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Powerelectronicslabmanualmeped 111122182629 Phpapp02 - 2
Powerelectronicslabmanualmeped 111122182629 Phpapp02 - 2
Powerelectronicslabmanualmeped 111122182629 Phpapp02 - 2
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
o
o t
t
m rms
V V
For RLE load discontinuous conduction:
3. Average dc output voltage V
dc
is
|
.
|
\
|
+ + =
t
o
t
1 ) cos 1 ( E
V
V
m
dc
4. RMS output voltage ( )
2
1
2
2
2
2 sin
2
1
(
(
)
`
+ + |
.
|
\
|
+ = | o t
o
o t
t
E
V
V
m
rms
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
8
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR R-L-E LOAD
Model graph for R-L-E Load with continuous conduction
( = 30 , R=100 , L=200mH, E=30V)
Model graph for R-L-E Load with discontinuous conduction
( = 90 , R=100 , L=200mH, E=30V)
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
9
General Formula:
5. Rectification efficiency
2
2
%
rms
dc
V
V
=
6. Form factor
dc
rms
V
V
FF =
7. Peak inverse voltage
m
V PIV =
8. Ripple factor 1
2
= FF RF
Where
m
V = maximum or peak voltage in volts =
s
V 2
s
V = Supply voltage in volts
= Firing angle
= Extinction angle
= Conduction angle = -
Procedure:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram for RL load
2. Switch on the triggering kit
3. Switch on the 24V AC supply
4. Switch on the debounce logic
5. By varying potentiometer vary the firing angle of the converter in order to vary the
output voltage step by step.
6. For each step note down the firing angle, output voltage and load current.
7. The output voltage is theoretically calculated for each step and the readings are
tabulated.
8. Repeat the same procedure for RLE load.
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
10
Tabulation for RL load:
V
s
= R= L=
S.No. Firing Angle
in degree
I
dc
Measured
in milliamps
V
dc
Measured
in volts
V
dc
Calculated
in volts
V
rms
Calculated
in volts
Continuous conduction
Discontinuous conduction
Tabulation for RLE load:
V
s
= R= L= E= =
S.No. Firing Angle
in degree
I
dc
Measured
in milliamps
V
dc
Measured
in volts
V
dc
Calculated
in volts
V
rms
Calculated
in volts
Continuous conduction
Discontinuous conduction
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
11
INFERENCE:
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is power electronics?
2. What are the types of converter in power electronics?
3. What is firing angle?
4. What is active load?
5. Why the negative voltage is not possible in semi converter?
6. What is freewheeling diode?
7. Is a separate freewheeling diode necessary for semi converter? Justify your answer.
RESULT:
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
12
SINGLE PHASE FULL-CONVERTER WITH R-L AND R-L-E LOADS FOR
CONTINUOUS AND DISCONTINUOUS CONDUCTION MODES
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR R-L LOAD
Model graph for R-L Load with continuous conduction
( = 30 , R=100 , L=200mH)
Model graph for R-L Load with discontinuous conduction
( = 90 , R=100 , L=200mH)
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
13
SINGLE PHASE FULL-CONVERTER WITH R-L AND R-L-E LOADS FOR
CONTINUOUS AND DISCONTINUOUS CONDUCTION MODES
AIM:
To study the wave form for single phase fully controlled bridge rectifier with R-L
and R-L-E loads for continuous and discontinuous conduction modes.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Name of the item Type Range Quantity
1 SCR module with protection TYN612 600V,12A 4
2 SCR Triggering Kit - - 1
3 Battery - 12V 1
4 Ammeter MC (0-500) mA 1
5 Voltmeter MC (0-30) V 1
6 CRO - - 1
7 CRO Brobe - - 1
8 Patch Cards - - 10
FORMULA USED:
For RL load continuous and for RLE load continuous conduction:
1. Average dc output voltage V
dc
is o
t
cos
2
m
dc
V
V =
2. RMS output voltage V
rms
is
s
m
rms
V
V
V = =
2
For RL load discontinuous conduction:
3. Average dc output voltage V
dc
is ) cos (cos | o
t
=
m
dc
V
V
4. RMS output voltage V
rms
is
2
1
2
2
2 sin
2
2 sin
2
(
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
o |
o |
t
m
rms
V
V
For RLE load discontinuous conduction:
5. Average dc output voltage V
dc
is ( ( )) | o t | o
t
+ + = E V V
m dc
) cos (cos
1
6. RMS output voltage ( )
2
1
2
2
2
2 sin
2
2 sin
2
1
(
(
)
`
+ + |
.
