Professional Documents
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The Enrico Mattei Model For The Defense of Italy
The Enrico Mattei Model For The Defense of Italy
plans for
1orid government
must
be
stopped
cse
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3
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From the Editor
As we go to press on June 4, the Schiller Institute of Helga Zepp
LaRouche has convened in Bonn, Germany an interational confer
ence dedicated to the theme of "ensuring lasting peace in Europe,"
The conference will address head-on the fact that the cruel Serbian
war of aggression against Bosnia and its other neihbors is occurring
in the heart of Europe, and that European civilization is at stake in
that war, The failure to date of wester goverments to respond
adequately to this atrocity in an area formerly under communist rule
carries a grim augury for the rest of Europe and the world.
One European nation, Italy, is feeling the effects of the break
down in a most violent manner. Our cover photograph evokes a
familiar image of Italy's universal contributions. This view of Flore
nce is dominated by the great monuments of the 15th- and 16th
century Renaissance. At the photo's center, in front of the battle
ments and high tower of Palazzo Vecchio, run the two long parallel
wings of the U-shaped building known as the Ufzi. Once the ofces
(ugzi)of the Medici ducal goverment, and today a world-renowned
a gallery, the Ufzi was ripped by a car-bom on May 26 which
killed fve people, ravaged numerous works of a, and nearly blew
up some of the greatest Renaisance pictures.
Florence Cathedral's dome, which soars over this vista, was a
technical and economic feat as well as an artistic one, erected in
1420-36 by architect Filippo Brunelleschi, who set out to unseat the
stifing power of the trade guilds by unleashing skilled labor under
the guidance of his irreverent genius. The mathematical secrets
which had been the exclusive property of the guilds he transformed
into the basis of a future industrial revolution.
Italian industrialist Enrico Mattei, the subject of our cover lca-
turc, set out to continue what Brunelleschi and his co-thinkers had
begun-to overtur the oligarchy's privileges and lay the basis for
rapid industrial growth which would unleash the latent energies of
vast sectors of the population previously oppressed by poverty.
While less familiar than the Florentine skyline, the massive pipelines
and refneries of Enrico Mattei's ENI are equally essential to Italy's
identity as a nation, and equally the target of the recent, freemasonic
inspired attacks.
'L0UtUU
OOKS
42 Yale historian yearns for
malthusian millennium
Preparing for the Twent-First
Centur, by lauI Kcnncdy.
47 Conquering autism wins a
crucial victory for the
human spirit
Nobody Nowhere: The
Extraordinar Autobiography of an
Autistic, by OOnna WIIams.
Photo and graphic credits: LOvcr,
LlKN5/LIaudaAnns . lagcs 15,
17,21,25,35, LlKN5. lagc24,
LNl. lagc44, NA5A. lagcs 54,
56, 57, LlKN5/lhIpLIanOwsky.
LcQBIlUcDlS
39 Report from Rio
lndgcnOusaclvsmOnlhcrsc.
64 Editorial
nlcrrOr.
tCODOU1CS
4 Behind Poland's
government crisis: Soros
and theIMF
5ncclhclaII Ol lhccOmmuntslstn
1989, lhclOIshgOvcmmcnl` s
ccOnOmtcprOgramhaslOIIOwcda
bIucprtnlprOvdcd byNcw YOrk
hnanccr cOrgc5OrOs-IcadtnglO
ullcrdsaslcr.
6 LaRouche featured in
Rusian journal
1hcjOumaIOllhccdcraltOnOl
lndcpcndcnl1radcLntOnsOl
KuacantcsanarlcIcbylrOl.
1ar8s Muranvsky, WhO ts
LyndOnLaKOuchc?`
7 The cultural meaning of the
'derivatives' market
LOmmcnls lrOmLyndOn
LaKOuchc.
8 Only one way out of Bonn's
debt plight
9 Currency Rates
10 New economic plan
cOpounds Iran's woes
11 Agriculture
bOvnc lubcrcuIOssrcappcars .
12 Business Briefs
tc8Lu1c
Aorence. Italy. where 0 ideal of the Necessity of
Progress was enshrined in the 15th-century Renais
sance: "Whoever stands still. dos not honor freedom
and does not do justice." industialist Enrico Mattei
said here in 1961.
14 Enrico Mattei, a historical
model for today's crisis
1hc IhtntcIh anntvcrsmyOlIhc
uagtc dcaIhOlLnrtcO MaIIct, Ihc
lOundcrOllIaIy`s naItOnaI
hydrOcarbOnscOmpanyLNl, was
markcdbyantnIcmaItOnaI
cOnlcrcncctnMtIan. 1hcItmchas
cOmcIOOpcnIhcMaIIcthIc,lOrIhc
sakcOl lIaIy`sluIurc!
16 Mattei and the rebirth of
Italy
bylaOIO VtIaIt OlIhc5chtIIcr
lnsItIuIc.
19 Is Italy still worthy of
giants like Mattei?
by Or. MarccIIO LOItIIt, Ihc
dtrccIOrOlLcOlucI (LNl) andIhc
auIhOrOlbOOks abOuIOtI and
LnrtcOMaIIct .
23 The strategic stakes in
Mattei's fght
by NtcO lcnOnc, auIhOrOlIhc
bOOkMatei. il nemico italiano
(Mattei. the Italian Enemy).
26 Thirty years later: Who
killed Mattei?
by KallacIcMOrtnt, AssOctaItOnOl
LhrtsItan larItsans, lavta, lIaIy.
HLcM8LOH8
28 Assassination of cardinal
sends a bloody message
LardtnaI!uan!cs0slOsadas
campOOlMcxtcOwasgunncd
dOwntnuadaIajara.1hc5aItnas
gOvcmmcnIsayshcwascaughItn
IhccrOss-hrctnashOOIOuIbydrug
Iralhckcrs,Ihc MasOns sayIhcyhad
nOIhtngIOdOwtIhtI. NObOdy
bcItcvcs ctIhcrOlIhcm,lOrgOOd
rcasOn.
31 Bombing in Florence: a
terrorist attack against the
Renaissance
1hcaIIackOnIhc Ulhztmuscum
wasatmcdaIIhcvcryhcarIOl
lIaIy`stdcnItIyas anaItOn.
33 Ukraine is becoming a
rudderless nation
35 Kosova asks U.S. to
prevent 'genocide'
AnOpcnIcIIcrIO lrcstdcnIbtII
LItnIOnhOmKOsOvanlrtmc
MtntsIcrandOrctgn MtntsIcrOr.
bujarbukOsht .
37 Drug legalization again on
the agenda in Colombia
40 International Intelligence
Volue 20. Nuber 23. Je 11. 1993
N8LOH8
50 Is the 'Tarnof dotrine'
now U.S. trategic policy?
UndcrsccrcIyOl5IaIclOrlOItItcaI
AHatrslcIcr1amOHscIOHasIOrm
OlcOnIrOvcrsy wtIh hts dcscrtpItOn
Ola U. 5. pOItcyOldtscngagcmcnI
hOmwOrIdIcadcrshtp
rcspOnstbtItItcs .
52 Senate Republicans ofer
bill to end Bosnia embargo
53 Jury convicts a kidnapper
for hire
aIcn KcIIy, a cOnIracI ktdnappr
assOctaIcdwlIhIhc LuII Awarcncss
NcIwOrk(LAN), tsnOwlactnga
IcngIhy prtsOn scnIcncc.
55 Marian Anderson tribute
in capital sparking a
Classical renaissance
AnOvcrBOwaudtcncc camc IOpay
IrtbuIcIOIhcvOtcc OlIhc
ccnIury. `
58 New San Francisco ADL
spy indictments expected
soon
60 Congressional Closeup
62 Nationailews
'`ECouomC8
Behind Polad's _rCDI
crisis: Soros ad UCL
by Fank Hahn and William Engdahl
How is it possible that an electrician, who became President
through an unusual set of circumstances , could bring an en
tire nation to the brink of disaster? And what is he doing it
for? For a Mercedes 600, a night in bed with the queen, or
only for a promise to be invited to Henry Kissinger' s 80th
birthday, ten years from now?
Lech Walesa, who was hailed as a freedom fghter during
the 1 980s , has now quietly led a second "revolution" in Po
land, making himself the dictator. Over the weekend of May
29-3 1 , the goverment of Prime Minister Hanna Suchocka
lost a parliamentary vote of no confdence, only to be tempo
rarily reinstated by Walesa, who simultaneously dissolved
the Parliament, pending new elections in September.
Walesa' s dissolution of the Parliament is part of a coher
ent strategy on the part of himself and his foreign fnancial
backers . A series of wage strikes by public teachers and
hospital workers during May, led by the goverment-linked
Solidamosc union, was used to create the staged crisis and
to give Walesa the pretext to impose an interim "rule by
decree" under Suchocka. Informed Polish sources expect that
this interregnum without parliamentary opposition will be
used to force through the privatization of state enterprises on
a massive scale, which until now has been politically risky
for the goverment . The period around Jul y, when the gov
erment' s new value-added tax on all sectors of the economy
goes into effect , will be critical , as many state sector frms
will become de facto bankrupt through the added tax burden,
while the goverment has exempted privatized frms from
taxation for periods up to fve years .
The imposition of such dictatorial "rule by decree" in
Poland, is to be the model for the rest of easter Europe and
Russia.
Walesa himself is just acting as a pawn, an instrument in
4 Economics
the hands of those who want to destroy Poland fom outside.
Such forces include:
"Project Democracy, " those friends of Oliver Norh,
who specialize not only in e ars-for-drugs trade (Iran
Contra), but have also becoe "expers" in the destabil iza
tion of regions and nations . These circles play an infuential
role in the privatization of Pol ish industr-as , for example,
the case of Rober Polland, who founded the U.S.-Polish
Business Foundation. He cones from "Project Demoracy"
circles and has been trying fr months to el iminate a lage
chunk of Polish shipbuilding trough prvat ization.
George Soros , that big fsh among the fnancial sharks ,
who last year not only made pure proft of $280 mill ion by
speculation against the Italian l ira, but also was rspns ible
for wrecking the European M6netary System, pocketing be
tween $ 1 and $2 billion in the process (see EIR, Feb. 5 , 1 993,
"The Spreading Web of Geoqe Soros"). Soros is demanding
the destruction of industry ir easter Europe, and also in
Russia. The unemployed there a puroredly able to get
along on $6 per month, and is money can supposedly be
easily scratched together in the form chaity from the West
that , in essence, is the so-cal l ed Soros Plan. Soros is the real
brains behind the so-called "Pol ish model" of shock therapy,
which he introduced back in | 988 with communist gover
ment leader Mieczyslaw Rakowski . The diry work of putting
this program into action, whereby Poland' s l iving standad
was cut in half, was left by the communists to the gover
ments of the post-communist era, staring with Tadeusz Ma-
zowiecki in 1 989.
'
The deindustrializationiof Poland
The entire course of Pol i h economic pol icy s ince the
1 989 power-sharing agreement of the so-called Roundtable
EIR June 11, 1993
Talks between the communist regime and the opposition has
followed a blueprint outlined by Soros . According to knowl
edgeable reports from Poland, Soros , through his Stefan Ba
torj Foundation in Warsaw, held secret talks with the commu
nist Rakowski goverment , together with the Solidarosc
"opposition. " The result was a plan for the privatization of
Polish state-owned enterprises . Under the plan, the gover
ment would set about to deliberately load state enterprises
with huge, unpayable debt , with l 00 or more levels of
interest, combined with added tax burdens . The "bankupt"
frms would then be put onto the interational auction block
to be sold for a small fraction of their true value to wester
investors , where there would be no restrictions on layoffs or
the breakup of companies .
In 1 989, Soros intduced his fend, Harar "shok thera
py" economist Jefy Sachs, t advise the Polish goverment,
in order to give the entire loting scheme the aura of crdibility
and economic "prfessionalism. " Subsequently, multinational
agencies including te Interational Monetary Fund (I and
te World Bank have ben brought in t fher this privatiza
tion scheme. World Bank offcials wer given fll access to the
most sensitive information on the entire Polish coal-mining
sector over the past two years, including wage levels, woring
. conditions, and the status of technology.
Now the IMF and World Bank are demanding, based
on this information, that the goverment shut down large
portions of proftable, high-quality coal mining, at the same
time that they are demanding "openness" from the gover
ment to foreign imports .
'Worse than Stalinism'
The core of the IMF-mandated shock therapy is privatiza
tion, which amounts to a mechanism for laundering drug
money and exploiting healthy enterprises in order to use the
speculative profts from that to prop up the wester fnancial
system. "In Poland, we call this 'thief' s steel , ' .. said an aide
to one senator, who had fought in the underground against
the communists .
Professor Balcerek from Warsaw, whom nobody could
accuse of sympathy with the communists , said it bluntly:
"The forced privatization is worse than Stalinism; Stalin at
least built something!"
In the coming months , a great blow is to be struck against
the still-existing state enterprises . If these businesses in the
areas of optics , electronics , airplane construction, steel , and
shipbuilding are liquidated in forced privatizations , then Po
land will effectively cease to exist as a nation.
An example from the coal industry: The Polish gover
ment has decided, at the behest of the IMF and World Bank,
to cut its coal exports in half in two to three years , to lay off
1 80, 000 workers , and to shut down 50-70mines-and even
to food some of them. Now Poland is beginning to import
coal from Australia, which is cheaper than transporting do
mestic pit coal from Silesia to the port at Gdansk!
EIR June 1 1 , 1 993
Careful observers of the Warsaw!situation point out that
the establishment of the "Walesa Ditatorship" is intended
to lead, in the next three to four monhs, to pushing through
the privatization program and the 4estruction of the coal
industry without any parliamentary o
p
position.
This is the context in which th strikes must be seen,
which W alesa' s pals at Solidamosc l atmched at the beginning
of May. The strikers did not put fotward any political de
mands , but were just seeking higher wages , which is unreal
istic without a fundamental change in economic policy. This
necessarily led to a confrontation wi th the goverment, and
eventually to its collapse. All of thi s was planned, in order
to push through the current dictator!hip. Now, Solidamosc
is threatening to call a general strike. The chairman of Sol
idamosc, Marian Krzaklewski , is anjoutspoken supporer of
the IMF.
The situation in Poland is particularly ominous in view
of the fact that the same tendency toward emergency rule can
be observed throughout easter Europe-especially Hungary
and Ukraine, as well as Russia itselfJ
It is also important to take into account that the desperate
economic situation in Silesia is being used by various groups
that are demanding either autonomy for Silesia, or direct
annexation to Germany. Trade unionists from the Silesia coal
mines are already talking about how: Silesia could become a
second Yugoslavia. Along with the threatened explosion in
Russia, a domino efect could occur, threatening to plunge
not only easter Europe, but also wester Europe, into a
maelstrom of violence and civil wat, as the destabilization
of Italy and Germany is rapidly escalating.
Policy alternatives discussed;
There are alteratives to this horror scenario. In Poland
itself, the independent trade union Sclidamosc 80, as well as
the "industry lobby, " are fghting fdr an economic program
based on construction projects . At .he end of May, the au
thors , representing the Schil ler Insti tute, addressed a confer
ence of Solidamosc 80 in the villag of Pogorzelica, on the
Baltic Sea.
Frank Hahn told the group that it will be necessary to
save Poland from outside, since it is being destroyed from
outside. He presented Lyndon LaRouche' s program for a
Eurasian economic recovery, centered around the concept of
a Paris-Berlin-Vienna Productive Trangle.
William Engdahl analyzed the! privatization program,
comparing it to that of the Margaret rhatcher goverment in
Britain, and showing what a disaste it has been wherever it
has been implemented. "In the Melican maquiladoras. " he
said, "30 textile companies went bankrupt, because of
cheap textile imports fom China!" In the United States , he
explained, the current economic cri sis was created by exactly
the same radical free-market ideology, which repudiated the
American System of political econCmy upon which the na
tion' s industrial strength was built .
Economics 5
Laouche featured
in Russia joura
by Rachel Douglas
The May-June |ssue of ProJsoyuzy i Ekonomika (Trade
Unions and Economics), the b|month|y ofthe Federat|on
oflndependentTradeUn|onsofRuss|a,carr|esahve-page
art|c|ebyProfessorT. Muran|vskyent|t|edWho|sLyndon
LaRouche!lnc|uded|nthepub||cat|on|sthetextofa|etter
sentbysevera|Moscowprofessors ,groupedaroundthe]our-
na| ,toPres|dentB|||C||nton`ssc|enceandtechno|ogyadv|s-
er, r. JohnG|bbons, |nwh|chtheyrequest apres|dent|a|
pardonofLaRouche.
ProJsoyuzy i Ekonomika c|rcu|atestonear|y50, 000read-
ers.ProfessorMuran|vsky|samemberof|tsed|tor|a|board.
Theart|c|eonLaRouche |ssubt|t|edHowanAmer|can
sc|ent|sta|ready|nthe l 9&0sproposedana|temat|vetothe
'free market. ` Muran|vsky quotes sources rang|ng from
Russ|an author A|eksandr So|zhen|tsyn to the Financial
Times ofLondon,onwhatad|sasterhascomefromreforms ,
w|th the goa| of trans|t|on to the so-ca||ed 'free market,`
|mposedonRuss|abyagroupoffore|gnexpertsunderthe
aeg|s ofthe lntemat|ona| Monetary Fund (lMF) . Today,
anybodywhoopposesthereformscarr|edoutsofar|sbrand-
edaconservat|veoranenemyofreform, saysMuran|vsky,
wh|chheca||sapure|yBo|shev|kapproach.
The LaRouche approach to economics
Anyreform|sbasedoncerta|ntheoret|ca|and|deo|og|-
ca|tenets, wr|tesMuran|vsky. Thetheoret|ca|bas|softhe
reformscarr|edout|nRuss|awasthe'freemarket`|deo|ogy
ofAdam Sm|th, |n |ts contemporary |nterpretat|on by the
Amer|canprofessorM||tonFr|edman.lt|spresentedtousas
theon|ytrueandtestedway. Butth|s|snotthecase. There
ex|st the econom|c researches ofthe Amer|can econom|st
LyndonLaRouche, wh|chbr|ng|nnewapproachestoeco-
nom|cs.
