .
b , C th dng cc ch s 1 , 3, 5, 7, 9 to nn 5 c/ s m tng
ca chng bng 100 c khng ?
HDG :
Cc s lp c t 5 ch s l 1 , 3, 5, 7, 9 u l s l .
S ca cc s hng u l s l . nn tng ca chng lun lun l
s l .
M 1000 l s chn . Vy khng th lp c 5 s t 5 c/ s 1 , 3,
5, 7, 9 tng = 100 c .
C , H mua 2 quyn truyn ging nhau tng bn 1 quyn cn 1
c . Gi mi quyn l 1 s l nghn . h a tr ngi bn hng
20000 . . c bn hng tr la 3000 hi c bn hng tnh
ng hay sai ? v sao ?
HDG :
V gi mi quyn truyn l 1 s l nghn . M c bn hng tr li
h 3000 . cn 17000 l gi tin 2 quyn truyn . Nn c bn
hng tnh sai. V 2 quyn truyn gi l 1 s chn ..
D , Tm tng 2 s bit hiu 2 s bng na s b .S ln hn s
b l 142 .
HDG :
V hiu bng na s b . Nn s b l :
142 x 2 = 248 .
. Nn s ln l :
248 + 142 = 426 .
Tng 2 s l : 248 + 426 = 710
S :710
E, Tng s hng t1 , s hng t2 v tng l 276 . hai s hng l
2 s chn lin tip ? tm 2 s ?
HS c u bi nu y/ cu .
Bi ton cho bit g cn tm g ?
HDG :
Ta c : S hng th 1 + SHT2+ tng = 276
77

M SHT1 + SHT2 = tng

= > Tng 2 s l : 276 : 2 = 138.
V 2 s chn lin tip hn km nhau 2 v nn hiu 2 s l 2
S chn b l :
(138 2 ) : 2 = 68
S chn ln l :
68 + 2 = 70
TL : 86 + 70 = 138
S : S chn b l :68
S chn ln l :70
BT a , Tm tng 2 s . Bit hiu ca 2 s l 37 v hiu ca 2
s bng na s b ?
b , Tm 3 s t nhin , bit tng ca stn 1 vi stn2 l 32 .
tng ca stn 2 vi stn3 l 39 . Tng ca stn 3 vi stn1 l
37
c , Tm
tng ca cc s c 3 ch s khc nhau vit
bi cc ch soos1, 2, 5 , 8 ,9 .
HDG
C, S c 3 c/s hng ln nht l hng trn .
C 5 cch chn c/s hng trm ( khc 0 )
Vi mi cch chn c/ s hng trm c 4 cch chn c/ s hng chc
(tr c/s hng trm )
Vi mi nhm hng trm, hng chc c 3 cch chn c/ s hng v.
Vy tng c :
6 x 4 x 3 = 60 ( s hng )
Vi mi c/ s cc hng xut hin :
7 x 3 = 12 ( ln )
Vy tng cc s l :
( 1+ 2 + 5 + 8 + 9 ) x 100 x12 + ( 1+ 2 + 5 + 8 + 9 ) x10 x12 +
( 1+ 2 + 5 + 8 + 9 ) x12
= 25 x 100 x 12 + 25 x 10 x 12 + 25 x
12
=12 x ( 2500 + 250 + 25 )
.= 33300
Bi 5 in du ( > ; <; = ) thch hp vo trng
.a,
3 x 100 + 9 x 100+ 5 x10 + 7
3957
3957
b,
x0 x 0 x
x0000 + x0 x
x0 x 0 x

d
B

a3 +

3a

a 0 + a + 3 + 30

A x 10 + a + 33

( a + 3 ) x 11
a x 11 + 33
a x 11 + 33
78

d
, a53 + 4b6 + 4b6
abc + 750
BVT
a53 + 4b6 + 4b6
= a00 + 53 +406 +b0 +290 + c
= ( aoo + bo + c ) + ( 53 + 406 +290 )
= abc
+749
SS : Hai tng u c cng s hng l abc . M 749 < 750
Nn abc +749 < abc + 750
KL :
Bi 6 : Khng tnh kt qu c th . Hy so snh 2 tng A v B
a, A = 198 +26 + 574 + 32 + 10
B = 530 + 124 +92 +76 + 18
b , A =abc +de + 1992
B = 19bc + d1 + a9e
* Hng dn gii
a , GV hng dn hs lm
b , Bin i B =19bc +d1 +a9e
= 1900 + bc + do + 1 + aoo + 90 + e
= ( aoo + bc ) + ( do + e ) + ( 1900 + 90
+1 )
=
abc
+de
+1991
NX ; hai tng u c chung 2 s hng l abc +de .M 1992
>1991
Nn abc + de + 1992 > abc +de + 1992 > abc + de + 1991
Vy A > B
-HS c th lm cch khc