|
\
|
+ = | o t
o |
o |
t
E
V
V
m
rms
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
14
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR R-L-E LOAD
Model graph for R-L-E Load with continuous conduction
( = 30 , R=100 , L=300mH, E=30V)
Model graph for R-L-E Load with discontinuous conduction
( = 90 , R=100 , L=300mH, E=30V)
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
15
General Formula:
7. Rectification efficiency
2
2
%
rms
dc
V
V
=
8. Form factor
dc
rms
V
V
FF =
9. Peak inverse voltage
m
V PIV =
10. Ripple factor 1
2
= FF RF
Where
m
V = maximum or peak voltage in volts =
s
V 2
s
V = Supply voltage in volts
= Firing angle
= Extinction angle
= Conduction angle = -
Procedure:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram for RL load
2. Switch on the triggering kit
3. Switch on the 24V AC supply
4. Switch on the debounce logic
5. By varying potentiometer vary the firing angle of the converter in order to vary the
output voltage step by step.
6. For each step note down the firing angle, output voltage and load current.
7. The output voltage is theoretically calculated for each steps and the readings are
tabulated.
8. Repeat the same procedure for RLE load.
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
16
Tabulation for RL load:
V
s
= R= L= =
S.No. Firing Angle
in degree
I
dc
Measured
in milliamps
V
dc
Measured
in volts
V
dc
Calculated
in volts
V
rms
Calculated
in volts
Continuous conduction
Discontinuous conduction
Tabulation for RLE load:
V
s
= R= L= E= =
S.No. Firing Angle
in degree
I
dc
Measured
in milliamps
V
dc
Measured
in volts
V
dc
Calculated
in volts
V
rms
Calculated
in volts
Continuous conduction
Discontinuous conduction
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
17
INFERENCE:
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is inversion mode of operation?
2. When we connect a freewheeling diode in full converter what will be the output?
3. Why the inversion mode is not possible in semi converter?
4. Why the power factor of full converter is lower than semi converter?
5. What is,, and ?
RESULT:
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
18
THREE PHASE FULL-CONVERTER WITH R-L-E LOAD FOR CONTINUOUS AND
DISCONTINUOUS CONDUCTION MODES
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR R-L-E LOAD
Model graph for R-L-E Load with continuous conduction
( = 30 , R=100 , L=1000mH, E=50V)
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
19
THREE PHASE FULL-CONVERTER WITH R-L-E LOAD FOR CONTINUOUS AND
DISCONTINUOUS CONDUCTION MODES
AIM:
To study the wave form for three phase full-converter with r-l-e load for
continuous and discontinuous conduction modes
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Name of the item Type Range Quantity
1 3 SCR module with protection TYN612 600V,12A 4
2 3 Triggering Kit - - 1
3 DC motor Sep. Excited 1 KW 1
4 Ammeter MC (0-5) A 1
5 Voltmeter MC (0-600) V 1
6 CRO - - 1
7 CRO Brobe - - 1
8 Patch Cards - - 10
FORMULA USED:
For RLE load continuous conduction:
1. Average dc output voltage V
dc
is o
t
cos
3 3
m
dc
V
V =
2. RMS output voltage V
rms
is
2
1
2 cos
4
3 3
2
1
3
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ = o
t
m rms
V V
For RLE load discontinuous conduction:
3. Average dc output voltage V
dc
is
4. RMS output voltage
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
20
Model graph for R-L-E Load with discontinuous conduction
( = 80 , R=100 , L=100mH, E=50V)
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
21
General Formula:
5. Rectification efficiency
2
2
%
rms
dc
V
V
=
6. Form factor
dc
rms
V
V
FF =
7. Peak inverse voltage
m
V PIV 3 =
8. Ripple factor 1
2
= FF RF
Where
m
V = maximum or peak phase voltage in volts =
s
V 2
s
V = Supply phase voltage in volts
= Firing angle
= Extinction angle
= Conduction angle = -
Procedure:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram for RL load
2. Switch on the triggering kit
3. Switch on the 24V AC supply
4. Switch on the debounce logic
5. By varying potentiometer vary the firing angle of the converter in order to vary the
output voltage step by step.