Muran|vskyc|testheLaRouchebook, ava||ab|e| nRus-
s|an, So, You Wish to Lear All About Economics?, and
the Sch|||erlnst|tute`s cr|t|ca| ana|ys|s of lMF po||c|es, as
sourcesfrom wh|chto|emabouttheLaRoucheapproach,
or phys|ca| economy. The so-ca||ed 'free market
economy,` he quotes the Sch|||erlnst|tutemater|a| , |s a
myth. lt neverex|sted anywhere, nor w||| |t. Th|s myth |s
usedforthepurpose ofdestab|||z|nganddestroy|ng sover-
e|gn states , |norder to tum the|reconom|es |nto a m|x of
specu|at|ve and cr|m|na| e|ements , dom|nated by fore|gn
compan|es , |nc|ud|ngthe|ntemat|ona|narcot|csmaha. By
6 Econom|cs
contrast , Muran|vskyarguesthatthenegat|ve,contrad|cto-
rySov|etexper|enceofcommndmanagementoftheecono-
mydoesnotmeanthattheeconomyneeds nomanagement
ata|| . Hec|testhepostwarrecoveryprogramsofGermany,
France, andJapan, asvar|at|onsonthethemeofphys|ca|
economy, wh|ch v|ews econom|c processes as |nseparab|e
fromtechno|og|ca|growthandthegrowthof|aborproduc-
t|v|ty.
Muran|vskynotes LaRouche`scommentsonthepnva-
t|zat|on ofthe water supp|y i Br|ta|n, one ofthe a||eged
successesofThatcher|sm, wh|h|edtoabreakdown|npub||c
san|tat|on,andthethreatofedem|cs .
Report|ng that the pres|dcnt ofthe Sch|||erlnst|tute |n
Germany, He|gaZepp-LaRouche, cons|dersherhusbanda
po||t|ca| pr|soner, Muran|vsky exp|a|ns why: Lyndon
LaRouchehasrunforPres|dentasan|ndependentemocrat.
. . . He severe|ycr|t|c|zedthc domest|c andfore|gnpo||cy
ofthe Reagan-Bushadm|n|stat|ons. Sch|||erlnst|tute spe-
c|a||sts expose the act|v|tyofthe lMF, as 'apo||cemanto
co||ect debts from Lat|n Amr|can countr|es , forthe U.S.
banks. `
Wh||ecourtdocumentsshowthatLaRouchewasforma|-
|ychargedw|thandconv|ctedofconsp|racy, forv|o|at|on
of hnanc|a| d|sc|p||ne, Muran|vsky wr|tes , ProJsoyuz i
Ekonomika ed|tor|a|boardmembershavereadthestatements
of LaRouche`s attomeys Ramsey C|ark, the former U. S.
attomey genera| , and Od|nAnderson, who see v|o|at|ons
ofhumanr|ghts. Headds, LaRouche`s|awyershavesub-
m|ttedtothefedera|courtapet|t|on|ongerthan l0pages,
w|th s|xvo|umesappendedofnew|yd|scovereddocuments ,
keptsecretdur|ngthe|nvest|gat|on.
Muran|vsky reports that froJsoyuzy i Ekonomik re-
ce|vedperm|ss|onto|nterv|eLaRouche|npr|son,andthat
theresu|t|ng|nterv|eww|||bepub||shed|nsubsequent|ssues
ofthe]ouma| .
Professors call for LaRQuches freedom
lnh|sart|c|e,ProfessorMran|vskya|so|nc|udesthefu||
textofa |etterontheLaRouche case, sentby agroupof
Russ|ansc|ent|stsandpub||cgurestor. JohnG|bbons,
U. S. Pres|dent B||| C||nton`sadv|seron sc|ence and tech-
no|ogy.
The |etterbeg|ns , ear o||eague. The wr|ters reca||
that dur|ng theyears oftota|tar|an|sm, many sc|ent|sts|n
ourcountrysuffered nofewuo]ustpersecut|ons , |mpr|son-
ment, and ex||e, among them r. Andre| Sakharov, |n
whosedefensemanysc|ent|stsfromyourcountryspokeout.
lt|scontrad|ctory, theprofessorssay, tohearthatthe
Un|tedStatessupportshumanr|ghts|ncountr|esa||overthe
wor|d, wh||e at the same t|me there are reports aboutthe
v|o|at|on ofthose r|ghts |n thc Un|ted States |tse|f, where
peop|ebeh|ndbars|nc|udesc|ent|stsandpub||chgurescon-
demnedbecauseofthe|rpo||t|c|conv|ct|ons . Forexamp|e,
the ent|re wor|dknows thatthe prom|nenteconom|stand
EIR June l l , l 993
pubIc hgurc, `0-ycar-oId Lyndon LaKoucbc, s n bs hHb
ycarolconhncmcnt nprson nKocbcstcr, Mnncsota, duc
tojudcaItyranny. `
1bcIcttcrcontraststbcoIhcaIvcrson, `tbatLaKoucbc
was guIty ol hnancaI nlractons , wtb tbc morc tban a
tbousandIawycrsandbundrcdsolparIamcntarans , `among
otbcrs , wbobavccondcmncdtbctraI as a voIatonoljus-
tcc, and advancc convncng lacts and argumcnts to sbow
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tybcwascondcmncdlorpoItcaIrcasons . `
1bc Kussan wrtcrs cxprcss tbcr lamIarty wtb
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Eonomist andplitl pisoner Lnn Laouche mae
the]0aw|agcomments on H23:
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414 4I1 4 SIS SI
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The British pound in dollars
New York lat aer n f
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New York lat aern flI
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Economics 9
New economic pla
compounds Ira's woes
by Adam K. East
In the 1 970s , the Shah promised a "new civilization" for the
Iranians . He envisioned Iran to be in the same class as the
so-called developed countries by the end of the century. But
due to the utter failure of his own economic policies and
subjected to the West ' s policy of "technological apartheid, "
the monarch was swept away in the violent storm of the
British Petroleum-sponsored Islamic Revolution.
Along came Ayatollah Khomeini and his "Islamic ideas . "
The clergy believed that the ideas of economic development ,
such as industrialization or the expansion of the oil industry,
were part of the "Great Satan' s" campaign aimed at destroy
ing their "Islamic Revolution. "
This resulted i n the mass exodus of thousands of profes
sionals such as doctors , engineers , and the intelligentsia. Iran
was taken back to the age of medieval barbarity. The hard
core Khomeini-ites also believed that "true Muslims" did not
need any luxuries such as furiture or refrigerators , which
resulted in the shutting down of factories and the loss of
thousands of jobs throughout the country. This is just a
glimpse of what the country' s economy went through during
the early phases of the revolution.
Shortly after, Iran fought a bloody and senseless war with
Iraq for eight years , which caused a loss to the economy of
$309 billion in the frst fve years alone. The highly destruc
tive war, which gutted the economies of both countries , was
run and sponsored at both ends by the masters of geopolitics
based in London and Washington.
Afer Khomeini' s death in 1 989, which weakened the
role of the hardliners in the goverment, Hashemi Rafsan
jani, known for his moderate views, was elected President .
By now the popUlation of the country was tired of the priva
tions of war and was reluctant to continue sacrifcing for the
"revolution. "
The new fve-year plan
Rafsanjani , in his attempt to reconstruct the economy,
which still had not recovered frm the ravages of the Islamic
Revolution and the devastation of the war with Iraq, an
nounced his frst fve-year economic development plan for
1 989-94. During this period Iran also announced its policy
of "economic reform" and "privatization. " But up to now,
the frst fve-year plan, which has loosened state control on
10 Economics
I
the economy, has failed miser.bly to reduce the countr' s
reliance on oi l revenue and ha$ not done much t o promote
industrial exports .
In its recently announced new fve-year plan, Teheran
has decided to press ahead with is free-market reforms which
aim to give the private sector aibigger role. Leaders in Iran
are failing to take notice of the estruction of the economies
of the easter European countri4s and the virtual social anar
chy which persists in those countries , as a result of their futile
attempts to remedy their econjmic ills by embracing the
wester-prescribed free-market reforms . The new plan,
which covers 1 994-99, containsihuge cuts in the civil service
and calls for reduction of subsies .
Under this plan, banks will be allowed to decide on loan
requests from the private or publ ic sector solely on technical
grounds , ending the existing poltcy of discrimination in favor
of state enterprises; the civil rvice will be reduced; the
goverment will continue sellinindustries ; fuel , electricity,
and water prices will rise gradpally; and subsidies will be
reduced.
The|atestoutbreakthathasveter|-
nary ep|dem|o|og|sts worr|ed |s |n
Kames County, Texas , hundreds of
m||es |n|and from E| Paso, wh|ch |s
ontheU. S. -Mex|canborder,andthe
s|teoftheon|yrecentser|ousoutbreak
|nTexas |nrecentt|mes . lnMay, &6
da|rycows|nKnesCountywered|-
agnosed w|th cobacterium bovis.
Howd|d|tgetre
TerryBea|s ,
execut|ved|rectorof
the Texas An|ma| Hea|th Comm|s-
s|on, stated, We |ntendto treatth|s
asaveryh|ghpnor|ty.Thed|seased
an|ma|sarepartofa|argerherdof250
cows ,wh|chhasbeenquarant|ned|n-
dehn|te|y. Stateauthor|t|eshavesent
|n two ep|demo|og|sts to Kames
Countytotrack downhowthe catt|e
mayhavebecome|nfected.
Last year, B
a|sexpresseda|am
aboutthe consequences of|mport|ng
potent|a||y |nfected Mex|can steers
|ntoTexas .
Someothertates, prev|ous|y||st-
edasfreeofbovnetubercu|os|s ,have
now been rec|ass|hed by the USA
becauseofnew outbreaks ofthed|s-
ease. Pr|or to Ianuary l 992, there
were40states||stedasfreeofbov|ne
TB,but|astyearNewYorkandPenn-
sy|van|a, both |ead|ng da|ry-produc-
|ngstates ,|osttatstatus .
Last year, the USA asked the
Nat|ona| Acadmy of Sc|ences to
study federa|erd|cat|onefforts , and
thereport|sdue forre|easeth|syear.
Econom|cs l l
BuslnessBdefs
Investment
Venezuelan industrialist
wants fous on production
Jorge Redmond, prsident of Corpoindustia,
the Venezuelan assoiation of large manufac
turers, called for focusing the credit system to
favor industry and production, in statements in
Caracas in late May. He called for "rformu
lating the fnancial system, since now the
banks absorb the deposits of the pUblic, and
don' t lend them out, because of high interest
rates. "
Redmond said that, "in fact, many banks
have ceased being fnancial intermediaries,
which has created distorion in the market, and
therefor I think the banks must rgain their
roots as lenders of money and not keep making
spculative investments with money that
dosn' t belong to them. "
The economy needs two things, he said,
"confdence and industry. Through the appli
cation of knowledge and technology, industry
emerges as the only tool that can provide op
prunity for growing employment. " He called
for investing in research and development in
dispnsable for the cration of new proucts in
the futur.
Development
German minister tells
Africa: no Marshall Plan
Concluding a four-day tour of West Afican
countries on May 22, German Foreign Minis
ter Klaus Kinkel said in Abidjan, Ivory Coast
that he saw "no chance for any such thing as a
Marshall Plan for Africa . . . because all in
dustrialized nations that would have to suppr
it, are faced with enough prblems of their
own. "
Kinel recommended that rather than
counting on help fom outside, the Africans
should develop on the basis of their own pten
tials . (Kinkel did not suggest that these nations
should break rlations with the Interational
Monetar Fund, but that would b their only
chance to mobilize their own resources . )
The Organization of African Unity (OAU)
has just reprted in this context that Afican
1 2 Econom|cs
states that have so far felt complled to main
tain themselves in good standing with the IMF,
have been brought into a dependency on for
eign aid that covers 50% and more of thei re
spctive national state budgets. This situation
is a form of neo-colonialism, the reprt
waed.
Labor
Union asks givebacks
to keep Northwest afoat
In a grim reminder of what happns to trade
union bargaining in a depression, the Intera
tional Brotherhood of Teamsters has asked the
9,0 fight attendants it represents among
Northwest Airline' s 45; 0employees to ac
cept $90 million in pay and vacation cuts over
the next three years as par of an attempt to keep
the company afoat. Ballots on approving the
agreement, negotiated by the mT and the air
line' s largest union, the Interational Assoia
tion of Machinists, were mailed out on May
27. All six of the airline' s unions must ratif
the deal for it to take efect.
Northwest Airlines has laid off over 3 ,0
workers and lost $9 billion during the last three
years. In retur for the union concessions, the
company would give them ownership of 30%
of the company and repay the lost wages in
stok at the end of 10 years-ifiC s still around.
Currency Trading
London bankers fear
revolt over speculation
"Forign exchange managers ought to b
basting of success" of multibillion-dollar
profts from curncy tading oprations "all
over London. But they are not. One rason is
that the bans are all to awar of the contempt
the public has for what are deemed to be the
profts of spculation. The danger is that the
central banks might haess the angr public
mood to try and regulate the market," the May
26 London Financial Times repored.
Corspndent James Blitz, in a survey of
foreign exchange, repats the Bank of England
fnding of last year, that 10 banks in the City of
London a;ounted for 43% of the $30 billion
dily forign exchange turover in Britain.
That mean$ that 10 London banks account for
18% ofthe$880 billion daily curncy tading
in the entir world.
Russi
Aerospace idustry to
propoe restructuring
|
The Russian aerospace and defense sector,
which inchdes rsearch laboratores as well d
industrial ptoduction facilities, will prpse to
Russian Prsident Boris Yeltsin that it b re
strctured,A viation Week reprted the week of
May 24. Aerospace unemployment in Russia
rivals that q the collapsing aerspace indust
in the Unid States.
In a bid to gaer more foreign contacts,
a numbr o the design bureaus will prpse
that there a consolidation of major facilities
on a regioral basis, and that business could
include "m<r formal use of the U. S. dolla. "
The plan hI been devised by Geran Zgai
nov, who heads the Cental Aer-Hydy
namics Institute, which is the world' s lagest
rsearch facility.
A viatiou Week also reported that Chinese
use of the iqstitute' s facilities is growing ver
fast and that the Russians are actively tying to
market thei aircraf in China.
Foreign Assistance
Japan to resume
yen loas to Iran
Japan is to Jsume yen loans of up to 38. 6 bil
lion yen ($360 million) to I, the frst such
loans since 1976, a Forign Ministr ofcial
said on Ma,29. The untied loans will car
an interest tate of 3% a year over a 25-yea
rpayment prio, with a grace priod of seven
years. Thefnds ar to b used to build a hydr
electric power station on the Karn River in
souther Iran.
In 199j Iran reversed a plicy of not br
rwing abrpd and began to seek foreign loans.
EIR June 1 1 , 1 993
That year Teheran fonally asked Tokyo for
billions of dollas in low-interst loans to build
a dam.
Japan' s decision to rsume lending comes
amid rprs that the Clinton administration is
demading that major trading paners with
Iran impse a crdit and expr boycott t pr
vent it fm "bcoming a substantial threat to
Wester intersts, " the May 27 Washington
Postrpored. According to administration of
fcials, the top priorties a efors t convince
China and Russia to cancel deals t pvide
Iran with weapns and nuclea ractors , and to
prsuade Japan, Genany, and Britain t cut
of loans.
This campaign could also b aimed at
weakening the Genan and Japanese econo
mies, espcially Genany, which is Iran ' s big
gest wester t paer. This plan is sug
gested by te Austalian Zionist Marin
Indyck, the senior dirctor for Middle East pl
icy for the National Security Council . Ac
cording to Indyck, if the United States fails in
its efors to moif "Iranian bhavior, " fve
yeas fm now "Iran will b much more capa
ble of psing a r tat to Israel and to west
er interests in the Middle East. " Indyck
fought for Israel in 1 973.
Trade
Russia, Uraine hurt by
colapse of maket
A main cause for the fast economic disintega
tion of Russia and Ukraine is the "collapse of
tditional tade relations" and the "complete
lack of new economic stuctures, " a reprt by
te Vienna-based Institute for Interational
Compaative Economic Studies (I,
which compas both foner Soviet rpublics ,
has concluded.
While Gross National Puct in 1 992
droppd by 1 9% in Russia and 15% in
Ukraine, investments in bth counties de
clined by mor than 40%. Russian infation ran
at 1 ,30- 1 , 70% or 15% of GNP, compared
with 1 ,60-2,0% or 40% of GNP in
Ukaine.
The key confict d btween the states
is the energy supply. This year, Russia will
produce less than 350 million tons of fel (393
million tons in 1 992), and exprs in the foner
EIR June l l , l 993
Soviet republics will fall fom 75 million tons
to less than 6 million tons . Since Russia ur
gently needs hard curency, supplies outside
the rble wne will b accounted in world mar
ket prices .
According to the w reprt, Ukraine
will have to spnd more than $10 billion for
Russian oil and natural gas . The main confict
of interest btween the two countries however
derives fom the fact that their bilateral trade
volume shrank to 50% of the 1989 level. Suc
cessfl economic rfons in Russia and
Ukraine depnd on stable political conditions ,
the reprt concludes, and therfor the eco
nomic crisis in both counties will be fher
aggravated in 1994.
Research and Development
NASA to join bio-industry
i fght against AIS
The National Aernautics and Space Adminis
tatioQ announced on May 17 that under an
agreement signed on April 26, it has teamed
up wit American Bio-Technologies, Inc. in
Massachusetts to do rseah to combat AIDS.