79

80

TUN 9 :
Ngy son : 27/10/2010
5/11/2010

Ngy dy :T 1/11

Ton :
PHEP TR
I , Nhng kin thc cn nh
a , Biu thc a b = c
( a l s b tr , b l s tr , c la
hiu )
b , Cc tnh cht
- T/ C tr cho s 0
a0=a
- T/C s b tr bng s tr
aa =0
- T/c tr cho 1 tng
a(b+c)=abc
* Ch php tr ch thc hin c khi SBT ln hn hoc
bng ST
C, Tm thnh phn cha bit
x - b =c
a- x =c
x
= c + b ( Tm s b tr )
x = ac
( Tm s tr )
81

x
= d
x = d
* Mi quan h
- Hiu 2 s khng thay i nu ta cng thm ( hoc
bt ) SBT v ST i cng 1 s
t nhin
- Trong php tr nu thm (hoc bt )SBT bao nhiu
n v th hiu s tng ( hoc bt ) by nhiu n v
- Trong php tr nu thm (bt ) ST bao nhiu n
v th hiu s tng (gim ) by nhiu n v
- Hiu ca 2 s chn l 1 s chn
- Hiu ca 2 s l l 1so chn
- Hiu ca 1 s l vi 1 s chn l 1 s l
II Bi tp vn dng
- Bi 1: Khi tr 1s t nhin cho 11 do s xut mt hs t
php tnh nh sau
abcd
Em hy so snh hiu ng vi hiu sai ca
php tnh?
11
* Hng dn gii
Khi t php tnh nh trn th php tnh
tng ln 10 ln s tr
Ta c Hiu sai = SBT 11 x 10
Hiu ng = SBT -11
Vy s tr ca hiu sai tng thm
11 x10 11 =99
Vy hiu sai so vi hiu ng gim i
99 n v
b . Khi tr 1 STN cho 25 mt hs t tnh nh sau
abcde
Em hy so snh hiu sai vi hiu ng ?
25
* Hng dn gii
Khi t php tnh nh trn th s tr tng thm
100 ln
Ta c Hiu sai = SBT -25 x100
Hiu ng = ST 25
Vy s tr ca hiu sai tng thm 25 x100 25 =2475
Nn hiu sai so vi hiu dng gim i 2475 n
v
GV cho thm 1 s hs t lm
-Bi 2 : a , Hiu ca 2 s l 515 . Tm 2 s bit rng nu
ta gch b ch s 2 hng n v ca SBT th c s tr ?
Hng dn gii
82

Hiu ca 2 s l 515 . Nu ta gch b ch s 2 hng

n v ca SBT th c ST
Tc l SBT gp 10 ln ST v 2 n v
T heo bi ra ta c s
S tr
S b tr
Nhn vo s ta thy :
S tr l :
( 5718 2 ) : ( 10 1 ) = 57
S b tr l :
61 + 515 = 572
62 TL : 572 57 = 515
S tr l :
( 5718 2 ) : ( 10 1 ) = 57
S b tr l :
63 + 515 = 572
64 TL : 572 57 = 515
S :
S tr l 57
S b tr l
572
b , Hiu ca 2 s l 50 . Nu ta vit thm ch s 3 vo bn
phi ca SBT v gi nguyn s tr ta c hiu mi l 6228 . Tm
2 s ?
Hng dn gii
Nu ta gi nguyn s tr ta c hiu mi hn hiu c
chnh l SBT mi hn s BTC . Vy hiu mi l :
6228 510 = 5718 .
Nu ta vit thm ch s 3 vo bn phi ca SBT th
SBT ax tng ln 10 ln v 3 v .
T heo bi ra ta c s
S b tr c
S b tr mi
Nhn vo s ta thy :
S b tr l :
( 5718 3 ) : ( 10 1 ) = 635
S tr l :
637
- 510 = 572
638
TL : 572 57 = 125
83

S :
S tr l 125
S b tr l
635
-Bi 3 :
a , Hiu ca 2 s l 133 . Nu SBT cng vi s tr cng hiu th
ta c 432 . Tm php tr ?
Hng dn gii
T heo bi ra ta c :
S b tr - S tr = 133
S b tr + S tr + hiu = 432 :
( 5718 2 ) : ( 10 1 ) = 57
S b tr + s tr l :
433 - 133 = 299
S tr l 216 133 = 83
TL : 216 83 = 133
s :
B, Mt php tr c tng cc s : Hiu s , s b tr , s tr l 2006
. Hiu ln hn s tr 133 . Tm php tr ?
HDG :
T heo bi ra ta c :
Hiu s + S tr + S b tr = 2006
S b tr = S tr + hiu
= > S b tr + s b tr l = 2006
S b tr x 2 = 2006
S b tr x 2 = 2006
S b tr = 2006 : 2
S b tr = 1003
Tng ca hiu v s tr l :
2006 1003 = 1003
Hiu s l :
( 1003 + 113 ) : 2 = 565
S tr l :
1003 465 = 435
Ta c php b 1003 435 = 568
s :
-Bi 4 : Cho php tnh sau :
a, ( 2 + 4 + 6 + + 68 ) - ( 10 + 12 + + 50 )
= 253
b, ( 8 + 10 + 12 + + 100 ) - ( 11 + 13 + +
45 ) = 159
84

khng thc hin php tnh em hy cho bit kt qu ca

cc biu thc treendddungs hay sai ? V sao ?
HDG :
A, NX Ta thy s b tr l tng ca cc s chn . Nn s bi tr l
s chn .
S tr l tng ca cc s chn . Nn s tr l s chn .
Hiu 2 s chn l1 s chn .
M kt qu ca php tr l s l nn k / qu ny sai.
B, s b tr l tng ca cc s chn . Nn s b tr l s chn .
S tr c :
( 45 11 ) : 2 + 1 = 18 ( s )
Cc s hng trong s tr l s l , s cc s chn .Nn
tng ca ST l s chn .
Hiu ca 1 s chn v l 1 s chn l s chn . M kt
qu l . Vy bn tnh sai .
C , Nam lm 1 php tr c hiu l 1995 . Sau Nam cng cc
s : Hiu s + S tr + S b tr th c kt qu l 9999. Hi
Nam thc hin php tnh ng hay sai ? Ti sao ?
HDG :
T heo bi ra ta c :
S b tr - S tr = 1995
S b tr + S tr + hiu = 9999
V S b tr = s b tr + hiu nn
S b tr + S b tr = 9999
Hay S b tr x 2 = 9999
V tch 2 s bt k no cng l s chn m 9999 l s l
nn bn nam tnh sai .
Bi tp v nh :
Bi 1 : a , Hiu ca 2 s l 5856 . Nu ta gi nguyn s b tr
v xa ch s hng v ca ST th ta c hiu ca hai ch s
l 7662 . Tm 2 s ?
b , Hiu ca 2 s c 3 c/ s l 128 . Nu ta gi nguyn s b
tr v xa ch s hng trm ca ST th ta c hiu mi l
828 . Tm 2 s bit rng c / s hng v ca ST bng c/s
hng chc ca SBC v bng 5 .
c, Tm 2 s bit rng Nu thm vo s ln 12 v v gi
nguyn s b th ta c hiu ca chng bng 51 . Nu gp i
s b v gi nguyn s ln th ta c hiu bng 14 .
Bi 1 : a , Hiu ca 2 s l 105 . Nu ly TBC cng vi hiu , cng
vi s b tr th c 986 . Tm php tr ?
85

b, Mt php tr c tng cc s hiu, s b tr , s tr l

2468 .S tr ln hn hiu l 19 v . tm php tr ?
c, Tng s hiu, s b tr , s tr l 2004 . Hiu ln hn
s tr l 132 . tm php tr ?
-Bi 5 : a , Nm nay m hn con 25 tui . Hi sau 10 nm na
con km m bao nhiu tui ?
a , Nm nay m hn tng s tui ca c 2 con l 23
tui . Hi sau bao nhiu nm na tng s tui ca c 2 con s
bng tui m ?
Hng dn gii
a , Nm nay m hn con 25 tui . Sau 10 nm na m vn hn
con 25 ( v mi nm mi ngi tng 1 tui ) ?
Con km m 25 tui .
b , Hin ti m hn tng s tui ca c 2 con l 23 tui
. Tc l sau 1 nm m thm 1 tui th 2 con thm 2 tui ( Tc l
sau 1 nm m thm t hn 2 con 1 tui. ( 2 2 = 1 )
Vy sau 23 nm na( 23 : 1 = 23 ) tui ca c 2 con s
bng tui m .
Bi 6 : a , Hiu ca 2 s l 515 . Nu ta xa ch s 2 hng
v ca SBT th ta c ST . Tm 2 s ?
b , Hiu ca 2 s l 510 . Nu ta vit thm c/ s 2 vo bn phi
s b tr v gi nguyn
ST th ta c hiu mi l 6228 .
Tm 2 s ?
c, Tm 2 s c 3 c/ s bit rng s ln c c/ s tn cng l 1 .S
b c ch s hng chc l 6 Hiu ca 2 s bng 336 . Nu
gch b c/ s hng trm ca s b ta c hiu mi l 636 .
HDG :
: a , Nu ta xa ch s 2 hng v ca SBT th ta c ST c ngha l SBT gp 10 ln ST v 2 v .
T heo bi ra ta c s
S b tr c
S b tr mi
Nhn vo s ta thy :
S tr l :
( 515 2 ) : 9 = 57
S b tr l :
57 + 515 = 572
S :
S tr l
86

572

S b tr l
57
. b. Nu ta gi nguyn ST th ta c hiu mi hn hiu c bao
nhiu th SBT mi hn SBT c l by nhiu.
( Hiu l 6227 510 = 5717 )
Thm 3 vo bn phi SBT c th SBT c bng 10 ln SBT c
cng 3 v .
T heo bi ra ta c s
S b tr c
S b tr mi
Nhn vo s ta thy :
S b tr c l :
( 5717 2 ) : 9 = 635
S tr c l :
635 - 510 = 125.
c, Gch b c/ s x hng trm ca s b tc l bt s b i x
( trm ) v .
Vy x00 = 636 336 = 300 = > x = 3 .
Gi s ln l ab1
, s b l 36c . Ta c

ab1

36c
336

11- c = 6 = > c = 11 6 = 5
Khi
= 365 + 336 = 701 .
Hai s cho l 701 v 365.
Ns:

3/11/2010

ND : t 8/11-12/2010

tun 10 :

Cc bi ton v tm hai s
khi bit tng v hiu ca hai s .
Dng 1 : Cc bi ton v tng hiu dy s t nhin .
1 . Cch gii :
- Xc nh tng.
- Xc nh hiu
- Tm s ln = ( tng + hiu ).
- Tm s b = ( tng - s ln ).
* Lu : - Xc nh tng , hiu ca 2 s phi tm .
- V s .
- Tm mi s ?
87

