Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Марина АНДЕВА ТЕРИТОРИЈАЛНА АКОМОДАЦИЈА НА МАЛЦИНСКИТЕ ГРУПИ: СТУДИЈА НА СЛУЧАЈ НА ЈУЖЕН ТИРОЛ
Марина АНДЕВА ТЕРИТОРИЈАЛНА АКОМОДАЦИЈА НА МАЛЦИНСКИТЕ ГРУПИ: СТУДИЈА НА СЛУЧАЈ НА ЈУЖЕН ТИРОЛ
Марина АНДЕВА ТЕРИТОРИЈАЛНА АКОМОДАЦИЈА НА МАЛЦИНСКИТЕ ГРУПИ: СТУДИЈА НА СЛУЧАЈ НА ЈУЖЕН ТИРОЛ
1.
.
;
,1
.2
1 Raz 1988: 15575 Spinner-Halev, J.
(2000). Op.cit.
2 Will Kym
licka; Geoffrey
Brahm Levey.
104
.
(Ghai,
2000). (Potier),
;3
, .
, ,
, ,
.
.
(Michael Hechter)
.4
(Kant), ,
;
:
() (Shell, 2009).
, (Rawls)
: 1)
; 2)
;
3) ( )
(Rawls, 1999 . 221).5 ,
3 Potier, Tim (2001) Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. A Legal
Appraisal The Hague: Kluwer International Law, Weller, Marc and Wolff,
Stefan, [ed.]. 2005. Autonomy, Self-governance and Conflict Resolution. Innovative ap
proaches to institutional desing in divided societies. New York : Routledge
4 Hechter, Michael (2000) Containing Nationalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
114 Weller, Marc and Wolff, Stefan, [ed.]. 2005. Autonomy, Self-governance
and Conflict Resolution. Innovative approaches to institutional desing in divided societies.
New York : Routledge
5 A Theory of Justice Rawls
.
: ...
105
, .6 (Ghai),
,
,
(Ghai, 2000).
.7
,
,
,
(Wolff, et al., 2005).
.
2.
.
, (Weller, et al., 2008).
,
, ,
. ,
Rawls
. Political Liberalism .
6 Gurr, Ted Robert (1993) Minorities at Risk. Washington, DC: United
States Institute of Peace Press.
7
. ,
, .
, ,
,
.
106
.
(Charter of Fundamental Rights of the Europe
an Union),
.8
. ,
(Treaty on the European Union)
(
).9 , ,
.
1993 ,
.
(
, )
( ,
6 ),
2009 .
, ,
(acquis
communautaire).
(
(Framework
Convention for the Protection of National Minorities))
(European Charter for
Regional or Minority Languages))10
8 , , ,
, , ,
, ,
, , , ,
. [ 21(1)]
9 1 2000/43/EC 29 2000
. L 180/22, 19.7.2000.
10 ,
,
: ...
107
()
(High Commissioner on National Minorities).
11 (Brunner and
Kpper, 2002). (
),
( )
.12
(Conference on Security and Coop
eration in Europe) -, 1990 ,
:
...
, ,
,
,
.13
. Brusis, M. (2008) Enlargement and Interethnic PowerSharing Arrangements in Central and Eastern Europe. M. Weller, D. Blacklock, &
K. Nobbs (Eds.), The protection of minorities in the wider Europe, New York: Palgrave
Macmillan, at 234.
11
, ,
. (Weller, et al., 2005).
,
. ,
.
12
.
,
.
.
13 35 (2), 1990
, http://www.
108
,
.
,
,
.
14 (
-),
.15 ,
,
. ,
,
.
, ,
, .
2001 ., ,
- ,
.16
. (Malloy),
. ,
osce.org/odihr/elections/14304.
.
14 M. Anderson, Frontiers: Territory and State Formation in the Modern World (Cambridge:
Polity Press, 1996). (Weller, et al., 2008 p. 54-94)
15 M. Keating, The New Regionalism in Western Europe. Territorial Restructuring and
Political Change (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1998) (Weller, et al., 2008
p. 54-94)
16 Malloy, T.H. (2005). National Minority Regions in the Enlarged European Union: Mobilizing for Third Level Politics?. ECMI Working Paper 24, July 2005.
European Centre for Minority Issues
: ...
109
, , , , ,
. ,
,
,
.
.17
. (Euregio)
, ,
.
.
.18
(Euregio-Rat).
.
, .
e
.19
17 ( )
1958.