NASA scientists at the Marshall Space
Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama have de
velopd advanced X-ray crystallography tech
nology which is used on the Space Shuttle ma
terials-processing expriments which allow
lager samples of pure crystals to b prouced
in the microgravity of space. This emerging
technology of high-brilliance X-rays , access to
expriments on the Space Shuttle, and "novel
crystallization approaches, " will be made
available to the researchers at American Bio
Technologies . The company is the major
world supplier of rcombinant HIV proteins
and will prvide the NASA rsearchers with
such samples, and rlated rtroviruses, for
space exprimentation.
D. Daniel Carter, chief of the Biophysics
Branch of Marshall 's Space Science Laborato
r, explained: "We will use our unique capa
bilities to grow crystals of the proteins and then
use our analytical and computer-based techno
logies to attempt to detenine the accurate
three-dimensional stucturs of the biological
molecules . Our group previously detenined
the frst structur of a human antibdy which
rcognizes the AIDS virus. "
Ung
CAPITA investment needs for
U . S. waste-water treatment facilities
is $1 10. 6 billion, Robert L. Bowen,
vice chaina of the Municipal Utilit
ies Division pf the Asssociated Gen
eral Contractors of America, told a
House subcommittee on May I I . He
stated that every $ 1 billion so spent
creates nearly 50, 00 jobs .
ESTONIA is buying weapons
from Israel in order to enable the
country to "adopt NATO standards"
and end its dependency on "Russian
armaments , " Reuters reported on
May 25 . Israel has reportedly offered
Estonia a $50 million loan to buy au
tomatic pistQls and Stinger missiles
for its Any.
THE ISRAELI goverment, in a
frst step to privatizing its major
banks , on May 27 sold 20% of its
shares in Bank Hapoalim, the na
tion' s largest bank. Earlier in May it
approved sctural refons designed
to strengthen competition, reduce
banks ' contr!1 over other sectors , and
prevent conficts of interest in the
capital markt, Reuters reported.
MALAYIA has launched a
crackdown Cn illegal fnancial fu
tures-trading, ofcials of the coun
try' s new Securities Commission
said on May 29. Raids have been car
ried out agafst companies believed
to be involved in the trade, which
centers on futures in the Hong Kong
Stock Exchge' s Hang Seng Index.
THE AGOLAN goverment
has furher Iberalized the economy,
the state news agency Angop reports .
Central ba goveror Generoso de
Almeida has announced that foreign
currency to be used for imports will
now be sold ty commercial banks .
CHEVRON Corp. has an
nounced tha it will sell two refner
ies , in Philadelphia and Port Arthur,
Texas , and 150 service stations in I I
Midwest and Atlantic Coast states .
The plan is rojected to save $2 bil
lion in marketing and refning capital
investments over fve years . Both re
fneries are olrating in the black.
Econom|cs l 3
Ltcatu
LuDCOMm,
D5tODCumOdCl
OttOd'5CD55
by Nora Hamerman
Mark|ngtheth|rt|ethann|versaryofthetrag|cdeathofEnr|coMatte| , thefounder
oflta|y' s nat|ona| hydrocarbonscompanyENl , an|ntemat|ona| conferencewas
he|d |n M||an on Nov. 27, l 992, to commemorte the ||fe and work ofth|s
greatlta||an. ltwasorgan|zedbytheSch|||er-lnst|t
tofGermanyandExecutive
Intelligence Review, andratherthanmere|yevok|ngthepast, |ttookupvar|ous
aspectsofMatte|w|ththea|mof|dent|fy|ng|essonsfcrourownera.Thecha||enge
|nmora||tyandmethodwh|chvar|ousspeakersra|sedcou|dbesummedup|nthe
quest|on. Howwou|daperson ||keEnr|coMatte|haveacted|nthe face ofan
epoch-mak|ngcr|s|s||kethatcurrent|yshak|ngthe
_
or|d,andlta|y|npart|cu|ar!
Matte| ' s hght|ngsp|r|twasman|fest|naspeech
ttheopen|ngoftheacadem|c
yearattheSchoo|ofH|gherStud|esonHydrocarbons|necemberl 96l ,where
hesa|d. Wemustgetr|dofthe|nfer|or|tycomp|exthatlta||ansaregoodwr|ters ,
goodpoets , good s|ngers , goodgu|tar|sts , and hnepeop|e, buttheydon' thave
thecapac|tyforgreat|ndustr|a|organ|zat|on.
Wepresentbe|owexcerptsfromanlta||an-|anguagereportpub||shedbyEIR's
European am||ate, wh|chco||ectedthe speechesanddebates oftheconference,
aswe|| assomespeechesbyMatte| .TheM||anda||yI/Gioro coveredtheevent
w|ththree art|c|es. An art|c|e |nL' A vanti, the Soc|a||st Party paper, c|ted the
appea|ofSch|||er-lnst|tutpres|dentHe|gaZepp-LaRuche,thatthe|nvest|gat|on
|nto the Matte| case be opened, becausethetruthabouttheMatte|case w||| be
cruc|a|forbr|ng|nglta|youtof|tspresent||feandd
athcr|s|s .
ln the seven months s|nce, severa| events have comb|ned to make EIR' s
pub||cat|onofth|smater|a| espec|a||yt|me|y. lta|yhasbeen spun severa| more
ratchetsdownbytheassau|ton|ts sovere|gnpo||t|ca|andeconom|c|nst|tut|ons .
Noton|yhavemanyof |tsma]orpostwarpo||t|ca||eadersbeen|nd|ctedforcorrup-
t|on,buttheexasperatede|ectoratewasstampeded|ntoareferendumthatapproved
|nst|tut|ona| changes wh|ch w||| on|y speed up the takeover ofthe nat|on by
fore|gn,espec|a||yAng|o-Amer|can,|nterests .
l4 Feature EIR June l l , l 993
.
Nd6|
1
:1:
KcIatcdto tb s, ltaIy and many otbcr natons arc bcng sub-
jcctcdtoprcdatoryattacksbytbcntcmatonaIbanknglratcr-
nty undcr tbc banncr ol ndscrmnatc prvatzaton. 1bs
IootngsbcngpusbcdtbrougboutcastcmLuropcandlbcro-
Amcrca, as wcII as n ndustraIzcd natons I kc ltaI y,
lrancc,andLcrmany.EIR baspIaycdakcyroIcncataIyzng
rcsstancc to tbs n ltaIy, by pubIsbng an cxposc olbow
ltaIan bankcrs and poItcans consprcdaboardtbc Urtsb
royaI yacbtBritannia to scII oI!tbcnatonaI patrmony lor
hrc-saIcprccs-an cxposc wbcb bas bccnctcd by scvcraI
ltaIanpcrodcaIsandIcadngpoItcaIhgurcs .
Yct worIdwdc, many dclcndcrs oltbc statc scctor olna-
tonaI cconomcs d onIy mountng a lccbIc opposton, by
rcgucstngaslower ratcoltumngovcrpubIchrmstoprvatc
bands . 1bs s bccausc somc pubIc hrms, sucb as tbosc
undcr communst rcgmcs , wcrc so msmanagcd tbat tbcr
advocatcsarcat a Ioss todclcndtbcm, cspccaIIyntoday` s
pragmatst`cI matc. Hcrc,tbccxampIcol Nattc ` s hgbtlor
ltaIy` s cncrgy ndcpcndcncctbrougbanatonaIoIcompany
s a most uscluI modcI-a hgbt conductcd n tandcm wtb
tbcpoItcaI ndcpcndcnccstruggIcsolmany lormcrcoIonaI
natons , towbomNattccxtcndcdabandolcoopcraton.
5ncctbcrcccntouUagcous bombng attack nlIorcncc on
Nay Z, t sccms cspcaIIy rcIcvant to guotc hom Nattc ` s
spccb nlIorcnccontbcannvcrsaryolltaIanIbcratonhom
tbc Maz s, AprI Z, I v I . Hc sad tbcn, npar|. YoulIorcn-
tncs d rgbtIy proud oltbc gIorous wccks n wbcb, durng
l v4, mcbrdcrol taIyrcmancdontbcAmo. .
EIR !unc I l , I vvJ
.,.,,;g.,;ng ,h, ".1
slory behind Enrico
Mattei ' s lie and tragic
Jeath "will be crucial
for bringing Italy out of
i ' present lie and death
crisis, Helga Zepp
IRouche told a
rerence on Mattei in
Milan, on Nov. 2 7,
I p92 . From left: Helga
Zepp-LaRouche,
president ofthe Schiller
Irstitut in Germany; her
interpreter, Liliana
qelani; Paolo Vitali of
te Schiller-Institut;
ro
J
. Nico Perrone,
author ofa book on the
sassination ofMattei .
lorccd on !unc 4 tocvacuatc omc, n angry sIcncc,
bccausc tbc august prcscncc ol tbHcad ol Lbrstcndom
mpcdcdastrcnuousarmcdrcsstanc
'
c , tbc cncmycarrcdts
lcrocousragcnortbward, toscckancxtrcmcIncoldclcnsc,
wbcbwouIdsIowdowntbcstcadyarcboltbcrcguIarand
voIuntarylorccsolI bcraton.
enteqr|secou|deas||yhan-
d|e. Obv|ous|y, the|a|ssez-fa|bus|nessmanFa|ckadded,
pr|vateenterpr|se shou|dbeprotectedbythestatew|ths|g-
n|hcantcustomstar|ffs.ltcoubed|scussed, heconc|ud-
edh|sfar-s|ghted|ntervent|on,'whether30or40protec-
t|on shou|d be g|ven, but a count w|thout m|nera|s and
w|thoutcoa|cannotmake stee||thoutcustomsbamers.
l t |sawe||-knownfact, and wasknowna|ready| nl 95 l ,
beforethepowenu|econom|cacce|erat|onoflta|ystm|ng
|nthem|dd|eofthe l 950s , wh|chpeakedbetweenl 959and
l 962-63 , that lta|y produced 3 m||||on tons and even 8. 2
m||||ontons| nl 960,andthat| athem|dd|eof the l 960sthe
state-he|dcompanyF|ns|dera|oneproduced9 m||||ontons
and pr|vate enteqr|se 4 m||||on tons . G|ven the mu|t|p|e
years(4-5)neededtobu||d|argestee|p|antsw|thh|gh-tem-
peraturefumaces ,Fa|ck' s demaods ,|ftheyhadbeenadopted
bythegovemment ,wou|dhaverepnsentedafata|strang||ng
ofeconom|c reconstmct|on, w|th the rea| nsk that the so-
ca||edeconom|cm|rac|ewou|dneverhavebeenrea||zed.
Physics and economics
Thefar-s|ghtednessofthe Fa|cksofthatt|me|scompa-
rab|etothecommendat|onsoftoday' s fne-marketpund|ts.
The|r profound m|sunderstandmg |s to cons|der econom|c
deve|opmentofa nat|on as a hnearphenomenon, ||kethe
act|onatad|stancebetweens|ng|epart|c|es.anabsurd|ty|n
phys|csas|nphys|ca|economy.lnfactfmmphys|cswecan
useaconcept,thatofcr|t|ca|massorthresho|d,wh|cha||ows
us to exp|a|n phenomena such as that ofrap|d econom|c
deve|opment.There|sanunavoidab|enecess|tyforaconcen-
trat|on, a dens|ty, ofeconom|c act|v|t|es at a determ|ned,
h|ghtechno|og|ca| |eve|~andit |snotposs|b|etogobe|ow
th|s|norderfor aprocessofdeve|opmenttobespmked.
Th|s|swhathasbeenden|ed,eqec|a||y|nthethnedecades
thatseparateusfromthedeathofMatte| ,totheTh|mWor|d
countr|es , andthefewexcept|ons , suchasTa|wanorSouth
Korea,wh|ch|nanycaseweremode|edonJapanmonthan
on the Ang|o-Amer|can pattem, a ]ust further conhma-
t|onsofwhatlamdescr|b|ng.
The Matte| concept|on ofthe ro|e of|nnastmcture to
geteconom|cdeve|opmentmov|ng|nanat|on, or]o|nt|y|n
severa| nat|ons, rehects a supcr|or econom|c out|ook. We
EIR June l l , l 993
knowlrom bsnvoIvcmcnt n buIdng major gas ppcIncs ,
lrom tbc hrst onc n tbc pIanoltbc o Kvcr, to tbc mucb-
contcstcdoncbctwccnLcnoaandlngoIstadtnUavar a, Lcr-
many,wbtcbwastoscrvcasaIncntoLcntraILuropc,lrom
tbc vcry Iong ( I , `00 km) onc n Argcnt na, to tbc grcat
projccts ol bs Iast pcrod. tbc AIgcra-5cIy gas ppcI nc,
wbcbwas supposcdto Iatcrconncctnto aII olltaI y, andtbc
potcntaI lor a ncw 1rcstc-lngoIstadt gas ppcInc, wbcb n
tbcluturccouIdbavcInkcdupwtbtbc5ovctonc( Oruzbba)
ncastcmLuropc.
AHcr tbc AIgcran war, as AIgcra rcaIgncd wtb tbc
lranccoldcLauIIc, and was lrccdn I vZlrom ts burdcn-
somccoIonaIpast , tbcrc was aIso tbc prospcct ola tbrcc-
way arrangcmcnt ncIudng Adcnaucr` s Lcrmany, as tbc
prcmsclora jontdcvcIopmcntolcontncntaILuropc, start-
ngwtbwcstcmLuropc.
lnlrastructurcdocs notjust mcan abrdgc, araI Inc, or
a gas ppcInc, but tcmbraccs cducaton and skIIstranng
oltbcI aborlorcc, . c. , scbooIsandrcscarcbccntcrs,tmcans
adcguatc bcaItb carc nlrastructurc and so lortb. lt mcans
substantaIIy to acbcvc ancconomcdensit wbcb pcrmts
andlac Itatcstbcrscolncwndustrcs , abovcaIIsmaI I and
mcdum ndustrcswtbbgbcaptaIntcnsty. 1bs swbcrc
tbc roIcoltbc statc bccomcs mostcvdcnt. n scctors wbcb
bccomcproductvcaltcrapcrodoltmc, nncw,vcrybgb-
tccbnoIogy scctors-sucb as magIcv, tbcLcrmanmagnct-
caIIyIcvtatcdtrans-orngcograpbcaIIyrcmotcIocatons .
lts aIsotbc attcmpt tobrngordcrandratonaItytoadcvcI-
opmcnt wbcb otbcrwsc couId dcgcncratc nto tbc savagc
andprcdatory, orbccausc trcspondsto socaI and stratcgc
rcgurcmcnts .
ll onc scans attcntvcIy tbc words or, cvcn morc, tbc
ntatvcs , ol Nattc , onc hnds a lundamcntaI cobcrcncc
wbcbcanbcrcduccdtotbscconomcapproacb. lnaconlcr-
cncc bcId at tbc lorcgnrcssIhcc nlcbruary I vZ, tbc
LMl prcsdcnt cxprcsscd bmscIlas loIIows. Wc tbnk wc
bavccnormous possbItcsoldcvcIopmcntnourcountry,
to bc abIc to canccI lorcvcr tbc magc ola tradtonaI ltaI y,
poor and onIy agrcuIturaI . Wcbavc mmcnsc possbItcs
lordcvcIopmcntntbcNcdtcrrancan, nLuropc, nAlrca,
n tbc NddIc Last . ln rcIatons wtb dcprcsscd countrcs ,
wtb tbc countrcs wbcb bavc tbc nccd to ntatc ndustraI
dcvcIopmcnt, wcbcIcvcwccanollcranndustraIorganza-
tonprcparcdnmcnandmcansandbcncctbatwccanluI hI I
anmportant work olcoIIaboraton. lntb sway, ouropcra-
tonscanbcuscluI totbc cntrc Wcst , olwbcb wcarcpart .
Uut wctbnktbatcvcn n tbc wcstcm lramcwork coIIabora-
ton s ncccssary. And not , as oltcn occurs , a war wtbout
guartcrandwtbnoboIds barrcd. `
Andtbswarwtboutguartcr`vcrysoonbcgan, pcrbaps
bclorc tbc cnd ol tbc 5ccond WorId War tscIl, wtb tbc
arrvaI ol tbc Amcrcan and Urtsb sccrct scrvccs n tbc
ALl oIhccs nKomc, totakcposscssonoltbc arcbvcsol
tbc company, and wbcb cxpIancd wcII tbc basty dccson
EIR !unc I I , I vvJ
Paolo Vitali: Matte;' s conception
development refects a superior CtOUH
oI company. lt was a war aganst , altcr tbc dscovcry
oltbcdcpostsat5 [ nnortbcmltaIyj and
tbc constructon oltbc nctwork olas ppcIncs nnortbcm
ltaIy wbcb, n tbc coursc ollour I cars , bctwccn I v4v and
I vZ, catapuItcd our country nto tbc tbrd poston n tbc
worId n Icngtb ol ppcI ncs. 4, U0 km, wtb a sxtyloId
ncrcasc ntbc voIumcolmctbanc astransportcdto ndus-
try. lrom Z0mII oncubcmctcrs
I v4toI , Z00mIIonn
I vZ.
Wtbout ALl` s dscovcrcs a d nctwork olppcIncs ,
wtbout 5ngagI a` spIanlor stccI , wtbouttbc orgnaIcrc-
aton ol LMI and tbc 5tatc HoIdngs n I vJ-wbcb was
cnvcd by aII , untI a lcw ycars go-wtbout tbc attack
Iauncbcdn I v0byMattcaganst bcNontccatncbcmcaI
monopoIy, wbcb Icd to tbc drastcdrop n lcrtIzcrprccs
and bcncc madc a notabIc contrbuton to our agrcuIturc,
wtbout tbc rcvoIuton n pIastcs nd tbc mmcnsc nvcst-
mcntbylatntsNrahorpIantbVaI Ictta(oncoltbclcw
grcat prvatc ndustraI sts , togctb
a [lIaIanlOrctgnMntsIj
hcadguartcrsj to hndOutwhcthcrlOouIdsIcpOnIhcOOmsOl
thc prcsdcnt ol5tandard I OtwhcIhcr l shouId gtVc htm
my pIacc at thc tabIc 1hs s
g
OI what was askcO Ol mc.
