CHAPTER 5 :

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
Things to remember:
1.
a1 ,a2, a3, a4, a5, a6,. an arithmetic progression if, a 2 - a1 = a3 - a2 = a4
a3 = .. an - an-1
2.
an = a1+ (n -1)d
3.
Sn = [2d1 (n 1)d] = [ a1 + an ]

EXERCISE - 5.1
1. In which of the following situations, does the list of numbers involved make an
arithmetic progression, and why?
(i)
The taxi fare each km when the fare is Rs. 15 for the first km and Rs.8 for
each additional Km.
15,
15 + 8 = 23,
23 + 8 = 31,
31 + 8 = 39
15, 23, 31, 39, . . . . . .
Yes
(ii)
The amount of air present in a cylinder when a vacuum pump removes
of the air remaining in the cylinder at a time.
1,
1- =,
- * = - = =,
- * = - = = ,
No.
(iii)

The cost of digging a well after every metre of digging, when it costs Rs
150 for the first meter and rises by Rs.50 for each subsequent meter.
The cost of digging after 1 meter = Rs. 150.00
The cost of digging after 2 meters = Rs. 150.00 + Rs. 50.00 = Rs.
200.00
The cost of digging after 3 meters = Rs. 200.00 + Rs. 50.00 = Rs.
250.00
The cost of digging after 4 meters = Rs. 250.00 + Rs. 50.00 = Rs.
300.00
150, 200, 250, 300, . . . . . .
Yes.

(iv)

The amount of money in the account every year, when Rs 10000 is

deposited at compound interest at 8% per annum.
Principal Amount = 10,000.00
I year = = 800 ;
Principle Amount = Rs. 10,800.00
II year = = 864 ; Principle Amount = Rs. 11,664.00
III year = = 933.12;
Principle Amount = Rs. 12,597.12
No

2. Write first four terms of the A.P, when the first term a and the common
difference d are given as follows:
(i)

a=10, d=10
an = a1+ (n -1)d
a1 = 10
a2 = 10 + (2-1)10 = 20
a3 = 10 + (3-1)10 = 30
a4 = 10 + (4-1)10 = 40
10, 20, 30, 40

(ii)

a=-2, d=0
an = a1+ (n -1)d
a1 = -2
a2 = -2 + (2-1)0 = -2
a3 = -2 + (3-1)0 = -2
a4 = -2 + (4-1)0 = -2
-2, -2, -2, -2
a=4, d=-3
an = a1+ (n -1)d
a1 = 4
a2 = 4 + (2-1)-3 = 1
a3 = 4 + (3-1)-3 = -2
a4 = 4 + (4-1)-3 = -5
4, 1 , -2 , -5
a=-1, d=
an = a1+ (n -1)d
a1 = -1
a2 = -1 + (2-1) = a3 = -1 + (3-1) = 0
a4 = -1 + (4-1) =
-1, - , 0,

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

a=-1.25, d=-0.25
an
a1
a2
a3
a4

= a1+ (n -1)d
= - 1.25
= - 1.25 + (2-1)(-0.25) = - 1.5
= - 1.25 + (3-1)(-0.25) = - 1.75
= - 1. 25 + (4-1)(-0.25) = - 2

-1.25, -1.5, - 1.75, - 2

3. For the following APs, write the first term and the common difference:
(i)
3,1,-1,-3,..
a1 = 3 ; d = 1 3 = -2
(ii)

-5,-1,3,7,
a1 = -5 ; d = - 1 (-5) = - 1 + 5 = 4

(iii)

,,,..
a1 = ; d = - =

(iv)

0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9, .

a1 = 0.6 ; d = 1.7 - 0.6 = 1.1

4. Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the common difference
d and write three more terms.
(i)
2, 4, 8, 16, ..
d1= 4 2 = 2 ;
d2 = 8 4 = 4;
d3 = 16 8 = 8;
d1 d2 d3. Therefore, the given series cannot form AP.
(ii)

2, , 3, , 4, , 5
d1= 2 = ;
d2 = 3 = ;
d3 = 3 = ;
d1 = d2 = d3. Therefore, the given series form AP.
+ = =4;
4+ = ;
+ = =5;
4, , 5, . . . . .