18 Scott, J.W. (ed.) (2006). EU enlargement, region building and shifting
borders of inclusion and exclusion. Hampshire: Ashgate Publications
19
1965. . ,
1971. (Associa
tion of European Border Regions) 10 (AEBR 2000a).
1979 , (
2000; 2000). 1981.
1983.
. ,
110
,
. ,
,
.20
, ,
,
.21 2006 ,
1985.
( ).
: (1) ,
; (2)
; (3)
; (4) ; (5)
; (6)
. ,
, ,
.
.
,
.
.
Practical Guide to Cross-border Cooperation, Third Edition 2000, Association
of European Border Regions (AEBR) at http://www.aebr.eu/files/publications/lace_guide.
en.pdf.
20 21 1980.
1981.
http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/html/106.htm.
,
.
,
.
21 , ,
. Engl, A., Future
: ...
111
(European Grouping of Terri
torial Cooperation),
,
.22 ,
( ),
,
.
3.
,
,
,
,
. ,
,
,
.
(- , -
),
, - . ,
,
. ,
- (ethperspectives on territorial cooperation in Europe: the EC Regulation on a European
Grouping of Territorial Cooperation and the planned Council of Europe third protocol
to the Madrid Outline Convention concerning Euroregional Cooperation Groupings,
European Diversity and Autonomy Papers EDAP, 03/2007, p.8, : www.eurac.edu/edap
(6.5.2010).
22 (EC) No. 1082/2006 5.7.2006
(. ),
L 210/19
112
noi),
(Palermo & Woelk, 2011).
,
.23
(
)
,
. ,
(
)
( 18).24
: 1)
; 2) 3)
.
-
.
1948 1972 . -
- :
( ), . ,
-
. ()
()
( ,
).25
.
23 . 482/1999
24 11 1
.
. 2
1 ,
,
.
25
,
.
: ...
113
-
, 1 1948 , 116
- ,
,
.
-
. 5 28
1948 . ,
-
26 (
),
(, , )
, .
-
. 5, 6 116
,
.27 5
, 6
, 116
26 1919.
;
, .
1945.
. 1946.
(Karl Gruber),
(Maurilio
Coppini).
.
(Alcide De Gasperi), .
.
27 5 .
.
. 6
. 116 - , ,
, - /
. - /
...
114
. ,
- .
2 1948
,
.
()
, ,
-
-
( ,
).
.
.
,
-
. ,
, , .
,
, , ,
.
, .
,
.
,
, (Woelk, Pal
ermo & Marko, 2008):
1. ;
2. ;
3.
;
4. .
: ...
115
.
;
, ,
.
1972 ,
,
1948 ,
.
.
( ) .
,
, .
(
) . ,
,
.
,
.28
50
; ,
.
,
,
.29
28
,
(the Sdtiroler
Volkspartei) .
29 . , ,
, (
)
, .
116
( ,
, )
( ).
(),
.
.30
,
31
,
,
. ,
,
( 1918 ) ,
. :
1)
,
; 2)
,
;
3)
,
30 Alice Engl Carolin Zwilling, Cross-border cooperation between
historical legacies and new horizons Woelk, Palermo, & Marko (2008) op.cit.
31 - ( 3 )
,
.
( 1949.)
.
, (
),
.
: ...
117
118
, . ,
()
.
-
.
-
. ,
, -
.
. -
. ,
.
( 30 1985 .)
.
37
2009 ,
/ .38 2010
,
, ,
.
2011 ,
,
37 http://www.europaregion.info/en/12.asp
38
EURAC.
: ...
119
.39 2006 .,
,
,
.
.
,
/ .
,
.
,
.
5.
: ,
, , .40
,
.
.
39 http://portal.cor.europa.eu/egtc/en-US/Projects/already/Documents/
Letter%20EGCT%20Euregio%20Tirolo-Alto%20Adige-Trentino.pdf http://portal.
cor.europa.eu/egtc/en-US/Projects/already/Documents/TSTAA%20-%20Registro%20
Ministero%20IT.pdf
40 Roberto Toniatti (2001), Levoluzione statutaria dellautonomia spe
ciale nellAlto Adige in Joseph, Marko, Sergio, Ortino and Francesco Palermo (eds.),
Lordinamento speciale della Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano, Padova: CEDAM
120
:
, ,
,
,
, / . 1
, ,
. ,
,
.
1. , ,
(
)
( - -)
( )
.
( )
.
-
-
.
. (
: ...
121
) .
.
.
.
,
.
.
122
,
-
.
,
.
.
,
. ,
,
,
.
Marina ANDEVA
TERRITORIAL
ACCOMMODATION OF
MINORITY GROUPS: THE
CASE OF SOUTH TYROL
Abstract
The proposed paper illustrates
the minority rights protection
model in Italy with a focus on the
Autonomous Region of TrentinoSouth Tyrol and the Autonomous
Province of South Tyrol. It analy
ses the consociational model of
power-sharing and the theories of
territorial autonomy as an accom
modating tool for settling ethnic
disputes is the leading concept in
this paper. Italy has progressively
and distinctively different legal or
der distinguishing it from the lib
eral and the French civic settings.
This paper presents in brief the Ital
ian legal order and its development
as a rich and complex instrument in
regards to the juridical treatment of
differences, as sophisticated model
studied even abroad. Thus the pa
per links the legal instruments of
the European Union in regards to
the protection of minority groups
and the regional policy and crossborder cooperation and the Italian
model of accommodating minori
ties, presenting the case of territo
rial autonomy as the most suitable
solution in a multicultural and mul
tilingual society.
: ...
123
Anderson, M. (1996). Frontiers: Territory and State Formation in the
Modern World. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Association of European Border Regions (AEBR), Practical Guide to
Cross-border Cooperation, Third Edition 2000, http://www.
aebr.eu/files/publications/lace_guide.en.pdf.
Autonomous Province of Bolzano Alto Adige. (2009). Manuale
dellAlto Adige. Bolzano: Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano Alto Adige.
Autonomous Province of Bolzano-Bozen (1998), Astat, ed., Statistisches Jahrbuch fr Sdtirol 1998. Bozen: La Nuova Grafica Ponticelli,
S.a.s..
Benedikter, T. (2009). The worlds modern autonomy systems: concepts
and experiences of regional territorial autonomy. (EURAC, Ed.) Bolzano/
Bozen: [ ] http://www.eurac.edu/en/research/institutes/imr/Documents/AutonomiesBenedikter09FINALFINAL.pdf.
Engl, A. (2007).Future perspectives on territorial cooperation in Eu
rope: the EC Regulation on a European Grouping of Territorial Coopera
tion and the planned Council of Europe third protocol to the Madrid Outline
Convention concerning Euroregional Cooperation Groupings, European
Diversity and Autonomy Papers EDAP, 03/2007, p.8, : www.eurac.edu/
edap (6.5.2010).
EURAC. (2007). Future Perspectives on Territorial Cooperation in
Europe: The EC Regulation on a European Grouping of Territorial Coop
eration and the Planned Council of Europe Third Protocol to the Madrid
Outline Convention concerning Euroregional Co-operation Groupings.
European Diversity and Autonomy Papers EDAP 03/2007.
Gurr, T. R. (1993) Minorities at Risk. Washington, DC: United States
Institute of Peace Press.
Kymlicka, W. (1995). Multicultural Citizenship. A Liberal Theory of
Minority Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Kymlicka, W. (2001). Politics in the Vernacular: Nationalis, Milticulturalims, and Citizenship. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kymlicka, W. (2001). Western Political Theory and Ethnic Relations
in Eastern Europe. W. Kymlicka, & M. Opalski, (Eds.), Can Liberal
Pluralism be Exported. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Kymlicka, W. (2002). Contemporary political philosophy: An Introduction (2nd Edition ed.). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Kymlicka, W. (2004). Justice and security in the accommodation of
minority nationalism. S. May, T. Mododd, & J. Squires (Eds.), Eth-
124
nicity, nationalism and minority rights (p. 144-175). Cambridge and New
York: Cambridge University Press.
Kymlicka, W. (2007). Multicultural Odysseys: Navigating the New International Politics of Diversity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kymlicka, W. (2008). The Evolving Basis of European Norms of
Minority Rights: Rights to Culture, Participation and Autonomy. M.
Weller, D. Blacklock, & K. Nobbs (Eds.), The protection of minorities in
the wider Europe (p. 11-41). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kymlicka, W., & Norman, W. (Eds.). (2000). Citizenship in Diverse
Societies. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Langer, J. (Ed.). (2007). Euroregions - The Alps-Adriatic Context.
Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Magliana, M. (2000). The Autonomous Province of South Tyrol : a
model of self-governance? Bolzano/Bozen: Accademia Europea Bolzano.