1hcy askcd mc to unOhatn ltaIy lrOm tIs OI scrtIuOc. 1hc
mcanstoachcvcthsrcsuIt-lchOoscIhcm. 1hcyOanjuOgc
mcatthccnd andcstabIshwhctcrl OcscrvcIObcrcwarOcO
or punshcd. Uut now thcy mu|I IcI mc wOrk tn my Own
way. `
n!an. b , l vv, NaItct st&cO IO Ihc lIaItan LcnIcr Ol
5tudcslorlntcmatonaIKcconctItaIonIhaIIhcgrcaIpw-
crs support wthout rcscrvaton , wth Ihc wcghI Ol Ihctr
dpIomatc and m Ittary lorcc, thc nttaIvcs OlIhc OOmpa-
ncs . . . . ` 1oday, wth thc acOcss , aIbctt vcj panaI , IO
archvcs and documcnts that w
g
rc htIhcnO scOrcI, suOh as
thoscpubIshcdbylrOlcssorlcnOnctn hts bOOkOnMaIIct ,
wcknow a Iot morc, but thcpcturc dOcs nOtOhangc, I|usI
bccomcscIcarcr. 5uch as , whcn
i
n l vZ, nprcpmaIOnlOr
a ncw carvng up ol sphcrcs Ol nIcrcst tn lran alIcr Ihc
ovcrthrowolNossadcgh,thcMatonaI5cOurtIyLOunOtI ,anO
thcOcpartmcnIsol5Iatc, Oclcntc, and!ustccOlIhcLntIcO
5tatcs had to ntcrvcnc Io bIOk Ihc prOOcdurcs ntItaIcO
aganstthc oI compancslorv
_
aIonolthcAmcrOananIt-
trustI aws. lnaj ont dOcumcnttwasdchncOthaIIhcAmcrt-
can oIopcratonsarc, lorpractcaIrcasOns , nsImmcnIs`Ol
AmcrcanlorcgnpoItcy.
ln vrtucolthcrroIcas nsUmcntsOlourlOrcgnpOIt-
cy, both n Luropc, and n thc ddIc Last , any aIIaOk On
our oI compancs , n thosc arcs , shouId bcrcgardcdas a
lundamcntaI attack on thc cntn Amcrcan sysIcm. ` [1hc
guotc s transIatcdbaOklromthc taItan. j
5omuchlorthclrccmarkcl`andlrcccOmpcItItOn` !
EIR !unc l I , l vvJ
The CIA's worries according to Webster
Anotherquest|onwh|chweshou|daskourse|ves|swhat
happenedafterthechangesofl 9&9andtheAng|o-Amer|can
responseofBush' snewwor|dorder. lnapub||cspeechby
theformerClAch|efunderBush, W||||am Webster, de||v-
eredon Sept. l 7, l 9&9, a future oftrade and |nte|||gence
wars|s|a|doutbetweenthetrad|t|ona|a|||esandcompet|-
tors . l stressthatthespeechwaspub||c. Wecantherefore
|mag|newhatthere|evantarch|vesw|||revea|30or50years
nomnow.
Asthe twenty-hrst century approaches , |t |s c|ear that
econom|ccons|derat|onsw|||p|ayanevengreaterro|e|nour
re|at|onsw|thoura|||esandadversar|esa||ke.There|snowa
un|versa|recogn|t|onthateconom|cstrength|skeytog|oba|
|nhuenceandpower. Nat|onsaread]ust|ng, evenreshap|ng
the|r econom|c systems |norderto compete |n the g|oba|
marketp|ace.
Websterthenpra|sedthefurther|ntegrat|onofhnanc|a|
marketsasarevo|ut|onarystructura|change|ntheg|oba|
economy. TheU.S . |nte|||gencech|efstressed,Thetrans-
format|on of |ntemat|ona| hnanc|a| markets |s str|k|ng |f
weobservethehgures. a||ytransact|onsontheexchanges
are over $30 b||||on and |n a week the transfers on the
hnanc|a|marketsaregreaterthanthevo|umeofTh|rdWor|d
debt.
Exa|t|ngth|s hnanc|a| mannawh|chhas ofhc|a||y kept
the Amer|can economy ahoat, Websterannouncedforthe
nexthve years acomm|tmentoftheU. S. govemmentthat
debtor countr|es , |nc|ud|ng the new eastem European na-
t|ons, shou|dsubm|ttothed|ctatesoftheWor|dBankand
lntemat|ona|MonetaryFund.
What wou|d Matte| ' s pos|t|on have been today, |n the
faceofthefantast|cprospectwh|chhasopened|ntheEast
of Europe, or the new, grow|ng suffer|ngs of the Th|rd
Wor|d, thetraged|es|nAfr|ca!W|thoutadoubt|twou|dhave
beentheant|thes|sofWebster' s g|oba|hnanc|a||zat|onand
w|thout a doubt there wou|d have been new, hard c|ashes
w|ththeAng|o-Amer|cano||garchy.
Towrap up. A|be|toncomp|ete|yd|fferent human and
h|stor|ca| |eve|s, wemay compare Matte| w|th Char|es de
Gau||e.lnwhatsense!lnthesensethats|nceWor|dWarll
andfortheent|repostwarper|odtheyrepresented, andst|||
represent, for the|rrespect|ve nat|ons , a sense ofnat|ona|
|dent|ty,an|dea|referencepo|nt.
lt|snotaquest|onoftum|ng Matte||ntoamyth,onthe
contrary we need to demytho|og|ze h|m, because that has
beenawayofsa|v|ngpeop|e' s consc|ences . Whatwou|dan
Enr|coMatte|dotoday,|nad|fferents|tuat|on!Wemuststart
fromadeepercomprehens|onofh|s econom|cph||osophy,
wh|ch |s what we have a|so proposed to present w|th th|s
conference.
lnthefaceoftoday'scr|s|s ,thebestce|ebrat|on|nhonor
ofMatte| |s to understand concrete|y, that we need more
Enr|coMatte|s .
EIR June l l , l 993
lslmysdllwomy
ofgiantslikMattci?
by Marcelli Colitti
Dr. Colitti is the director ofEcofu
i
l (EN) and the author of
several books about oil and Enricd Mattei .
TospeakaboutEnr|coMatte|today|snoteasy. Heevokes
the|mageofapastthatw|||neverretum,whenlta||ansoc|ety
producedmen on a very d|fferen sca|e from today. What
comes to m|nd |s the famous phrase ofthe poet V|ttor|o
A|her| , at the dawn ofthe R|so
|mento-the movement
forlta||an un|ty wh|ch d|d not yet have that namewhen
someonesa|dtoh|m,Butrea||y,hatdoyoulta||answant!
Youarea|readyapeop|e wh|ch aas becomedegradedand
depressed, andgoaround|ook|ngformasters . Andhean-
swered,We|| ,|nlta|ytherearestlbr|gands ,wh|chmeans
thatthe ' humanp|ant ' |sst|||grow|ngv|gorous|y, and|t|s
]ust a quest|on ofexp|o|t|ng |t. i l am hard|y say|ng that
Matte|wasabr|gand'lmeanthat|thatper|od,peop|ewere
bomwhotodayseemoutofp|ace, g|gant|c,andtheywou|d
notht|ntotheroomswherethemewhonowadm|n|sterthe
country||ve.lt|shamtospeakaboutpersonswho,thefurther
awayweget,theb|ggertheybecome. . . .
Letust tosaywhatva|ueth-exper|enceandthepro-
gram ofMatte| have for us todayI The Repub||c oflta|y}
today|sbasedonapo||t|ca| , econom|c, and soc|a|mecha-
n|smwh|ch|sveryd|fferentfromthatt|me, andlth|nkthat
these|ect|onprocesswh|chcarr|edMatte| tothehe|ghtshe
atta|nedwou|dtodayhaveworked|nreverse. Matte|wou|d
neverhavebecomewhathebecame |nthepresentsystem,
wh|chhasaruth|essse|ect|onlwoa|ddehneasups|dedown,
wh|chrewardsthebehav|orofadat|ngtopower,|nsteadof
theoppos|te.Soweshou|daskours|veswhetherth|sstrong-
|ypos|t|ve|magewh|chlta||anshave,desp|teeveryth|ng,of
Matte| ,|sst|||va||d.Ands|nceMat
j
e|wasadoernotawr|ter,
not an |nte||ectua| , but one who ut th|ngs |nto pract|ce,
ratherthan speakofthemessagebe sent , wehave tospeak
ofh|sexamp|e,ofwhathed|d,be
auseheeducatedlta||ans
w|thh|sexamp|e.
i
I
Mattei's program
.
There|saser|esofexamp|esh|chhegave. Let ' s|ook
atthemonebyone|ntheefforttoc| ar|fy what th|s person
meanstoday. Thehrst , andformthe mostextraord|nary,
Feature l 9
shs moral cxampIc ,whchsawordnoIongcruscdnltaI y.
lorh mI aborhad a moraI vaIuc, andthswasthc prncpaI
vaIuc` olthc ndvduaI . Laborlor hmwas charty, lwc
want to put t n tbc tcrms ol LatboIc cuIturc, whch had
strongIy nHucnccd Nattc , durng hs youth and aIso n hs
maturty. HcconccvcdolI aborasthcprncpaIactolcharty
toward othcrs , and hcncc as somcthng whch s n no way
mcasurabIc by camngs , by thc proht whch onc gcts lrom
t , whch s olcourscncccssary n ordcr to Ivc, but whch s
notthc rcward lor Iabor, notthc purposc olI abor. 1hc pur-
poscolIabor sto gvc to othcrs whatt s possbIclo gvc,
to carry out togcthcr wth othcrs what t s possbIcto carry
out , andthcn moncyscrvcstosurvvc, but ts notthcobjcc-
tvc. And th s was so strong n thc magnctc charm that
cmanatcd lrom thc pcrsonaIty ol Nattc , that no onc cvcr
askcd hm lor a rasc. MaturaIIy hc dd not Ict hmscIl bc
askcd, but no onc wouId cvcr havc askcd hm, bccausc hc
wouIdrcpIy,Uutlworklorlrcc, andwhatdoyoudo`1h s
sancxampIcvcrymuchoutollashon,butt sancxampIc
whch ndcatcs a moraI and cvc tcnson whch wc nccd
today.
Lct us goonto thc sccondpont , hspolitical cxampIc.
1hc man was not a poItcan, bccausc hc taIkcd I ttIc, and
hcccrtanIydtdnothavcthccharactcrolapoItcan. Uuthc
movcd na poItcaI rcaImandhc had ntutons , vcry dccp
convctons whch camclromthc dcpth olhs spr t, whch
arcjust assnguIarwhcnwcI ookatthcmtoday, ashscon-
ccpt ol I abor. Hs ntuton was that poItcs s a way ol
carryngoutaprojcct , andlorthsyoumusthghttothcvcry
cnd, lpossbIcwththc nstrumcntsolpoItcaIacton,thosc
olconscnsus , but lncccssary cvcn wth wcapons , bccausc
cvcryrcaIprojcctdsturbs thc powcrsthatbc and thcrclorc
crcatcs anmbaIanccwhchcannotbchcaIcd, bccauscthosc
who havc powcrtry dcspcratcI y to crpctuatc thcmscIvcs,
andthcrclorcrcsstanyprojcctthattrcst ochangcthngs .
Nattc ` s program was lor cconomc and cvc dcvcIop-
mcnt togcthcr, and ths too s onc ol thosc thngs that wc
havccompIctcIylorgottcn. LconomcdcvcIopmcntandcvc
dcvcIopmcntarcnotncccssarIyI nkcd,ncomcandcvIza-
ton arc not cxactIy thc samc thng-thcy havc an arca ol
ovcrIap, but t s not totaI . Hcncc, a programolcconomc
andcvIdcvcIopmcntwasanothcrolhstruIyhrst-ratcntu-
tons , whchwasnotImtcdtohsowncountry, bccauschc
workcdlor hs country, but hc ncvcrsaw tby tscIl. lrom
thcvcryoutscthchadan absoIutcIycIcardcathatthsvcry
smaIIcountrynagutcstratcgcpostonoughttohavcaInc
oldcvcIopmcntwhch was ncccssarIy ntcmatonaI , whch
couIdnottumnward, but whchhadto Iookoutward, and
whch, nkccpngwthwhatwcsadbclorc,wththcluncton
olI abor, wth thc moraI sgnhcancc olthc commtmcntol
thcpcrson, shouIdIooktowardIcsslavorcdcountrcs , coun-
trcswhchwcrcthcncmcrgngoutolcoIonaI sm, andlrom
thc dstorton and human and poItcaI dcvastaton whch
coIonaIsmbrngs .
Z0 lcaturc
LoIonaItsmanOIhccmt
aItOnOlpOOrlIaItans wcnIhc
twowordswhchmaOcMaItclurtOus . llyOuwanIcOIOmakc
hmangry, youonIyhaOtoprOnOunOcOncOlthcscIwOwOrOs
andhctumcdaIIcoIorsanOstartcOtoshOut , whtOhOthcrtsc
aImostncvcrhappcncd. HchaOaprOlOunO, aImOstphysOaI ,
phobalorthcsctwophcnomOna, whtOhhcsawasaOcgraOa-
tonolthcdgnty Olman, w
aImOstIcgcnOaj-bcOausctI
wasth sgcncratontowhchhcwantcOtoIcaVcthtsmcssagc.
1hc young pcrson thcrclorc hOuIO bc cOuOaIcO csscnItaIIy
by motvatng htm anO makng hm sharc Ihc VtsOn Olhts
Icadcr. Mo onc cvcr gucsttOnO hts IcaOcrshtp. buI hc was
thc Icadcr who conVnOcO othcrs, wtIh hts cxampIc anO hts
dcas . Morcthan gtVngOrOcts , hc askcO lOr OOnscnsusanO
commtmcnt . Hcwas thcIcaOrbcOauschcwasIhcmanwhO
tookthcrsks ,whohaOIhctOczs ,whOabsOrbcOIhcncOcssaj
contraOctons olOatIy aOItOn , anO wctghcO Ihc OOnIraOtO-
tons, andthcrclorcwcloIIOOhtmasOncwOuIOlOIIOwan
aImostsupcrhumanpcrsOn.
Relations among rich and poor countries
1h sapproachOlh stObutncss was tmmcOtaIcIyItnkcO
upwthhscOonomtOanOpOItuOaIapprOaOh,bcOauschcIncO
at oncc toopcratcaIthcIcVcIOlIhcwOrIOcOOnOmy. HchaO
thc absoIutc Oca-anOthcr hts prOlOunO OOnVtOItOns-
thatthcrch nccOcOthcpOoranOVtOcVcrsa, anOIhtsOOnVtO-
ton arosclromhts OharaOIcr
4
s a man. 1hts OOnVtOItOnwas
thcntransIatcOntoconcrctckms , byIhclaOIIhaIIhcpOOr
ol that pcrtod IargcIy haO OOnIrOI Olraw maIcnaIs, whtOh
ltaIy IaOkcd, cspcOtaIIy OtI . ]hcrc was tn hts pOItItOaI ap-
proach,thcrclorc,ancxtraOrOmajmtxIurcbcIwccnIhcmOr-
aI and cvc thmst whtOh pcrVaOcO htm anO Ihc OOnOrcIc
ncccsstyolsatslytngthccnc
p
gy nccOs OlIhcOOunIj. 1hts
was a thrust whtch ncVttabIy wcnt hanO tn hanO wtIh hts
ant-coIonaIsm, twasaIIacOhcrcntsysIcm.
HchadunOcrstOOO, wcIInaOVanOcOlhtstmc,anOcVcn
todayth s s notcOmmonOuIIurc tnlIaI y, IhaIIhc rtOh nccO
thc poor, not onIy bccausc thc poor cOnIroI , by a |Okc Ol
EIR Junc l l , l 993
latc, ccrtan raw matcraI s, and not onIy bccausc tbc most
dcspcratccountryntbcworI d, wbcbwas5audAraba, bad
tbc worId` s Iargcst pctroIcum rcscrvcs , but bccausc tbcrc
cx stsan nsurmountabIcI mtntbcmccban smolcaptaI st
cconomy, wbcb can onIy bc ovcrcomc by broadcnng tbc
basc. 1bs s anotbcroncoltbosc tbngswbcb, cvcn lt s
dscusscdtoday, brngsupaIotolskcptcsm, butwbcbcan
bcdcmonstratcdontbctccbncaIIcvcI .
Technological progress
Nattc wasccrtanIynotan cconom st , butbcbad apas-
sonlorcconomcsandsurroundcdbmscIlwtbcconomsts ,
and wtb tbcm bc dchncd a vcry smpIc crtcron, wbcb s
stIIcxtraordnar IytmcIytoday.1bcmccbansmoltccbno-
IogcaIprogrcsssbascd nmodcrncconomcs on ndustrcs
wbcb producc so-caIIcd captaI goods , . c. , macbncs ,
Iatbcs , stampng prcsscs , contancrs lor tbc cbcmcaI ndus-
try, and so lortb. 1bus ndustry ncorporatcs tccbnoIogcaI
progrcss. a macbnc wbcb n ycar produccs 0 pcccs lor
I O Irasapccc, n ycarZproduccsZ0pcccsat acostolnnc
Iras , and n ycar J t produccs 00 pcccs at a cost ol hvc
I ras . 5ucb tccbnoIogcaI progrcss can onIy bc acbcvcd l
tbcndustrcstbatproducctbcsccaptaI goods bavc abroad
cnougbmarkct . lnndvduaIcaptaI stcountrcs , ncvtabIy,
tbcrc s a Imtto tbc voIumcolnvcstmcntwbcb acountry
can absorb, and tbcrcIorc tbcrc s a Imt to tbc capacty ol
dcvcIopmcnt ol tbcsc ndustrcs . Hcncc t s ncccssary to
cxport captaI .