(iii)

-1.2,-3.2,-5.2,-7.2..
d1= -3.2 (-1.2) = -2 ;
d2 = -5.2 (-3.2) = - 2;
d3 = -7.2 (-5.2) = -2;
d1 = d2 = d3. Therefore, the given series form AP.
-9.2, - 11.2, -13.2

(iv)

-10, -6, -2, 2..

d1= -6 (-10) = 4 ;
d2 = -2 (-6) = 4;
d3 = 2 (-2) = 4;
d1 = d2 = d3. Therefore, the given series form AP.
6, 10, 14

(v)

3, 3+2, 3 + 22, 3 + 32..

d1= 3 +2 3 = 2 ;
d2 = 3 + 22 (3 + 2) = 2;
d3 = 3 + 32 (3 + 22) = 2;
d1 = d2 = d3. Therefore, the given series form AP.
3 + 42, 3 + 52, 3 + 62

(vi)

0.2, 0.22, 0.222, 0.2222,..

d1= 0.22 0.2 = 0.02 ;
d2 = 0.222 0.22 = 0.002;
d3 = 0.2222 0.222 = 0.0002;
d1 d2 d3. Therefore, the given series cannot form AP.

(vii)

0, -4,-8,-12
d1= -4 0 = - 4 ;
d2 = -8 (-4) = - 4;
d3 = -12 (-8) = -4;
d1 = d2 = d3. Therefore, the given series form AP.
-16, -20, -24

(viii)

,,,,.

d1= - - (- ) = 0 ;
d2 = - - (-) = 0;
d3 = - - (-) = 0;
d1 = d2 = d3. Therefore, the given series form AP.
-,-,(ix)

1, 3, 9, 27,..
d1= 3 - 1 = 2 ;
d2 = 9 3 = 6;
d3 = 27 9 = 18;
d1 d2 d3. There fore, the given series cannot form AP.

(x)

a, 2a, 3a, 4a,..

d1= 2a - a = a ;
d2 = 3a 2a = a;
d3 = 4a a = a;
d1 = d2 = d3. Therefore, the given series form AP.
5a, 6a, 7a

(xi)

a,a2,a3,a4,
d1= a2 a ;
d2 = a3 a2;
d3 = a4 a3;
d1 d2 d3. Therefore, the given series cannot form AP.

(xii)

2, 8, 18, 32
d1= 8 - 2 = 2;
d2 = 18 - 8 = 2 ;
d3 = 32 - 18 = 2;
d1 = d2 = d3. Therefore, the given series form AP.
50, 72, 98

(xiii)

3, 6, 9, 12
d1= 6 - 3 = 3(2 -1) ;
d2= 9 - 6 = 3 - 6 ;
d3= 12 - 9 = 23 - 3;
d1 d2 d3. Therefore, the given series cannot form AP.

(xiv)

12, 32, 52, 72,

d1= 32 12 = 8;
d2 = 52 32 = 16;
d3 = 72 52 = 24;
d1 d2 d3. Therefore, the given series cannot form AP.

(xv)

12, 52, 72, 73,..

d1= 52 12 = 24;
d2 = 72 - 52 = 24 ;
d3 = 73 72 = 24;
d1 = d2 = d3. Therefore, the given series form AP.
97, 121, 145
EXERCISE 5.2

1. Fill In the blanks in the following table, given that a is the first term, d the
common difference and an the nth term of AP:

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

A
7
-18

-18.9
3.5

d
3

-3
2.5
0

n
8
10
18

105

an

0
-5
3.6

an=a1+(n-1)d
=7+(8-1)x3
=7+21
=28
d=(an-a1)/(n-1)
=(0-(-18))/(10-1)
=18/9
=2
a=an-(n-1)d
=-5-(18-1)(-3)
=-5+(17x3)
=46

