International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2013 ISSN 2319 - 4847

Reduction of Cubic Metric and Block Error Rate in OFDM system using Network Coding with Selective Mapping
Pallavi Chandake, Dr. S.V.Sankpal
Student, D.Y.Patil College of Engineering and Technology, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India. Associate Professor, D.Y.Patil College of Engineering and Technology, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

Abstract
High PAPR is a major issue in OFDM system. According to 3GPP standards, it is observed that peak to average power ratio (PAPR) does not predict power amplifier power de-rating as accurately as Cubic Metric (CM). As the value of CM decreases the efficiency of power amplifier increases. In this paper we introduce the new scheme which combines coding and selective mapping to reduce CM and BLER. Cubic Metric (CM) and Block Error Rate (BLER) of Network Coding Selective Mapping (NC-SLM) system is compared with Conventional Selective Mapping (C-SLM) system. The transmitted signal is found to have received effectively under additive white gaussian noise and multipath fading with implementation of NC-SLM algorithm.

Keywords: Cubic metric, BLER, Block Code, Selective Mapping, OFDM.

1. INTRODUCTION
New access technology used by 3GPP LTE downlink is OFDM [1]. OFDM is multiple access scheme where data is transmitted to different users on different subcarriers. It provides high data rate transmission in wireless systems because of its spectral efficiency and better immunity to multipath fading. But like any other systems, it has to many issues, one of which is high peak to average power ratio. High PAPR increases the power inefficiency of the system. But there is one more parameter which predicts this power efficiency better than PAPR and it is known as Cubic Metric (CM). The CM is introduced and adopted by 3GPP standard [2],[3]. The reduction of CM is critical issue in wireless systems where power is important factor. Another major issue in wireless system is to reduce transmission error rate to achieve original signal. Forward error correction (FEC) technique is used to solve this problem and to achieve secure communication [4]. Recently, in wireless communication, the data stream is divided into number of block. Each block is passed through FEC process. Now output of this process gives coded blocks which reduce channel errors. Thus the proposed system uses these coded blocks to minimize BLER. Along with the network coding, selective mapping scheme is proposed to reduce CM in this paper. Originally, selective mapping (SLM) is distortionless technique used for PAPR reduction [5]. In SLM, Reduction of PAPR is achieved by multiplication of independent phase sequences to the original data and determination of the PAPR of each phase sequence. The sequence with the lowest PAPR is transmitted [6]-[8].SLM has many advantages like less implementation complexities and better PAPR reduction capacity. However, it can be used directly to other parameters related with OFDM frame.

2. CUBIC METRIC
A cubic metric (CM) has been adopted by the 3GPP standard as a parameter to determine PA power de-rating because of its accuracy over a wide range of devices and signals. The CM of a signal is defined as [3] (1) Where, KCM is an empirical slope factor, RCM is a raw CM, and ref is the raw CM of WCDMA reference signal.

is defined for a signal () as

(2) Where, RMS is the root mean square value of signal.

Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2013

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2013 ISSN 2319 - 4847
As RCMref and KCM are having constant values, RCM can be used as a performance metric.

3. PROPOSED MODEL
Figure shows block diagram of the proposed CM and BLER reduction scheme. Figure 1 - Block diagram of transmitter. Figure 2 - Block diagram of receiver. The transmitter divides the input bit stream into blocks with fixed size. Then encoding is done and these encoded blocks are a linear combination of the original data blocks. Each generated encoded block is modulated or mapped to one or more modulation symbols. The mapper output is applied to IFFT, which is the most important block in OFDM system. The output of this stage is orthogonal signals on its sub channels. From these signals, the one which has minimum CM is selected. At the receiver, the process described above is reversed. The received baseband signal is passing through several blocks to eventually obtain the transmitted data sequence.

Figure 1. Block diagram of proposed OFDM transmitter

Figure 2. Block diagram of proposed OFDM transmitter

4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

In this section, we will discuss about the block coded OFDM system with QAM modulation technique. The performance of NC-SLM is compared with C-SLM. It is observed that network coding and selective mapping jointly reduce the block error rate and cubic metric. Table 1. Simulation Parameter Data source 512 Modulation QAM FFT Size 32 Coding technique Block Code Message Length 4 Codeword Length 7 Channel AWGN To overcome the drawback of the PAPR, as discussed in Section I, we evaluate our proposed system using the CM. With the given simulation setting, the is computed as described in Section II. The performance evaluation results of are shown in Fig. 3. We can see that the proposed scheme achieves a good performance when evaluated using the CM.

Figure 3. CM performance of C-SLM and NC-SLM

Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2013

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2013 ISSN 2319 - 4847
Fig. 4 shows the BLER performance of C-SLM and NC-SLM under the AWGN and multipath fading. It is observed that NC-SLM is able to reduce BLER by employing network coding [9].

Figure 4. BLER performance of C-SLM and NC-SLM

5. CONCLUSION
In this paper we have proposed a cubic metric and block error rate reduction scheme to improve the performance of OFDM system. The BLER can be reduced by applying block coding technique and CM can be reduced by applying selective mapping technique. We can expect further improvement with implementation of different channels and coding for OFDM system.

REFERENCES
[1] K. C. Beh, A. Doufexi, and S. Armour, Performance evaluation of hybrid ARQ schemes of 3GPP LTE OFDMA system, in Proc. PIMRC, Sep. 2007, pp. 15. [2] 3GPP TSG RAN WG4 #31,3GPP TSG RAN WG1 #37, Motorola Tdoc R4-040367, R1-040522 and R1-040642 Comparison of PAR and cubic metric for power derating2004, May. [3] 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 LTE, Motorola Tdoc R1-060023 Cubic metric in 3GPP-LTE2006, Jan.. [4] S. Lin and D. J. Costello, Error Control Coding: Fundamentals and Applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PrenticeHall, 1983. [5] R. J. Baxley, Analyzing selected mapping for peak-to-average power reduction in OFDM, Ph.D. dissertation, Georgia Inst. Technol., Atlanta, GA, May, 2005. [6] P. Eevelt, M. Wade, and M. Tomlinson, Peak to average power reduction for OFDM schemes by selective scrambling, Electron. Lett., vol. 32, no. 21, pp. 19631964, Oct. 1996. [7] R. J. Baxley, Analyzing selected mapping for peak-to-average power reduction in OFDM, Ph.D. dissertation, Georgia Inst. Technol., Atlanta, GA, May, 2005. [8] [13] A. D. S. Jayalath and C. Tellambura, A blind SLM receiver for PAR reduced OFDM, in Proc IEEE VTC, Sep. 2002, vol. 1, pp. 219222. [9] A. A. Yazdi, S. Sorour, S. Valaee, and R. Y. Kim, Optimum network coding for delay sensitive applications in WiMAX unicast, in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, Apr. 2009, pp. 25762580.

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