1bs s a mccbansm lrom wbcb coIonaIsm aIso dc-
rvcs , bccausclrom cvcry mccbansmoltbccconomy, botb
good and bad dcrvc. lt s a mccbansm wbcb mpI cs , lor
cxampIc, today, tbat l wc wantcd to say wbat s tbc surcst
waybywbcbLuropccancmcrgclromtbcprcscntcconomc
crss , t sby cxportngcaptaI . Luropcor !taIy mustmakc
nvcstmcnts ,lorcxampIc, nMortbAlrca. Uccausclorsurc ,
tbcltalan markct , tbcproductvcbassoltbcltaI ansystcm,
s too narrow to bc abIc to absorb sulhccntIy tbc output ol
ts captaI goods ndustry. 1bc maturc countrcs nccd tbc
markctsoltbccountrcswbcbarc notyct maturc.
Hcncc, to gct back to Nattc , bs moraI ntuton tbat t
s unjust tbat tbcrc arc poor pcopIc, and tbat tbc poor and
rcb nccd cacb otbcr, cndcd up bcng rcnlorccd and madc
cxtrcmcIy powcrluI bycconomc rcaI ty, bccausc bs moraI
anaIyss agrccd wtb bs cconomc ntuton, wbcb tbcn bs
cconomstswcrcabIctowrtcabout.
Wcbavc skctcbcdtbcprohIc ola gant , and wc sadat
tbc bcgnnng tbat tbs gant wouId not bc at casc, tbat tbc
ccIngs oltbc rooms ol powcr today wouId bc too Iow lor
bm. Uutarc tbcsctbngs wc bavcsadstIIvaIdorarc tbcy
pastbstory Lct us bcgn wtb tbc cnd, wtbtbc dscusson
aboutrcbandpoor, andIctusspcakloramomcntabouttbc
o I ndustry, wbcb s an ndustry n wbcb Nattc I vcd a
Iargc part olbs Ilc and n wbcb bc buIt bscxtraordnary
corporaton.
EIR 1unc I I , I vvJ
"colonialism" and "emigration " of
1bcrc s no doubt tbat n tbc
ncncc ol tradtonaI oI -producng
crcascandnotdccrcasc,tbattbc
Icum projcctcdlortbc ncxt J0
compIctcIybytbcLLcountrcs ,
cntrcIybytbcLuIlnatons , sucb
5aud Araba, wbcbbavc gcoIogy
ntrcs s gong to n-
dcmandlorpctro-
wI I bc satshcd aImost
wtbnLL, aImost
no doubttbattbc probIcmol andtbc wcstcm worId
s to hnd a way ol Inkng up w tbcsc countrcs , a way
wbcb wII notbcdcgradnglor countrcs , wbcb docs
not opprcss tbcm, bccausc cannot I ast-pprcs-
sonIcadstovoIcnt attbcsamctmcaway
to obtancncrgyataprcc wbcb s probbtvc.
HcncctbsprobIcm, wbcb ' saw n aII ts cIartyas
tbc nccdto suppIy ltaI y, stoday tbc agcnda attbc worId
IcvcI . 1bcoI-producngcountrcs tbcNddIcLastwIIbc
n tbc ncxt J0 ycars tbc man lor tbc addtonaI
guantty olcrudc oI nccdcd by
wbcbnNattc ` s daywasa
an mportcr. 5o tbcrc s ontbc
tbc probIcm olrcIatons bctwccn
countrcs wbcbNattcbadposcd
sasm, and wtb so mucb capac
truc.
MotonIy s tbcrcI atonwtb countrcsmorc mpor-
tant now tban n tbc past , but tb cbokcpont n captaIst
cconomywbcblmcntoncdcarI cr bccomcmorcmpor-
lcaturc Z I
tantaswe||. The||m|tat|onofthe|nvestmentbase|nther|ch
countr|es |sdrast|c, weareexper|enc|ngacr|s|swh|chto a
|argeextent der|ves fromthat . Th|s prob|em, wh|ch Matte|
nevert|redofre|terat|ng, at a|||eve|s-h|spo|en|caga|nst
co|on|a||sm,theprob|emofre|at|onsbetweenpoorandr|ch
countr|es-|stru|yaprob|emoftoday.
The state' s promotion of enterprise
There|sone|astpo|ntonwh|chlwou|d||keto br|ehy
dwe|| ,wh|ch|sMatte| ' s |deaofthestate,wh|chtoday|sa|so
outoffash|on.Thestate|snow|dent|hed|nthementa||tyof
lta||anc|t|zensasamyster|ousmonstros|ty,ak|ndofdeep|y
corruptMaha, e|thercorruptor|nefhc|ent,wh|chhasanega-
t|vero|e|nda||y||fe. Matte|hadexact|ytheoppos|teconcept
ofthe state. He be||eved that the state shou|d be the one
wh|ch supp||ed the cap|ta| foreconom|c deve|opment, the
|nstrumentwh|chco||ectedthecap|ta|thatthepr|vateecono-
mywasnotcapab|eofsupp|y|ngtoasumc|entdegree,and
made|tava||ab|efor|nvestment. Andhencethefunct|onof
pub||c enterpr|se was to be the |eg|t|mate channe| through
wh|chpub||cmoneywastransformedfrommoney|ntocap|-
ta| , and hence |nto |nvestment, and hence |nto econom|c
deve|opment.
Matte|came out ofpr|vate|ndustry. He was a pr|vate
entrepreneur, one of the few new pr|vate bus|nessmen |n
h|s t|ne, who came fron noth|ng, and yet he understood
perfect|ythe||m|tsofthepr|vateeconomy,|nwh|chhehad
beensosuccessfu| , andthat|twas|nev|tab|eandnecessary
that the state shou|d funct|on as a co||ectorofcap|ta| and
conveyerofcap|ta|toward|ndustry. Th|stheory, wh|ch a|-
|owedh|mtobu||dENl ,andwh|chwasnotcomp|ete|ynew,
aera|| ,neverthe|esswasg|venanenormous|mportanceby
h|m.L|tt|eby||tt|e,|thasbeenext|ngu|shed.
Economics and morality
Thelta||anstate|nthe|astJ0yearshasdonetheoppos|te.
lt has not accumu|ated |nvestment cap|ta| , |t has hnanced
|ncome,| . e. ,|thasusedthemoneygatheredthroughtaxat|on
tohnanceconsumpt|on,substant|a||ytransferr|ngth|snoney
|ntopr|vatehands|naw|devar|etyoftorms , someofthem
not even|ega| , butthat |srea||y secondary. The econom|c
substance was that |t hnanced consumpt|on, | . e. , thatthe
moneyofthestatehasbeeng|venoutto na|nta|ndemand,
not|nvestnent .
Theconsequenceshavebeenveryc|ear|yv|s|b|e,both|n
theexorb|tant|ncrease|nthepub||cdebt,becausetosusta|n
denand|sabottom|essp|tandtherefore|tcreatesab|gger
andb|ggergap|nthepub||cdebt ,andnowweareacountry
w|thmorepub||cdebtthan|ncome.lwou|dsaythattheworst
eectwh|chth|ssystemhashad,hasbeenonpub||cnora||ty,
|nthetoneotc|v|c||fe, and|nthetactthatbydo|ngth|swe
haveputforwardtothecom|nggenerat|onsthearchetypenot
oftheproducer, notthemanwhoproducessoneth|ng,who
works hard and theretore has a nora| , c|v|c, and sp|r|tua|
ZZ Feature
comm|tment, becausehard work has more than aphys|ca|
d|mens|on. We have |nsteadpm forward the mode| ofthe
man who consumes and no one knows exact|y where the
noneycomesfromthathe|sus|ng,buthehasanenormous
endowmentofconsumergoods wh|chhecont|nua||yresup-
p||es .
Nowth|s|san|mposs|b|emode| ,notbecause|t|s|mmor-
a| , a|though |npart|t|s ,butbecuse|t|s|mposs|b|eforthe
consumernottobeaproducer.
here|snoa|temat|vetoth|s
rea||ty, because the econom|c c|rc|e has to c|ose |n some
way.
Toproducetakeswork, wh|letoconsumedoesnot. lt
ussaythat produc|ng |mp||esacomm|tment , a da||y effon
wh|ch|s no|onger|nc|uded|n tday' s archetypes , where|t
|s|nsteadcons|deredanunp|easantnecess|ty, andnoteven
veryd|gn|hed. Tohaveseenthestateasthatwh|chhnances
consumpt|on, ratherthanproduct|on, hasendedupbypres-
ent|ngamode| wh|chno|ongerperce|ves |aborasafunda-
menta|mora|factor.
The|astpo|ntregard|ngthis|deaofthestatewh|chMatte|
had, |sh|s conceptofpower. Therewas at|me, oneortwo
yearsbeforeh|sdeath,|nwh|cha Amer|canmagaz|neded|-
catedacovertoMatte|w|ththehead||ne.TheMostPower-
fu| lta||an s|nce Augustus . Bedesthe factthatAugustus
wasnotlta||an,Matte|hadth|s|mageofthemanofpower.
Hewasamanwho||vedeveryday|nthe|nnercon|dorsof
powerandexertedenormouspo
er. Hehadaveryprec|se
|deaofpower.Powerwasan|nev|tab|enecess|tyand|thad
tobe]ust|heddaybydaybywhoeverexerc|sed|t. Hefound
|tnecessary and |nev|tab|eandhefoughthardforth|sto
happenthathe shou|doccupy pos|t|onsofpower, buthe
a|sobe||evedthathehadto]ust|pth|severydaybywhathe
d|d. Powerwastherefore]ust|hedbywhatheach|evedfor
others , notforh|mse|f.
Hencethe]ust|hcat|onofMatte| ' s powerd|dnotcome
so|e|y from the factthat he worked l & hours a day |fnot
more, andthathewas|ncessant|comm|tted|nh|sact|ons ,
but a|so fromthe factthathecons|dered th|s an|nev|tab|e
necess|ty,sothatwhathewantedtodocou|dbeach|eved.
Aerthetwophob|asment|onedabove,co|on|a||smand
the em|grat|on ofpoor lta||ans, i Matte| ' s th|rd phob|a was
arrogance. Arrogancewasun]usthedpower,| . e. ,thosewho
ho|dpoweranddonot]ust|fy|tonada||ybas|s ,butdefend
|tbyarrogance.
lc|ose th|s remembrance of aperson to whom I owea
tota||y persona| debt, becausehe|s the person whogaveto
me,andtosomanyothersofmygenerat|on,anexamp|eand
anob]ect|vetowh|chwecou|dded|cateour||ves, amode| .
lt was not a mode| |nthe sensethat we can |m|tate such a
man,butamode||nh|smora|comm|tment,and|nthec|ar|ty
andruth|essnessofh|s ana|ys|s , and|nh|s scantreverence
for the powers that be, because he had no reverence for
power. On the contrary, hedendedof the powenu| that
they]ust|fythemse|ves .
EIR June l l , l 993
Thcsmtcgicsmcs
inManci'sght
by Nico Perrone
Nico Perrone is professor ofAmerican histor at the Univer
sit ofBari, and author ofthe book Matte| ,||nem|co|ta||ano
(Matte| ,thelta||anEnemy) .
lthankthe more d|rectw|tnessesofthe Matte|tragedyfor
hav|ngagreedtopart|c|pate|n our meet|ng. lth|nklshou|d
speakabouta|essknownaspectoftheMatte|affa|r,Matte| ' s
|ntemat|ona|po||t|ca|act|v|ty. lwanttodea|exp||c|t|yw|th
Matte| ' s overa||contr|but|ontothemattersunderd|scuss|on,
butespec|a||y w|th h|s ro|e |nthe pract|ca| po||t|ca| |mp|e-
mentat|onofan attempt , |fnotto decoup|e lta|y from the
framework ofthe At|ant|c A|||ance, then to strong|y sh|ft
lta|y' s or|entat|on |naneutra||std|rect|on andtowarda|es-
sened|nvo|vementoflta|yw|threspecttothepo||cyofthe
Un|tedStates ,bywh|chlrefernoton|ytoo||po||cy, butto
thecountry' s fore|gnpo||cy.
lta|y, weknow, hasbeent|eds|nce l 949tothe Un|ted
States|ntheAt|ant|cA|||ance,ands|ncel 949,therehasbeen
somestrongres|stance |ns|de the Chr|st|anemocracyto-
ward such adec|s|ve, entang||ng, andsuffocat|ng |nvo|ve-
mentofourcountryw|ththeUn|tedStates .Themosts|gn|h-
cantres|stancetotheAt|ant|cA|||ancewasperhapsnotthat
ofthegreatpar||amentaryprotestmountedbytheCommun|st
and Soc|a||st part|es , butthe subt|er, moredec|s|ve, more
pregnant,andmoreendur|ngres|stanceofcerta|nsectorsof
theChr|st|anemocracywhod|dnotwanttoh|tchlta|ytothe
char|otofanunequa|a|||ance, |nwh|chthescepterofcom-
mandrema|ned|nthehandsoftheUn|tedStates ,butrather
thoughtabouttheposs|b|||tyofaneutra||stpo||cyforlta|y.
Thedebate|ns|dethepar||amentarycaucusoftheChr|s-
t|anemocracywassuffocatedbyA|c|deeGasper|jh|stor-
|ca| |eader of the postwar Chr|st|an emocracy |n lta|y} .
There was no debate when adherence to the At|ant|c pact
cameto bedec|ded. Thus , the Chr|st|an emocracy found
|tse|ffac|ng a v|rtua| conhdence vote |n e Gasper| , who
wantedtotakethevotew|thouthrsthav|ngachancetoprobe
more deep|y |ntothereasonsforth|s vote |ns|detheparty.
Yet, ant|-NATO ferment |ns|de the party rema|ned strong
anddeterm|ned,and|twasperson|hedbymenveryc|oseto
Enr|coMatte|.
OneofthesewasAm|ntoreFanfan| ,whomwehnddur-
|ngthel 950ss|mu|taneous|yaspr|mem|n|ster,fore|gnm|n-
EIR June l l , l 993
|ster,andpartysecretaryoftheChr|.t|anemocracy.Anoth-
erwasG|ovann|Gronch| ,whoowesometh|ngtoMatte|for
h|se|ect|ontothepres|dencyoftherepub||candwou|dhave
owedh|mevenmoreforh|sree|ectnasPres|dent,atwh|ch
hea|med. Therewase|Bo, the|n|sterofstateho|d|ngs ,
a||ve|yexponentofthe|eftw|ngofheChr|st|anemocrats,
whoworr|edtheU. S. embassybec,useofsomeofthepos|-
t|onshetook|nthelta||anPar||ant . Andtherewerecer-
ta|n|ymanypersonsofacomp|ete|t d|fferentextract|on,not
at a|| |eft-w|ng. . . . But beh|nd a|| th|s there was Enr|co
Matte|.Forreasonsofh|s|dea| s, freasonsoftradepo||cy,
forreasonsofd|p|omat|c o|| thesensethatacountry
wh|chwantstohave|tsownd|p|o at|cpo||cyhastobeab|e
tocreate|tdaybydayandmustn t||neupw|ththepo||cy
ofthemostpowerfu| .
In search of self-determinason
Matte|pushedhardfora ||ne )fdetachment, ofcr|t|ca|
part|c|pat|on|nNATOandevenof ett|ngoutofNATOand
|ntoaneutra||stpos|t|on. Matte|th reforenoton|yannoyed
theUn|tedStatesw|thh|so||dea|s ntheM|dd|eEast,wh|ch
brokeuptheba|anceofthe|ntemat|ona|o||carte| ,andbroke
upthepr|ceequ|||br|um,but|twaMatte| whopushedeven
harderfor lta|y' s ent|re po||cy toke |tsd|stancefromthe
Un|tedStatesandtoopenuptowardtheTh|rdWor|dcoun-
tr|es , wh|ch were trave||ng |n a certa|n way a|ong a road
s|m||ar to the pa|nfu| and |abor|oos road wh|ch lta|y had
hadtotrave| . Matte| was very seos|t|veto these prob|ems,
becausehehadbeenaw|tnesstoth|sd|mcu|troadoflta|y' s
andhadhadgreatd|mcu|t|esatthebeg|nn|ngofh|scareer.
Soheknewwhat|tmeantforacountrytofree|tse|ffromthe
co|on|a| yokeandhnd|tsownway, |tsownba|ance, anda
wayofarrang|ng |ts own economy wh|chwou|dnotbe an
economyofpureexp|o|tat|onbythegreatpowers .
A|| ofth|s |dea| des|gnofMatte| howed|ntoapo||t|ca|
des|gnwh|chattheendofthe l 950swasca||edneo-At|an-
t|c|sm. Butbefore d|scuss|ng neo-At|ant|c|sm, perhapswe
shou|dreca||theheavypressurewh|chhadbeenp|acedon
thelta||angovemmentfromthemomentMatte|tookthere|ns
ofthecountry' s o||affa|rs .
Matte| was conv|nced that lta| y, a poor and defeated
country, nonethe|ess possessed notab|e energy depos|ts of
petro|eum|n|ts subso| | , andhewasa|soawarethattheo||
bus|ness, even|ftherewerenotrea||yresources|ns|dethe
country,wasan|mportantbus|nesswh|chonecou|dnotstay
outofand|nwh|chonecou|dnotbeatthemercyoftheb|g
guys . So Matte| ' s program was to try to use a|| ava||ab|e
meanstoexp|o|tthecountry' s energyresources , and|fth|s
werenotposs|b|e, to seek|ntemat|ona|accordsw|thcoun-
tr|eswh|chhadtheseenergyresources,sothattheycou|dbe
usedbylta|y|nordertobecomeapartnerofthema]orpow-
ers ,andnotbeatthe|rmercy.
ana||yoftheU. S. S. R. ,
m|ght a|so carry outrepr|sa| s. Th was shout|ng |n EX-
COM.Themando|ngtheshout|ng
wasjthenefenseSecre-
taryRobert}McNamara.lhavewnttentoMcNamaraandhe
answeredthathedoesn' thaveagdmemory. Yetthereare
otherdocumentswh|chdemonstrateth| s, and |twasMcNa-
maraandanothervo|ceshout|ng. erepr|sa|sw|||takep|ace
|n Turkey, where there are Ameacan bases , and |n lta|y,
wheretherewereAmer|canbases, nthereg|onaroundBar| .
Thep|ctureoftheA|||ancewasveuncerta|n.
TheAt|ant|cA|||ancehadacopactness, | t hadthepar-
t|c|pat|onofmanynat|ons , amongthemlta|y, butlta|ywas
reca|c|trant. lnformat|onhadbeearr|v|ng overthe course
ofyears,ofheavypressurebyMaa|forlta|ytoputd|stance
between|tse|fandNATO, asweaveseen. Sowhenthey
beganto out||ne the r|skthatlta|
cou|dbethetargetofa
repr|sa|bytheSov|etUn|on|f|twmedec|dedtobombCuba,
|t was obv|ous that th|s was the (|me when there was the
greatest fear that lta|y m|ght d|stance |tse|ffrom At|ant|c
so||dar|ty.
ln the documents wh|ch l b||shed, a|| the poss|b|e
frameworksaredescr|bedoflta| y' decoup||ngfromNATO,
wh|ch l have not ||sted here. ln those years , covert ClA
act|onswereverymuch|nfash|. Cubawasatthecenter
of attent|on forcovert act|ons . There was ta|k, as omc|a|
documentshavecomeouttosho,ofassass|nat|ngCastro,
but not]ustCastro. There were | |t|c|ans assass|nated |n
thateraby the ClA. The ClA hd a free hand for covert
act|ons, |twasnothe|dbackbyhv|ngtoreport|nadvance
to the Pres|dentorevento |ts own d|rector, because there
wasacomp|ete|yseparatesectorfortheseact|ons .
There| s amysterysurround|n,Matte| ' s end.l t wascer-
ta|n|y aconven|entmoment,becsethep|ane|nwh|chhe
wastrave||ng fe|| on Oct. 27, l 962. Thesewereterr|fy|ng
t|mes |n wh|ch there was a r|sk fgo|ng to war and lta|y
r|sked be|ng bombedbytheSov|Un|on. Therecou|da|so
have been an |n|t|at|ve to prevet a danger of th|s k|nd.
Certa|n|y, what |s very ser|ous , what |s enormous , what|s
unpardonab|e- even |fth|shypothes|s shou|d prove tobe
toodar|ng-|sthattherehasneveyetbeenaser|ous|nqu|ry
|ntothe |nc|dent ofMatte| ' s p|an. Forexamp|e, therehas
neverbeen an |nvest|gat|on to dterm|ne |ftherewere, or
werenot,tracesofexp|os|ves . i
Feature 27
''LutcDaUou
I
I
Asassinationotcin
sendsab|oodyesse
by Carlos Mendez
Archbishop of Guadalajara, Cardinal Juan Jesus Posadas
Ocampo was assassinated on May 24 in front of the Guadala
jara interational airport, under circumstances that indicate
that the murder was deliberate. However, the offcial story
released by Mexican Attorey General Jorge Carpizo is that
Cardinal Posadas was killed by drug traffckers who confused
him with a rival drug lord, because the cleric was travelling
in a car supposedly similar to that of the targeted traffcker.
Mexico' s bishops have described the offcial story as "ab
surd" and "infantile, " with several of them charging that
Cardinal Posadas was indeed the intended victim.
The Attorey General ' s denial that the assassination was
premeditated is intended to obviate the need for a full-scale
investigation by the goverment into who the actual intellec
tual authors of the attack are.
In a statement issued May 26, the Ibero-American Solidar
ity Movement (MSIA) demanded: " 1 ) that the crime be inves
tigated as a premeditated assassination; and 2) that said inves
tigation and punishment of those guilty be carried out with
the utmost speed, because any coverup of the authors of the
murder and their motives could unleash a cataclysm of un
known dimensions which nobody wants . . . . . We call atten
tion to the fact that this crime takes place in the midst of an
assault by the Masonry against the Catholic Church . . . .
"It is already proven that the Masonry is one of the leading
instruments of the superpowers , of the Interational Mone
tary Fund [IMF] , and of the malthusian cabal , to impose
genocidal policies on the debtor countries , policies which
have been systematically denounced by the Vatican and by
Mexico' s bishops . "
It should be noted that Cardinal Posadas himself had
played a prominent role in these denunciations . On April 2 1 ,
he had criticized the free-market economic policies of the
Carlos Salinas de Gortari goverment , and insisted that the
28 Interational
;
1 994 presidential elections shou serve "as an appropriate
occasion for changing" them. Carfinal Posadas also charged
that goverments have presentepopulation growth "as a
mythical threat , to legalize and stify birth control. . . . "
He also wared that the Masonry1 s activities could lead to a
reopening of old wounds in Mexio (see Documentation) .
I n the May 31 issue of the nespaper El Sol de M hico,
columnist Jose Cabrera Parra oted that the murder of
Cardinal Posadas "occurred on tae frst anniversary of the
establishment of diplomatic relat,ons between the Mexican
goverment and the Vatican . . . . `'
On May 25 , the Guadalaj ara aily Siglo 21 published a
note saying that "violent death is rot the accustomed fate of
bishops . Until yesterday, only o*e has suffered this fate in
Mexico, Jose Soledad Torres Cataieda, who was the frst
bishop of Ciudad Obreg6n [Sonota] : He was murdered on a
highway in 1 967 . 'A group of Msons ' is mentioned as the
possible authors of the assassinatin. " That reference is never
clarifed in the article.
I
But never has a cardinal beekilled before in Mexico,
not even during the darkest peri04 of religious warfare in the
1 920s , the so-called Cristero Ww, when Masonry launched
a violent , all-out attack on the Ca:holic Church.
i
A strategic assassination
There are much broader stratgic implications to the Po
sadas assassination, which go bond Mexico. It is in this
broader context that the cardinal s murder is usefully com
pared to the 1 989 assassination f Alfred Herhausen, the
chairman of Germany' s infuen:ial Deutsche Bank: Both
murders were intended to delive a bloody message to all
who oppose the Versailles Syste, neo-liberal free-market
economics , and the so-called ne world order.
Counc||(CELAM)he|d
|nSantoom|ngo, om|n|canRejub||c, Vat|canSecretary
ofState Card|na| Ange|o Sodano
ub||c|ypra|sedthe very
Mex|can mode| oflMF |oot|ng that Card|na| Posadas and
otherswere|atertoattackbyname.Thehna|documentthat
cameoutoftheCELAMconference |tse|f|entcred|b|||tyto
thatsameneo-||bera|mode| ,perha
P
stheresu|tofthe|ns|d|-
ous|nhuenceofM|chae|Novakw|th|nthelbero-Amer|can
Catho||cChurch.
But|nm|d-Apr||ofth|s year,theVat|canchoseMex|co
asthearenato|aunchabo|dcountr-offens|veaga|nstgeno-
c|deandeconom|cneo-||bera||sm. ur|ngthelntemat|ona|
Congressonemographyandeve|opmenthe|d|nMex|co
C|ty,Co|omb|anCard|na|Alfonso LpezTru]|| |o, pres|dent
oftheVat|can' s Pont|hca|Counc||ontheFam||y,dec|ared
that|t|ssc|ent|hca||yproventhatit|snotpopu|at|ongrowth
wh|ch |sthe|ead|ngcauseofpoverty|ncerta|ndeve|op|ng-
sectornat|ons, buttheun]ustd|str|but|onofwea|th,theabuse
|nexp|o|tat|onofnatura|resourcesonthepartofthe|ndustr|-
a||zedcountr|es . . . .
ur|ngthe|naugurat|onofthatconference,Card|na|Po-
sadasOcamporeadaspeechbyth
pres|dentoftheMex|can
B|shopsConference (CEM) , MonterreyArchb|shopAdo|fo
Surez R|vera, wh|ch stated tht Mex|co has a|ready
reached|nto|erab|e|eve|sofextremepoverty, andthatthe
neo-||bera|po||cywh|chpredom|natestoday|nthereg|on|s
worsen|ngthenegat|veconsequemesofsuch free-market}
mechan|sms. . . . ltshou|dsufhcetonotethereappearance
ofcho|era, wh|ch |sfundamenta||yduetothestructura|ad-
]ustmentsprescribed bythelntem|ona|MonetaryFundand
Wor|dBank(seeDocumentation) .
The Masons say ' no, ' but . . .
Accord|ngtotheMay2&|ssueoftheMonterreynewspa-
perEl Norte, Car|osVsquezRange| , pres|dentoftheNa-
t|ona|Confederat|onofL|bera|Organ|zat|ons ,den|edtoday
thatMasonryhadorderedtheexecu|onofCard|na| JuanJess
Posadas Ocampo over |deo|og|ca| d|fferences . . . . ' The
b|ackhandwh|chmurderedh|m|sthedrugtrade, ' hesa|d.
TheMSlAansweredonJune2. Therearemanyreasons
todoubtthe s|ncer|tyofCar|os Vsquez Range| . . . when
heden|esthatMasonryhadanyth|ngtodow|ththeassass|na-
t|onofCard|na|Juan JessPosadsOcampo. . . . Thatthe
headofMex|canMasonry |snotare||ab|esource|sproven
by the fact that Car|os Vsquez Range| was the one who
accusedU. S. po||t|c|anandeconom|stLyndonH.LaRouche
ofhnanc|ngthe emocrat|c Revo|ut|onaryParty (PR) of
CuauhtmocCrdenas ,wh|chhas beenconc|us|ve|yproven
fa|se. . . . lfthat s|ander was the |ast pub||c statement of
VsquezRange| , there are we|ghty reasonstobe skept|ca|
regard|ngh|s|atestcommentontheassass|nat|onofCard|na|
PosadasOcampo.
lntemat|ona| 29
What is certainly the case is that no one in Mexico be
lieves the goverment ' s multiple cover stories: frst, that the
cardinal was caught in a cross-fre, despite the fact that the
coroner confrmed that he had been shot by 14 bullets at
point-blank range, and second, that he was mistaken for a
drug trafcker, even though numerous eyewitnesses con
frmed that his cardinal ' s garb was apparent and unmis
takeable to all . Even more suspicious is the fact that an Aero
mexico fight was delayed on the runway for a full 20 minutes
to allow more than a dozen of the hitmen to board it and make
their getaway!
It is very clear that nothing less than an immediate and
serious investigation of the cardinal ' s murder will satisfy a
Mexican population horrifed both by the bloody deed and
by the Salinas goverment ' s handling of it.
LUCDHCDldlIUD
Cardinal spoke out for
economic, social justice
Archbishop of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Cardinal Juan Jesus
Posadas Ocampo, barely a month before his assassination
on May 24, had harshly denounced the neo-liberal economic
policies imposed by the government ofPresident Carlos Sali
nas de Gortari, noting that the 1 994 presidential election is
"an appropriate occasionfor changing" them. The cardinal
also attacked the myth that population growth is the cause of
povert, and warned about the danger that the Masonr' s
activities could reopen old wounds in Mexico' s histor. What
follows are excerpts from some ofhis most recent statements,
as reported by the Mexican press.
La lorad, April 22, 1 993: "The presidential elections
of 1 994 will be ' an appropriate occcasion for changing' the
neo-liberal policies , whose version of solidarity has been
practiced as alms , welcome to some who are marginalized,
but insufcient in a process which impoverishes the majority
and increases the wealth of the few, according to Cardinal
Juan Jesus Posadas Ocampo, the vice president of the Mexi
can Conference of Bishops (CEM) . Posadas Ocampo led the
homily which inaugurated the conference series ' Demo
graphic Issues in Latin America, ' sponsored by the Latin
American Alliance for the Family, the [Mexican] National
Pro-Life Committee, the Pontifcal Council for the Family
and the CEM' s Bishops ' Commission for the Family . . . .
" ' Liberalism and neo-liberalism are forms of trying to
solve the crisis; but if greater poverty is produced to remedy
these crises and the enrichment of others , the few, grows ,
then the church has to condemn that ideology, ' said Posadas .
30 Interational
. . . Posadas Ocampo asser that the goverments have
presented demography ' as a mythical threat , to legalize and
justify birh control . . . . '
"The vice president of the CEM stated that with regad
to family planning, as in economic policy, ' one must have
the courage, the audacity, td leave a course if it does not
'
produce the welfare of society. ' And he added that l 994 ' is
an appropriate occasion for clanging' it. "
Unomasuno, April 24, l
KosovaA|ban|anshadnoa|temat|vebuttoseek|ndepen-
dencefo||ow|ngd|s|ntegrat|onof heYugos|avFederat|on|n
wh|chKosovahadbeenoneo heonst|tuentun|ts .Wehave
been, andrema|n,determ|nedtoch|eveourgoa|sthrough
peacefu|means. lnth|sprocesswseenotum|ngback.
Our greatest concem |s that e Jo|nt Act|on Program
fa||s short ofaddress|ng proper[the prob|em ofKosova.
lncreased|ntemat|ona|mon|tor|n , |nc|uded|ntheprogram
andendorsedbytheKosova|ead rsh|p, regrettab|ymaynot
sumce|nstopp|ngtheconh|ctfr spread|ngtoKosova.
Wea|soregretthat|ndependnceofKosova|s notsup-
ported |nthe agreement. An|ndpndentKosovacanon|y
beastab|||z|ngfactor|nthereg|n. Anyotherso|ut|onw|||
|eavethearea w|th a potent|a|pb|emthat w||| sooneror
|ater|nvo|vetheent|reBa|kans|adevastat|ngwar.
Cons|der|ngthecurrents|tu|on, weareca|||ngonthe
Un|tedNat|onsSecur|tyCounc||oconvenean|ntemat|ona|
confenceonconta|n|ngtheBakan conh|ct attheear||est
poss|b|edate. The|ntemat|ona|onference wou|d focuson
rea||st|copt|onsforprevent|ngth spreadofSerb|anethn|c
c|eans|ngandgenoc|detoKoso aandMacedon|a. Toth|s
end,wep|edgeourfu||cooperat|onandferventsupport.
I
This map shows the si republicl and two
autonomous regions oftheforer Yugoslavia.
Kosova. with a majorit Albaniln ethnic population.
was one such autonomous regidn within the borders
ofSerbia. but it is now being illgally annexed by the
Serbian regime. Macedonia is dlso threatened.
'
lntemat|ona| 35
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by Javier Amario
Arturo Hein, coordinator in Colombia of the United Nations '
program of coca and poppy crop substitution, furiously at
tacked Colombi a' s police force on May 26 for having eradi
cated 75% of Colombia' s illegal poppy crops . In a seminar
jointly sponsored by the United Nations and the Colombian
Justice Mini stry held at Bogota' s National University, Hein
charged that those in charge of the crop eradication had not
considered "the social , economic, environmental , and health
trauma" caused by eradication, trauma which is "simultane
ously both the cause and the efect of the production and
consumption of drugs . "
The same line was offered by Giorgio Giacomelli , execu
tive director of the U. N. ' s interational narcotics control
agency. According to Giacomelli , nothing should be done
to t to substitute poppy, coca, or marij uana crops with
legitimate agricultural crops , because that "could further en
courage the illegal activity and thus lead to a superproduction
instead of cutback in such crops . " Giacomelli pointed out
the danger that farmers "might well compare the benefts of
obtaining illegal profts on the one hand, and the benefts of
alterative crops on the other. "
Although the U. N. offcials never said s o explicitly, they
all attempted in one form or another to emphasize the pre
sumed impossibility of defeating the drug trade and of replac
ing drug crops with ones useful to Colombia and to humanity.
According to U. N. consultant on narcotics Maria Constanza
Ramirez, drug crop eradication has only stimulated the drug
trade because "it has contributed to a rise in the price of
latex, " referring to the liquid extracted from the poppy fower
and which serves as the raw material for heroin. Ramirez
went even further, and openly defended drug production:
"The cultivation of poppy has generated income and in
creased the buying power of a sector of the peasantry and the
indigenous . "
In parallel to the United Nations' less-than-subtle efforts
to present drug legalization as the only "logical" answer to
the illegal narcotics trade, the Gaviria goverment in Colom
bia is doing its best to pave the way for precisely such a
"solution" to this country' s decade-long war with the drug
cartels . Not only has its embrace of the Interational Mone-
EIR June 1 1 , 1 993
tary Fund' s (IMF) open market, free trade dictates drven
Colombia' s legitimate agricultursector into bankptcy
and thus , increasingly, into drug, but it has also escalated
its negotiations with the country' murderous drg carels to
assure them impunity for their cries.
President Cesar Gaviria' s Ariculture Ministr, under
the control of Alfonso LOpez Capallero, the son of forer
Colombian President and carel ally Alfonso LOpez Mi
chelsen, has taken the lead in strijping the national faring
sector of any and all protection. ue has not only eliminated
tariff protection, but also low-inrest credit and price sup
ports . The result has been the b nkptcy of innumerable
growers under an avalanche , f impored agrcultural
products . i
To thi s, of course, can be add the sabotage committed
by the U. S. and British govemmnts in preventing the rees
tablishment of a coffee pact whih w(uld set a stable prce
for coffee, once Colombia' s leading export crop.
In other areas of legitimate griculture, a comparable
situation prevails . "The farmer in some areas have ex
changed their traditional crops fococa and poppy, in view
of the goverment' s refusal to prvide protection, " charged
German Orduz Peralta, directo of Santander province' s
Growers Society, i n a May 24 inttview t o the press i n which
he also documented the nea totadisappearance of Colom
bia' s once thriving cotton sector . .
I
Negotiating a ' narco-peac'
On May 6 of thi s year, ColPmbian Attorey General
Carlos Gustavo Arieta revealed that he, Prosecutor Gustavo
de Greiff, Defense Minister Rafel Pardo Rueda, Securty
Director Ferando Brito, the naional police director, and
other high-level goverment ofials met with representa
tives of the so-called Cali Cartel , t negotiate the "surender"
of the cartel ' s criminal leaders . 'he carel spokesmen were
explicit that what they wanted ws dismissal of charges for
most of their members; short , set (and presumably pain
less) trials for the rest; and the riht to retain all of their ill
gotten gains, in exchange for a pr<pmised dismantling of their
trafcking operations . A virtually dentical proposal was sub-
Interational J`
m|tted by the Mede|||n Carte| back |n 1 984, |mmed|ate|y
fo||ow|ng the|r assass|nat|on of Just|ce M|n|ster Rodr|go
LaraBon|||a. Thatproposa|was|aterdescr|bedbythecarte|
asade||berateproposa|fordrug|ega||zat|on.
Fo||ow|ng three separate meet|ngs wh|ch had the fu||
pub||c support of Pres|dent Gav|r|a, the govemment pre-
sented aproposedreform tothe cr|m|na| code prem|sed |n
partuponthesunendercond|t|onsdemandedbythecarte|
hgures .At|east9,0membersoftheCa||andNorthVa||e
carte|sareawa|t|ng approva| ofthe new cr|m|na| code |n
ordertodec|deonthe|rsubm|ss|onto]ust|ce, sa|dGustavo
deGre|ff.
Meanwh||e,theprosecutor' s omcehasa|readynegot|at-
eddramat|ca||yreducedsentencesforanumberofprom|nent
dragtramckerscurrent|y|n]a|| . JorgeLu|sOchoa,cons|d-
eredthe number-two man ofthe Mede|||n Carte| after the
fug|t|vePab|oEscobar, w|||reported|yrece|veameree|ght
years|n]a|| .Toproducethereducedsentence,theprosecutor
hadtobew||||ngtod|sm|ssa||chargesaga|nstOchoaasthe
|nte||ectua|authorofthemurderofanynumberof]udges ,
w|tnesses, ]ouma||sts , and prom|nent pub||c persona||t|es .
Th|s| s prec|se|ywhattheCa||Carte|nowhopestonegot|ate
aswe|| .
Presidential candidates agree
Nocha||engetoth|s appeasementpo||cyhas comefrom
the front-rann|ngpres|dent|a|cand|dateswhoarevy|ngfor
thenat|on' s topomce.EmestoSamperP|zanohastheofhc|a|
back|ngoftheGav|r|agovemmentandofL|bera|Partych|ef
Ju||oCsarTurbay,desp|teh|s|ongstand|ngpub||cadvocacy
ofdrug|ega||zat|on.(Anextens|vedoss|eronSamperP|zano
|s conta|ned |nEIR' s Apr|| 1 99 1 Spec|a| Report, Bush' s
Surrendert oope, lnc . . U. S. Po||cylsestroy|ngCo|om-
b|a.)Nor|sthe|ead|ngcand|dateoftheConservat|veParty,
Andrs Pastrana Arango, prepared to cross the tramckers .
Both, |ntum, supportGav|r|a' s neo-||bera|econom|cpo||-
c|eswh|charedestroy|ngwhat||tt|erema|nsofCo|omb|a' s
product|veeconomy.
Thefact|sthatthedrugtramckershavea|readytakenthe
measureofbothcand|dates. ln 1 982, forexamp|e, Samper
accepted |arge sums of money from the Mede|||n Carte|
ch|ea|ns , who wanted to hnance the e|ectora| campa|gn
offormerPres|dentA|fonsoLpezM|che|sen. Samperwas
campa|gntreasureratthet|me.ln1 989, Samperwasshotby
Mede|||nCarte|h|tmen,reported|ybyacc|dentwhenhegot
caught|nthecrosshreofacartc|assass|nat|onofcommun|st
|eaderJosAntequeraattheBogota|rport.Samperrecov-
ered from h|s wounds and refused to |dent|fy the carte| ' s
ro|e | nthe |nc|dent. lnte|||gence reports |nd|cate that the
uamckers pa|d Samper a huge sum to |ndemn|fy h|m for
the|rerror.
As forAndrsPasuana, hewask|dnappedbytheMed-
e|||nCarte| ' s shocktroops , otherw|seknownastheExtrad|t-
ab|es , back|nJanuary 1 988, andcarte|ch|efta|nPab|oEs-
38 lntemat|ona|
cobarsetaser|esofcond|t|onsforh|s re|ease. Atthet|me,
Pastranawasacand|dateformayorofBogotandhadtaken
aprogrammat|c standaga|nstthedrugtradeanddrugadd|c-
t|on. Pastrananeverrevea|edthecontentsofthed|a|oguehe
he|dw|ththecane|ch|efta|nsdur|ng h|scapt|v|ty, butaer
h|s re|easebythepo||ce, hewas adamant |n defend|ng h|s
captors' good fa|th, and arguedthattheassass|nat|onof
the ant|-drugfomerprosecutorCar|os Mauro Hoyos , who
hadbeenk|dnappedonthesame dayasPastrana,hadbeen
as|mp|eerrorbythecarte| . Pastrana a|so abandonedh|s
ant|-drug-trafhck|ng p|atform, and stuck to po|em|c|z|ng
aga|nstdrugadd|ct|on.
ltcameasnosuqr|sethatafterthek|dnapp|ng,h|sfather
and formerPres|dentM|sae| Pastrana Borrero v|s|ted w|th
thenPres|dentV|rg|||oBarcoandcameawayfromthatmeet-
|ng te|||ng the press that he was go|ng to hght for peace
negot|at|onsw|tha||agentsofv|o|ence.
Un||kePastranaandSamper,formerJust|ceM|n|sterEn-
r|quePare]oGonz|ez, whosurv|vedacarte|assass|n' s bu|-
|ets|nBudapest,Hungary|nJanuary 1 987, hasbeenvehe-
ment|nh|s denunc|at|onsofthedrugtrafhckersandofthe
power-shar|ngnegot|at|onstheGav|r|agovemmenthascon-
ductedw|ththem. Pare]owas m|n|sterof]ust|ce|nthe Be-
tancur govemment dur|ng 1 984-6, and |s one ofthe few
surv|v|ngheroesofthehghtto||berateCo|omb|afromnarco-
terror|sm.
Narco-politics
Today, Pare]o |s a Bogot c|ty counc||man as we|| as
a contenderforthe L|bera| Party pres|dent|a| nom|nat|on.
However,the L|bera| Partymach|neryofSamper, Gav|r|a,
andTurbayaretry|ngtokeeph|moutoftheracebyanyand
a||means .TheNat|ona|Congress |scunent|ydebat|nga|aw
wh|ch wou|dob||gepres|dent|a|cand|datesto refra|n from
wr|t|ngnewspaperart|c|esforam|| s|xmonthspr|ortothe
May 1 994 e|ect|on. The measure wou|d prove part|cu|ar|y
devastat|ngforthecampa|gnofEnr|quePare]o, whoseso|e
means ofcommun|cat|ng h|s |das |s a regu|ar co|umn |n
the da||y El Espectador, and ofanotherd|ss|dent L|bera|
cand|date, Car|os Lemos S|mmoods, whowr|tes aco|umn
forE/Tiempo.
Turbay |s meanwh||e try|ng to arrange for the omc|a|
L|bera|Partycand|datetobechosen|naccordancew|ththe
degreeofsupporte|ectedcongressmeng|vetothed|erent
pre-cand|dates. Th|smeasurewo|deect|ve|ye||m|natethe
|ndependentvotethat|snott|edtothe|oca|partymach|nes ,
wh|charecontro||edbyTurbayadSamper.
By such means , Csar Gav|r|a' s govemment hopes to
assurethat |ts neo-||bera|econom|cpo||c|esand the present
narco-democracy w||| cont|nue to re|gn |n Co|omb|a. lt
wou|d appearthatnoton|ythe Un|tedNat|onsbut a|so the
Un|ted States, wh|ch has w||||ng|y prov|ded refuge to the
fam|||es ofthe carte| ch|efta|ns , are prepared to oerthe|r
fu||back|ng.
EIR June 1 1 , 1 993
ReporttromRio by Silvia Placios
nd
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ln/crna//ona/c]or/sby/hc /nd/gcnoas movcmcn/arc ]ocascd
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T L celebrate the Interational Year
of the Indigenous decreed by the Unit
ed Nations , the leaders of Brazil ' s in
digenous movement represented in
the non-govermental organizations
(NOOs) are in a mobilization to force
constitutional recognition of so-called
Indian lands , which are in fact nothing
more than enclaves within the national
territory.
Although they suffered a severe
blow in late May with the fring of
anthropologist Sidney Possuelo from
the presidency of the National Indian
Foundation, the shock troops of indi
genist causes have redoubled their ef
forts to preserve Possuelo' s deranged
ideas . Possuelo was placed at the head
of the foundation by former President
Ferando Collor de Mello, as a sym
bol of the NOOs ' supranational appa
ratus .
A radical defender of the Yano
mami reservation along the border
with Venezuela, Possuelo also
planned, before he was fred, to hand
over to the few thousand forest-dwell
ers more than 50% of the Amazon ter
ritory of Roraima state. That proposal
was shelved by the Itamar Franco gov
erment .
With Possuelo now out of the pic
ture, prominent members of the ecolo
gist movement such as Congressman
Fabio Feldman, who has always fa
vored the efforts of the interational
banks to impose a "debt-for-nature"
scheme on Brazil , have begun to re
group their forces . In a "Special Infor
mation Bulletin, " Feldman states that
"the indigenous Brazilian community
has good reason to be concered. The
goverment' s initiatives with regard
to demarcation of their lands , taxa-
EIR June 1 1 , 1 993
tion, and other measures, are slow or
clearly not taking effect at all . " Feld
man appealed to the NOOs to reacti
vate their campaign in favor of Bra
zil 's indigenous tribes .
National and interational efforts
by the ecologist-indigenist activists
are currently focused on pressuring
for the demarcation of some 5 1 0 pro
tected indigenous areas-a total of 89
million hectares of land! -by Oct. 5
ofthis year, as specifed by the Consti
tution.
In obedience to the neo-colonial
precepts of the "new world order, " the
Collor goverment had already de
limited the vast Yanomami reserve
along a strategically critical border
area. That action has been the target of
innumerable challenges by nationalist
forces , especially by the Brazilian
Armed Forces , for the purpose of
modifying that decree.
In response, numerous indigenous
leaders manipulated by the anthropol
ogists have begun to direct intera
tional pressure against the Franco
goverment . For example, represen
tatives of the Amazon indigenous
communities have submitted a peti
tion in Paris asking the European na
tions for help in winning "respect" for
their rights and that "the Brazilian
goverment [should] delimit the terri
tories . " Paris is a coordinating center
for indigenous causes , through the
sponsorship of First Lady Daniele
Mitterrand.
At the same time, Indian leader
Paiakan has again begun to draw at
tention in the English-language press ,
the result of a criminal case against
him, in which he is charged with rap
ing a non-Indian girl . The courts have
been unable to! impose the usual sen
tence for such a crime, because he has
been protected by a special indigenous
"statute. "
Among ouer planned actions a
a meeting of aAmazon Indian lead
ers in the Xingl Park in the frst week
of June. The site served as the stage
for a similar e
\
ent in 1 988, when Eu
ropean ecologits such as Anita Rod
dick, the British owner of a chain of
stores which slls products from the
Amazon, issue their war cry against
technological wogress , and especially
against the contrction of hydroelec
tric plants in th region, under the pre
text that they ate "harmful to the envi
ronment . "
The meeti
'
g i s being coordinated
by, among thers , the Intertribal
Committee, o e of the authors of the
"Karioca Declm ation" issued at last
year' s Eco-92 ummit . That declara
tion calls for lmiting national sover
eignty throughl the creation of indige
nous "enclave. "
Another meting, this one conti
nental , will be held in July in the city
of Bahia, spon&ored by a series of enti
ties represente by the "Continental
Indigenous , BI
n a sc
hts LhtncsccOunlcqM,
QtanQtchc.
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Lhrtsltan d MusItm wOrshtpprs
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lsracI ` s cIOtngOllhcbOrdcrsculOH
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ccOnOmtc,cuIluraI ,andsptrtIuaIccn
lcrlhcrc.
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rcclcdagatt}slUzbcktslan. ` 1htswas
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lhc5OvtclntOntnIalc1991.
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SINGAPORE bcgan On !unc Z
lhc prOccsOl cIccltng tls hcad Ol
slalc,lOrlhhrslltmctnhtslOQ, buI
lhc OpOsltOn wOuId hnd tl gutIc
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'
lntemat|ona| 41
'UUooK
YehistoriayeHlor
muusimihemium
by Mark Burdman
Prepa for the Tent-Ft Centur
by Paul Kennedy
Random House, New York, 1 993
428 pages, hardbound, $25
That Paul Kennedy' s Preparingfor the Twent-First Centur
has rapidly become the most talked-about book of this year,
moving close to the top of the bestseller list in Germany
within weeks of its translation from the English and promi
nently hyped in much of the British and American media,
tells more about the perverse state of mind and priorities
of the predominant factions within the transatlantic liberal
establishment which are promoting Kennedy' s theses , than it
is does about the merits of the book. Admittedly, the British
bor, Yale University historian has compiled an impressive
array of data and has taken up some provocative and challeng
ing themes . But, for the most part, his work is a mixture
of monumental incompetence combined with disinformation
and fraud. Rather than being the sober historical and social
analysis that one might expect from the much-touted histori
an and author, whose Rise and Fall of the Great Powers
produced considerable controversy after its publication in
1 987, Preparing for the Twent-First Centur is ideology
and special pleading under the cover of objective academic
research.
Kennedy is really pleading for a specifc agenda and cul
tural-historical paradigm, and this explains why the book has
42 Books
gotten so much attention in te liberal media and within
transatlantic policy institution like the infuential Davos,
Switzerland, World Economic
P
olicy forum, to which Ken
nedy was invited to speak earlir this year. He is arguing, in
the trendy vocabulary of the lasl decade' s globalist Zeitgeist,
for new geopolitical cult root primarily in demographics,
an updated version of the world view of Parson Thomas
Malthus . The driving force, an4 central threat , in Kennedy' s
world, as i n the late 1 8th-centuof Malthus , is demographic
growth. Rapid demographic grwth is a determining factor
in causing wars and political in,tability, with the added twist
today that it also damages the i 'global environment . " Com
batting the threat of "overpopdlation, " in Kennedy' s view,
justifes , or necessitates , an iperial world order ruled by
rentier-fnancier interests . Just s Britain came out on top of
the world of the 1 9th century, ! so today, a British-modeled
world order must prevail , he blieves.
The book is mainly desigaed to catalyze and shape a
policy debate within the tranatlantic elites, with various
malthusians speculating about Whether Kennedy has gone a
bit too far, or not far enough. the Feb. 1 4 New York Times
book review, for example, wcomed Kennedy as a latter
day Malthus , but complained (hat he lacked the "degree of
intellectual fearlessness equal t that which emboldened Mal
thus himself, a God-fearing clegyman, to argue against char
ity because it was a cause ofi population growth and thus
of human misery. " The Times i insisted that "more pointed"
questions must supplement Kennedy' s arguments, if a truly
draconian world order is to be mrmed that can enforce depop
ulation: "What form of politica leadership will sufce to halt
EIR June 1 1 , 1 993
the juggerauts of demographic, economic and ecological
change? Can demographic explosions be halted without re
course to severe, even repressive population policies? . . .
Can an allocation of carbon emission rights be instituted or
enforced without military force?"
The book' s release coincides with an escalation of mal
thusian propaganda, as the date approaches for the United
Nations Third Interational Conference on Population in
Cairo in September 1 994, and as the abject refusal of the
West to stop genocide in former Yugoslavia accommodates
growing segments of the wester public to murder on a mass
scale. Kennedy is a spokesman for that transatlantic group
which has appeased the Serbs, and his facile characterization
of the Balkan war as a "civil war" is symptomatic of his
world view.
As we will show, the 2 1 st century that Kennedy projects ,
is one from which essential technological and scientifc
breakthroughs have been axiomatically excluded. It is not
that these processes have no future from a scientifc stand
point-quite the opposite-but rather that Kennedy and his
co-thinkers believe, with the arrogance of would-be gods of
Olympus, that they can deny the existence of whatever they
would prefer did not exist, and then prevent it from coming
into existence by their control over fnancial processes, the
media, scientifc institutions , and so on.
That apparent strength, however, is also their Achilles'
heel . The 2 1 st century of Paul Kennedy will never actually
transpire; if the axioms and postulates that Kennedy espouses
determine policy, the world will descend into a profound
breakdown crisis , and perhaps generalized world war, well
before we reach the year 2000. Wherever there exist human
beings desiring development and progress , in such locations
there will be points of resistance to Kennedy and his promot
ers , and it is out of that resistance that a counter-vision of the
future, one that can give hope to humanity, can be built .
'Winners and losers' in a malthusian world
Kennedy' s concept of history, and the vision of reality
that fows from it, i s, at best, a reductionist' s cultist quackery,
and at worst , a kind of science-fction fantasy projected into
the past , present , and future.
According to him, "we should see the demographic and
economic conditions of the late 1 8th century as a metaphor
for the challenges facing our present global society, two
centuries afer Malthus' s ponderings . " Then, France' s insta
bility and ensuing territorial expansionism under Napoleon
Bonaparte, were driven by the underlying problem of "over
population": "In France, popular discontents smashed an an
cien regime that was less well structured than Britain in agri
culture, industry, and commerce, and in its social framework
and attitudes , to sustain rapid demographic growth. By the
time the French Revolution' s early hopes had been destroyed
by terror, reaction, and then Bonapartism, an enormous num
ber of young, energetic, and frustrated Frenchmen were be-
EIR June 1 1 , 1 993
ing deployed in armies of occupatn outside France, where
many if not most of them died fromcombat or disease. Terri
torial conquest thus played its traitional role as a vent for
overpopUlation, social tensions, nd political frustrations"
(emphasis in original) .