(iv)

n=+ 1
={[3.6-(-18.9)]/2.5}+1
=(225.5/2.5)+1
=9+1
=10

(v)

an=a1+(n-1)d
=3.5+(105-1)x0
=3.5

2. Choose the correct choice in the following and justify:

(i)
30th term of the A.P: 10,7,4,, is:
(A) 97
(B) 77
(C)-77
n=30, d=7-10=-3
a30=a1+(n-1)xd
=10+(30-1)(-3)
=10-(29x3)
=-77
(ii)

11th term of the A.P: -3, ,2,. Is

(A) 28
(B) 22
n=11, d=-(-3)=
a11= a1+(n-1)xd
= -3+(11-1)
=22

2, _, 26
a3=a1+(3-1)d
d = = = = 12
a2

= a1 + d

[C]

(C) -38

3. In the following APs, find the missing terms in the boxes:

(i)

(D)-87

(D) -48
[B]

a2 = 2+12=14
(ii)

_, 13, _, 3
a4=a2 + (n-2)d
d = = = = -5
a1 = a2+d
a1 = a2 - d = 13 (-5) = 18
a4 = a 3 + d
a3 = a4 d = 3 (-5) = 8

(iii)

5, _, _, 9
a4=a1+(n-2)d
d = =
= =1
a2=5 + 1 = 6 =
a3= 5 + (3-1)1 = 8

(iv)

-4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6
a5 =
d =
a2 =
a3 =
a4 =
a5 =

(v)

a1 + (n -1)d
= =2
-4 +2 = -2
-2 + 2 = 0
0+2 =2
2+2 =4

53, 38, 23, 8, -7, -22

a 6 = a2 + (n -1)d
d = = -15
a 1 = 38 (-15) = 53
a 3 = 38 + (-15) = 23
a 4 = 23 + (-15) = 8
a 5 = 8 + (-15) = -7

4. Which term of the AP: 3,8,13,18,.. is 78?

an=a1+(n-1)d
d=a2-a1=8-3=5
78 =3+(n-1)5
= (n-1)
n = 15 + 1 = 16
5. Find the number of terms in each of the following APs:
(i)
7,13,19,,205
d=13-7=6
an=a1+(n-1)d
n=+1
=+1
=+1
=34
(ii)
18,15,13,.-47
d=15-18=2
n=+1

=+1
=-26+1
=-27
6. Check whether -150 is a term of the Ap:11,8,5,2
an
=
a1+(n-1)d
-150
=
11 + (n -1) x (-3)
n1
=
= 53.60
NO.
7. Find the 31st term of an AP whose 11th term is 38 and the 16th term is73.
a11 = 38 and a16 = 73;
a16 = a11 + (6-1) x d
73 = 38 + 5 x d
D
=
a31 = a11 + d(21 1) = 38 + 7 x 20 = 178
a31 = a16 + d(16 1) = 73 + 7 x 15 = 178
8. An AP consists of 50 terms of which 3rd term is 12 and the last term is 106. Find
the 29th term.
a3 = 12 a50 = 106
a50 = a3 + (48 1) x d
106 = 12 + 47 x d
d = =2
a29 = a3 + (27-1) x 2 = 12 + 26 x 2 = 64
9. If the 3rd and the 9th terms of an AP are 4 and -8respectively, which term of this
AP is zero?
a3 = 4 a9 = -8
a9 = a3 + (7 -1) x d ; -8 = 4 + 6 x d ; d = = 2
0 = 4 + (n - 3) x (-2) ; 4 2n + 6 = 0 ; 2n - 10 = n = 5
10.The 17th term of an AP exceeds its 10th term by 7. Find the common difference.
a17 = a1 + 16 x d ; a10 = a1 + 9 x d
a1 + 16 x d a1 9 x d = 7 ; 7d = 7
Therefore, d = 1.
11.Which term of the AP: 3,15,27,39,. Will be132 more than its 54th term.
3, 15, 27, 39 .
a1 = 3 ; d = 15 -3 = 12
a54 = an + (n 1)d = 3 + (54 -1) 12 = 3 + 53 x 12 = 639
an = a1 + (n-1)d = 639 + 132 = 771
771 = 3 + (n-1) x 2
n - 1 = + 1 = 65
12.Two APs have the same common difference. The difference between their 100th
term is100, what is the difference between their 1000th terms?
d1 = d 2
a100 = a1 + (100 1) x d1
b100 = b1 + (100 1) x d1
a100 b100 = a1 + 99 d1 - b1 - 99d2
Since d1 = d2;
a1 + 99d1 - b1 + 99d1 = 100
a1 - b1 = 100
a1000 = d1 + (1000 1) x d1
b1000 = b1 + (1000 1) x d2