-Bi 1 : a , Tng 2 s l l 112 . Tm 2 s ? bit gia chng c

6 s l na .
HDG :
A, C1 : hai s l lin tip hn km nhau 2 v .
Gia hai s l phi tm c 6 ch s l na . Nh vy c tt
c 8 s l vi 7 khong cch . Mi k /cch bng 2 v .
Hiu ca 2 s l phi tm l :
8 x 2 = 14
S l b l : ( 112 14 ) : 2 = 49
S l ln l : 49 + 14 = 63 .
Gia chng c 6 ch s l l 51, 53 , 55 , 57 . 59 , 61 .
S : 49 v 63.
C2 : Hai s l lin tip hn km nhau 2 v .
Gia hai s l phi tm c 6 ch s l na .
Nn ta c s :

Nhn v s ta thy :
Hiu ca 2 s l phi tm l :
9 x 2 = 14
S l b l : ( 112 14 ) : 2 = 49
S l ln l : 49 + 14 = 63 .
Gia chng c 6 ch s l l 51, 53 , 55 , 57 . 59 , 61 .
S : 49 v 63.
b , Tng 2 s chn l 84 . Tm 2 s ? bit gia chng c 6 s
l na .
HDG :
A, C1 : Hai s l lin tip hn km nhau 2 v .
Gia hai s l phi tm c 6 ch s l na . Nh vy gia 2
s chn phi tm c 5 s chn na . Vy c tt c 7 s chn vi
6 khong cch .
Hiu ca 2 s chn phi tm l :
6 x 2 = 12
S chn b l : ( 84 12 ) : 2 = 36
S l ln l : 36 + 12 = 48 .
Gia chng c 6 ch s l l 37 , 39 , 41 , 43 . 45 , 47 .
S : 36 v 48.
c , Tng 2 s chn l 136 . Tm 2 s ? bit gia chng c 4
s l na .
88

HDG :
- Tng t b hs t lm .
a , Tng 2 s l l 410 . Tm 2 s ? bit gia chng c 40 s
chn na .
HDG :
A, C1 : hai s l lin tip hn km nhau 2 v .
Gia hai s l phi tm c 40 ch s chn na . Nh vy
gia 2 s l phi tm s c 29 s chn na .Vy c tt c 31 s l
vi 30 khong cch ..
Hiu ca 2 s l phi tm l :
30x 2 = 60
S l b l : ( 410 60 ) : 2 = 175
S l ln l : 410 - 175 = 235 .
S : 175 v 235.
-Bi 2 , a, Tm 2 STN c tng bng 186 . Bit gia chng c 5 s
l .
HDG :
V tng ca 2 s TN l 1 s chn ( 186 ) nn 2 s phi tm l 2
s chn hoc 2 s l .
Tng hp : c 2 s u chn .
Hai s l lin tip hn km nhau 2 v .
: Hai s t nhin lin tip hn km nhau 1 v .
Gia hai s chn phi tm c 5 ch s l na .
Nn ta c s :
SC
Sl
sl
sl
sl
sc
sl
1

Nhn v s ta thy : Hiu ca 2 s l phi tm l :

4 x 2 + 1 x 2 = 10
S chn b l : ( 186 10 ) : 2 = 88
S chn ln l : 88 + 10 = 98 .
.
S : 88 v 98 .
C1 : Hai s l lin tip hn km nhau 2 v .
Gia hai s l phi tm c 5 ch s l na . . Vy c tt c
7 s chn vi 6 khong cch . Mi khong cch 2 v .
Hiu ca 2 s chn phi tm l :
89

6 x 2 = 12
S l b l : (1 86 12 ) : 2 = 87
S l ln l : 87 + 12 = 99 .
Gia chng c 6 ch s l l 89 , 91 , 93 , 95 . 97 .
S : 87 v 99.
B , Tm 2 STN c tng bng 3996 . Bit gia chng c 3 s chn
.
HDG : Hs t lm tng t a .
S : 1994 v 2002
2001 v 1995.
C , Tm 2 STN c tng bng S chn ln nht c 3 ch s . Bit
gia chng c 9 s l .
.
HDG :
S chn ln nht c 3 ch s l 999 .
V tng ca 2 s TN cn tm l 1 s chn ( 998 ) nn 2 s
phi tm l 2 s chn hoc 2 s l .
Tng hp : c 2 s u chn .
V 2 s phi tm l 2 s chn m gia chng c 9 s l . nh
vy gia 2 s phi tm s c 8 s chn .
Tnh c 2 s chn phi tm c tt c :
2 + 8 = 10 ( s chn
) vi 9 k / cch . Hai s chn lin tip hn km nhau 2 v .
Vy hiu ca 2 s l phi tm l :
2 x 9 = 18
S chn b l : ( 998 18 ) : 2 = 490
S chn ln l : 998 - 490 = 508 .
.
Trng hp 2 :
C1 : Hai s l lin tip hn km nhau 2 v .
Gia hai s l phi tm c 9 ch s l na . . Vy c tt c
11 s l vi 10 khong cch . Mi khong cch 2 v .
Hiu ca 2 s l phi tm l :
2 x 10 = 20
S l b l : (998 20 ) : 2 = 489
S l ln l : 998 - 489 = 509 .
S : 489 v 509.
90

-Bi 3 : a, Tm 2 STN c tng bng 289 . Bit gia chng c 6 s

l lin tip .
.
HDG :
S chn ln nht c 3 ch s l 999 .
V tng ca 2 s TN cn tm l 1 s l ( 289) nn 2 s phi
tm l 1 s chn hoc 1 s l .
Hai s t nhn lin tip hn km nhau 1 v
Hai s l lin tip hn km nhau 2 v .
Gia 1 s chn v 1 s l phi tm c 6 ch s l na . .
Vy c tt c 7 s l vi 6 khong cch . Mi khong cch 2 v .
Hiu ca 2 s l phi tm l :
6 x 2 + 1 = 13
S ln l : (289 + 13 ) : 2 = 151
S l ln l : 151 - 13 = 138 .
Gia chng c 6 ch s l l 139 , 141 , 143 , 145 . 147, 149 .
S : 151 v 138.
b, Tm 2 STN c tng bng 77 . Bit gia chng c 4 s chn
lin tip .
.
HDG :
V tng ca 2 s TN cn tm l 1 s l ( 77) nn 2 s
phi tm l 1 s chn hoc 1 s l .
Hai s t nhn lin tip hn km nhau 1 v
Hai s lchn lin tip hn km nhau 2 v .
Gia 1 s chn v 1 s l phi tm c 6 ch s chn
na . . Vy c tt c 5 s chn vi 4 khong cch . Mi khong
cch 2 v .
Hiu ca 2 s ln v s b phi tm l :
4 x2+1= 9
S ln l : (77 + 9 ) : 2 = 43
S b l : 43 - 9 = 34 .
Gia chng c 4 ch s chn l 36 , 38 , 40 , 42 .
S : 43 v 34.
c, Tm 2 STN c tng bng 458 . Bit gia chng c 7 s l lin
tip .
.
91

D, Tng 2 s l s l ln nht c 4 ch s . Tm 2 s . Bit gia

chng c 8 s chn lin tip .
-Bi 4 a, Cho s c 2 ch s m tng 2 c/ s ca n l 11 .Hiu
ca s vi cc c/ s ca n vit theo th t ngc lai l 27 . Tm
s c 2 c/ s cho ?
HDG :
C1 : Gi s c 2 c/ s phi tm l ab . Vit theo th t ngc li ta
c s ba ( k 0 < a , b < 10 )
Theo bi ra ta c
ab - ba = 27
a x 10 + b ( b x 10 + a ) = 27 ( CTS )
a x 10 + b b x 10 - a = 27 ( tr 1 s vi 1 tng )
ax9bx9
= 27
(ab)x 9
= 27
ab
= 27 : 9 = 3
M a + b =11.
Ta c a = ( 11 + 4 ) : 2 = 7
B=73=4
TL : 74 47 = 27 ( )
7 + 4 = 11 ( )
Vy s c 2 ch s phi tm l 74.
C2 : Gi s c 2 c/ s phi tm l ab . Vit theo th t ngc li ta
c s ba ( k 0 < a , b < 10 )
Theo bi ra ta c
a + b =11.
Ta c ab
ab
ba
ba
121
27
Ta c s :

ab

ba

S ab l
( ( 121 + 27 ) : 2 =74
TL : 74 47 = 27 ( )
7+ 4 = 11 ( )
Vy s c 2 ch s phi tm l 74.
b , Tm 1 s c 2 ch s . Bit ch s hng chc v ch s hng
n v hn km nhau 3 n v
ab
ba

92

*4*
HDG :
V tng ca s c 2 ch s l 1s c 3 ch
s nn ch s hng trm ca tng bng 1 v php
cng l php cng c nh
php cng l php cng c nh hng chc
.a + b + 1 = 14
.a + b = 14 - 1
a + b = 13
Theo bi ra ta c hiu 2 ch s hng v v hng chc l 3
( a + b = 3 hay b a = 3 )
Nu a b = 3 th a = ( 13 + 3 ) : 2 = 8
b= 13 8 = 5
Nu b a = 3 th b = ( 13 + 3 ) : 2 = 8
a = 13 8 = 5
T la 85 + 58 = 143 ( )
8 -5
= 3()
Vy SPT l 85 hoc 58.
c , Tm 2 s c tng l 71 . Bit rng nu ta ly s ln ghp
vo bn tri hoc bn phi s b ta c 2 s c 4 ch s
v hiu ca chng bng 2079 .
HDG :
Hs c bi nu y/ cu .
P/ tch y/ cu gii .
Hai s phi tm c tng l 71 v nu ta ly s ln ghp vo
bn tri hoc bn phi s b ta c 2 s c 4 ch s
Gi s ln l , ab
s b l cd
. K : a, c # 0 ; a , b,
c, d < 10
ab > cd
Nu ta ly s ln ghp vo bn tri hoc bn phi s b
ta c s abcd hoc cdab
Theo bi ra ta c :
V tng ca hai s bng 7171 v hiu bng 2079 .
Nn s ln phi tm l
( 7171 + 2079 ) = 4625 .
S b phi tm l :
4625 2079 = 2546 .
=>
= 25
ab = 46 v cd
TL
46 + 25 = 71
93

4625 2546 = 2079

Vy SPT l 46 v 25 .
d , Tm 2 s c tng l 78 . Bit rng nu ta ly s
b ghp vo bn tri hoc bn phi s ln ta c 4
ch s v hiu ca chng bng 594 .
HDG :
Hs lm bi TT c .
P/ tch y/ cu gii .
Gi s lc hai ch s phi tm l ab . Vit ngc li ta c s
ba (. K : a, c # 0 ; a , b, b > a ; a, b < 10 )
Nu ta i v tr 2 c/ s th s tng 18 v .
Theo bi ra ta c :
a + b = 12 .
Nn
S ab
l
( 132 18 ) : 2 = 57
S ba l :
132 57 = 75 .
TL
57 + 75 = 132 ( )
7 + 5 = 12 ( )
Vy SPT l 57 .
g , Tm 2 s c tng l 78 . Bit rng nu ta ly s ln ghp
vo bn tri hoc bn phi s b ta c s c 4 ch s
v hiu ca chng bng 594 .
HDG :
Hs c bi nu y/ cu .
P/ tch y/ cu gii .GV cha .
h , Cho 2 s t nhin c tng l 54 . Bit rng nu ta ly s
nh ghp vo bn tri hoc bn phi s ln ta c 4
ch s v hiu ca chng bng 1386 . Tm 2 s
cho ?
HDG :
Hs lm bi TT c .
P/ tch y/ cu gii .
K , Cho 1 s c 2 ch s . Tng 2 c/ s l 10 . Bit rng nu
ta i ch 2 ch s cho nhau th s b gim i 36 v ?
HDG :
Hs lm bi TT c .
P/ tch y/ cu gii .
94

L,

ab + ba = 132

Bit a b = 4 . Tm ab

HDG
Theo u bi :
ab + ba = 132
a x 10 + b + b x 10 +a = 132
a x 11 + b x 11 = 132
a +b = 132 : 11
a + b = 12
M a b = 4
= > a = ( 12 + 4 ) : 2 = 8
B=84=4
TL
84 + 48 = 132 ( )
8 4 = 4 ( )
VY S PHI TM L 84 .
BI 5
a , Tm 1 s c 2 ch s . Bit ch s hng chc v ch
s hng n v hn km nhau 3 n v v c php tnh
ab
ba

?4?
b , Tm 1 s c 2 ch s . Bit Tng cc ch s ca n l 13.v
c php tnh
ab
ba

45
HDG :
V tng ca s c 3ch s mi s hng c 2 ch s
A, Ta c
chc chn ch s hng trm ca tng
phi l 1 ch s .
=> Php cng hng chc a + b = 14 c nh
Vy b + a = 13 ( hng v )
M a b = 3
= > a = ( 13 + 3 ) : 2 = 8
B=83=5
T la 85 + 58 = 143 ( )
8 -5
= 3()
Vy SPT l 85 hoc 58.
95

Bi 6
Cho 1 s c 3 c/ s . Nu ta vit theo th t ngc li s b
gim i 99 v . Bit tng 3 ch s = 14 v ch s hng chc
bng tng c/ s hng trm v hng v . Tm s cho ?
HDG :
Hs c bi nu y/ cu .
P/ tch y/ cu gii .
Gi s phi tm l abc . K : a, c # 0 ; a , b, c, d < 10
Vit theo th t ngc li ta c s cba
Theo bi ra ta c :
abc - cba = 99
a + b + c = 14 m b = a + c= 14 : 2 = 7
= > abc + cba = 847
Vy abc = ( 847 + 99 ) : 2b = 473
TL 473 374 = 99
5 + 7 + 3 = 14
Vy SPT l 473.

Tun 11: luyn ton tm hai s khi bit tng

v hiu.
96

Dng 2 : cc bi ton tng hiu di dng gii ton c li vn

Bi 1
A H v Nam c tng cng 64 vin bi . Bit rng nu H

cho
nam 8 vin bi th s bi ca 2 bn bng nhau . Hi mi bn c bao
nhiu vin bi ?
b , Hai thng cha 40 lt du . nu ly 5 l thng th nht
sang thng th hai th s du 2 thng bng nhau . Hi mi
thng c bao nhiu l du ?
c , Hai lp 4 A v 4 b mua tt c 86 quyn sch ton . nu
lp 4 a chuyn cho 4 b 7 quyn sch v lp 4 b tr li lp 4 a 1
quyn th 2 lp c s sch bng nhau . Hi lc u mi lp c bao
nhiu quyn sch .
HDG :
A, C1 : Khi H cho Nam 8 vin bi th tng s bi ca 2 bn
khng i .
Theo bi ra ta c s
Nam
H
Nhn vo s ta thy :
Lc u H hn Nam s vin l :
8 + 8 = 16 ( v )
Lc u s vin ca H l :
( 64 + 16 ) : 2 = 40 ( v )
Lc u s vin ca Nam l :
40 16 = 24 ( v )
s : H : 40 ( v )
Nam : 24 ( v )
C2 : Nu H cho Nam 8 vin bi th tng s bi ca 2
bn khng i .
Lc sau s vin ca mi bn l :
64 : 2 = 32( v )
Lc u s vin ca H l :
32 + 8 = 40 ( v )
Lc u s vin ca Nam l :
32 - 8 = 24 ( v )
s : H : 40 ( v )
Nam : 24 ( v )
b , c hs t lm .
Gv cha bi nhn xt .
97

Bi 2
A ,Hai thng cha tng cng 82 lt du . Bit rng nu chuyn
8 l thng th nht sang thng th hai th s du thng th
nht nhiu hn s du thng th hai l 10 l du . hi lc u
ma . Hi mi thng c bao nhiu l du ?
B , Nam v bc c 46 nhan v . Nu Nam cho Bc 5 nhn v th
Nam cn nhiu hn Bc 5 nhn v th Nam cn nhiu hn Bc
14 nhn v .
Hi mi bn c bao nhiu nhn v ?
C ,Hai thng ca hng c 398 lt nc mm ng trong 2 thng .
Nu chuyn 50 l t thng th th nht sang thng th hai th
s l nc mm thng th hai li hn thng th nht l 16 l . Hi
mi thng c bao nhiu l nc mm ?
D, hng v Quang c tng cng 45 vin bi . Nu Hng c thm 5
vin bi th Hng c hn Quang 14 vin bi. Hi mi bn c bao nhiu
vin bi ?
HDG :
A, Sau khi chuyn 8 l t thng thues nht sang thng thu
2 th thugnf tha nht cn nhiu hn thng th 2 l 10 l du v
tng s du 2 thng vn khng i .
Theo ba ra ta c s
Thung 1
Thng 2
Nhn vo s ta thy
Lc u thng 1 hn thng 2 l :
9 + 10 + 8 = 26 ( l )
Lc u thng 1 cha l :
( 82 + 26 ) : 2 = 54 ( l )
Lc u thng 2 cha l :
54 26 = 28 ( l )
S : T1 : 54L : T2 : 28 L.
Y b . HS t lm gv cha .
C, Nu chuyn 50 l t thng th th nht sang thng th hai
th tng s du 2 thng khng i .
Ta c s lc sau :
T1
T2
S du T1 c lc sau l :
( 398 16 ) :2 = 191 L
S du T1 c lc u l :
191 + 50 = 241 L
98

S du T2 c lc u l :
398 241 = 157 L
`
S ;
Gi hs lm cch khc .
Bi 3 a, Hai ngn sch c tt c 132 quyn . Nu chuyn 12 quyn
sch ngn th nht sang ngn th hai v chuyn 7 quyn t ngn
2 sang ngn 1 th ngn th nht hn ngn th 2 l 14 quyn . Hi
mi ngn c bao nhiu quyn ?
B , An c 165 vin bi vo 2 ti . An ly ti phi cho
sang ti tri 1 s bi bng s bi ti tri .Sau li ly ti tri cho
sang ti phi 1 s bi bng s bi cn li ti phi . Lc ny s bi
ti phi hn ti tri 135 vin bi .Hi lc u mi ti c bao nhiu
vin bi ?
HDG :
A, . Nu chuyn 12 quyn sch ngn th nht sang
ngn th hai v chuyn 7 quyn t ngn 2 sang ngn 1 th tng
s sch hai ngn khng i
Ta c s lc sau
N1
N2
lc sau N1 c s sch l :
( 132 + 14 ) :2 = 73 ( quyn )
lc sau N1 c s sch l :
73 + 12 7 = 78 ( quyn )
lc sau N1 c s sch l :
132 - 78 = 54 ( quyn )
`
S : N1 73 ( quyn )
N2 54 ( quyn )
B , Lc cui cng tng s bi 2 ti vn l 165 vin .
Hiu s bi 2 ti l 135 vin
Lc cui s bi ti phi l :
( 165 + 135) : 2 = 150 ( vin )
S bi ti tri lc cui l :
165 150 = 15 ( vin )
Sau ln 1 ti phi c l :
150 : 2 = 75 ( vin )
Sau ln 1 ti tri c l :
90 : 2 = 45 ( vin )
Lc u ti phi c l :
99

165 45 = 120 ( vin )

S : ti tri c l :45 ( vin )
ti phi c l :120 ( vin )

Bi 4 ;
A, Lp 4 A v lp 4 B tham gia trng cy . Lp 4 A trng nhiu hn
lp 4 B l 8 cy . Nu 4A trng thm 10 cy , 4B trng thm 8 cy
th c 2 lp trng c 200 cy . Hi mi lp trng c bao nhiu
cy ?
B , Hai cng nhn 1 tun sn xut c 155 sn phm . nu ngy
th nht sn xut them 8 sn phm v ngy th 2 thm 17 sn
phm th s sn phm 2 ngy bng nhau
Hi trong 1 tun mi ngy sn xut c bao nhiu sn
phm.
C , Lan v Hu c tng cng 85000 . Lan mua v ht 10000 ,
mua cp sch ht 18000 . Hu mua sch ht 25000 , mua
bt ht 12000 . Sau khi mua s tin cn li ca 2 bn bng
nhau . Hi mi bn c bao nhiu tin ?
D , Hai b cha tt c 5000 l nc . Ngi ta m vi ly nc ra mi
pht b th nht 25 l b th 2 35 l . sau na gi th ng vi li
khi s nc cn li 2 b bng nhau . Hi lc u mi b cha
bao nhiu l nc ?
HDG :
A, Nu 4A trng thm 10 cy , 4B trng thm 8 cy th c 2 lp
trng c 200 cy .
Vy lc u c 2 lp thc trng c :
200 8 10 = 182 ( cy )
Ta c s lc u :
Lp 4 A
Lp 4 B
Nhn vo s ta thy :
S cy Lp 4 A thc trng l :
( 182 + 8 ) : 2 = 95 9 ( cy )
S cy Lp 4 B thc trng l :
( 182 - 8 ) : 2 = 87 ( cy ))
S : 4 A :95 9 ( cy )
4 B : 87 ( cy )
- b , c hs t lm .
D, i na gi = 30 pht .
100