'
What France supposedly was fQr that period, much of the
developing sector is for today. Pre!iewing the 21 st century,
Kennedy defnes the "important iplication of population
change upon interational security'as "the prospect of demo
graphically driven social unrest, plitical instability and re
gional wars . . . . " He writes: "Behind many well-known
historical upheavals-the outward! thrust of the Vikings, the
expansion of Elizabethan England, the French Revolution,
Wilhelmine Weltpolitik, the turbtlences that rack Central
America and the Middle East tod-the societies involved
were experiencing population explosions , and often having
difculty in absorbing increasing n\mbers of energetic young
men. "
!
In today' s world, as seen by Pa\l Kennedy and those who
think like him, the problem is vastlworsened by the alleged
"damage to the ecology" caused by growing populations de
vouring scarce resources, which hiS "greatly increased . . .
the speed of the human assault un nature. " Kennedy is a
fanatical promoter of the greenhoue effect, global warming,
and ozone hole hoaxes , to the extent that he not only never
bothers to present any proof for thse ostensible phenomena,
but also dismisses out of hand anything that challenges the
prevailing inquisitorial orthodoxy: "Given the nature of
American politics , it is difcult at present to imagine much
leadership in Washington on global-warming issues . Instead,
there is a tendency to point to the difering scientifc opinions
in this matter, to suggest that fears about the greenhouse
effect have been exaggerated, and to indicate that it would
be unwise to devote funds and alter Hfe-styles to meet circum
stances that might not actually oCur; and . . . those argu
ments are supported by skeptical sientists and economists. "
As if, somehow, i t i s a matter of venal opportunism that
leading scientists and economists don' t believe it is necessa
to "devote funds and alter life-styles" to accommodate ecolo
gists' fantasies !
Technology, such as it exists in Paul Kennedy' s future
universe, will predominantly help those who are at present
better of, primarily the Japanese and several European na
tions , and hurt the worst-off, the Africans being at the bottom
of the heap. The only two frontiertehnological developments
that he grants real signifcance to le biotechnology and ro
botics . His argument concering these is, in summar form:
Biotechnology will certainly increase food production, but it
will be dominated by powerful multinational cororations of
the U. S. and other advanced sector countries, and will be ef
fectively denied the developing setor (which has come to be
known as "technological apartheid") . Biotechnology will also
progressively eliminate the species of farer, by "de-materi
alizing" the production of food. Robotics, meanwhile, will
Books 43
Astronauts training to efect repairs on the future Space Telescope
in 1979 in the Neutral Buoyancy Simulator, a huge water tank
used to simulate zero gravit, at Marshall Space Flight Center in
Huntsville, Alabama. Space explorationfor the new malthusians
like Paul Kennedy is anathema: His ilk think it' s bad enoughfor
the Earth to be so populated with mankind, who is in the image of
God; they can' t bear the thought that a new Renaissance would
lead people to colonize and expand on other planets as well .
manIy work to tbc bcncht ol!apan and a bandluI olotbcr
countrcs , but wII progrcssvcIy undcrmnc manulacturng
Iabor, tbcrcby lurtbcr burtng countrcs wtb Iargc popuIa-
tons, wbcbrcgurc Iabor-ntcnsvc`approacbcs.
Wbat tbs combnaton oldcmograpbcaIIy dctcrmncd
bstory and scIcctvcIydcvcIopcd tccbnoIogy adds upto, n
Kcnncdy` s vcw, s tbat tbc worId ncvtabIy bas wnncrs
and Ioscrs , ` as n a sports matcb. Hstory s, oncc agan,
producng ts I sts olwnncrs and Ioscrs . Lconomc cbangc
andtccbnoIogcaIdcvcIopmcnt ,Ikcwarsorsportngtourna-
mcnts , arc usuaIIy not bcnchcaI to aII . rogrcss , wcIcomcd
by opttmstc voccs lrom tbc LnIgbtcnmcnt to our prcscnt
agc, bcnchts tbosc groups or natons tbat arc abIc to takc
advantagcoltbcncwcrmctbodsandsccncc, justastdamag-
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andpoItcaIIytorcspondtocbangc. `
Kcnncdydcdcatcsbsbooktoaboys` socccrtcam nMcw
Havcn, Lonncctcuttbatbc coacbcs, and bs bograpby on
tbc back book-jackct concIudcs , Hc aIso coacbcs socccr. `
5portscompctton, oltbctypctbatoncundoubtcdIycxpcr-
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44 Uooks
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Lntcd5tatcsandcIscwbcrc,tbat I asncrcasngIybccnbran-
wasbcd, to vcwtbc worIdas l wcrc a sportsmatcb.
Lons stcnt wtb tbs , s Kcnncdy` s v cwtbat MaIthus ` s
LngI and` s ancxampIcol aw ncr` nbstory. l coursc,
MaItbus ` s LngI and` s atcrmsynnymouswtb tbc Urtsb
Lmprc, `wbcbwon`onIybccausctcongucrcdanddcvas-
tatcd otbcrpcopIcs . Kcnncdy s csstbanlrank, cmpIoyng
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He sa|d, The meek sha|| |nh
tn
WacO wO0Id makc lhc LOs AngcIcs rtOl
paIctncOmpartsOn. 1hc slalcmcnl,hOwcv-
cr, was uppOscdIy madc On AprtI ,
l Zlhnc and a haIt wccks bclOrc lhc
L. A. rtOl bcgan. ApparcnlIy sOmcbOdy
Itcd abOul Mr. KOrcsh` s 'lhrcal , ` and lhc
magtslralc dtdn` lnOltcc. `
I
As ory mounts, Texas
court stays execution
1hc1cxas LOurlOtLrtmtnaIAppcaIsvOlcd
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daysOn!mc Z. 1hcruItngwaslhcrcsuIlOl
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cvtdcnccOltnnOccncc.
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cxccultOn O tOur grOunds , lwO Ol whtch
wcrcrcIad lO raham` s ncw cvtdcncc Ol
tnnOccncc. WhtIc lOur Ol lhc ntnc judgcs
Ol lhc 1cxas LOurl vOlcd lO hcm lhc ncw
cvtdcncc, lhc rcItctgranlcd was mOn nM-
rOw. 1hccOurlsatdtlwOuIdslayaQra-
ham` s cxcultOn unltI lhc U. 5. 5uprcmc
LOurlruIOnlhccascOlJohnson V. Texas.
whtch chkIIcngcs lhc cOnsltlultOnaItly Ol
1cxas` s rclusaI lO cOnstdcr yOulh` a mtlt-
galtng laclOr tn tmpOstng captlaI puntsh-
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bccn a mnOr ( 1 7) whcn hc cOmmtllcd lhc
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lultOnaIIy puntshcdbylhcIcgaIsyslcm, lhal
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sOmclhtng whtch t s, wtlhtn J days, dclcr-
mtncd lO bc uncOnsltlultOnaI . Wtlh lhts
muchalsIakc, lhc slalc wtII watlJ0days. `
1hcU. 5. uprcmcLOurlmuslruIcOnJohn
son V. Tas bctOrc1unc J.
1hc1cxasbOardOllardOnsandlarOIcs
mcl lhc smc day, bul lOOk nO acltOn ahcr
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rccctvcd hOusands Ol caIIs stncc ApnI .
1hcvcryacl lhallhcbOardmcltsaIsOduc
EIR June 1 1 , 1 993
to the mobilization: Since the U. S. Supreme
Court declared in Herrera that state clemen
cy proceedings were the remedy for cases
where new evidence of innocence was ob
tained, the Texas board and Gov. Ann Rich
ards, who says she lacks the power to grant
clemency without the board' s authorization,
have been broadly attacked. Calls continue
to Gov. Ann Richards to grant clemency at
(512) 463-200as well as to the Texas Board
of Pardons and Paroles at (512) 406-5867.
USDA disputes EPA' s
methyl bromide phaseout
A dispute is building within the Clinton ad
ministration over the Environmental Protec
tion Agency' s mandated phaseout of methyl
bromide in January 200. That target is too
early and too drastic, according to the U. S.
Department of Agriculture. There i s no sci
entifc evidence that the widely used chemi
cal depletes the ozone layer, and there is no
replacement developed for the pesticide and
fumigant.
Nancy Ragsdale, who directs the
USDA' s National Pesticide Impact Assess
ment Program, said of the EPA action: "We
would prefer better science before such
drastic action is taken. " It will cost farmers
$1. 6 billion to replace methyl bromide.
USDA environmental toxicologist Willis
Wheeler stated: "There really isn' t good sol
id evidence of methyl bromide' s ozone
depletion potential . This order could be off
by an order of magnitude. "
Science panels debunk
environmental frauds
More than 20 scientists, intellectuals, and
jouralists met over May 24-25 in W ashing
ton, D. C. for a conference on "Scientifc
Integrity in the Public Policy Process," to
examine the impact of scientifc frauds on
science, public policy, and legislation.
Some of the world' s top experts in various
scientifc felds debunked the most popular
scares in the press today, including global
EIR June 1 1 , 1 993
warming, ozone depletion, acid rain, nucle
ar winter, radon, and cancer risks from
chemicals . The last panel was on the role of
the media in spreading lies and disinforma
tion. The conference was co-sponsored by
the International Institute of George Mason
University and the Science and Environ
mental Policy Project .
It was clear from the presentations and
discussions that there is an upheaval in the
scientifc community against the environ
mental frauds that have been perpetrated in
the past several decades . At the same time,
the speakers on the media panel emphasized
that the most prominent newspapers and
magazines in the country, have decided to
shift their coverage of environmental issues
to refect some scientifc truth, not just the
claims of the environmentalists .
bcarattLumbardLcaguc
callcdmudcllurL. b.
Thomas Fleming, editor of the Rockford In
stitute' s Chronicles magazine, called for
setting up a U. S. separatist movement along
the lines of Italy' s Lombard League and or
ganized a conference along the same theme
in March.
Fleming, who is avidly pro-Confeder
ate, wrote in the February issue of Chroni
cles that "the reality of life in America" is
"the rioting and rampages pertuated by an
underclass that consists, for the most part,
of unassimilated minorities . . . . There d
only two alternatives for this continental
empire that has never been a real nation:
either we fnd the means to decentralize de
cision-making and restore authority to the
old institutions of family and town and
country (and even state), or else we lapse
into a multifaceted civil war of blacks
against Hispanics against whites against
blacks against Jews . "
He called for the creation of a movement
devoted to "political devolution," privatiza
tion, and "protection of the national inter
est . " "If there is no movement or party wit
ing to embrace a Leghist program," he
wrote, "then one needs to be formed, and if
that is impossible, my advice is to stockpile
ammunition and invest in bullet-proof doors
and shutters . "
UUg
DOUGLAS WILDER, gover
nor of Virginia, called for "forgive
ness of debt" for Africa to allow it to
develop, in a speech on May 25, at
the second African-African-Ameri
can Conferenqe in Gabon. Wilder has
invited 20 Afican leaders to attend
the Souther Goverors Conference
in Richmond i mid-September.
NANCY $PANNAUS, political
associate of Lyndon LaRouche, an
nounced on ay 28 that she has of
cially qualife to be on the ballot for
goveror of irginia this fall . Span
naus will run as an independent
against formet state attorey general
Democrat M Sue Tery. Spannaus
is heading a state of some 20 candi
dates under tae banner, "Bring Jus
tice to Virginia. "
I
HIV INFJCTION rates have
made a big jump among Texas wom
en who hav
'
iven birth, going fom
0. 9 per I , in 1991 to 1. 14 per
1, 00 in 199 , a 27% rise. The fg
ures are based: on random blood sam
ples drawn from newbors by the
Texas Deparent of Health. The
testing is anonymous, so there is no
way to inform the women that they,
and possibly teir infants, cary the
HIV virus. .
A CLASS1FIED CIA report says
that Kuwait ay have "cooked the
books" on tM alleged Iraqi plot to
assassinate George Bush, according
to the Boston Globe on May 28. The
May 13 analysis by the CIA' s Count
er Terrorism qenter says that the Ku
waitis may hve used an unrelated
Iraqi weapon-smuggling operation
to try to puff a threat to wester in-
terests .
!
FLORID1 state legislators ap
proved a bill .0 cut back mandatory
sentencing, by rewriting the state' s
l O-year-old g(idelines on May 28.
Attorey General Janet Reno, a for
mer Dade CO
/
nty district attorey,
has pointed t< Florida' s sentencing
laws as an example of an inefective
policy which s forcing the state to
release violent criminals because of
prison overcrdwding.
National 63
Emtod
On teror
The week of May 23 saw a new wave of interational
teror. While each of three major and several minor
incidents appeared to be unique and distinct , taken to
gether, an entirely diferent picture emerges .
First , on May 26, Mexican Cardinal Juan Jesus
Posadas Ocampo was murdered. An attempt was made
to stage the incident to appear as a drug-related shooting
so that the death might seem accidental , but this was
quickly disproven.
On the same day, a car bomb exploded near the
Uffzi Gallery in Florence, destroying priceless paint
ings and sculptures and killing 5 and injuring 30 people.
This has been ofcially attributed to the mafa; how
ever, within and without Italy, such an action by crimi
nal gangs alone is viewed as improbable, especially
when coupled with the fact that another car bomb was
placed near the seat of the goverment in Rome on June
2.
In Germany, there have been a number of arsons ,
with the most horrible being the buring alive of fve
long-time Turkish residents in Germany (three adults
and two children) . This has unleashed a typical gang
countergang operation, with neo-Nazi skinheads
squared off against radical terrorists of the Danny
Cohn-Bendit stripe. While there is extensive documen
tation that the neo-Nazi skinhead phenomenon is not a
"German" phenomenon but is being led by skinheads
from Britain and Ku Klux Klansmen in the United
States, this incident is being used as the pretext to
launch new scare stories about the emergence of a so
called "Fourth Reich. "
All these incidents point to a massive destabiliza
tion campaign targeting the Vatican in particular, and
wester Christian culture in general . The fact that , on
May 30, some 1 50, 000 people marched in Florence to
protest these outrages , was a hopeful indication that
the bestiality signaled by these terrorist incidents will
backfre. Of course, this is some 15 years overdue.
Fifteen years ago, the role of British Masonry and
its offshoots in fomenting right- and left-wing terrorist
4 National
groups , and in arranging a series of assassinations , was
well known to intelligence agncies in Italy, Germany,
and the United States-in no small measure due to the
work of EIR in exposing the matter.
This is a process begun in the 1 9th century, under
the leadership of Britain' s Lod Palmerston, who used
assets such as Giuseppe Mazini to destroy Italy, or at
least to control it . The Verailles Treaty, the post
World War II Yalta agreemnt , and the New Yalta
policies represented by the Thatcher-Gorbachov-Bush
troika, represent a continuation of these same policies
in this century. Anglo-American forces and their B' nai
B' rith allies , organized through freemasonic channels ,
are working to destroy nation such as Germany, Italy,
and Mexico.
Historically, Scottish Rite Frmasonry has been te
ideological center of the British imprial faction, which
itself was a offshot in the 17th century of a Venetia
grouping. The essence of the matter is the Venetia par
faction, or te imprial faction of Britain, as exemplifed
by Lord Palmerston and the rle of the British Grad
Lodge over such Eurpan lodges as the Grad Oent
and the B 'nai B'rith. This faction is determined to destoy
te nation-states of te world, ad to impose a new feuda
ism in te for of one-world goverment in its place.
Such a plan is utopia and cannot succeed, but it is none
theless extmely dagerous.
This faction is the global enemy which must b
destroyed if civilization is to be preserved. It is not that
they can win, but that all civilization may be destroyed,
as whole nations become bestialized on the model of
the Serbian monstrosity. A frst step, is to recognize
that terrorism is not a local occurence, but that it is
being directed by an interational cabal and must be
fought accordingly on an interational level .
The post-Versailles world order is rapidly crum
bling, and the situation is going out of control . The
Anglo-American "Venetians" of today are far weaker
than the British Empire was at the time of the American
Revolution. Their defeat is long overdue.
EIR June 1 1 , 1 993
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The LaRouche Connection
3rd Sun. every month-2 p. m.
I RONDEQUOI T-Ca bl e Ch. 1 2
The LaRouche Connection
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MANHATTAN-MNN Ch. 69
The LaRouche Connection
Saturdays-1 2 Noon
QUEENS-QPTV Ch. 56
The LaRouche Connection
Wednesdays-6 p. m.
ROCHESTER-GRC Ch. 1 9
The LaRouche Connection
Fri days-1 0 : 30 p. m.
Saturdays-1 1 a. m.
STATEN I SL. -SI C-TV Ch. 24
The LaRouche Connection
Wednesdays-1 1 p. m.
Saturdays-8 a. m.
WESTCHESTER-
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The LaRouche Connection
Fri days-6 p. m.
OREGON
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The LaRouche Connection
Wednesdays-1 p. m.
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PORTLAND-Cabl e Access
The Ugly Truth About the ADL
Mon. , June 28-1 p. m.
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The LaRouche Ccmnection
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The LaRouche Connection
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The LaRouche Connection
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The Schiler Institute Show
Mondays-8 p. m.
WASHINGTON
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The LaRouche Connection
Mondays-3 : 30 p. m.
SPOKANE-Cox Ch. 20
Stop Word War II in the
Balkans
Weds. , June 1 6-4 p. m.
Fascist Roots of Political
Correctness
Weds. , J u ne 30-4 p. m.
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Fi rst ti me ever i n pri nt
The ful l , unexpurgated stor
of the Du Pont ki dnap case
Read, i n thei r own words:
How the ki dnappers-member of the
cri mi nal Cult Awareness Netork
pl oted to seduce, ki dnap, drug, and, if
necessar, ki l l du Pont hei r Lewi s du
Pont Smith, to stop his associ ati on with
pol itical l eader Lyndon LaRouche; then
went scot-free i n the same j udi ci al
system that condemned LaRouche to l i fe
in prison .
How Ol l i e Norh' s Vietnam tentmate, a
Loudoun County Vi rgi ni a deputy sherif,
was at the center of a near-miss
assassi nation of LaRouche by
sharpshooters duri ng a 400-man
parami l itar rai d.
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