a 1000 = b1000 = a1 + 999d1 - b1 - 999d2

Since d1 = d2;
a1000 b 1000 = d1 - b1 = 100
13.How many three-digit numbers are divisible by 7?
100 to 999 are 3 digit numbers
105 is the first term divisible by 7 = a 1
d = 7
994 is the last term divisible by 7 = an
994 = 105 + (n -1) x 7
n = + 1 = 128
14.How many multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250?
10 to 250 ; d = 4
12 is the first number after 10 divisible by 4. Hence it is a 1.
248 is the last number before 250 divisible by 4. Hence it is a n.
an = a1 + (n -1) d
248 = 12 + (n -1) x 4
n = + 1 = 60
15.For what value of n, are the nth terms of two APs:63,65,67,..and3,10,17,
equal?
63, 65, 67 .. d = 2
3, 10, 17.. d = 7
an = 63 + (n-1) 2
; n = +1
an = 3 + (n-1) 7
; n = +1
+1 = +1
2an 6 = 7an 441
7an - 2an = 441 6
5an = 435
an = = 87
In the first series
an = a1 + (n 1) d
; bn = b1 + (n 1) x d
87 = 63 + (n -1) x d
; 87 = 3 + (n 1) x d
n = + 1 = 13 : n = + 1 = 13
16.Determine the AP whose third term is 16 and the 7th term exceeds the 5th term
by 12.
a3 = 16 ; a2 = a5 + 12
a7 = a5 + (3 -1) x d
a5 = 43 + (3 -1) x d ; 16 + 2d
Substituting in a7 = 16 +2d + 2d = 16 + 4d
Since a7 a5 = 12 ; 16 + 4d 16 2d = 12
2d = 12 ; d = 6 16 = a7 + 2 x 6 ; 16 = a1 + 12 ; a1 = 16 12 = 4
4, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, .
17.Find the 20th term from the last term of the AP: 3,8,13,253.
3,8,3, . . . . . .253 ; d = 8 - 3 = 5
an = (a1 + (n-1) d);
253 = 3 + (n -1)5
n -1 =
n 1 = 50
n = 50 + 1 = 51
20th term from last term is = 32
a31 = a1 + (32 1)5 = 3 + 31 x 5 = 3 + 155 = 158

18.The sum of the 4th and 8th terms of an AP is 24 and the sum of the 6th and 10th
term is 44. Find the first three terms of the AP.
S4 = a1 + (3 1) x d
S8 = a1 + (8 1) x d
S6 = a1 + (6 -1) x d
S10 = a1 + (10-1) x d
S4 + S8 = 24 = a1 + 2d + a1 + 7d = 2d1 + 9d = 24 -------- Equation 1
S6 + S10 = 44 = a1 + 5d + a1 + 9d = 2d1 + 14d = 44 -------- Equation 2
Equation 2 - Equation 1
5d = 20 ; d = = 5
Substuiting d in Equation 2 = 2a1 + 14 x 5 = 44; 2a1 = -26; a1 = = - 13
-13, -8, -3,
19.Subba Rao started work in 1995 at an annual salary of Rs 5000 and received an
increment of Rs 200 each year. In which year did his income reach Rs 7000?
a1 = 5000 d = 200
Sn = 7000 = 5000 + (n 1) x 200
(n 1) = + 1 = 11 year.
20.Ramkali saved Rs.5 in the first week of a year and then increased her weekly
savings by Rs.1.75.If in the nth week, her weekly savings become Rs20.75, find n.
a1 = 5 ; d = 1.75
Sn = 20.75 = a1 + (n-1) x d = 5 + (n -1) x 1.75
n -1 = + 1 = 10

