Class 05.

PH HY V KHE NT
TS. Ng Xun Thnh
Khoa a cht Trng H M - a cht

Ph hy v khe nt

Ph hy: L thut ng m t mt vt cht b mt tnh lin tc do b ph hy. Ko cng: Hai cnh ca ph hy b tch ri nhau ra to nn khe nt. Xit p (Shear): Hai cnh dch trt ln nhau dc theo mt ph hy -> t gy

Khe nt
Ph hy ko cng (hay tch gin) thng c s m rng mt ph hy v khng c s dch chuyn dc hai bn cnh. Cc khe nt c hng khc nhau to nn h thng khe nt.

H thng khe nt

Gc ca h thng khe nt

Khe nt kin to trn v Tri t

Khe nt kin to Thng k h thng khe nt

ai mch Theo cc khe nt tch Thng cc h thng c lp y bi cc khong vt thnh to sau

Nhng du hiu nhn bit khe nt c s tch gin hay khng

Xem hai bn cnh

ai mch m rng to cc mch c thnh phn a ha khc bit. Cc mch hnh thnh c s lin tc trong c hai bn cnh. Mt thnh to trc khng b dch chuyn(offset)

Cu to dng rng lc

Mch ca cc cu trc b dch chuyn.

C ch hnh thnh ph hy

1. Ph hy cng gin

Ko cng

Cc ph hy ko cng to cu trc ph hy trong , dc i khe nt khong c dch chuyn.

C ch hnh thnh ph hy

2. Ph hy do b p nn (compression) v do b ko cng (extension)

C ch hnh thnh ph hy

3. Ph hy do thot lc

C ch hnh thnh ph hy Cc h thng ph hy

C ch hnh thnh ph hy

4. Cp khe nt xit p

Cp khe nt xit p
1. Khe nt lng v: Nhn bit hng xit p

t gy nghch hay chm

t gy thun

Cp khe nt xit p
2. Ph hy hnh sigma: Nhn bit hng xit trt

Khe nt tch trong cc un np

i khe nt lng v
L cu to trong hnh thnh do xit p khng ng trc. Chng xut hin nh nhng thu knh ngn, song song v un ln to mt gc nhn vi hng xit p. Chng l nhng i khe nt cng gin c s m v thng b lp y bi cc khong vt v sau.

Cp khe nt xit p
3. Cp khe nt cng sinh & xit p kiu R

Khe nt lng v

Plumose Structure

Qu trnh hnh thnh Do s khng ng nht ca Ph hy theo c ch ngoi sinh

Basalt dng ct
Xy ra trong phun tro basalt

Khe nt do xut l

Tectonic Origin

Residual Stress

Khe nt dng mi

Sheeting Joints/Exfoliation

Phn loi theo hnh thi cc khe nt A. Theo cu trc mt lp (1) Khe nt theo hng dc: Joint strike parallel to dip of beds (2) Strike joints: Joint strike parallel to strike of beds (3) Oblique joints: Joint strike oblique to strike of beds

Dip joints Strike joints Oblique joints

Geometrical classification of joints

Longitudinal joints Transverse or cross-joints

Diagonal joints

B. Beds folded (1) Longitudinal joints (ab joints): Release joints. (2) Transverse or crossjoints (ac joints): Extension joints. (3) Diagonal joints - Intersect parallel to bdirection (shear joint that form during compression) - Intersect parallel to adirection (Release shear joints after folding) (4) Radial joints: Tension fractures in outer arc of the buckling type fold
Radial joints

Why arent joint surface smooth??

Plumose Structure

Plumose structure

Joint origin: The point on the joint at which the fracture began to propagate Mirror region: A portion of a joint surface where the surface is very smooth Mist region: A portion of a joint surface where the fracture surface begins to roughen Hackle zone: The main part of a plumose structure, where the surface is relatively rough Twist hackle: One of a set of small en echelon joints formed along the edge of a larger joints. Arrest line: An arcuate ridge on a joint surface, where the joint front stopped during propagation of the joint

Why plumose structure form?? Rocks are not homogeneous and Isotropic Crack Tip Propagation speed

Twist Hackle

Straight Plumose

Curvy Plumose

Columnar Jointing
Jointing that break rock into hexagonal columns; they form during cooling and contraction in hypabyssal intrusions of lava flows

Sheeting Joints/Exfoliation
Jointing parallel to the exposure surface (like layers of an onion)

Tectonic Origin

Residual Stress

Sheeting Joints/Exfoliation

Sheeting Joints/Exfoliation