Malloy, T.H. (2005). National Minority Regions in the Enlarged European Union: Mobilizing for Third Level Politics?. ECMI Working Paper
24, July 2005. European Centre for Minority Issues
OHCHR. (2010). Minority rights: International Standards and Guidance for Implementation. New York and Geneva: United Nations.
OSCE. (2006). Recommendations on Policing in Multi-Ethnic Societ
ies. Office of the High Commissioner on National Minorities.
Palermo, F., & Woelk, J. (2011). Diritto Costituzionale comparato dei
gruppi e delle minoranze [Comparative Constitutional Law of groups and
minorities] (2nd edition). Milano: CEDAM.
Palermo, F., Zwillin, C. and Kssler, K. (2009). Asymmetries in Constitutional Law: recent developments in federal and regional systems.
Bozano: EURAC.
Pallaver, G. (2001)Die Sdtiroler Volkspartei. Erfolgreiches Modell
einer ethnoregionalen Partei. Trends und Perspektiven, in Institute for
Ethnic Studies (ed.), Razprave in Gradivo/Treaties and Documents (38/39)
(p. 314358). Ljubljana: Eurota.
Pallaver, G. (2008), South Tyrol Consociational Democracyin
Woelk, J., Palermo, F., & Marko, J. (Eds.).. Tolerance through Law: SelfGovernance and Group Rights in South Tyrol. (p. 303-329)Leiden and
Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Practical Guide to Cross-border Cooperation, Third Edition 2000, As
sociation of European Border Regions (AEBR) http://www.
aebr.eu/files/publications/lace_guide.en.pdf.
Provincia Autonoma Bolzano Alto Adige. LAutonomia dellAlto Adige: Descrizione delle competenze legislative ed amministrative autonome
: ...
125
126
gimes. I. OFlynn, & D. Russell (Eds.), Power sharing: New Challenges for Divided Societies (p. 59-74). London and Ann Arbor, Mi: Pluto
Press.
Wolff, S. (2008). Complex Power Sharing as Conflict Resolution:
South Tyrol in Comparative Perspective. J. Woelk, F. Palermo, & J.
Marko (Eds.), Tolerance Established by Law - Self-Government and Group
Rights in South Tyrol (p. 329-370). Leiden/Boston: Martinus Nijhoff.
Wolff, S., & Weller, M. (2005). Self-determination and autonomy. A
conceptual introduction. S. Wolff, & M. Weller (Eds.), Autonomy, selfgovernance, and conflict resolution: innovative approaches to institutional
design in divided societies. London and New York: Routledge.
(1946) Gruber-De Gasperi Agreement, 5 September 1946
(1956) Legge regionale 6 aprile 1956, n. 5. Compensi ai componenti
delle Commissioni, comunque denominate, istituite presso gli organi della
Regione. [Composition and election of municipal bodies]
(1976) Presidental Decree N. 752 (Decreto del Presidente della Re
pubblica) from 26 July 1976. Norme di attuazione dello Statuto speciale
della Regione Trentino-Alto Adige in materia di proporzionale negli uffici
statali siti nella Provincia di Bolzano e di conoscenza delle due lingue nel
pubblico impiego, G.U. 15 novembre 1976, n. 304, B.U. 13 maggio 1980,
n. 25, suppl. n. 1 http://www.regione.taa.it/biblioteca/norma
tiva/regioni/taa/bolzano1.pdf.
(1988)
D.P.R. No. 574/1988 - Norme di attuazione dello statuto
speciale per la Regione Trentino - Alto Adige in materia di uso della lingua
tedesca e della lingua Ladina nei rapporti dei cittadini con la pubblica am
ministrazione e nei procedimenti giudiziari, G.U. 8 maggio 1989, n. 105,
B.U. 19 settembre 1989, n. 41, suppl. ord. n. 4.
(1999)
Law 15/12/1999, n. 482 - Norme in materia di tutela delle
minoranze linguistiche storiche. [Norms for historical linguistic minori
ties protection].
(2001) Decree (Decreto Legislativo) of 29 May 2001, n. 283, Norme
di attuazione dello Statuto speciale della regione Trentino-Alto Adige concernenti modifiche e integrazioni al decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 15 luglio 1988, n. 574, in materia di processo penale e di processo
civile, nonche in materia di assegnazioni di sedi notarili, e in materia di
redazione in doppia lingua delle etichette e degli stampati illustrativi dei
farmaci (Provisions implementing the Special Statute of Trentino-South
: ...
127
128
: ...
129
130
: ...
131