EXERCISE 5.3
1. Find the sum of the following APs:
(i) 2,7,12, to 10 terms.
a = 2 n = 10 d = 5
S = (2a + (n -1)d) = (2x2 + (10-1)x5) = 245
(ii) -37,-33,-29,.., to 12 terms
a = - 37 ; d = -33 + 37 = 4 ; n = 12
S = (2a + (n -1)d) = (2(-37) + (12-1) 4) = -180
(iii)0.6,1.7,2.8,.,to 100 terms
a1 = 0.6; d = 1.7 0.6 = 1.1; n = 100
S = (2a + (n -1)d) = (2 x 0.6 + 99 x 1.1) = 5505
(iv)
, ,,., to 11terms
a1 = ; d = - = = = ; n = 11.
S = (2a + (n -1)d) = (2 x + (11 1) x ) = ( + ) = 1.65
= () = 1.65
= x = =
2. Find the sums given below:
(i) 7+10+14++84
a1 = 7; d = 10 - 7 = 3; a n = 84
an = a1 + (n 1)d ; 84 = 7 + (n -1)x 3 ; n = + 1 = 23
S = (a1 + an) = (7 + 84)x = 1046

(ii) 34+32+30++10
a1 = 34; D = 32 34 = -2; an = 10
an = a1 + (n -1) d
n = + 1 = + 1 = 13
S = (a1 + an) = (34 + 10) = 286
(iii)-5+(-8)+(-11)+.+(-230)
d = -8 (-5) = -3 ; S = a 1 + (n 1) d
-230 = -5 + (n -1)x -3 ; n = + 1 = 76
S76 = (-5 + (-230) x ) = -235 x = -8930
3. In an AP:
(i)

Given a=5, d=3, an=50, find n and Sn .

an = a + (n-1) x d
50 = 5 + (n -1)x 3
n = + 1 = 16
Sn = (a + an) = ( 5 + 50) = 440
(ii) Given a=7, a13=35, find d and S13 .
a13 = a + (n-1)d
35 = 7 + (13 1)d
d = =2
S13 = (a + an) = (7 + 35) = 273
(iii) Given a12=37, d=3, find a and S12 .
a12 = a + (n -1)d
37 = a + (12 1)3
a = 37 33 = 4
S12 = (a + an) = (4 + 37) = 246
(iv) Given a3=15, S10=125, find d and a10 .
(2a1 + (n -1)d) = (2a1 + 9d) x 5 = 125
10a1 + 45d = 125 --------- Equation 1
a3 = (a1 + (3 1)d)
d1 + 2d = 15 = 10a1 + 20 d = 150 -------- Equation 2
Equation 1 - Equation 2
25d = -25; d = -1;
a1 = 15 2(-1) = 17; a10 = a1 + (10-1)d = 17 + 9(-1) = 8
(v)

Given d=5, S9=75, find a and an .

S9 = (a + a9)
75 = (a + a9)
(a + a9) = = 16
a9 = a + (n -1)d
a9 = - a 9 + 8 x 5
2a9 = + 40 =
a9 = = 28 = 28
a = - a9 = - = = = -11

(vi) Given a=2, d=8, Sn=90, find n and an .

Sn = (2a + (n 1))
90 = (2x 2 + (n -1))
180 = 4n + 8n2 8n
8n2 4n 180 = 0
2n2 n 45 = 0
n= =
= = =

n =
OR
n = OR
n =5
OR
a5 = a + (n-1)d = 2 + 4x8 = 34
(vii) Given a=8, an=62, Sn=210, find n and d.
Sn = (a + an) = (8 +62) = 210
n= = 6
an = a + (n -1)d
62 = 8 + (6 1)d
d= =
(viii) Given an=4, d=2, Sn= -14, find n and a.
an = a + (n -1)d
4 = a + (n 1)2
a = 4 (n -1)2 = 4 2n + 2 = 6 2n
-14 = Sn = (a + an) = (6 2n + 4) = (10 2n) =
n2 5n 14 = 0
n= = =
= =
n = = = 7