S nc cn li hai b bng nhau nhuwvaayj hiu s nc 2 b

khng i .
Hiu s nc b 2 hn b 1 l :
( 35 25 ) x 30 = 300 ( l )
Tng s nc lc u 2 b l 5000 l
Vy lng nc lc u b 1 l
( 500 300 ) : 2 = 2350 ( l )
lng nc lc u b 2 l
2350 + 300 = 2650 ( l )
S : b1 :2350 ( l )
B2 : 2650 ( l )
B6 :
A, Hai lp 4 A v lp 4 B trng c mt s cy .Bit TBC s cy 2
lp l 235 cy .. Nu 4A trng thm 80 cy , 4B trng thm 40 cy
th s cy 2 lp trng c bng nhau . Tnh s cy mi lp trng
c ?
B , Mc lng tb ca b v m c lnh l 1.200000 / 1 thng .
Nu thng ny b c thng 100.000 v m c thng 300000
th s tin c lnh thng ny ca b v m = nhau .
Hy tnh lng thng ca mi ngi ?
C, Ba r c tt c 180 qu cam . Nu chuyn 12 qu t rn th
nht sang r th 2 .
Nu chuyn 18 qu t r th 2 sang r th 3 v 9 qu t r th
ba sang r th 1thif s cam mi r lc ny bng nhau . Tnh s
cam lc u mi r ?
D, Hai r cam nh Na va thu hoch c tt c 157 qu cam . Em
nht mt mi r 3 qu th s cam r th nht km s cam
r th 2 l 21 qu .
?. Tnh s cam lc u mi r ?
E , Bn Ha xp 331 quyn sch vo t 2ngan xp xong th
Mai em n 10 quyn sch na Ha lin xp vo ngn di lc
ny s sch ngn di t hn ngn trn 3 quyn Tnh s sch lc
u ca mi ngn ?
GV hng dn hc sinh lm bi cha bi
- Bi 7
a; Hai ngn sch c 335 quyn.Nu ly ra ngn th nht 15
quyn v thm vo ngn th 2 : 30 quyn th ngn 2 hn ngn 1
l 10 quyn
-Hi mi ngn c bao nhiu quyn?
- Hi phi cung bt i 1 s sch nh nhau c 2 ngn l bao
nhiu ngn th nht c s sch gp 2 ln ngn th 2 ?
101

2, Ba i cng nhn sa c 7210 m ng .i 1 sa hn i 2

l 1700 m . Hi mi i sa c bao nhiu m ng ?
3 , Bn ngn sch c 216 quyn.Nu thm vo ngn th hai 6
quyn v bt ngn th 1 6 quyn th s sch 2 ngn bng nhau .
- Ngn th ba c s sch km ngn th nht 8 quyn . Ngn
th 4 bng ngn th 2 .
-Hi mi ngn c bao nhiu quyn?
Hs lm - gv cha bi
Tun 12 : Ton dng 3 :
Cc dng ton v chu vi din tch ca hnh vung v
hnh ch nht di dng tng v hiu .
I , Cc bc gii :
- Tm tng tc l tm na chu vi .
- Xc nh hiu v v ssow biu th .
- Tm chiu rng , chiu di theo cng thc tm s b
s ln.
- Tm din tch .
II , Bi tp a, Mt hnh vung c cnh di 15 cm . Mt hnh ch
nht c chu vi bng hnh vung v chiu di hn chiu rng 4
cm .
Tnh din tch hnh ch nht ?
HDG :
HS c bi nu yu cu
? bi ton cho bit g ? cn tm g ?
Gii
Chu vi hnh vung bng chu vi hnh ch nht l :
15 x 4 = 60 ( cm
Na chu vi hnh ch nht l :
60 : 2 = 30 ( cm )
Chiu di hnh ch nht l :
( 30 + 4 ) : 2 = 17 ( cm )
Chiu rng hnh ch nht l :
17 4 = 13 ( cm )
Din tch hnh ch nht l :
17 x 13 = 221( cm )
S : 221( cm )
2

b, Mt khu vn hnh ch nht c chu vi 86m . Nu tng chiu

rng 7 m th tr thng hnh vung.
Tnh din tch khu vn ?
102

HDG :
C1 :

HS c bi nu yu cu
Na chu vi hnh ch nht l
84 : 2 = 43 ( m )
Theo bi ra ta c s
CR
CD

Nhn vo s ta thy
Chiu di hn chiu rng 7 m .
15 x 4 = 60 ( cm
Chiu di khu vn l :
( 43 + 7 ) : 2 = 25 ( m )
Chiu rng khu vn l :
25 7 = 18 (m )
Din tch khu vn l :
25 x 18 = 450( m )
S : 450( m )
C2 :
Hs tnh cnh hnh vung hay chiu di .
Tnh chiu rng
Tnh din tch .
C, Mt hnh ch nht c chu vi l 51 m . Nu ct chiu di i
25dm , thm vo chiu rng 25 dm th tr thnh hnh vung .
Tnh din tch hnh ch nht.
HDG :
i 54 m = 540 dm
Na chu vi hnh ch nht l :
540 : 2 = 270 ( m )
Theo bi ra ta c s :
CR
CD
Nhn vo s ta thy chiu di hn chiu rng l
25 + 25 = 50 ( dm )
Chiu di mnh t l :
( 270 + 50 ) : 2 = 160 ( dm )
Chiu rng mnh t l :
160 50 = 110 ( dm )
Din tch mnh t l :
160 x 110 = 176 00 ( dm )
i 176 00 dm = 176 m
S : 176 ( m )
2

103

Bi 3 a, Mt hnh ch nht c chu vi l 302 cm . Nu ct chiu

di i 25dm , thm vo chiu rng 25 dm th tr thnh hnh
vung .
Tnh din tch hnh ch nht.

104

105

106