6. For each step note down the firing angle, output voltage and load current.
7. The output voltage is theoretically calculated for each steps and the readings are
tabulated.
8. Repeat the same procedure for RLE load.
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
22
Tabulation for RLE load:
V
s
= R= L= E= =
S.No. Firing Angle
in degree
I
dc
Measured
in milliamps
V
dc
Measured
in volts
V
dc
Calculated
in volts
V
rms
Calculated
in volts
Continuous conduction
Discontinuous conduction
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
23
INFERENCE:
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. Why we go for three phase converter?
2. What are the applications of three phase full converter?
3. What are the methods to reduce the ripple content?
4. Explain about the commutation?
5. What are the differences between converter grade SCR and inverter grade SCR?
RESULT:
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
24
MOSFET BASED STEP UP AND STEP DOWN CHOPPER
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR STEP DOWN OPERATION
Model graph for step down operation
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
25
MOSFET BASED STEP UP AND STEP DOWN CHOPPER
AIM:
To study the wave form for MOSFET based step down chopper, step up chopper
and step up & step down chopper for different load for continuous and discontinuous
conduction modes.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Name of the item Type Range Quantity
1 MOSFET Module IRF 840 - 1
2 Ammeter MC (0-500mA) 1
3 Voltmeter MC (0-30V) 1
4 Rheostat - - 1
5 RPS - (0-30V) 1
6 Diode Py 127 - 1
7 Inductor Ferrite core 100mH 1
8 CRO - - 1
9 CRO Probe - - 1
10 Patch cards - - -
FORMULA USED:
For step down chopper
1. Average dc output voltage V
dc
is
s dc
V V " =
2. RMS output voltage V
rms
is
s rms
V V " =
For step up chopper
3. Average dc output voltage V
dc
is
( ) "
=
1
s
dc
V
V
For step up and step down chopper
4. Average dc output voltage V
dc
is
( ) "
"
=
1
s
dc
V
V
Where
" = Duty cycle of the chopper
T
T
ON
= "
T
ON
= on time
T = Total time
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
26
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR STEP UP OPERATION
Model graph for step up operation
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
27
Procedure:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram for step down chopper
2. Switch on the RPS first and turn on triggering kit
3. Switch on the debounce logic
4. By changing the width of the pulse, obtain the different set of reading.
5. For each step note down the duty cycle, output voltage and load current.
6. The output voltage is theoretically calculated for each step and the readings are
tabulated.
7. Repeat the same procedure for step up chopper and step up& step down
chopper.
8. Draw the graph as per the reading in the table.
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
28
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR STEP UP AND STEPDOWN OPERATION
Model graph for step down operation
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
29
INFERENCE:
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is chopper and what are the devices generally used for chopper?