= 5n 5n 2 = -14

a = 6 2n = 6 2 x 7 = -8
(ix) Given an=3, n=8, S= 192, find d.
192 = S = (2a + (n -1)d) = (2x 3 + (8 -1)d)
192 = (6 + 7d)4
192 = 24 + 28d
d = = 6
(x) Given l=28, S=144 and there are total 9 terms. Find a.
S = (a + l)
144 = (a + 28)
288 = 9a + 252
9a = 288 252 = 36
a = =4
4. How many terms of the AP : 9,17,25,.. must be taken to give a sum of 636?
S = (2a + (n -1)d)
636 = (2 x 9 + (n -1)8)
1272 = (18 + 8n 8)n
1272 = (10 + 8n)n
8n2 + 10n 1272 = 0
n=
= = =
n = = = = 12
5. The first term of an AP is 5, the last term is 45 and the sum is 400. Find the
number of terms and the common difference.
Sn = (a + an)
450 = (5 + 45)
800 = 50 n
n = = 16
an = a + (n -1)d
45 = 5 + 15d
15d = 45 5 = 40
d = =

6. The first and the last terms of an AP are 17 and 350 respectively. If the common
difference is 9, how many terms are there and what is their sum?
an = a + (n -1)d
350 = 17 + (n -1)9
333 = (n -1) 9
n -1 = = 37
n = 37 + 1 = 38
Sn = (a + an) = (17 + 350) = 6973
7. Find the sum of first 22 terms of an AP in which d=7 and 22nd term is 149.
a22 = 149, d=7
an = a + (n -1)d
149 = a + (22 1)7
a = 149 21x 7 = 2
Sn = (a + an) = (2 + 149) = 1661
8. Find the sum of first 51 terms of an AP whose second and third terms are 14 and
18 respectively.
a2 = 14, a3 = 18
a2 = a + (n -1)d
14 = a + 1 x 4
a = 14 4 = 10
a51 = a + (n -1)d = 10 + (51 -1)4 = 10 + 50x4 = 210
S51 = (a + an) = (10 +210) = 5610
9. If the sum of first 7 terms of an AP is 49 and that of 17 terms is 289, find the sum
of first n terms.
S7 = 49 ; S17 = 289
S7 = (a + a7) = 49 ; (a + a7) = = 14 ----- Equation 1
S17 = (a + a17) = 49 ; (a + a7) = = 34 ----- Equation 2
Equation 1 - Equation 2
a17 a7 = 34 -14 = 20
d= =2
Sn = (2a +(n -1)d)
= (2x1 + (n-1)2)
= (2 + 2n -2)
= = n2
10.Show that a1,a2.,an ,. form an AP where an is defined as below:
(i) an=3+4n
a1 = 3 + 4 = 7;
a2 = 3 + 4x2 = 11
a3 = 3 + 4x3 = 15
a15 = 3 + 4x15 = 63
S15 = (a + an) = (7 + 63) = 525
(ii) an=9-5n
a1 = 9 - 5x1 = 4
a2 = 9 5x2 = -1
a3 = 9 5x3 = -6
a15 = 9 5x15 = -66
S15 = (a + an) = (4 66) = - 465
11.Also find the sum of the first 15 terms in each case.
Sn = (2a + (n-1)) = 4n n2
S1 = 4x1 - 12 = 3 . Therefore a = 3
S2 = 4x2 22 = 4.
Therefore S2 = 2a + 1d; 4 = 2x3 + 1d; d = 4 -6 = -2; a2 = 3 -2 = 1

a3 = a+ (n-1)d = 3+(3-1)(-2) = 3 -4 = -1
a10 = a+ (n -1)d = 3 + (10-1)(-2) = 3 18 = -15
an = a + (n-1)d = 3 + (n-1)(-2) = 3 2n + 2 = 5 2n.
12.If the sum of the first n terms of an AP is 4n-n2 , what is the first term(that is S1)?
What is the sum
First positive term divisible by 6 = 6 = a
a =6
a40 = a + (n-1)d = 6 + (40 1)6 = 240
s = (6 + 240) = 4920
13.Find the sum of the first 40 positive integers divisible by 6.
First multiple of 8a = 8 ; d = 8
S = (2a + (n-1)d) = (2x8 + (15-1)8) = (16 + 14x8) = 960
14.Find the sum of the first 15 multiples of 8.,
First odd number between 1 and 50 is 1. Therefore a = 1
Last odd number between 1 and 50 is 49. Therefore l = 49, d = 2
an = a + (n -1)d
49 = 1+ (n -1)2
n-1 = = 24; n = 25
a25 = 1 + (25-1)2 = 1 + 24x2 = 49
S25 = (a + a25) = (1 + 49) = 625
15.Find the sum of the odd numbers between 0 and 50.
200, 250, 300
a = 200; d = 50 ; n = 30
a30 = a + (n -1)d = 200 + (30 1)50 = 1650
S30 = (a + a30) = (200 + 1650) = 1850 x 15 = 27750
16.A contract on construction job specifies a penalty for delay of completion beyond
a certain date as follows :Rs 200 for the first day, Rs 250 for the second day , Rs
300 for the third day, etc., the penalty for each succeeding day being Rs 50 more
than for the preceding day. How much money the contractor has to pay as
penality, if he has delayed the work by 30 days?
d = -20 n = 7 S7 = 700
Sn = (2a + (n-1))
700 = (2a + 6x(-20))
= 2a 120
200 = 2a - 120
200 + 120 = 2a
2a = 320
a = = 160
a = 160
160, 140, 120, 100, 80, 60, 40
17.A sum of Rs.700 is to be used to give seven cash prizes to students of a school
for their overall academic performance. If each prize is Rs.20 less than its
preceding prize, find the value of each of the prizes.
3, 6, 9, 12, . . . . . . . . n = 12 d = 3 a = 3
Sn = (2a + (n-1)) = (2x3 + (12-1)3) = (6 +33)6 = 234
In a school, students thought of planting trees in and around the school to reduce
air pollution. It was decided that the number of trees, that each section of each
class will plant, will be the same as the class, in which they are studying , eg; a
section of class I will plant 1 tree, a section of Class II will plant 2 trees and so on
till Class XII. There are three sections of each class. How many trees will be
planted by the students?

18.A spiral is made up of successive semicircles, with centres alternately at A and B,

starting with center with center at A, of radii0.5 cm,1.0 cm, 1.5 cm,2.0 cm,
..as shown in fig.5.4. What is the total length of such a spiral made up of
thirteen consecutive semi circles? (Take )
l
l
3
l4 l
1

Fig.5.4

A B
[Hint: Length of successive

l
semi2 circles

s l1,l2,l3,I4,..with centers at A,B,A,B.,

respectively]

0.5 x , 1.0 x , 1.5 x , 2.0 x . . . . . . . . n = 13

d = 1.0 x 0.5 x = 0.5 x
d = 0.5 x
S3 = (2a + (n-1)) = (2x0.5 x + (13 1) x 0.5 x ) = ( + 6) =
cm

= 142.94

19.200 logs are stacked in the following manner: 20logs in the bottom row, 19 in the
next row,18 in the row next to it and so on(see Fig.5.5). In how many rows are
200 logs placed and how many logs are in the top row?

Fig:5.

20, 19, 18 . . . . . . . . .
5
a = 20, d = -1 ; S = 200
Sn = (2a + (n-1))
200 = (2x20 + (n -1)(-1))
200 = (40 (n-1))
(40 n +1) n = 400
41n - n2 400 = 0
n2 41n + 400 = 0
n= = = = =
n = = = 25 OR
n = = = 16
a25 = a + (n -1)d = 20 + 24 (-1) = -4
a16 = a + (n -1)d = 20 + 15(-1) = 5 Hence n = 16 is correct.
20.In a potato race, a bucket is placed at the starting point , which is 5m from the
first potatoand the other potato are placed 3m apart in a straight line. There are
ten potatoes in the line.(see Fig.5.6).

Fig:5.6
A competitor starts from the bucket, picks up the nearest potato, runs back with
it, drops it in the

Bucket, runs back to pick up the next potato, runs to the bucket to drop it in, and
she continues in the same way until all the potatoes are in the bucket. What is
the total distance the competitor has to run?
[HINT: To pick up the first potato and the second potato, the total distance (in
mtr) run by a competitor is 2x5+2x(5+3)]
10, 16, 22, 28, 34, . . . . . .
n = 10
Sn = (2a + (n-1)) = (2 x 10 + (10-1)x6) = (20 + 54)5 =370

EXERCISE 5.4(optional)*
1. Which term of the AP : 121, 117, 113, is its first negative term?[HINT: Find n
for an<0].
121, 117, 113, . . . . .
a = 121, d = -4
an = a + (n -1)d
0 = 121 + (n -1)(-4)
0 = 121 + 4n +4
4n = 121 + 4 = 125
n = = 31.25 = 32nd term
2. The sum of the third and the seventh terms of an AP is 6 and their product is 8.
Find the sum of first
sixteen terms of AP.
a3 + a7 = 6; a3 x a7 = 8 ; a3 =
a7 = 6 a3 ; a7 = 6 - ; a72 = 6a7 8
a72 6a7 + 8 = 0
a7 =
= =
=
=
a7 = = = 4
OR
a7 = = = 2 ;
a7 = a3 + (n -1)d ; 4 = 2 + (5-1)d ; d = = = 0.9
a7 = a3 + (n -1)d ; 4 = 2 + 4x 0.5 ; 4 + 4 x 0.5 = 6
a3
a1
a1
a1

= a2 + (n -1)d ;
+ (3-1)0.5 = 2 ;
= +1 ;
+ (3-1) 0.5 = 4 ; a1 = 3

S16 = (2a + (n-1)d) = (2x2 + (16-1) 0.5) = (4 + 7.5)8 = 92

= (2x3 + (16 -1)0.5) = (6 + 7.5)8 = 108
3. A ladder has rungs 25 cm apart.(see Fig. 5.7). The rungs decrease
uniformly in length from 45 cm at the bottom to 25 cms at the top.
the top and the bottom rungs are 2m apart, what is the length of
the wood required for the Rungs?
[Hint: Number of rungs = +1]
n = = 10 + 1
a = 45 ; a11 = 25
a11 = a + (n -1)d

25
cm

If

25 = 45 + (11-1)d
d = = -2
S11 = (2a + (n -1)d) = (2x45 + (11-1)(-2)) = (90 20) = 385

Fig. 5.7
4. The house of a row are numbered consecutively from 1 to49. Show that there is a
value of x such that the sum of the numbers of the houses preceding the house
numbered x is equal to the sum of the numbers of the houses following it. Find
this value of x.[Hint: Sx-1 = S49-Sx]
1, 2, 3, . . . . . . . 49
S49 = (a + a49) = (1 + 49) = = 1225
S x-1 = = 612.5 = (2a + (n-1)d) = (2x1 + (n-1)x1) = 612.5
(2 + (n-1)) = 612.5
2n + n2 n = 1225
n2 + n 1225 = 0
n=
= = = = =
n = 35.5
5. A small terrace at a football ground comprises of 15 steps each of which is 50 m
long and built of solid concrete. Each step has a rise of m and a tread of m (see
Fig: 5.8). Calculate the total volume of concrete required to build the terrace.
Hint: Volume of concrete required to build the first step = xx50m3]

V1 =
V2 =
V3 =
V15 =
S15 =
S15 =

x 50 x = 6.25
x 50 x 2 x = 12.5
x 50 x 3 x = 18.75
x 50 x 15 x = 93.75
(2a + (n-1)) = (2 x 6.25 + (15 1) x 6.25) = (12.5 + 14 x 6.25) =
= = 750