2. What are the types of chopper?
3. What are the control strategies used for choppers?
4. Why frequency modulation is not preferred mostly?
5. Why thyristor is not preferred in chopper circuit mostly?
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
30
Tabulation for step down chopper: V
s
= T=
S.No. T
ON
in
ms
" "" " =
T
T
ON
I
dc
(Avg)
Measured
in mA
V
dc
(Avg)
Measured
in volts
V
dc
(Avg)
Calculated
in volts
s dc
V V " =
1
2
3
4
5
Tabulation for step up chopper: V
s
= T=
S.No. T
ON
in
ms
" "" " =
T
T
ON
I
dc
(Avg)
Measured
in mA
V
dc
(Avg)
Measured
in volts
V
dc
(Avg)
Calculated
in volts
( ) "
=
1
s
dc
V
V
1
2
3
4
5
Tabulation for step down & step up chopper: V
s
= T=
S.No. T
ON
in
ms
" "" " =
T
T
ON
I
dc
(Avg)
Measured
in mA
V
dc
(Avg)
Measured
in volts
V
dc
(Avg)
Calculated
in volts
( ) "
"
=
1
s
dc
V
V
1
2
3
4
5
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
31
RESULT:
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
32
IGBT BASED SINGLE PHASE PWM INVERTER
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
33
IGBT BASED SINGLE PHASE PWM INVERTER
AIM:
To study the wave form for single phase bridge inverter with R load
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Name of the item Type Range Quantity
1 IGBT Module - - 1
2 Inverter control module - - 1
3 CRO - - 1
4 Ammeter MI (0-5A) 1
5 Voltmeter MI (0-300V) 1
6 Patch cards - - -
FORMULA USED:
1. Modulation index (m)
is m = A
r
/ Ac
2. Output voltage V
0
= m Vs
Where
A
r
= Amplitude of reference signal
A
c
= Amplitude of carrier signal
V
s
= Source voltage
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
34
Model graph
Sinusoidal Pulse width modulation
Voltage and current waveforms
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
35
Precaution:
1. Check whether AC main switch is off condition in both the trainer.
2. Check whether control module mode selector switch is in first position (Sine
wave).
3. Check whether control module pulse release switch SW4 in control module is off
position.
4. Check whether 24V AC switch is in off position.
Procedure:
1. Make the connection as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the AC main in both the trainer.
3. Measure the amplitude and frequency of sine wave and carrier triangular wave
and tabulate it. Also adjust sine wave frequency to 50Hz.
4. Connect CRO probe to observe the load voltage and load current waveform.
5. Release the switch SW4 in the inverter control module and switch SW1 in the
IGBT power module.
6. Measure the output voltage.
7. Using the amplitude POT to vary step by step, for each step note down the
amplitude and frequency of sine wave and triangular waveform and also
measure the output voltage and tabulate it.
8. Then find the theoretical output voltage by using the formula.
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
36
Tabulation:
V
s
=
S.No.
Amplitude of
carrier
triangular wave
(A
c
) in volts
Amplitude of
reference
sine wave
(A
r
) in volts
Modulation
index
m= A
r
/A
c
I
0
Measured
in Amps
V
0
Measured
in Volts
V
0
Calculated
in Volts
V
0
= m X
V
s
1
2
3
4
5
6
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
37
INFERENCE:
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is inverter?
2. Why we go for PWM?
3. What are the different types of PWM?
4. What is modulation index and what are the types?
5. What are the advantages of IGBT?
RESULT:
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
38
SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER USING SCR AND USING TRIAC
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM USING TRIAC
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM USING SCR
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
39
SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER USING SCR AND USING TRIAC
AIM:
To study the wave form for single phase ac voltage controller using SCR and
Triac.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Name of the item Type Range Quantity
1 Triac Module - BTA12 1
2 SCR module - - 1
3 CRO - - 1
4 Ammeter MI (0-5A) 1
5 Voltmeter MI (0-300V) 1
6 Patch cards - - -
7 Transformer - (0-12V) 1
FORMULA USED:
1. The RMS output voltage is
2
1
0
2
2 1
(
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
o
o t
t
Sin
V V
s RMS
Where
o = Firing angle
V
s
= Source voltage
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
40
Model graph For = 60
Tabulation:
V
s
=
S.No.
Firing angle ( ) in
degree
I
0RMS
Measured in
Amps
V
0RMS
Measured
in Volts
V
0RMS
Calculated
in Volts
1
2
3
4
5
6
Power Electronics and Drives Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
41
Procedure:
1. Make the connection as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the AC main in the triac module.
3. Connect CRO probe to observe the load voltage waveform.
4. Measure the output voltage and current.
5. Using the firing angle POT to vary step by step, for each step note down the
waveform and also measure the output voltage and tabulate it.
6. Then find the theoretical output voltage by using the formula.
7. Repeat the same using SCR module.
8. Draw the wave forms.
INFERENCE:
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is voltage controller?
2. What are the different types of voltage controller?
3. In inductive load when the overlap angle is more than + then what will be the
output?
4. What are the advantages and applications of voltage controller?
5. What type of commutation is preferred?
RESULT: