~,

4.!.!.1h!1 P'#I ~

J.J~t ~t..)..Ltt ~t

[BEducation
~"~I ~...,.sl ~ L,>~IJ ~~I ;;J ljJ UJ.;i
~.".J..c ~J ""l:;SJ1 I.:u, ........
..J-w

~~ I~ t

i"

y., Y -A' t r-r

Original Title :

~4.6~jJl

Precalculus 2011 &

Algebra 2 2010

9gJWI 6..JWI ~I
d.! p.! ! b II rag..J..AJ1

By:
John A. Carter, Ph. D
Prof. Gilbert J. Cuevas
Roger Day, Ph. D
Carol E. Malloy, Ph . D
Luajean Bryan
Berchie Holliday, Ed. D
Prof. Viken Hovsepian
Ruth M.Casey

,..a...m..9

~~I.J-4llj ~ 1.;-.I l j J":!~ 1

~,yJ 1 ~ 0:' j-U>L..~

~ \ .J.lIJ-.:'=-0:' ~

0~y'1 ~ ~
0 ~ .J.l1J-.:'= ~ \J-.:'=

CONSULTANTS

~ .JL.......~~ 1
L
<,:r' .'.7"'t.Ja....i.=J1.........,.
. ~.\:..
::r-

Mathematical Content
Prof. Viken Hovsepian
Grant A. Fraser, Ph.D
Arthur K. Wayman , Ph.D

F..J I .J.l1J-.:'=- 0:'

JJL;.. . ~

wL'i,..J.J ~ .; u.

Gifted and talented

Shelbi K. Cole

<,?~IJ":!~lj,,:,,:!~1

02

Mathematical Fluency
Robert M. Capraro
Reading and Writing
Releah Cossett Lent
Lynn T. Havens

<>

0.:..-... 110-'" ~

~ I,) I~ I

[ \~ I ~j..AJ \J-.:'=-

0:'

~.9-"-'-" . ~

Graphing Calculator
Ruth M. Casey
Jerry J. Cummins
Test Preperation
Christopher F. Black
Science/Physics
Jane Bray Nelson
Jim Nelson

Education

English Edi tion Cop yright 2010 th e McGraw-H ili Co m panies. Inc.
All right s reserved .
Arab ic Edition is pu blished by Obeikan und er agreem en t with
Th e McGr aw.H ill Companies. Inc. 2008.

.J L.:.::..- ~ .J ~I ...,~ , ~~ I ~1
.... 10\

h " 'A J.>j r'" lA ;,s~t-" ~LiU~ ~j

w,.~ l jI ,~ 1 j i ".,r..,s~~ , P 4 ~~ ' -ill :' ~ L..,> ,~~ j l ~j.--Al !""'lS 1 ~ I J- ,ili... lj j 1 Js..t. ",I ~ ..w j 1",~ l \ :u, .JI ....., ! .J l., ~ ~ ~
.~ l:J I .:,... ~ .J :, !.JjJ , t~ ,;;... ~ l j

c:

't..
'"~..

~.

't.~

~~ .

...

l,

'"t

c; '

~ . .,

't

,r6'
EL.

;c'"

'"

e~

t-'

- .:

--.:

t~ t

", .

,r-:

--:

"

'f.

e,

t-

. [
.f"'
V _

(,

~'

'e

Il

t
~
~

}e.

1:

'f

.~

~ to
1:"'

'G

'

.(

'"

LL.

.~

,[

't,

.~

'"f

Ir-'

t;

'(4.

..

- 'r..

(,

(;..

'L

'"

'"

t"

1:,

:r:

to

\Po

t,

fc:-

f.

'r..

IL

b-

II

~-

c-

~.

I,!

c,

'eo'
~, ' .
'r.

~ ~t

" .to .y

t~
- I>

r-,

'f' '8~

f)

-r,' l

G"

G"

;;:

~ r ~

'f.

1,
f

l(,'

...

' l
t;t
[P.
,

t, -

1> s

t;

t- ofr

'"

E '(4 '
V

t,

f
"

~ ~
'r."

t>

IL

b (,

':1

~I

'f. ,- , ~

'f.

.(

l'

(I

'L

1> ~

l'

f '~~

rt

~,

r r 1~
r~'&~'"
- ~, 1

r; ,

~ ~
If' f
t ~

t- 1.v t~ ,~(;. ,
f. 1 cf

~f:

't.

l>

'e,
~.

y:
t'

--;...

\ ~ ~I~ .
{l~ ~.~
f ~ 't
f

(,

E
t ~ ~,
, c

~'

J.

It.

f"'";

to
Ll.
'
"

C.

'& ~

1-

c,

~~;:

t t ' f { {. .1:
~ t t b
t 1
t'r.,, 't,, ' ~.
-'L ~_f)~
.~ "l' r;.-'. ,{f. ,[~
,e'

~ ~

1 'f.,~

tr:
t;

F.' ~.
l' ~

'"
(,

-.:. ..,

t~ ~\,r:

f. 'f.(,
'r,
.

,[ I

~.

1 l'

'"

.~

If

.t'
. ~'

1 e:
c:

1~

~'t

., -

I .[.f;

~ 'ft.,.
t'L

(- ,

'L

~ :1;'
[,; t.

2 2 '~. i l' , ~'. ~'

t ~,~

r-

~ 1>

'r,

IL

t c,

G"

~~ f"~ .Lt
[.E
,. " 1 ~r"
-f
'~, ~ ; 1f~

~:
(, ot;

6 'to

'~
1
..f
~

r t1
~. ~

1 'r; ~, ~ .

1(

.
,r;

rl

~ ~. ~,

.L

:t f f
c,
E'
t, r

&:1~

11
~ ,~'

'1.;:~ r

~ ~

~. 50
~ ,t
~~ t

,~~ ~ ~

t'

Yi

~,

r .1,~- ci 1~

~ 2 '~
'1:., 1 t. 1
'P r ~ ..
f::
, f~
f-, '",(' f.'~
,'P
-

~.~.
~~
;;;..

~ ' ~.:

[:

t>.

'l. ~

&

{~'

~. ~ "'t' c.~ . 1

l~ f::
t IL
~
-,~,
't' ' ~~ 'f;t ~. ['t
- f ,- ~t

'" r. ~

t'

'e. n

~ It'

ElL

~ ~.

t>,

't

1- 1~,

-r. no(, 'Y. . b

_
e, ~
'[; - {:' 'f
--.: ~' to" r ; .
1 t ,t '
,~ ,r;~ ri :f:

I;

.t: ~.

~~.r

l' 1
{~:, {

1> ~ 1
'l. r .~ t
't f. 'r.,. .
- :~

~.
'r.,. 't s.
E
.
'l
-t-' ~
- 1~
.[
r>
~
i
~ c: ~ 1 [

~.

1:

f)

G"

f-,

"1
1:

-:'

1.

,f.

.'t,

!'

.'It

Jill J-.lll ~ I

JI~..1Jt

1-1

J:.W

1-2

uL:~'~ -.;.~, ~I~.;L ~~~ JI...>J'it

1-3

~IJ.a...b...~~.s~I~'

1-4

10
u~)WI~ JI~..ill ~~, u~'

18
28

37

..J-a4l 1 ~

46
47

57

64

)~ I

~~lu~~I~ (~l:il )~,>I'JI~..1J1

1-5

~I~ ~~~ J I~ ..1J1 ~ ul.,;l..aJ1

1-6

~IJ I~..1J l~.::.~)W 1

1-7

72

~ I~I J 4....'.)..1J 1J:J~

77

..J-a4l 1 .)~ 1

79

80

86

-';'~1

J-.lll

~ ,

4:> l.:-:' "";:'l:i' J'~..1J1 J.:!43 2-1

~l:ilu~~I~u'i~lA.JI~ ,~~'~WIJ.-t 1;j 2-2

~ ,

88

4.,;:.l:i1 u~~'~'::''i ~lA.J1 ~

2-2

93

""';!Jl&..,.u' J I~..1JI~ '::'1..:u..Jl&..,.u1

2-3

100

..J-a4l 1 ~

J ~I

101

ul..:u..Jl&..,.u I"":'~

2-4

107

""";!Jl&..,.u' u~~'~'::''i ~lA.J1 ~

2-5

112

4:!~1 u~l&..,.u t

2-6

118

120
125

_ ,,~ l&..,.u I .::. ~ ~ I~ u 'i ~ lA.J l ~ , ~ ~ I ~w'J.-t g 2-6~,J

~ '~ IJ 4....1.)..1J' J:J~

..J-a4l '

)~I

~~I J.-.lll ~I

127
128

~1':'l4,l~1

3-1

133

~ 1.:.l4,l~I~.:.~!

3-2

137

~ ~~Ij ~..Jlj ~ ~1':'l4,l~1

3-3

141

J-41 1.....:..-:;;.. J~ 1

142
148

~j 4."..JljJl

u....;.)

~ I':'~ ~l&.ll ~ ~~ I ~WI J-.o ~ 3-5

~I':'~~l&.l l~

149

154

~I ':'l4,l~I

~ I,,-! I j

Ol.... IJ...l.lI

3-4
L:.S::.....1

3-5

J.:!l~

J ~I

159

J-'>l l

161

&'~I J.-.lll ~I
4:JllS:..lt ~1

4-1

~~I ~I

4-2

178

~ ...uljJl ~I

4-3

186

J.....o.."l l.....:..-:;;.. J~ I

187

~1.lJ~j ~~I ~ I tl".i..L,!..L>.J

162

170

194
196 . ' "
203

204

_
"':'Ij...l.llj

4-4

~I~.:.~~ I-'.:.~~l&.l I4JQj j , ~ ~I ~w lJ-.o g 4-4~~

~.,J I':'~~l&.l 1

~.,J I .:.~ ~l&.ll,l ~I '74.....1.0411 J-.o g

~ I~ I J

4-5

4-5 ~~

Ol.... IJ...l.l1 J.:!l ~

208

~ I J~ ,

209

j,..~ 'j ~ I

..el

J"'J::~JI!.
..
::;t-r- - -:r
4:i~J J IJ.,.} I ~.;'
.~ I

':'~Jjw~i

.JIJ .,.} I

~"'-'J~".:II~I

J..uA.b..y....

. AlI,~

...a......,J .:.\: ~ I

J4s::..:,

~ I~.".k~.tk

..

. AlI.,.} ';>~ I

~~Alb<..>"~~ 1

' ~ ~J

~ ' J L.&.i

:iJI.:l1

J ~ ".:II roJ~ ~ JIJ.,.}\

, ~ I ~ ;;'; ~ 'J

..,..........J

<

':'~I.,r .~:..::.l IJ

< W:,;J ~ I ~~J ' r l.,r.; ".:I 1

;;.J l ~ u"'l.i.>.:>".:I1J':!.....a.:;J
.~ ~ . .. ~I~I

~~ JjS : ~ I- :i~I.;e

'-'"" l.6Jl..ra3 ,;J' . 1.,~..::".:I 1.,r

~

Lo.,> 4.:w ~

,JIJ.,.} I

.J,.....ul l.:a ~

u~ I0-A...ub..u.J~~I.!J~ I J t ~":i t ~
.4.4..>L....J I
I

:~4 ax 2

(quadratic formula) !"'Wt

0~\Alt

1~..w1

-.

+ bx + c = 0 ~y:A.J l 41~6..,J1 J~ ~
a =1=

0 .

~ , x=

-b

+ Vb 2 -4 a c
2a

. j.

: ~ I~~ I .h> ~ A.,;'J I ..:-~ L:..J I ..r -%

.(slope)

~I

s - 2 (2

x> - 3 (1

x > 1 (4

- 4 < x (6

-5 (3

7 2: x (5

:y .)! ~~ A.,;'J I ..:-'hL......l1.:r -is j>.

.Ipolynom ial in one variab le)

..L> IJ ~ JJ...I.>JI :;~

+ 4x = - 5 (8

Y- 3x

=2

(7

:D.;ya!' ~ ~~ D';~ ~

, a nx n+ an_IX n-I + ... + a 2x 2

+ alx + a o

y2 + 5 = - 3x (10

2x -

y3 _ 9 = ll x (12

y2 =

7 (9

+ y3 = - x (11

o ~ , 120 = 7l .. bL......l\..s.,l>- ~w. ~ '...~

~ .:r ~I ~..w lll .J '..syWl .:r .;,,;.,:; ;:JI ..:-101~ ..l>~ '4UI..Lt1

:(ratio n a l func tion)

w~ WJI~ a(x), b(x) ~ 1(x) = ~i:~ ;;.;ya!I~ 41b ~

bet} =1= 0 ~ , ~~ ~

\::'1 ~ ~ ..syW1.:r';";":;'? Oy? r5 '~ ~.;11 ..syW l

. ~ 312 ~I ~\ ~..l>-':>l5

: ~ ~ ~ ol.6....JI I J.:..p 4.,.;'J1 d):--JI..r JS ~..e:- Ji

2b+7,b = - 3 (15
5z - 2z 2

~~ I J~l

. ~ ..u.U ~~I.;~I ~~ !~ (1l);;~ ~~~."J ~ I - J I

. ~ l .;~ l oJ !
,J.,J..u '

r- j.A.;-l1~~

J~' ;.oJ

3y- 4, y = 2 (14

+ 1, Z = 5x (17 x 2 + 2x - 3, x = -40 (16

2 + 3p2, P = -5 + 2/1 (19

:(lI th root)

(13

J:.r:ll C = %CF -

_4c 2

32) ..bL......l1~~

+ 7, C =

70 2 (18

:;.;I ~ ':'~J J (20

y...; ~ ' t.?.r.l::-!I.J c?-~~\ cr'l:-tl~ o).rJI..:-~J~ ~

":"; l5 I::' ~ , ~~~ I..:- ~ j ..ul F .J ' .<;.r.l::-!' ..:-~ J..ul C

4J ~lA..J1'<; .r.l::-! 1 c).rJI ~ j~..l.;:-)'

,73F o).rJ' ~J~

. 0~ .:r ? '-:-' ; i .)14.:~

V81

~ ) :,.,..JI ~ Lo
www.obeikaneducation.com ~ rJI ~ ~ W14 ~i

Jt.J-.\t t

Functio ns
i

;......... -

_ =~

c;J I.'~ WJ
O.Jy\.;

~ , ~ ~ .r ~ iW l.;>-..} 01..G-\I I if ~ 1 ~

0.Jy \,; ~

~ ~ Ii] ,.!.l ~ )I\ -~ ~..4;..U)1.:.. . ~.ftSJI

. .!.l~)l1 ~? ~ ~ I c.Jl r 'j\ if.)L,w )l1.J ~?

<

y.. W l:-S ~ .,.1 ~ \ .) \~ :.' 1 ~

"JoJo..J1 ~I~"il ~~.:,... ~~ ':'~~....4..:>j

: ~'i \ .;..; ~I w~ ~I ~ R ~ \ .)\~ \I I ~J~ ~~ 3 < ~ L..J I.J if )1 3

yAJ l

.,....,~, wLo~ ~.),

. L..j~.)~

!J 'J!J~j l~
~~ w Lo ~ ~i
"...., ""ll l...,~ 0-"
.~I

~i~ ' J l~ ..L1 1 ~p:; i

.~'J4---0 ~i~ ,~

0.125,

7 2
-8'
3" =

0.666...

""~;;~Iu.a!1

set-builder notation

1\, ..j3 = 1.73205 ...

;;~ I j.A.)

-5, 17, - 23,8

interva l notation
0,1,2,3 .. .

~I..>JI

1,2,3,4 .. .

function
~ 1..L11j.A .)

, ~~ ..r.-JI ~I JL..,.;.....~ ~I.) \~\I\ if LS.,.>-I "-:J -,~ w~~3 w ~~\ .J..A ~.J ~
<

function notation

~ " I " .iA .-J li~ j . ~.r--:J ~~ \ ~ .) \ ~ :.' \ ~ l.a>- ~~ o ~ \ ~ I ~ ~ l

'~~j'-.r"~ "E "jA."JI.,

~I~I

independent variable
&t;jI~1

dependent variable
,"",,-:!~I;;,~~I..L11
4.o~..,l1~\

piecewise-defined function

. 3l.h.L..J1 ~ l ~ ~ l

www.obeikaneducalion.com

: ~~ o.r.---JI :i..i..aJ1J k..:...... ~ ~~I.)I~\l1 w~~ if -j..s ~ I

(8,9, 10, 11, ... J (a

.8 ~ .JL.:; 31if .;:5':.'\ ~I .)I ~ \II JS if ~ ~ I 2!.:;

Ix I x ~

. 8 "~, W " ....,. ....,s l x ~. x. ' -", :l , ,,,, ~ i ..-:u ,

8, x E W I

<7

(b

.7 if ~ i fl ~ I .)I ~\I\ JS if ~ ~1 <.J.:;

I
I

[x I x < 7, x E R\
-2

<x<7

.7 if ~3 -2 ~ .J.;j i fl ~\ .) \ ~ \I I JS if ~~\ <.J.:;

[x

- 1 ::; x::; 5 (tc

x::; - 3 08

I-

2 < x < 7, x E Rj

(r

I
I

~~~ ~
11 ,2,3,4,5, .. .. j OA j

I~ ~J """" ~

..:..;15 1:,!.;Jj...........

:; ~-,..b.A -.># .:,1.,,:a -~.

--

-- -

- - - ----l
-,..b.A
':'I~

;;~

;;~'jAJ

~~,

[a, 00)

x:=:: a

;;>WJ'jAJ
[a, bl

x:s;a

(a, b)

a < x <b

x>a

[a, b)

a:S;x < b

x <a

(a, b]

a<x:s; b

(-00,

al

(a, 00)
(-00 ,

a)

(-00,00)

- 00

~ .;~1

WjJ~ j iJ IJ~~
. C..J":; ';'j J ) JJ-'->

~~I
a:S;x:s; b

< x < 00
;;~ljAJJ~t

:o.r.i.J1j".J JL,...;,.....~

~')I..:-~~I if..Js ~I
-8

(-8,16J

<

:s; 16

(a

n. u .:,1......>1 '
.,:) W~ "U" jAy-l 1i~

x < 11 (b

(-00,11)

x > S."ix :S; - 16 ( C

(- 00,-16J U(5, 00)

.r'"'Wl I ~~j

~UA~ ~

x<-2) x>9 (2C

-4:S;Y<-~

a2: -3 (28

~~ !~ I
. ~~ I

.tL l4:i 14n" jAy-l \ i~

.r'"'Wl I ~ ~j
. ~ ~ I ~ ;,.s~ 1

if.r"'~ t: A J:.o ..... ~.r"'~ ~.; ~ ,~ ~ ..bo}J o..\.>- L; <./' o')\.,J1 01)l; 411.111 ~
0.)> L) j w,~ ' ~ lS..w l .r"'~ ~ B ..... ~ll.. l~ , o')\.,JI J~ A ~ ~ , B J:.o ..... ~
:<./' ')\.,J \ ~

lS~1 J .blA.; ~~ ~~ (3

.~rJ \ -C\3j~ \ ~ J

J~
(1
. \ .r'" ~.bL;. .J\.i...A.S
_ _ u....a.;~
. .~
_

I..t>-Y \

lS..wI .r"'\."...u
,-:? jJl

,0

~ ~

~ ~ J ~\ if ~ JS ~J'- :-)l..

lS..w1 if 2)~ ~ ~ ~j:

) ~ .hb.... )

x ,y~\ ..t>- YI~ ..bo.;~~ ...blJ..., .~~ (4

r-J-li if J~~

~J.1.c (2

i f I~ k '; ~rJ\ C\~}II i f ..... ~

Y = x + 2 : *.. . ~rJl C\~j\l\ :r c~j jSJ

.(y~) lS..w I:r ~ (x~) J ~ \

((0, 2), (1,3), (2,4), (3, 5)):*"

Ak~I0-"X~JS~';;~~c,;r"Bk~..,J
!Ak~0-"fA1I...l!II~I~t

.B k~l0-"
A "4~ t

1 -12
3
4

B
-

-1-- 6
7
8
9

y~ ..I.>lj~

k~I..,J !A k~l0-" ~~I

.irb~.Jj~I~I~~1
.A1I...l!I J ~

.A1I...l!1

A k~1 Ji.,.:; ~
.11,2,3, 4) = J~I
I.$...L4 B k~l~j
.(6, 8, 9) ,..;...1.41 \

.s..wt3 J ~ 1

' <f" l...~ l t~ I I :u, ~

D j.A~ '~ wi~

j.A~'J , J ~ I 0' ~

, w'<$i , <.S ...I..o>J ' 0' ~ R

D = {I, 2,3, 4 1
R = {6, 8, 91

'~~.J) x JI..\;>-;1 14:-i 03L.:: ~ c?\~rl l C\ .J j ~ \ 0".i.Y .J~ ~i ~ -.JIJJI ~~ ~ LS

. JI..\;>-;11 0~1 ci ..\;>-\.J Lf'""l) ~ ~ w;.:>i -.JIJJI.kLA; 0" ~ ~ ~ ~~.J
~J~
~ 1 '?''':'.;l I .L.>J I~ b !

I
(,;s-"' i.
.rtl ~1 J LU.>
.

,Aki:> .:.r- ~i ~ ";' ~ I

~4~;i x ~ .s -'> !.J ~

1~1~1

w . y ~.:.r ~ .:.r

" u , iJJ ~I ~~

()

Ji.:i ~l ':'l:!~' ~.b.3

: ~ ri x J iJb ~ y .;..jl5' I ~ ) L. ~ ~ , ~~ k.> "jj, JS" ..)

.11.1.)

-2

- 4

-1

." 4 ~ 1 }.:-:>-I J ~J~ Y ~ J , ~ lhJ l ~J x ~ ~ (a

\..\;> \ j JL::::>-\ ..}~~ J ~ ~J.r=J\ ~lhJJ~~ ~ j \ y J ;; ..\;>- I.J x J ~ J5

. x ci iJb

(b

(c

If

. 4 .
2

-8

-8

- 5

- 5

- 4

- 3

-2

h;;

.r- y ':>l-9 UJ

-8

y,..;iJ

~J..>S=i J I-,~

.:.r-y:.Si~;i .J i~ 'i
X~;;..l> 13 ~Y~~

.Ji ~ ~ ,-.JI..JJ I~

~L y ~ o-,>IJ ~ ~;i

-3

J ~I ~ WX J ~ .:.r

. 3b

~ I ~ x = 4 :j:..o L>" iJ .b;. ~ y-.;.;i L....:

. x ci iJ\ ~ u~ ~ Y ;j~ , ihA.; 0" ;Si ci <./l.d l

, yJ b;;..\;>-l j . ..._~ : xJ~J5~ ;

.x

ci -.J b ~Y ':> b9 ~.J

y2 _

.y -:1 ~~ -.J ~~ \

2x = 5 ( d

j.> c x ci iJb ~ y -::.....; 15 bl L. ~ .b...; ~

'-,.L>':i " ..J.l...J '

~;hl' ~

2.\

~~4

~;hl' ~ ~,,::.! ' )~ l">~

y2 2x = 5
y2 = 5 + 2x
Y

= >/5 + 2x

'Y -:1~ h;;-2.50"~~IX~0"~J5':>~ \Xci~b~~ Y

. ~ L. 0?~1.J' ~ yo 1..\;>-)

~~~ ~

. ~ ">4=---~ \ u~ LU ~ I ~I ~ Y ~ i ,~~~I 0";; r:~ ~~\ ~)y.;....~I ~ x ~ ~

3y

+ 6x = 18

( 3(

(3D

( 38

-6

-8

tl x

( 3A

-7

22

'x ~ .b.;; c;J1y 0

u~ f(x) LJI ~J . X ~f

.uI...u10 ~J (x -11f) IAJ ' 4J1..ill1).. J f(x)

. y = f (x ) : ~
AlJ"-!l.:' ~~ I Al tolt t

AlJ"-! t

Y = -6x

f(x)

6x

\.;.; ~

. ~L; I ~ ~J LS..LJI ~ Y ~I ~J . ~ I ~ ~J J~I ~ X ~\ ~

4J~

: <l~ ko JS ..) .ul...ul ~ ~ JL; , f (x ) = x 2 + 8x -

24 LJl5' I~!

f (6) ( a
f (x )

= x + 8x

- 24 .ul...u l . j x LJ K.. 6 J'':;':' 'f(6) ) ~)I

= x 2 + 8x - 24
f (6) = (6)2 + 8 (6 ) - 24
= 36 + 48 - 24
= 60

~""I '-Jl..;.!'
x

jl.U 6

f( x)

~~

~L.

.:...,......,:JL.

f e-tty:) ( b
f( x ) = .\"2

+ 8x - 24
f( -4.\") = (-4.\") 2 + 8 ( -

= 16x

24

4.\") -

(.. '1 707 - .. 1783) ~Ji ~)u~

.Y' ~i

32x - 24

/ (x) 'J I.;J ''>--)~ '.Y'

f (Se + 4) ( c

= .\"2 + 8x - 24
f( Se + 4) = (Sc + 4) 2 + 8 (Se + 4)

..,.=.s <#~y. ",...,~) rJ Lc

J.;'.>J , ':" L"...;o ~ .rl ' ~ ~ 800

f( x)

jLM ( 5 c

8(5, + 4) J (5c

+ 4 ) ~.,.:...

+ 4)2 ..,.. 'tA~1 ~

- 24

= 25c + 40c + 16 + 40c + 32 -

24

= 25c + 80c + 24
2

~V4~ ~

: ..;~ ko JS .) .ul...ul ~ ~ JL; <I (x ) =

-

f( - 3a + 8) (4(

, 2x + 3
..;,...;l5' I ~!
x- - 2"1: + 1

f(6x) (48

f (12) (4A

~ JI I~ y-SJI rl.O.,. ~....:1 1 r-AJI ~l::....1 t: , ~ I ) 1..l.Y\' I 6.Y ~ LJ~ ~~ .ul...ul J~.?~ ~ I~!
. ~ Jj J~ I J)) LJ 15 I ~! O L. 1~ ..l.Y J~1 ~ L.

: ~'J I J IJ ...uI.:.r js J~)~

f (x ) =

;;~I r-AJI LJ~ ' x 2 - 7x

x

=0

= 0 .u) WI

~J d ~:..w. rW I LJ 15I~! ;;j ~ .r.? x; ~

1 ..l.Y ~I)I..l.Y\'I 6.Y~r.uI ...uIJ ~LJ~~J 'x

=7

J X

~ +x

x- - 7x

;x;;J~ I

(a

LJ ~

= 0<fJ~I .:.r

. [x I x -=f- 0, x -=f- 7, x E R] JI , x

=7J

g ( t) = ~ ( b

r g .ul...ul J~ LJI LSI ~ t

-

13

J IJ..u 1

1 -1

U"J-U I

- 5

~ 0 LJ ~ LJI ~ ' ~..ro .r.? ~LJI ) ..LO..lJ ~J.:J I J~ I LJI ~

. [5,00) JL 5 LSJ L. .:.r .?'\'I ~I ) \..l.Y\' I 6.Y ~

J I .J ..11I ~
'J I .;J I ~ ~I ~

~ ILo~-,

, ~ <.S..,>ijy .r!

I (x ) = v x - 5
g( t)= ~-,
~ 'J l.;J l ~ 0 1~

h( x)

k
X

.(- 00, -3) U (3, 00) rh (x) J~ L.>~~.J' x 2

(C

9> 0 L.>y~ L.~.u~ -.J1..u\ o ~

I
I

~~~ D
g(x)

8x

y 2x + 6

h(a) =~

(5C

f(x)

(58

x2

5x - 2

+ 7x + 12

--

1.6x - 41.6,

={

htx)

63

(SA

---~

< x < 66

3x -132 , 66 ~ x ~ 68

2x - 66

: ~'i l.:r-=JW I J' J5

x > 68

-i jAkJl J .,kJ J ..w .r.Si ~ Jt

h(67) (a

.h(67 ) ~~ ;1 h(x) = 3 x - 132 o...l>-w l ~ l;k3 ,68 .J66.:.r-: w l.J 67 L.> i ~

n6~ \' ~ n8 ';;;...>JI~4.1 I...r I~""';
x.j\S..o 67 A~

h(x ) = 3x - 132

11(67) = 3(67) - 132

= 201 - 132 = 69

.h..-.:.lL.

J~ ~ J..w.;:Si L.>~ , :>....0 Yo 67 "'-!..ul) J):>.;:Si ~ ,-?.iJ1jAkJl L.>~ ~~;1 1 o~ ~ a~

.:>....0 Yo 69
h(72) ( b
. 11(72) ~ ~ '1 h(x) = 2x - 66 ;...l>-wl ~ l;k3 ,68 J'.;:Si 72 L.> i ~

,,>

btl';;...>JI~~ '-!l...r I~""';

,\ .JIM

_~~

= 2 x - 66
11(72) = 2(72 ) - 66
l1(x )

.~ ~

= 144 -66 =78

J.,kJ ~ J..w .r.Si L.>~ ,:>....0 Yo 72 ",-!..ul) J):>.;:Si ~ ,-?.iJ\ jAkJl L.>k3 ,~~;11 o~ ~ ~~

.:>....0 Yo 78

~~~ D

t .:.Y')\

~ ,~'JI ~,.,....:JI ; ~..L.;.. -.J\..u~ ~ ~L. j5J u~~ v(t ) ~.r ~.r'..:..,;\5 b1 ~>""
I

(6

: "; I.fJ ~

v (t ) =

4t , 0 ~ t :S 15
60 , 15 < i < 240
{
- 6t + 1500
240:s t :S 250
r

: .j~ k. :Js ~ .Jt

v(245) ( 6C

v (15 ) (68

v(5) (6A
-

---!

J~~I~ 1~1

14

g(X) =

3x 3
'

x + x -4

(22

,~~ o~1 ~I J ~~ ';~ k. ~~ JS ~ I

( I , 2.)"i~1 ) : ~1 0j o ~ I .7"J J ~ ~."

g(- 2) (a
g (5x ) ( b
g (8 - 4b) ( c

= 3 + -.J m 2 -

g em)

x< - 13 (2

x >50 (1

{- 3, -2, - I , .. . j (4

x ::; - 4 (3

x> 21 JI x

4 (23

(6

- 31 < x ::; 64 (5

x > 86 ) x ::; - 45 (8

x ~ 67 ) x ::; 61 (7

g( -2) (a

< - 19

32 ( 10

5 ~..wJ ~ yJ\ -:... w,

L..a..J1 (9

g(3m) ( b
( 3 J~ ) :':1

g(4m - 2) (c

= 5V 6x 2

t(x )

(24

ii x ,j tlb ~ y ":"';l5 1~ j \..~..1>- ,.;~ k..ij~ JS,j

~ y ~'J ,-,]I c.i ,-;-,L.>J \ ~.) ~ x ~\ ~I

.,-;-,L.>J \

t( -4) (a

(12

t(2x) ( b
t(7

I ~~

~ r ' -:... L.......

.. -.:...B \~I, .ul..a.-.t. . A (25
: 4..l Lu ~ -:...I.f--- ~ J)l>. -:... I):,....U

~I

1
2

14

74

219

= 24t 2 -

~ ,j(t)

-:... ~\

93 t

+ 78

(14

=Y

(13

y =y -6

(16

V 48y

=x

(15

(18

. -, (17

c.i ~.Y' ~ I
( 4 J~ )

.j (l ) ~) (a
.j (5) ~ JI ( b

...!..l::G:-! J~

= x2 _

hex) =

=Y+ 2

":"';l5J ' -:... \r-J~,y) \ t

' JJ~I J .J ~ \

c.i i l ,.j} l l -:...Ir-JI c.i .ij ~ .;51 j(t) o..l .d.illjl ~ J'"

( )
gx

(c

x2

'1
lu":t 0 ,

1........

+ 11)

(11

c.i ~)\

x+1

3x _ 40

-.J 6 -

~o.;::>- \I1 -:...1.f-l1

( 4 J~ ) ::i.;,;'J1J I."J.lI,y:Ub JS ~ ~."i

( 5 ,-1~)

: .;~ k.:Ub JS J ~~.i..

(2

j(x)

x 2 (29

j (x ) = 1x + _x +4 _1

(c

(31

8x + 12

(26

g(a)

= VI+:?

(28

j(a)

=~

(30

x 2 + 5x + 4

4a - 1

= 2x 2 + 18x

g (x )

- 14 (19

g(9) (a
g (3x ) ( b
g (1

h(y )

+ 5111 )

= _ 3y 3 -

6y

(c

+9

(20

Jz(4) (a
....L. J .J~ To JJJ.l1 ,y j ~ . , I:~ (32

Jy1f~ ,T =
..:...;l5 I ~l ~

271

Jz( -2y) ( b

{l; ~L

ec.i 4..lb T ~ u~ ,J J...LJ I

:..2 4..lb .:.r~ r.l1 ~ !J ,4J~ ~~ -!...LI..i5

( 5J~)

. ~\

Jz(5b
{,(t) -

)'

+ 3)

(c

41 + 11
31 2 + Sf + 1

j( -

6) ( a

j(4t) ( b
j(3 - 2 a) ( c

15

JI-, -IJI

1 -1 '-"'.loUl

(2 1

- 4x + 3 , x < 3

.--...... c
A

f (x ) =

.I

.~ I

ci 4.J1.A5 .i..>-L.JI 0

'

~.i..>-L.J I

f(x ) =

''':' 41.->

-:....; \5 1~ ~ . ~l:.:J\ I..i...o. ~ ~\ J\ )..l.J I~) '.:/) \

:..r" k t ..w , J I.:)~ yb- ~ j...; v (t) = 1800 - 30 t

(40

3 :s x :s 8

x> 8

(33

x< -5

VX+6 : - s s
1x + 8

(34

x :s 10

,x> 10

.\..;.)1T (x) .;,)1 ..l.J1 ~ I ~ (35

:"""';;L".

o~ 'J Ci) .i'

2.1x , a < x :s 7000

+ 2.4x , 7000 < x :s 20000
800 + 3x , 20000 < x :s 80000
: ~}.; ,~ jyJ lo ~'J\ .) ..l>-;.wx ~

..;,) I..l.!1e ..i...o. J ~ .) ..f.:,..j . 01""':'

/(a)

+1

<S."..:. ~ L?.iJ1(J ~ ) ~ ) ~ ) I

'7'

: .;~ L..... j5J h f. 0 ~ , [ ia ), [ ta + h) , /(1 + 11~ -

_x 3

- IS

ci ~ I o ,)~.J..Jl; L., (

c:: ~I.r- ~ '-:-'yW \ 0~I ~ ~l.:..:J

3x

(a

.6..:.0 :..r" O? ,-:-,} 1.)1C'.;... A(4), A(0.5) ~ ) ( b

J) /

500

~)1

. T( 7000) , T(10 000) , T(500 00)

VX

(42

+8

(44

= x3 + 9

(46

= x3

(48

f (x ) =
f(x)

= x2 f(x )

6x

f (x)

f(x) = -5 (41
f(x) = _1-

(43

=-

(45

x+4

f(x)

14x

+6

~)J I ~I .:/ J.$' .:,\5 1~ 1 .) ..I.>- , <r'i) 1.h>J I J~I..? \~

":~l J~ -' ,'l ri 6Jb ~
(36

(37

8 Y

f(x) = 5x 2 (47

.,

.............. . c

;;';)Li:... ~..l;..r. ~I ~ ~ ~ } IJ..l. .,J I..I.>-i J

I ~ ~ (49

2m
.i..>-~ :J--I/ 0 ~ :..r" ~ ~ ~ L...-. 0~ I A-.:.!.:J (38
:;';L...-. L?? ) , 5 m i .jL...-. ~ \ Y" ~\ J .) o.)L.;) , 0.4mi:;';L...-.

",

,/

'-"".>II

J-- I ~ \:..r" d..b- .r"

J5 ci i\ ~ ~ .r: J ..lJvo 0\5 \~ ~ . 2.6 mi

:. \..; .)1J)~ I

~_- J".w l

J ."b ~ -:....; \5 1 ~1 , f oJ."b

.4.JI..l.J1J ~
~ -:....; \5 b1 . i. G f

.4.JI ..l.J1 J ~ 0

ci W" 0)\:.11

_ _

-~~ ' J .J.aA

ci .;,)1.A5 A ...J)WI .i..>-L...-. 0

0

_ .YJ'

t , 111 .

' <.j . l.4.>-' ~ ""

'-- .

--= - 1- -. 1

~ ~
-

_o _ _

.)11. 3 :..r" G f .)1...J)wl J."b ~ 0 S; ~ ,.)L...;'J I

~ y.51) ,Sin ~ 1 ~'J I JyhJ ~ ./~ I -:""; \5 b ~ .2.5
. 'L '

'

(a

1~, 1.8 G f .)1...J)il1

ci 4.J 1.A5 A ...J)WI .i..>-L...-. ..,....sl

(b

a.b.jo4lt

4 m il h

4.>~ 1

20m il h

~ I.)..u , ;;~~

6mil h

",~ l

1~, 2 . 1 G f .)1...J)WI J."b

ilf" l.p.h; c?10 :;.;L.JI j...; .....i;.r.:.ll o.).M.:A.;,)b ..,....s1 (a
'7' j l
II t C"..a.-,
.t v..J
.... JI4.J ~..l>.
J
. ..r ~..
. .J -

~ ~ y.51) , oJ ~ J."b y.51 ~ .....l)WI .i..>-L...-. ~ --" (c

. ~~ r 1 ~1 i ...:..>- v.... ~
\

. ~.1I..l.J 1 J~ .) J.,.. ( b
J J', . 'j

i 1x J

6Jb ~ Y ~lS

bl L. ,)..1.>- ~ ':r:':-:/:l l ~)W l j-" JS J

":~ 1

= y3

(51

= Iy[

(50
J~ ~I ~ 1~ t

16

15..lA .JUI ..u

c.i ~ --.; r

;;.)~ .:.~ "

=x

.o EN ~ , f (x)

f(x) =

(~l... ;;)~) :';4 k. 0.J~ JS ~

r - 7r - 30 (65
r 2 - 5r - 24

16

-2 - -

.J1...u1~ ;;:;;lz:.ll ~ WI ~I

4y

3y

-3x
- +4
4x

(67

(52

.J1...u1

~ \::I (a

.6 ')1 1 0'" ~I n ~ ~ ~

2r - 4 (64
r- 2

1+1
a 4
1

.lIZ

Il

1 1

(66

6x 2 - ll x + 4 12x 2 + 11x +2
-=-=--''--=-=:.:..::....:.....=. (68
6x 2 + x - 2
8x 2 + 14x + 3

c.i 4-:S .}I J ly...ul 0'" .Jb J5 15 ~ ~ Q..9 ~

.4.:... J5:: ~..rJ 115J...Jly en r=-' ~ J y ~ c.i 4....0 f l y

.a t)J1

1
x - -

= -32

(70

%+ 2 ~ 0

(72

~= 1 + _2_
x

x- 2

4 ..1j n 0 ~ 1o..l:.Y f( x ) .J1...u 115..lA ~

(69

x + 1 _ 1 < 2 (71
x -3

(b

. ~.) ~ 11 0~ 1o..l:.Y f(x ) .J1...u 115..lA ~

.J1...u1 J~ ~~ 0~ y .J..l1 ~ 0'"

js .)1)

(c

(d

lb;..r, ~I (53

J ~1 0i.J..l 1 ~ JW .f (x ) = _ ,_2_
r - 4
.Y" J ~1 0 i 0 ~ J l2 ,J7 ~ .( - 00 , - 2) U (2, 00 )

.J~ ~~ ~ ~1 -:"';15 4~ . [x I x

=1= - 2,

x =1= 2, x E R ]
~ ~1

I,
If

. 4,; ~ ~ '>' .J1...u1

. 4,; ')~ ~ .Jb

JS

..Jb ~ 4,;')~

JS

..JI.) 0 ~ '>' 4,;')W I D

:.J1...u1 J ~ ~ .;~ k. &i (74

h (x )

=~
x-5
x =1= 5

x>1
- 2

x ~ f , X =l=5
3

x =1= 2

J k...:...,L {(x )
.J'

1
.JI...u1 J ~ ---...:SI (54
(x + 3)(x + 1)(x - 5 )
'
.

~ u L.aA; ~.# I ,-?i .4.Y ~ ;;~I d.A...aJ ly ;;fAll jo .J 0'"

G(1) = 1 , G(2) = 2 , G(3) = 3

4:! .JI.) G (x ) -:...;15 b !

. G(6) ~..1~ ' x ~ 3 j-<:J G(x + 1) =

G(x - 2) ~~~ - 1)

~ (55

+1s

.)1X ~~10'" ;ij ~1.J1...u1 ~ ."J1 4.,;\11 J<.-::JI&i I >:~

~l.::5' ..u-l.;:cl>1.>- -:"'; 15 I ~ !J ~:cl> 1.>- ~iy , ~ ~ y~~I
.~~

. X 0'" ..I.>-I y ~ Y 0'" ~ J5 ~J (56

. Y 0'" ~ ~ ~ X 0'" ;Si y\ 0 1~ ~ J-

'>' (57

. X 0'" ~ ~ ~ y 0'" ;Si ) 01~ ~ J-

'>'

:J ')l>.. 0'" .J1...u1~~ ~ .....A..:?

LS J...JIr"'LY..1 J ~ I r"'LY ~ :\.; ')\...jl

c::P y

(58

1~1

c;.; ~ ~

(59

.~ J" el..1 ) 4.Y ~ (60

'r=-' J y ~
.

(61

' l, I ' ,: (62

'-?' . cr--

..J.)L...., (63

17

J I.,...u 1 1-1(,)"J~1

ull~t~ Jt~...lU 4:.o~t U~L~~Jt ~

Analyzing Graphs of Functions and Relations

l.

~J 1:~1!.4JJ

J;

.!..U~ ~} ,~I tLhaJ o..ll? ~i o:k.J l

0 ~ J!...\.OJ ~
<: .. *-"'; ..J ~ I~
I I\ I ,
- .r.-' cs""

, ~ ! ~-,J'-, ..JI ':""'J '

.~

!J 4U~ '!2;

o.rAJ 1J)l>- ( 0)1~)1 0 1).:.L.~) ~ \I I J'>4J I} ~ I

:~I.u~ -", ( 1423

-1430).J"

L..J I ~ I ', __c ...i

<,:r'- .
_
v--

, Aj I ..J ' ~ .J':! ..1ZJ

f(x)

= -0.0015x 4 + 0.0145x 3 + 0.3079x 2 -0.5654x + 14.07 , l~x~8

.} 0 \~\ <J:: 0L;)W \ ~ ~ ~ \ .u \

0--4-1 J ~ \ ~ I !.l..u:- ~ } . -",1422 iU,..i.:... d.:...J 1~ j x ~ ~

.c; L;.>J I --..<; yJ I I.i.>

~~ r

f ~I .ill d ~\ ~\

, 1..201..1...-, ' 4lJ ~ '~ [j

.I..2oJ L.:...aI-, , y ~-,

':'~ J:Jw ~i

J'-,..J' ,.1.>i-, 'J '-'..JI

. ~ ,.,...;J I J I-".I.lI-, 4 -,.iJ I
IQI '.:l~~I'J'

0IJ1..ill ~~I ~I ~

;; =."",_

0~';'>-\ ~} fJ ~-~...., \:..9 ..l>-i x ~ , (x,j( x ~~\ Cl} j \l l

~I 0;;::' ~} .y = f (x) ~ ol ~ 1 ~ r f~ l .ill d~ 1 ~ \
x j ~\ ~ ~.J" j.PI}\ ol ~I <..T" ~ ~ } \........ ~I.u l ~ ~\

j}~\

.4.J 1.u1~ J!.w

~I .}

C'"yo r

L..S ,~\ .u\ ~

J-, ~I

Jl

0~\l 1.J" ~ .} 4.J1.ill J ~ I ~ I ~

roots
~ J~ J:J~ '

line symmetry
Ah4> J~ J:J ~'

point symmetry
f ~ l.ill j}~ I.j~ I~ I~ 1 IU ~

4J ' u '..J'

J ool)}\

even function

: ..;~ ~ ~~?'J " ~ I~W" op

~ '.,...;J I

~ ~ , -'" 1428.:i.:.-. 0~ 1 ~ jJ..; (a

Aj '..J'

. ~~~~1 .J"

odd function

,-" 1422 ~ ;(....olU I d.:...J 1<.?-" 1428 d.:...JI

www.obeikaneducation.com

,JL..) j l).... 23 ~ x

= 6 .J,;.y ..il.ul ~ j ii \jJ

c./' -",1428 ~ ..:- ~ 1 0;;::' ~}

. ~~ J ~ j ~ 23

"l., 10

..J '

..

!.

<II

f(6) ~ X:-}\ , ~~ GtE .J" ~}

"

.4.J 1.u \ .} ~y:J~

2

3
4
5
6
.... 142 2 ~ .:.'~ 1

f (6)

=-

.)1Y'-"-"
-

. ~~ ~~l ,y ~ ~

+ 0.0145(6)3 +
+ 14.07::::: 22.95

0,0015(6)4

0.3079(6)2 - 0.5 654 (6)

I J L.....:.-.L. I'U.
23 ........
~ - I I ~- d.iJ
'-!''Ul
-. u ~

j . -.r-'
j

,J \.u j ~ 15 0 ~1 ~ ~ ":"; l5' . ;' J..:....J I j:iJ

(b

o~ \jJ , 3 ol ..w l ,y ~) x ~ 0 ~ L., .J,;.y I j ~ 150;;::' 4.J 1.u1~ 0i d ~ 1 u~1 ~

. f (3) x:-) ~~~} .-", 1 4 25~ .} 1':;L:L 15 0 ~1

f (3 } = 0.0015(3) 4 + 0.0145(3)3 + 0.3079 (3) 2 0.56 54 (3)

14.07:::::15.4149

. 4.J ~ -", 1 4 2 5 ~~I

d.:...J I.,Lo; 1.iJ

J~..JI~

1~1

18

~WA~ ~

: 6JI ..u ~ ~ I ~..r....l.Z ~ ..;\ ~~ , l; y-.:...r.~ J )\;.:. r+-" ~ ~ ~ l; "~",,,i

J ~)~ ~ I ~ v(d ) ~ ' v (d) = 0.002d 4 - 0. ll d 3 + 1.77d 2 - 8.6d + 31, 0 ::; d ::; 20

(l

.d i r-JI . j

42 .---,....--,--,---,----,----,----,--,---,---,

"'I 36

,J' 30

'I-

't 18

1.-."'-""'-"

.:..-l------l

1 24
...:J '

" 12 I_ f----t--+- f--+--j - -

+---1-- \. -j

~ 6 I-J-~f----J---I -+--+-+-+-'l'
O L-L.....J----!----!---l.---l.---l.......l........l...-J

2 4

8 10 12 14 16 18 20
.. ~~I.)~

. (,~ ~l::-l <f ~ ~ .~WI i r-J1 . j ~I ~ ..r.uJ ";~1 ~I ~1

. (,~ ~l::-! <f ~ ~ .11.:,; 30 ~ I ~ ~ 0
.}\ i l.:"} \ ~ ..b..:J ..;~ \ ~\ ~\

(l A
(l 8

~ ~ .L:.\ ..l..oJ 6J1 ..u1 J~ ~~)' ..J~ 1 ~I <f ~1'~ ..r....l.Z ~ 6J 1..u1~ J L.......:...I ~ 'i

. o}I~) ~ ~~ I~l 'i 10)o <f IL. 6J1 ..u1 ~

15-4J' I.J J~l .3~1

. ';J ~ I .) ~ I ~ I J~~ L:.I..l..oJ ! 6JI..u1 J~ ~ Ji

: J~I

..,....~I ~)..4It J~I

xJ~ t;.... ~ ~J...u ~ 1

AJI..L! I ~ "='; J <Y' ~
U"';'~

. x = - 8 ~ \~ JWI .:>\~ (-8, - lO) ~ 6.hA.J IJ ...lJ

f J ~ .j ..:.......:J x

=-

AJI..L! 1 ~ ~::.c..;. l~:i

.u. ij (x) = x 4 - 20x 3

4 ':>\ ~ (- 4, 4) 6.hA.J1~ o}I ..u1 J ...lJ

~1<f ~ 14"JT..:..... I ~ ~ I <f ~I ~ I ~~I J~

.( ~ y ':>J~ ) ~J~ ':>J~

JWI':>~ ~~;;~ I ~ IJ L....:.....~J' [ - 8, - 4) U (- 4, 00)rf 6J1 ..u IJ ~.:>~<Y.--k.

. Ix I - 8 ::; .r, x

=1=

-4, x E RI r

!.. .-.-.. .'.~': -~_. -

'f l'

'"

I~-

:-S..wl

r f .u 1 ..u 1 15 ..l..o ':>~ LiJ 'x ~ ~ 1~; Lo~ ~J~ ~ f(x) ~ ~ b;J ' -10 ) f (-

8) <../' 6J 1..llJ ~ y \ .:>!

rl

, 4_ .
j

. ~;.-._

.._._. r: e- -;:.....----;7

. [-1 0, 00)
-- ::.:.L..

-+-'-

r8 Y

(28

-" ~ -'

- - i -"

. ~ --~ Iy= g( x)1

l~ 1=4 !Q *4. ~x i
I

1-

~4

- ~ --

'I I

___.._8

I -I

"=1

c:

~ J .r=-JI ~y ' J ~ I ..!..lJ ~ J' ~ I ~ Y J ~I yi x J~I ~I L",..l:s- e:!" Li:: c?1 6.hA:JI
.;JI..!JI ;J.)L.v, ci x = 0 .y ~y-:J~ y ~ I ~ J .r=-JI ~ W" <;Jl..!J1;J.)L.v, ci Y = 0 ~~ x ~ I
~ ~~ L.iy <;5i yi .b- ly X ~ !.l~':>~..Ii y <x ~ ;J 1..ill.:>~ .:> i <..?Jy ~I J'...,...)";~ rLY ~y

~l4l l~CS

.;5')1 1~ .b- Iy ~ ;J 1..ill.:>~ Y

..,J&. y~ I ,-!l:.S ~

JS..:JL,. ..,..;J-"
JS..:JL,. x

r3.i;;J~

~ " ' (0, y)

.( x, 0)

: (~ o..b:- JI

r.i <y ~ ~~ ~ .)~~ <oL;.)1.r.=J1..!J1 J' ulSJ JL:.:JI ~I ~ I

(b

(a

.r, Y.J,!),-oJ1 ~~
..,J&.~J ....;.j I~",", I' !

~I~ X 'Y~J~ I

wi ~.!.U~ ';'l:-;J '

.w l ..l.>YL,.~J....;.j 1

, 3a J ~ I ~ 1

I~l.:-:!I ~I ~-->=~I

J ~I ~ g(x).:>i j-UI J' ~

Y ~ I ':> ~ ~ y ' (0, 4) 6.hA:J 1..l:s- Y
.4r

I~~J.:>JI

1 ~~J.:>Jt

.1(0) ~ ..b:-)

.g(O) ~ ..b:- yi

g(O)

= /0 -

5/ 1 = 4

r(O)
l'

. 4 r y ~ l .:> i <..? 1

= 2 (0)3 + 4 = .! = I I
3

1 ' 4

~ LJ->.-J,.-J I ~

~~~ ~

~ ~J~I ~ LA ""':"::

.'

. 1 3 y I 3 r y ~ l u l <..? 1

(38

(3A

,-,",L,;.:JI~I
~ I W~ ,';' l:-;J I~ 1

WY-=

J b..,l I..,J&.J -'O<$;,.) 1

~ 13 , x J~ I ..,J&.

WY-=

-H -4

-0-4

c;..-...J I..,J&.J -'O<$;,.)1

WI ~3 YJ~I ..,J&.

Hx

~ ;;~ w l~~

-4

c.,s:.J3 . c;..-...J 13 J ~ I ':""

4x

J~I~' ~ ~ ;,.s ~
. Y" ....:1.;l13 x ~'J I

-8
--~/

Jl..i....,:,i .) ~';J y .;J.)L...JI '; J ~ ;JI..ill wl.,-JI ;J.)L...JI Jyl>- ~J ,;JI..!JI .;lA....ol ;JI..!JI ~ x e:!" lA..J1 ~
. ~I ~ ~~

1 (x)= 0 ;J.)L...JI ~ L:..;~ , j

;Jb

~.;.; ~ .)~)f !(x) = 2x 2

- 15 4.l1..LlJ ..)L:.:JI ~ 1 J-;--I

.~~ j~\rl oh ~) ~ ,L>.j~\r

+X

1~IU.A.>=~t

. ~~ 2.5 ':; - 3 W x j~1 ~ ,:,>1..)l;JI u~\:r ~

2.5 .:; - 3 W ! ;;.]1..01LfJw.' .:.> ~ JjJ

,~~~l
2x 2
~G

(2x -

.,; .~.;.....J1"".r'>J' "'=-"~

'.J. l.a.oJS~l>..:

+3 =0
x = -3

JI
JI

. 2.5 .:; - 3 W

+ X - 15 = 0
5)(x + 3) = 0
2x - 5

=0

x = 2.5

;;.] 1..01LfJwo .:.>1Lfl

~4.>A~ ~
(48

( 4A

_L

Jy ~\ J:> ~ ~,~ Jy yk::JI :J"W1:r.:.>l.>- y ~L:.:JI u\j~1 u~ ~Y- 1 ~ L4iJ 1

4AJ1 Jy- 180 4---~ 4.e J I j: ~I ..r..J .x; ~ blLfI ~ Jy yk::J1 J , ~ L.; ~ I L.L.a.; ~ ~1I
:y W \ t!yi ~\r ~ -;~ ~J . A, '1 ~k-9

J' J.JJ'J ':'Li~I.,t.W

X ..J~ I Jy- ~ l4;JI ,j~

y 0~

-y~.J3U

0\5 I~l

"":'4-:Jl~~1~0~

. lli ~ U .:> w ~

~-' I~! ,

~I-,

..ly-.<J\

J.9-""

~\4:..A

(x, y) ~I u:,\5 I~~

~ 10~ ' '''':' 4-:J I ~ I ~

. ~ j ~ ~ (x, -y)

x 0~

-x~.J3U

0\5

~4-:J1~~1~0~
..
,
~-' 1~! , y ..ly-.<J\ J.9-"" ~\4:..A

I~!

. lli ~ U .:> w ~

~ ~I-,

x 0~

-x~.J3U

U.:>ls.A ~

0\5

1~!

.~j~~(-xIY)

(x, y)

y 0~ -y-,
.lli u:.o

(x, y) ~I u:,\5 I~!

~10~ ' '''':' 4-:J I ~ 1

"":'4-:J'~~1~0~

I:>! , ~'":ll\ ~ J.9-"" ~\4:..A

(x, Y) ~I u:,\5 I~ !~-,

0~,"":'~1~1~~1-,

. ~- i .t.....k
..

-- (- x -y)~1

~l4;J' Lo', . ~ .:.lA::>t..lJ

4.h;;;,J

Y ..J~ I Jy
J...>'.il

.:.lA::>t..lJ,j#

.J IJ -u IJ

' ~'l+al J.
~I
v-

. J-.-:'~ 1 6.bA;J y .;.r-JIJ x .;.r-JI J.,t> YW 1.;~ ~ ~~ I ~~t....,J l if

.....,. 1,J 1.,..~ 1 ~ 0~

:~~ 4:-- ~ ~ , ~~ ~ ~~ l':'~

I,i x - .i~1.-

_. 8 '
4

0i ~l .,.. j:>L..:11

JSJ .jLJI u~1 ~I

x - y2=1

. ~W t.,:..,..~ i

(a

1~\I~t

.~

'X .; ~\ J y - yL,;;.. ~\ .:>\ .jLJ \ u~\ if ~

. ~ \ ~ ~\ c!' (x, - y) 6..hA.J\.:> ~ , ~\ ~ (x, y)

.i.hA; uISJ .:,''1

-4

-8

10

10

-1

- 2

-3

(2,1)

(2, - 1)

(5,2)

(5, -2)

(l0, 3)

no, - 3)

.G-~~
.-;: ::._ -:t l

xy = 4 (b

8 y.

-8

- 2

- 0.5

0.5

-0.5

- 2

- 8

0.5

(-8, - 0.5)

(-2, -2)

(-0.5, - 8)

(0.5, 8)

(2,2)

(8,0.5)

.G-~~
.-;: ::._ -:t l

.j-P''1I .i.hA;

J ~ yL,;;.. ~I ':> ~ ,xy = 4 c} ts:; (- x)( y) = 4 -.J ~ t....,J I.:> i ~

~i>A~
(58

Rx

-8

(SA

-8

Rx

I
I
I

0L-.-1 JIJ..uI.:r ~y:.\1~-4JJ~ .bA; J--:'\l1 ~ J y-- JI .bA;y .J~I Jy-- J 1J..u1u ~ <Y~ 01~
.0 L..o l>

f( - x) = f (x) w~
f(-x) = -j(x)

.] J~ ~ x ~

. ~V

I JI..9.lJ1 Y .J~ t J-p ill~1 J

'..9.lJ 1~

w~ , f J ~ ~ x~

6J~

:i.:.)} r1~ J j ;;J1..u1 ..::..;l5' 01.)~ I""l:.>..;,., jL. ~ .t;;~

/L. ~;;Jb J5" ~ ~~I ,-:--WI ~I

:I"" l:.>..;,., <Y~ ~~.)} J i ~ Jj ;;J1..u1..::..;l5' l~lJ . ~~ ~~l.:r ~ ~ .~~ ~ i

f(x) = x 3

.
- ~ - - I I , I A \l I~ J y-- :\.t~ ...1I..u10i <J''U_. I u\..:.,.J I cr"
~
'
cr"
~ J c..r-

<

: ~ ~~ ~~

f( -x) = (_.\") 3 -

.;(xl

= \ 3 - 2 r ~'"
..

2 (- .\")

= _ x 3 + 2x
= _ (x 3 - 2x)
= - f (x)

'-11..1.1'

= - f (x ) 0\1 ~:i.:.)} .J1..u101LSI

.f( -x)

f( x) = x 4
"

'1', -.. . . \

~ ~/

.. .

t.t~~ "t .

'i

=f( x )

, 4J '.JJ1
.({xl = x~ +:1 4.....l....:"

.f( -x)

= f(x) 0\1 ~ ~Jj .J1..u101 L?1

f (x ) = x 3

,.,

l'" .

.-- -

= (_x)-1 + 2

.,

"

2 (b

: ~ ~~ ~.l.E

_ _ t1-~""""~H'(

.:r ~J ,y .J~I Jy-- 4.t~ .J1..u101 ",;WI ~ I.:r ~

f( - x)

2x (a

, .r-:
I A\l 1~

I
'l

\'..,\$:..0 - \
I I

0.5 x 2

J y-- 4.t~ 0 S:;..li .JI..u101<J'.

'UI
.
J

-Ii

3x (c
.I.:!

JIJ..JJ IJ ~JjJl J'J..lJ'

~ ~

: ~ ~~ ~~ .:r ~J

A~ f( - x)

= (_.\") 3 -

0.5 (- .\")2 -

o.!JJ~...A ~~;i>JI
-";'L...;J I':'~I~

3(- x )

' o.!JJJ ~ ~IJ *'W

"

=_

'--'

x3 -

0.5x 2

J=jl.4:J 1.:r ...sbl~ 1:1.1

+ 3x

r JS ~ ~~

'f( -x) =1= f(x) 0~ ' - f (x ) = _ x 3 + 0.5x 2 + 3x 01 ~J

.:i.:.)} -.::......JJ ~ Jj -.::......J .J1..uL9 IjJ if( -x) =1= -f(x) ~ ..i5J

~~~ ~
h(x ) = x

2x + x (6C

g(x)

= 4vx

(68

f( x)

(6A

J~ j ' JS ~ ~)' "A w js- J

11 4.l1..ill J~ I

~I ~I

(2 J \;.A) .I.AI..Lo., 4.lIJJI

_: - ' , :\,. 1\.... 11' .. . ~ ..lA.:.l \ -t w 4.1b ~ 'W I " .. - II 1_ . - .\

...,...,....,
r' .r - - ~ ..r.
<../ '-' <../ -. ..r--- ..r-
:..!.lE i ) I~ ! ~ j ' ~ } I.)) ~lJl ,-:,,)-, .(~ ~~) j'
<0

(7

'-:"

(6

J!

(lJ\;.A )

(2

(1

x
~

-4 .

8x

(8
g (O ) ( c g( - 3) ( b g (- 8) (a

g( 19) ( c

g (12) ( b

-8 Y
:1"_

4 ..

.
.- 8

cr" u L,...) ~~.r-AJI ~L.a.>J I..}.Y u l) .:::>.1~J~ \

. ~ ~~ 0);

ulc-.J..u ~1

-4

'4....~ (10

._

(3

- .

Hx

-4

~ ,6..; ..L....> ~ C)

PC)
x

s., \A.. J I.;.:>- \II J)\>. ~ I J 4_A::.4_4-.1I) ;;;~ \ ;;jLhJ\ ..:....; ts b ~

: <i~ w. ~t.; ,ol; ~f ~ I ci c?.Y r w (J) JyJ~

_
_
.
_
.
y

..

(4
.. _ _

g (6) ( a

fO) ( c f( O.5) (b f( - 3) (a

{ -3 , x < 2
.
x -I ,x ~ 2 ._-'

P(9) ( c

P(2) (b P( - 6) (a

(2 J l.:A )
~~ ) J~I~ci 0~ \ o~ \~..:....; t5 \ ~ l
:JLu~ o\.h.o

_ 2.5 r ----;r----r-

----r--,--

-,

f(x )

~:~ ~~~~f-q~=EEE!
t

(J1427 .))J 1421 ) 0J.:..J I ci (~lu\.;..J \

= 0.0509 x 4 -

0.3395x 3

2.28x 2

+ 25.35x + 88.27

(1 J \;.A) . J 1420 i ~..i.:... '.:.....J I ~ J x

2.0
1.5

~ 1.0

,,) l:!A

.r-

;J 0.5 ~-=~~)L..:.-~__1C~=7~
;:: 0.0
~

'--I....-'---'' - - - ' _-=-----'----'-----l..---'----'-_

- 150 - 100

-50

50

j.

( C) ;;.J I~ I

.:Jb j5J LS..wly J ~ \ ~ yi (a

..l:;.

.)..L....>

JS ci ;;; ~I ;;jLhJ\ ..r. ..lA.:.l J~I ~ I ~I

.L?.r.L:-J\.rWJ\

, y .J~1 ~ ~~)'
(3, 4 .J ";{ ~I)

\/4 w

4.lb

100

- .+-

/'I

J--

1 a ti2

.....

I
'

50

lI

==H_

~ _

++

'J

'-'~ Jyl ~I ~I

_ y-_

.S

(b

:(~ ~ I ..i..", ~ .,I ~ , 4.1I..u1 ) ";..",,1-,

(12

150

34

678

14 20 .:....;... .:,1~1

(11

~I J ~ ~ J 1425 <.:......

ci 0) G-...J1 oL;,..J1~ J:i;

(a

' J ~\

~ lc-l ~).. ( ..,-:- J> 1425 <.:...... J 0) G-...J1 oL;,..J1 ~ ~ yl (b

LT"? ~ ) 1.))

. .or-

.r" .) yL

.( ..,-:-

130 ~ 0~ 1 oL;,..J1~ ..:....;t5 .s:JI u

~l:;lc- l LT' ~J

' J L:JI ~I

I J.'i; ( c

J ~~ ~

(5

,../4 L...o 6Jb J5' ~ ;;';;L:-:J I ~ WI ~I

~~ I ~W ,

.~~ ~ i l ~.:l } il ~)) 6J 1..u1 .:,.;15 ':" 1 .:l~ ~ ~ Jb. ~ , ~

(14

(13

(18

(17

-FL..,j ~ ~.:l }) 1 ~) ) 6J 1..u1.:,.;\S 1 ~ 1) . (~ ~~ 1.:r ~ ~

( 6 J ~)

f(x)

= -2x 3 + 5x
hex) =

18 -

f(x) = x 2

4 (26

+ 6x +

g (x ) =

2xl (28

x
= X+
-1

(30

(27

= Ix31

(29

f(x)

10 (25

VX+6

g (x )

: ~~

::i.....:r-.1 L.. . 'I I . ; ...LQ;j f 6J l..ill 'UI I ' . -II t, . .\ (31

'1l""":"' J"
<./ -. u-:---...r-

8 .~' -" l j~t ~1

-+--1 4

-~~~1l~

0.--8
f( -4) (b

f( 2) (c

f (- 2) (a
y

Ok')\.) ~ 4->- ~ ~ I...I.; .r.J 1 0k ' .:l~':" \5 b 1 I '::' ~ (32

-">1 426 .J1-"> 1422.:.r o.rAJ! J)\>. ..j ') ~ ~ lj".i,A.o ~L~ \

wi ~.J x ~ , hex) = O.5x2 + O.5x + 1.2 6J 1..uL ~

.:

1422 .i.o

(20
J

~ 12

:~

~
.,] .

,~

:!

8
6

V
yo

.,i

II'

"

.;; 10

(19

l- t-

V
12
..... 1422 .:.w

4
- y~ -

(22

'::" I~ I

--

. l.o> l..lo '-:-' j ~ , 6J I..u1 J ~ ~I (a

~ . -,,> 1 4 24 L ~ l o J:..p-'l I .> ~ J"-...LQ;j ~I~1 (b

. (~ .!.lE ~ JI

. (~o~JI~6J I ..illy~ I~J"-...LQ;j~ I~1 (c

~y ~I~ I~L,

(24

'r

~ ~ Jl.;
~ ~)I\ .:,.;\5 b ) ~)"';_"", I 6J I..ul o-4J J'" (d
,'J '-!~ )' 1.:,.;\5 \;'0 . L",L,.,. ~J , ) ..,~."", ''} I o-4J ~~

. ~ I e:-b ~

-8

- 16
[y

+ 4)2

~--

16(x - 3)2

= 576

-4

(21

~ JJl>- r-+-" .r-- .j .r."dJ 4.:-,.:...J \ .i.:-JI 0i J'} \ I """,i (42

: ;;J\..lJ ~ ~ o..J>..l.J

p( x)

= 0.0005x

:~'1 IdJ.:.....,\! ly~t;I1E N~'f(x) =x 'l -':"";l5 I~ l I J I . P (33

11

~.:..r ~ j5J ~ f (x ) ~ ~~ I ~WI ~I

. <1 ::; 11

+ 0.243x - 1.0 14x + 1.04

' .T- ~ k.:..r I ~..l.: ~I ri J X ~

0.01 93 x 3

(a

6o.rAJl.j

::;

.;;Jb j5J LS..wI.J J ~I ~I ( b

. ~ ;;J I ..lJ I ~ ~ ~I ~ WI ~1 ( a

.;;Jb j5J ~WI ~ ( c

.L.>.I..lo Jjj ~ <;;JI..lJ1J ~ ~) ( b

<~l.W .J ,L.>.I..lo.J <f (x ) = x 35 ;;JI..lJI J ~ ~

~ ~ bL. .J <y ~I ~ '-;--!p ~ I ~1 ( c

. ~ ~!J.~ ~

.L.>.l;,...., ~ .J.J <;;JI..lJI Jl.Q....,i ~.Ji ( d

~ LS..lo ;;JUI o~.j ~ ...j. r ' :;~~.:,~ "

.2 ,).LJI.:..r x r:' ~ L...L:.Y f(x) = x ~ 2 ;;J1..lJ1
LS.r>-i ~ .......i....bi.J . j ? ,) ')L_/~I J .JJ..=:JI Y;I

G-,~
.J.JJ..=:JI ~i ~ .oJL:,)0 2 ,) .LJI~ .)1x ~
I

~L, x ~ ...J:>->../ i,).j ~ 1.J ..lJI -::...L.I.r.-J..o ,)~ 0l51~!

r:' ~ ..;JI ~ 1.J t

~ I L. <~.J~...? \J....:.... ~
~2 ,).LJI .:..r x '"--! ~ L...L:.Y ;;JI..lJI ~

j. ~ l.::

<..J~ IJJG:- .:..r ;;J I ..lJI ~ '"--!~ ..;J\ ~I ~ I ~

. ~~ ! cb.J.J c tJl l .j <J~ I

I ~! ,) .i> j . ~ :i.:''11Jl j ..lJl.:..r ~ j..

= x2 -

= 23 -

(a

. ~ ~ lJ~ .J ,;;JI..ill ,--;--"WIJ~I~1 ( b

...J:>->.. J~\ i ,).j I ~ .r:-yo 0~ ~ \ .J ..lJ \ "::"' L. I ~.:..r,)~ r,S'i L. (c

~ ;;J I ..lJ 1 o~ ~ .J

<u..Jl.Q....,i ,).i>s

,~ :i.:''1 1Jl j ..lJI.:..r ..J..s ~ ~~I ~l.:oJ t

I

:l1.rf':" ;;J1..lJ1.J Li....:>i.:..r ~

.-. . ,
~

( b

f (x )

(c

= xx ++39

(36

f (x )

(38

h(x ) = 2Yx

g(x) = -12

X -

6 (45 h(x)

flf?,)

= g9

(47

422

+ 42

(49

= x5 -

+ 16x

(44

= x6 + 4

(46

= x 4 + 8x 2 + 81

(48

h(x)
g (x )

1 (35

12 - 8 (37

: ..;~ ~ J5' ..) u.I..lo j 4J~,).l:><:.l f ;;J1.ill <Jl::-:JI ~I ~I

~~ t ~l.:oJl
17x 3

= 4x x-

( d

-,-. 8 L.-

" -- ~'

. ~~ do i i 4.:,)} ii ~ jj ;;J1..lJ1

f( 2)

+ 347.7x

. ~ ;;J1..lJI J:....:.l ~~I ~WI ~I

~ ~ 1 cb.J ~ b tJll .j

f(x)

96 .65x 2

+ 3.45x 3 -

~ <J~I ~I ..\s,;: J..-.J . ~ ;;JI..lJ1

-.:.,..;\S

f(x) = 0.5x 4

(a

11 1 I ffi
.

I AJ..!.:!- (34
: ;;J1..lJL ~ ~ 1 .J..lJI.J .JL:;.:..r

(43

1 999

1 99

(d

V(x) 1

- -- -

(39

"
'

y . - -

(40

'- 0-0

~-r--

: -t. ~ ;;J l>- 1<

t./ -

j j,

I f '-?

< (-3,8),

' II - -

. .

t:;L., r..r
\:-:: . 'L.~
-. AJL.....

j .r-- ~ ~ - .

(-4,4), (-5,2), (-8, 1)

. - -4
.

-1/(x)1

-+--+----

-, ~ -

.1,~ ~ /'"".. ~ (50

. Y J~ I Jy- ~L,,;:,..,.J
J y- ~L,,;:,..,.J

.ro. 0), (2, 6), (3, 12), (4, 24) .b~ ~ /'"".. ~

(5 1

. x JY,...JI
~L,,;:,.., .J

: ;j JW ~ ~...,........:J I Jy- "::"'~.i..JI ..J>..i JL.. 0l5 1~! I ~ ~~ (4 1

x2

<(- 3, - 18), ( - 2, - 9), ( - 1, -3) .1,~ ~ /'"".. ~ (52

. ;j JW I ~ ~ ~W I ~ 1 ( b

. ~ .Jj ;;J b ~.J (4 , -16), (6, -12), (8, - 8) .b ~~ /'"".. ~ (53

.?,\! I ...? ..J>..I.J Y F4J~y- ~...? ,x

y2 _

. ~.i..J I JL.. ~ ~l.W ~ ( a

.J--:'\! I ~ Jy

2'l.i..:..r;st .Ji1 ) 0 ;;Ju.U 0~.:>i ~ bW~ .J . ~ I (54

8 ;- 10 -

~ LS.r>-i

.1,lA.;

6~ ~ ,(2,

VS) ~ ~ 0

.i..Jl y b) (c

0.i..JI 4; /'"".. .:>i

= 2x2 + 2

p(x)

(70

p(3) ( a
p(x 2 ) ( b
p(x

+ 1)

. ~4-) J~ .o l>- ~1J , ~ ~~I d.;l.:-.Jl l.$i I ~~

(c

r'~~...lY
h(x) = 2x 2

+ 4x

II

~ ,j (x ) =

'~ ~...lY n ~ ,j(x)

h(3x ) (b

+ m)

j( x)

II

= vnx 4..I1..ll1 l5...\.4

ly I y 2: 0, Y E R)

.~.Jj~~~,~

1
= x 2 -1
(73
6

= V 3x + 18

(74

,..,~) bt x) 4.J1..ll1-:...;l5 I ~ ) ~~ ,..,~} 4.Jb a (x) -:...;l5 b)

: ~4-) J/.J

- .h..-..
:<.?'-t- L.,..,;j.s
.

b(x)

16 -4" (78

~~

= a(-x)

(60

b(x) = -a (x) (61

27 3 (75

646 (76

\ / 4L.,.., JS .j ~'; .r.i- ( i ' ~Jj (1

b(x)

( ~ L. ;;.) ~)

(57

~ ,j-o'}I\ 4..h.;;.; J r: 11180 ~}j 4..Ib 0)~ I~) (59

= x 2 - Vi (72

j(x)

4..I1..ll1l5...\.4 (56

(c

~...lY
j(x)

jy I y 2: 0, Y E R)

- 7 (71

h( - 9) ( a

h(2

II X

= [a(x)f

(62

= a(lx\)

(63

= [a(x )] 3

(64

49 - 2 (77
b(x)

36 - 2 (80

252 (79
b(x )

(i~ b;;j b~i.:L.,..,JS .j.Jj~~ I~I ~_'y ' ;:~

~I J

71

4..I)I~ x ~ ~ .J~ d.:..r .;-:5i \\;;,>- I ~...lY

II

.~4- ) J.r.J ~;;j b ~ )I ( Il; l:>-I

015 \.)) (81

. o L; ~i

l~

.x =4~\Jy-~~ (65

= 2~IJy-~~
. x, y j UY><...JI.:..r J5 Jy- ~~
.y

(66
(67

~ A
n - 1 D
~ -2 < x < 3 4J ~ 015 b) ,j(x)

1 < j (x ) < 9 (
1 ~j(x) < 10 D

~ B

= x 2 + 1 4.J1..ll1 l5...\.4 L. (82

5 <j(x) < 9 A
2 <j(x)

~l-~l

(l-l .........>..u l )

..>oJ

.,JA

: ~i.: L.,..,;;jb j.sJ ~}h..Jl ~ I ~ Ji

g (x )

= x2 -

< 10 B

lO x

+ 3 (69

g(2)

(a

g( -4x) ( b

g(1

+ 311)

(c

u~l4-lltJ ~~t J:.~t":Jt ~~ ~~J J~'Jt

Conti nuity, End Behavior, and Limits
~JI.I~WJ

i Ji 'cb'j \ ~~
cjL,) \ uL;...J 1i f ~ ' J ) ~ \ cjL,)\ ~I l..,?j cr:" Y" LoS ~lo~
J..:..v J WI Y" LoS ~I ~ J..:..v (01';;) t LbA.; \ J:,LA.; ~ L", 01
. x=600 r x=900

_ 200

160
120

..J'

80

40

w)~~ ~ 0L;~ 0~yo-:U j5

0 L--

.r"

"-J1..lJIJ~~~ !~j'
~J~I.,>u.I...L43

. <? ~ I

1J4!J~ I!2J
~c..~'-6-'JI~ i .

-'--..I..-.-'--

~i3 ,"-Jb Jl.=31 (yo

Ak....~I~I~~

~) .0j'U )i tLbA.;1 &i cjL,)\ ~ c.i ~ r.l b [ 4.L,a;;.. dJl..u1 0~ Jl-:i'i t

. .,;.y -\ ;;\\ ; "010 ,) ' _ .. 1\ L. ""~
r - E ..r
.J ~ J
L
.
o..o-I.J ~ i f oJ Lu\ ~ '-;-' ~ 0i Y" x

= C J..:..v f <x) J.:o oj \:; JL.a;1 J:,) r- ..o-i 0[

. ~ I J I3 ..lJ 1 ~

u...~c..~'-6-'JI~i

~ 1~,.,..b.:J~

."-JI..lJ \?~I

~ i f 4.] \..l! \ ~ ,-;-, IP\ i ~ 0[ .JL;JI.J ~\ ~ i f C i f x ~ '-;-' ~ L.J..:..v

.~4J\ ~ ~\

ct\.; .Jl Jr'}\.Jl ~W\ 0),)

~14J1..lJ1

continuous function
~~I

limit

. '-' - - f (x ) 1l1.J.!1~':':'lS
-

u-A . ..>-""-'

0-" C 0-"

x ":-'~

LA~

bl, t:,.:'ltj . . . _-:t\

.

'r--

discontinuous function

L ~~Ij ~

x ,,:-,~ LA~f(x) ~~0~ ,~I

~~~I JL..oJ~1

. L ~ c 0-"

-..
0 'jl;- r '';i ~ c;~

L0 )

~~
i~j ' limf(x)
x~c
X

~1~4J I..lJ1

= L0IJ~
'"

~~I JL..oJ~1

c 0-" x ":-'~ LA~ f(x) 1l1.J.!1

i"..J.C.

jump discontinuity
,
~I Jl.=3~1

.JL.a;)lJ c,?~ 1 ~1

i"..J.C.

infinitediscontinuity

i"..J.C.

r+' ~ ~ ~ L: ~\.rJ- dJl..ill cj L,)1 ~ 1 01

point discontinuity

:4.] I..l!I J L.a;\ i~

4Jlj>U J.:>WI Jl.=3~1 i"..J.C.

removable discontinuity
J.:>W I ~ Jl.=3~1 i"..J.C.

~ ~ J~I~...L.C

4Jlj>U

lll.ill

c 0-" x

~ ~~~ J~I~...L.C ll l.ill

x= c

j i 1l1.J.!1 ~ w..l:'!j..3 I~ ! X = c

":-'~ LA~

,,:-,~LA~~j~~~~

=c

1l 1.J.!1

":-'~ LA~

0-"

1l1.J.!1 ~~.:.:.lS I~ !X
~ ~~ ~

~ -f~ J~I~...L.C lll.ill

1l1.J.!1 ~ -fjL...:i~j

~..rJI..L; ~ !.)~j

'x = c

L:;,;~.:.:.lS I~ !

c 0-" x

~~~~.)~ 10-" j ~ I

'~jl...U.A~ ~j

.(o)~~

j i ~10-" c 0-" x

~1~,.,..b.:J~

~~I

end behavior
www.obeikaneducation.com

, Jli.o

..)~I

nonremovable discontinuity

;JLL!I ~~ 0.> ~1 ~

",'J ~ 4.l l j?U .}.l,; JL.a;1 i~ ~I J L.a;)l1 i ~ ~

u5J.J 0'>.Y':" .Y' X = C..LY d..; 4J I .:.> ~ ;JW I i..::. c.i.J .d.bA.:.J I ...:.Ll; ..LY a.a:.. e::--a.:l
c.i w . X = C..LY ;J1..Ll1 d..;~ ~ l,$.J L..;)I j(c) .:.>\ ) X = C..LY ~..r- .r..i- ;J1..Ll1
0

' J .J ~ I ~ I

'::'~~l

I (x) 4J 1.ill ~ '.P."-'

l L:a ,)~-, r ..J.J:. .JI X

0!

=C ~

"' ~''p'"-, ~ ~~ :i

JL.a;1 i~

4 \..}Y l,$jO.A.J l J L.a;)l1i~.J <J~)U I J L.a;)l1 i~ <.Y' ";.5 ~

'":'~ Lo~ f (x ) 4J 1.ill

.C.J-o x

)I ;J1..Ll1 ~':'>\ .Ji ,L>. ) .--!.)1.J JL.a;)l 1i~:\bA.; ~.)1 ~ ~ <.Y' '-:"';:Z ;J1..Ll1 ~':'>'J ~ 4.ll j ?U .}. l,; ~
.'>.J.b- )~ ~L;; .Ji ;J\..Ll \ .>b; l,$i ,d.bA.:.J\ o..i..", ..LY O.>:i.,...., ~ <.Y' '-:"';:Z

J I...Ai'":i1.) ~l
.
: ~~ I ..b~~ 1 ~ I~ !X =

c ~ ~!(x) AJI..u101Jl.a,:

'~~P:-Y>!( c) 01($1 , c ~ ~~!(x)

'~~P:- y> VE1!(X)01($i . ~ I 0A c 0A

"'"'~ \.4~ ~ ~10A "'"'~ !(x)

. lim
!(x) = !(c)
X->C

.JL.a;)l 1J ~ I J~~ ~~! J~

. X

= 2..LY ~ !(x) =

2x 2

3x - 1 ;J1..Ll1 ..::...;tS 1 ~!

\....>J..:

. ~ )1.:l 1 JL.a;)l 1.k.J~ <.Y' ~

~ . '> .Y':" yo!(2)
. X

1.9

1.99

1.999

0.52

0.95

0.995

2.U

JJ:>

(l

= 2..LY ~..r- ;J1..LlI.:.>i ,-?i ,j(2) = 1

2.001

2.01

2.1

1.005

1.05

1.52

.:.>i l,$i .i <.Y' '-:-';:z j(x) ~ .:.>~ ,~I <.Y'.J JL..)I <.Y' 2 <.Y' x ~ '-:-';:Z \.....LY ",i J.J~ I ~

. limj(x) = 1

x ->2

~ Y..J .x = 2..LY

a.a:.. ;J1..Ll\ ,j~ ! xlim

j(x) = j (2) ,j\ ~ , j
->2
~

. X

lim !(x) = !(2) J;:, ( 3

x---.,2

(2) = 1 , lim j (x ) = 1 ,j\ ~

I <:d =

x ->2

= 2..LY ;J1..Ll1JL.a;\ 1.3 .1 ~ \ c.i j (x) ;J\..Ll \ ~

~~~ ~

:J L.a; )ll .J ~1 J ~ ~ ~~1.J .J'. . X

j (X) = {

x <O
x , x 2': 0

= 0 ~ ~ ~'1 I.:r-=J I..u l,J" J5' ..::...;tS 1 ~1 \... ~J..:-

us

j (x) = x 3 (lA

2x 2 - 3x - 1

1.3.1~1

4..!I..U\ J~\ .J~ \ ..:>1 . d.1A.J1 ...:.l.t ..G- .\.L.a.:.. .d- 4..!1..u1":>~ ~ .i.b..G- J~'}\ .b37- <f <..,?\ ~ ~ 1.)1
..i.b...:.l.t..G- J~'}I i~ l.f J.:...l>..j ~ !.\~~

-3.1

5.001

5.01

5.1

-3.0

-3.001

- 3.01

-2.999

-2.99

-2.9

-10.997

-10.97

-10.7

<fj(x) ~ '-:-'~ ~ ~ '.JL)I<f -3<fx,-:-,~L...G-5<f,-:-,~j(x)~..:>\ J3~1~

<f x,-:-,~ L...G- ~ ~ <f ,-:-,~j(x) ~ ..:>i~ 3 . ~I <f - 3 <f x,-:-,~L...G--11

i~ 1.3.2 ~ I cij( x) 4..!1..u1 ~ ~ y..3 . X = -3..G- <..,?.;; J~ \ i ~ j (x ) Jl..ill..:>~ -3

. x = - 3..G- 4..! 1..u1 J~ I

1.3.2~1

. x = 3, x = -3..G- /(x) = x + 3 (b
x2 - 9

.d-j(X) . :> ~ ~3 ' Lr-' :> y:- 3"" .d-j( -

3), j(3) ":>1 <..,?\

,~:~ .d- ..:>Wlj( - 3) = %, j

.X

-3.1

-3.01

-3.001

-0.164

-0.166

-0.167

- 3.0

=-

3, x

(3)

= %(1

= 3 <f J5 ..G- .\.L.a.:..

-2.999

- 2.99

-2.9

-0.167

-0.167

-0.169

. :> \ <..,? i ,~I <f -3 o" x '-:-' ~ L...G- -0.167 <f '-:-' ~ j(x) 4..!1..u1 ~ ..:>\ J.J~I ~

. lim j (x) ::::: -0.167 ::::: --6

x--->-3

2.9

2.99

2.999

-10

-100

-1000

3.0

3.001

3.01

3.1

1000

100

10

)~ J.:.I..iJ j (X) ~ ..:>I.J .JL)I <f 3 <f x '-:-' ~ L...G- :>3.1>- ~ c.r9\.:.:j j(X) ~ . :> \ J3~1 J~

.o:>y:- 3"" .d-Iim3j(x),,:>~ '~3 , ~ I .r 3 <f x,-:-,~ L...G- :>3.1>

x--->

J~'}I i~ ..:>~ ,0:> y:- 3"" E~/(x ) . :> \ ~3 ,0:> y:- 3"" .d-j( -3) ..:>'1 \ X = - 3 ..G- .\.L.a.:.. .d-j (x ) (3
"""';;.f ":>.J:> c.r9\.:.:j j(x) ~ . :>'1 x = 3 ..G- ~~'} J~\ i ~ j(x) 4..! 1.ill 3 .x = - 3..G- 4..! lj/u -y'l!

1.3.3~1

c.i ~I ~ Y-3 .~I <f 3 <f x '-:-'~ L...G- """';;.f ~ J.:.I~':;;.J .JL)I <f 3 <f x '-:-'~ L...G
.!.\yLJI Ii..::> 1.3.3 ~ I

.x

= 2..G- ,

j( x)

={

+4

x> 2

2- x

x:s;2

5x

(28

~~

:'-=J

~WA~
O=, j(x)

C4

a < b u:,\S~ ,A.l...Al.A <lJb f (x ) u:,\S I~ !

, b.J a 0-:7 c ~~ ~-'= .u~ f(b) ~ f(a) 0-:7 11

~ w~ ss

v
f llJ )

l lcl

. f(c) =

o
lea)

,p..tlo-\1l~~.,.. )

<lJbf( x) u:,\S I ~!
" j;

. .. v::--.. , :' l~ ':"" af(b) ~

.J L..:.~
I 'T

11

f (a) U' \S~ A.l...Al.A

~ ,b -' a 0-:7 c ~~I ~ .....,.I~ ~~ ~-,=.u~

. b ~ a 0-:7 <lJ1~~ ~-'= \fl .f(c)

=0

;;JL.:i)'I.>-.!.!il ~Jl..4.-~1 ~
. [ -4,4] o.r-iJ1

-i f( x) =

x 3 - 4x

+2

.;JIJJI )..i...o<>1 ~

~.;11 4.)~1 ~I ~1~~1 ~~

-4

-3

-2

-1

- 46

- 13

- 1

17

50

LSi, - 3, - 2 ~ f( x) .;Ji.ill-,~ ~ Yo ....;~ ,~ U l ~ 1 ~ J ' ~Y' f( -2) J

"h

< x < 1 o.r-iJ1.) ~i ~\.JL;,1..r-;';;; J IJJI ~ 01.1V-'i .

<x <-

4.:JL. f( -

3) 01L..;

2 o.;..V1 .) JI..lU}...., ~ Yo

~ I .) f (x) J I..ll1~ COY...J . ~ .;..V I ~L",.) .;Ji.ill .J ~1 ~ y J ~ J-4 I..L. J . 1

< x < 2 o.;..VI

1.3 .4~1

. ~ I o..L.1.3.4

[- 3, 4].[(x)
oJL;,)' I ~ ~ 'i

~ ~' .;:

~~~ ~

(3B

[- 6,4] ,(x)

~ .<3 + 2~~X +~

.;1 \ul.;..V \ ~ 1 . ~ \ J I..llI)...aJ ~.;; G..; Y' ~~ Lo o?.) .;J1..ll1 ~ u l.JL;,1~ 0 1

...:u ~ J' ~ \ J .}> ~\ J' ;;J I..ll\ ~ ~...J ,.;J I..llJ .J ~\ ~ Y J c/W 'i ~~

f( x) = x 2 +

0.16 .;J1..llJ ~\

.J ~~ \ ~ ~ .;114.)~1 ~I ~1~\1J ~~

"':'l:-;J I~ I~~
I.:.J ' 1 ~ 1-, I.:,..o..., 41 I .....u

.[-3, 3] o.r-iJ1 .)

c.>y.l ,-:-","~ I~J..wJ I~ 1

. t":':'~ ".II ..>J IJ lA...>i ~

o
0.16

f(x).)J J , o~ 1 x ~ ..l:.Y ~)';'l~ 'i .;J1 ..ll1~ 0\ .1V- 'i

-4\.?~ f(x) \..l:-JJ ' JLJI J' 1 ~ ..w l J' x ~ '-:-' ~ Lo..l:.Y ~l:..;;
~';J\..llJ~ ~ ~Y J u~ IJ'0~ \jJ ~ x

...:U ~ J' ~ ~ .;J1..ll1 j. .0 J

~Yo ....;~ IjJ :[ -

= O~,y

-1 ~l:.:..J1 ~~..wl

1,0] 0.;..VI.) ~ J" x J ~ I .\.JLL1\ ~

.o.;..VI o..L..) .;JI..llJ ~ L.r..~

I
~

[0,4] ' f (x ) = x 3

7x 2 + 18x - 14 (4 8

____J

[- 5, 5] ..j(x ) = 8x 3

2x 2

5x - 1 (4A

~ ..; i ~ i ,tAL>.;....} J.;.>' 4.lUJI J-c ..;L:-:JI ~ I..}

> ~y.... ~

~\ .j ~yL ~)3 ' - OO ) OO :.r x '-:"'~ L.,~ ~i

' .)3..1.>-

l~l:-!JI ~I ~~ ~~

)~ ~ 3iX ~ .)b; L., J.;.>' j (x) ~

. ~ 4J 1 i ~ J ~ \ ~~ .jl,)\

'::'~l4-U'

li m f Ld "J4--l1 i~

.r -c- oc

x .,,~ L.~ [ix) "-= l4-i

~I

UA ~l:-!JI

i~j . "-= l4-i ~ L.~.,..,jA

~I~.;b ~~

x-oo

.1'-

I(x) -

--,. _

co

~ 'd:!.J .Y'.jl,)1~ I .j ~ yL o LK.l ..1.>-i

~}-J I I~ ~ 3 ~3 ' .)3 ..1.>- 03 .) ~L.aA.; 3i j(x)

...,.JL, .:r ) ~ ~~ L., ~ yo.:r '-:"' ~ j(x) 0~
0 .;J1J<:- ~ ~~ L.,

.\"_00

00

[ix )

- co

0-" x ."~ L.~ fIx )

- 00

. "-= ~ ~ L.-,..JI...

tI Y
x

"-= ~ x_lim
- oo f Ix ) "J4--l '

lim j(x)

lim j (x)

~I.fj".i LA ~ ":"~ ~t

I (x )

ul.: ~.rl

= _ x 4 + 8x 3 + 3x 2 + 6x -

~.:,~ j i , 5 Jl:-.J 1 ~

80 4J 1..ill ~l,) \ ~I ~ I

. ~.) ~ ~~1 .J r ~ \;l,)1 ~I

~L. "/~ f(x) ~~~

.; ~yL ~.,.1

'J 1..ll I "-=~ .~ I~

).L

[x] ,bi-' L.~ fIx)

~ I." L....,.~ J " J..L>

, .1'lim
(x ) =
-+ _00 ) 1

- 00

f ( x ) ~ A ..ll '

0i l.:?
. ..; U\
1_'_-\\ . .... ~
~. ~ v
'
lim j(x)

= 00

X --+ OO

~ 6 Jl:-.J I~..!U.:..sj
U> ;>U I ~ I

0i 3

~ ~L:.; 3i .)3 ..1.> ~ x ~.)b ; L., J.;.>' j(x) ~ ~\ ~i , Ixl .) b; L.,J.;.>' j(x) ~ . L..a.;;;:......~ '13 ~ 0ys
' .)3 ..1.>

-10000

- 1000

_ 1 . 10 16

- 1 . 10 12

L., .J/-!. I.v,3 . j (x) ->

- 00

- 100

100

00

L.,J.;.>' (,J.:~~3 . j(x)

10000
-1 .10 16

- 80

0~ x ->

1000

-> - 00

0 ~ , x -> - 00 L., J.;.>' ..;j .b- ~

..jl,)\ ~I .:r ..)! L:.L.o y

I
I

I
I
I
I

~
-

8 Y .-

(58

ICr) =q: + - 1
8 .l'

(5A

if JIJ...LII ~

r-:i '-:"~ ~ ~ ',)J..!>- ~ Ixl ,)\.);

L.~

- (0)

00 if 4-~ '-:" ~ JIJ...LI I ~ ..:.> \ .h.>- '1

.o.)J.,r-AJ L 4-:-11j..a; ":'> \ ":'>J,) ~ ,)!.J..<:.i

1~~~1
. XJim
f( x) = 0 ":'> \J X--lo
lim
f (x ) = 0 ..:.>\ J~\\
~\ if L~
--loOO
-OQ

if

cJ! l:...L.o.f

-10000

-1000

-100

-1.10- 4

-0.001

-0.01

L. j jA;. I ~ J .j(x ) --> O":'>k! ' x

--> 00

L.~ J f( x)

100

1000

0.01

0.001

O":'>k! ' x

-->

10000

L.~ ..;\.h.>- '1

. U\ 1-.- \1

--> - 00

'-?' -

c..r---'

~ ~ ~ ~

(68

. : ~- . 8 !1.

~
-'-t

o..u>W~ ~ ~.) ':J\ 4..::~G:Jl,y ~L:.Jl

- ,

-r--- -

t!'}1 ;;';\j,

(6A
t -

--.....

.:

r' -

'

~ ~ , ., l:j..:.!

GmM e
, ~ I -U:s' m J \;.,5J1 ,-:".k:J.l :;y; ~U G ~ , U(r) = - - r -

~I W" vP.) ~I? J"'J ~\ ~ ;;.;L...JI r J 'vP.)~I Jl:S Me J

L.~ ~ ~.)~14..::~G:JI,y ~L:.JI t!'}1 mhJ";"~ I~L. ') J~ \
~\~;;d ;;';W vP.) ~I ,y 1~ ~ ~
,)\.); L.~ U(r) ~ cj L.:J \ ~ I

w ~ ~ ~

. r--loCO
lim U (r ) ,) ~lLS\

In

Ii?

r \~
- ..

~i ~ ~ ,) .J..<:. GmNI e '-:"..r.aJ\ ~ L; . :.> k! ,~\; G , m M e if ')is . :.> \ ~J

I

~~ \~10J' 1'-+00
lim U (r )

= O":'>k! UJ ~~ Iif '-:"~

GmM e

- - r-

.r-5J1~..:.>k! r \~
,)\.); L. ~J
~

if '-:" ~ ~I 1-4J ~.) \11~~~\,y- ~ 1.:J 1 ~}I o..;\.b ":'> k! ' od

O.)y.a.: J'.)\11,y I ~ ~
.~\

p~2 o.J. <:.W L ~...J jWI0 ~.r:-

~ 1.:J\

~ ~l:. .LI1 ~I~ ~:7:J~

6S.r ,yk..aJ1 if \.;

~ l: ...LI I.1.A...a.U 0~ b L. ' ~L?~ \ ~ ~~.? I d.Y..:-11v J ,jWI;;';1.;5 (oJ) \.ri....J) P ~

, q(v) =

~ ..\.:1; ;.\1.j 0 ~~\ d.Y .r" ~ L.~ j W I 0~~

'-!::>W I ~ La ~~

;uLJ \ if '-:-' y-l.hJ 1

--

t-">~I '-! u., ,~?, Wrj

V"l;-aJ ~}:l l ~:'W I

~>W I

CY' ~

GmM ,

= - -,.

u.e ~l:J 1

~~I ~y-JI

. 25000milh.,r>.3 ~}:ll
Ih" Mechanical U niverse

'J.........r'

~..)}>:J.,L ~} ~o;;l JI) .u1 <r j-<J .jl:-:JI ~ I ~I

(5.6.J:i~1) .~~~ ~~l j / ~'.j l:-:J1

(14

(15

J .J'!) . ~ I x ~ ~ :u...a:... ,:A w 6J \ ~ J5 _

,;...;lS' b1L. ~ ..L>
tf ~.:i.>J :u...a:... .rJ- 6J l.ul ,,;.....ns I ~!J . J L...a;'1 1J 1.;:>-1J ~ ~ ~ ~!

(1.2.J:i~1) .6Jlj ;'J ..},Li ,,-? }j , '; ~'1 : J L...a;'1 l i ~

. x = -5~ , j (x) = ";x 2

rr

4 (1

. x = 8 ~ _j (x ) = VX+5 (2
. x

(17

(16

x - 36
= -x +6

(3

x
. x. = l ~ ,g (x.) =x-1

(4

=6,x =- 6

~,h (x)

. x = 4 , x = 1 ~ ,h(x) =

2 X -

. X = 6 , X = 0 ~ _ I7 ()
X =

.x

(19

- ' -8

= -6 ~ ,j(x) ={ 4x - x

( 18

4 ./r'

x - 5x

(5

xix - 6) (
3
6
x

~ - 6 (7
x> - 6

,
,

+2

+4

~j~ .j b.J- ' '' ~.J.=.i (8

~ .~G-~~.j~

~ ~W I.rS- ~ jJl ~ o) ,rJ1

~ j(w ) ~

= ~~; 4.,;JW\

,j (w)

.r-JL ~W I ~ w .J .b l} ~ o),rJ1
~~! j~.J . w

(6

J~) .?

6J 1 .u~ ~~ ~ ~ ..; R ~Ldl

j5J i \.rW ~ J ~\ ~..;5 ;

J . J. . . > ~ ' " ~

j.

(a

,J L...a;)/ 1j L>-1J ~~

(20

~ ,R(x) = .,O~5 ~2

.;;l:-:JI ~W l J ~ ~ ~ 6J1 .u1

= 0.4 ~:u...a:... 6J1.u1 .;:.....;ts' 1 ~1 L. ~..L>

~~ yL..J , (..:..>~ .J .j p 6Ji.ill JL.a:;)/ I i ~ .b LO; ~ :i>. ( b

(a

. b tJll.j ~l ..:.J...o.it u., ~ ~ 6J1.u1 j. ( c

~~~ I .j ~ bL.) \fl:-:J I~ I.j }> :J}-- ~ ( b

jsJ ~I )

. ~~~ &~Lif
W 6Jb

A...o)J 1~ ~..;JI :i.:J ~1 ~I ~ 1 ~)J I~.i>

(3 , 4 ~~;)

jsJ .jl:-:JI ~1 ""'; }> :J.,L ..l:! ~ ~ 1.r.?1 ~I

(7 J~) . ~ ~ ! J .J'! ' 00 <r x '7' ~ L.~, ";'4
j(x ) = o .~ (22
x-

c(x )

g(x)

=x

5x

x 3+2x + 1
- 9x

+f

(24

(26

q(x )

m(x)
k(x ) = 4x

= - -24
x

2:

= : .~

2
-

g (x )

j(x)

(27

x2

w 6Jb

3 , [- 2, 4] (9

= _ x 3 + 6x + 2 , [- 4, 4]

= 2x 4 -

(10

3x 3

+ x 2 - 3, [-3, 3]

l1 (x )

= x + 4 , [ _ 2, 4]

(12

W+1 - 5 , [0,5]

(13

(23

3x - 1 (25

= ; ~~

j(x ) = x 3

(21

llx
p(x)

: .~I .?JI J..;'4

(11

g(x ) =

x- 5

").;k

~~ ~ ; ~"'I JI J..uI 0'".Js t;~ ~ ,~~I ""-;o-W l

. ~.l~ ~G:-! j~J ,<)~I ~I

g(X)

= X5 -

20x 4 + 2x 3 - 5 (35

f( x)

= ~11 4..l1 ..u ~ ~~ ~dS.rJl4j l1 ~ ' '' ~ (28

,dS~.\;.;..L:, -.i jo.J r:::PJ I ~! . ~I .u.:s m , r->- )I p ~

, E(m)

( 7 J~ )

~ .l~ .lj \ll -.i m u r:-- 1 1~! 0~ I ~ W

16x
(36
x + 15x
2

.:.>L...a.....<J1~ .u-~~ I~ ~ ~ ~ J.r---o ..4;>- L~ ' J ~i (37

u\l l.:..J 9 ..l>-I)I ~I ~ .u-~I.\...JS:j c::...;15 b! . ~J

(30

: .;~ W. '-;-":"""l.; . J ~ .J 12000 .... jJUl ul~1 ~j J

~ ..l>- I) I ~ I ~ .u-LhJI .\...JS:j J.:u.... .:2 4..l 1.l 01 ( a
. 11 ~ 1

.-j

.:.>L...a.....<J I.l~ -.i 4..lb O.Jr"

, T a

. 4..lI..uI ~ ;;";~I ~ WI ~1 ( b

~ ~ 'r.-? ~ ~ 1 .:.>L...a.....<J I.l~ .l ~ .l j l r:--II ~! ( c

~ ..l>-I) I ~I ~ .u-~ I .\...JS:j J ..u..-,

. u ~4J I 4..lU l o ..i.", J ~ -.jr , :; ~~ ,,:,~ , (38

,r~ u,~ u 1.l~

- .
h( ) ax 3 + b >
1 . .\
c Ja~ ' F X = - 3 u .rr
ex

+d

. .:.>~ ':'>I .l~ d J b J ,~I ':'> ~JL:

~ u LY ~ o -y.;; .;:>-l J c
:ol;.ll

= 1 ':'> 1uP} 1

'~3~ (a

JJ~I ~IJ 4..l l> J5 -.i 4..l1..u101 ~ . a, b, d ~

I

--

-c-= l

- - _.. _

I
I

~31' J~

:_

- '
I

c ~ '.l.l.rJIJ ~.,...J I J }:> ~ 4j')Wlf().) =

.2.99 10

f 4..l1..u1 ~J

m l 5 ~)..lA..o J <y-.aJ1.u-.r"

,~j5J~I 0'"~uLY~o -y.;;';:>-1 1 ~3~ ( b

j/J . ..}~I~ IJ .;k ~~~)~I~ 1 ( b
. ~.l~ ~ G:-!

~.u-~J , a

< c ~ .u-~J ,a > c ~ .u-~

.a vJI-.i W" ";J~ .:.>;SJ ,4..lb J5 01 ~ . a = c

L..~ )hex
)=
'

3
ax

ex 3

+b
+d

4..l1..u14-,' . : 4.....j . ..:.>- I lJ....w ( c

- ~ - '-'
-
. +00 0'"J -00 0'" x '-:-' ~

o.J.r'"'-'
. - Ii <..S'""
I r ~ J IJ .l6 u-I: , , a....u
l
_ l.L.J
_. 1;""""'W
.
1
2
.l1~ 1 11, a, b ~ ' ~f(x) = x" + ax"- + bx".4.JL
. r-Y. ~
_ _

~J j I ~~ 11 0~ L..~ ..} ~ I ~I J)" ~~ .:.r:.>- ~ ~~~lj/ ~ ,~Y'

~.l) I~~ 110~ L..~ -) ~\ ~I-.i.;k ~~.:.r:.>-

(39

";";lS" I~! L.. .l..l>- ~

,t;~ ~"'I J IJ..uI 0'" -:is j. ~~ I ~W l

oJ:> Ii; .l..l>-J J L.a;\l1 r~

tf .l..l.:>...i , 4..l..a:,. ~ ..;..;is I ~!J .\I r1 4..l..a:,.

. u~ J 01 .u 1..u1 .J ~1 ~ J ,<)~I ~I.j.;k ~~ ~ ;.;

f(x) =

(a

( b

hex)

x2

3?

x - 4r

(32

= 4~2 + 11x-

3 (33
r+3x-18

. '; ~ I ~~ ~G:- ! j / ~ , ~Y'

hex)

+ x+ 6

5x

26x

+ 120

x + x -1 2
2

(34

k. l<..) ;;J1...Ll1~

...r _

~ ..It; j(x)

2x - 5
..::...;l5
x 2 - 3x + 1

\~1

( 1-1 V"').JJI ) -i~

i i ' .J ~'J' J L..a;\ i -lY ~'l I.:r.:J I ...Ll I.y

~~
~~1 J J'. . x = 0 ~ ;;J\j ?'J.}. \J i i ' 1.$)lJ

jSJ 0l5 \~1 ~

f(9) (54

f(x)

f(3b) (55

=x

+5 x

(40

f( 2a - 3) (56

L",l.:.>..;..

ull.>- ~ ' ~ l:-:ll ~W \ J ~~ ~'l \ J \J...LlI.y JS t;;l.:-! j:.o

f(x)

~~1.y ~ ~ . ~~ d- i 1~~) i 1~ Jj ;;J1...Ll1..::...;l5 01~ .:b.;J

( 1-2 V"').JJt) . L",l.:.>..;.. y~ ~ ~~} ..Ii ~ Jj ..::...;l5 01..1 .( ...~.
he x )

=~

(57

= ; ~~

(58

f(x)

={

x2 + a , x :::o:3
bx + a , - 3 < x < 3
- b- x

x:::::-3

=-

00

(44

. Y J ....,,>...<JI J Y' ~ L...:.o ;;jb f ~ )i.~f(x) =

00

(46

. ~~ j ;;Jbf ~
.. .r
..

lim f(x)

X ----t OO

~ 1-lY\' \ <.$1 .f(x) ~.J ..wl 0.r.?;;Jb ~ oL; ~t ';l:-:l l ~ I.:r-:< (59

'If( x ) ;;JIJ.lJ ~J~ ;.;~ ;.;1 if~ ~'JI

L2 ~ , ;;jlj ;'J .}. L9 J L..a;1 i -lY 4J;;Jb ~ ~ t:... .1=1 I~I

'l;;jI...Ll1ci J La;'J'1 i-lY ;;jlj))J; '-"-:?.) .dlj 1~ '-"-:?

1 A

~..I.:>UJ

2 B

(47

~ ~ l:-:lI . .~W I u~1

,t;;l.:-! ~'l l J IJ...LlI.y JS
( 1-2 V" ) .JJ 1)

: ~~ ~ ~1 .y ~ ~

3 (

.L",J

Li...:>l

f (x ) = 2x + 1 (48
x

4 D

= xx+- 13

(49

= Vx2 + 4x + 5

(50

g (x)
'l f (x)

= VX 2 -

6 - 6 ...1I...Ll1 j..P ~ ~'JI ..:...1.rAJ1<.$1

c.i

(60

h(x )

[ 6 , 7] A
[ 7, 8 ] B

[8 , 9 ] (

( 1- 1 V"').JJI )

: ~'l l JIJ...LlI.y JS JL~.n ~

f (x) =

[9 , 10] D
g (x ) =

+ 6 (51
+ 3x + 2

4X

x +3
(52
2x _ 10

x2 _

g(a) = ~ (53

J-:!-e.tt

J...hL4 ~~.J~.J rcaatt ~t

Extrema and Average Rates of Change
"3~J
~ 40-~ \
4::;.r..;-- - .. ~

':) t:::lW/

1,
_

.'J"
~
..J'

3.20

r -- , - - -

3.10

t-t-d '~f--1- ..-r--1

3 .00

f-j~ / -

,.---,

...l>-i l,o, .:> \.h...o \ ..;1\ !.Ik ....:;II ...:..L"S J ..L...o ..>-, ~I cjLJ I ~ I ~
. -'" 1431 i~ k i J)l>- ~ I J <J!.:> L:-aJ1
LS .:>4

2.90
2.80

...;:- y

i.r-- k

. ~I

2.40
2.30
2.20 I- r-- '--r--i -t -+-J

.J lj ..tJ1

,J" ~1 .rJ1 .j .b:-i J ...v....J1 0i ~I,J" ~

0-,-" ~I; ~ ,Jly-:, ...;:- ~~ .~G ...j>.y '0~"';:- ~l::i ~ 'Jy~ 1

L?.).J 0.M.i!1 L?.) L?k ~ )\}.9 ~ l::i I?\y ,0.M.i!1 L?.)"';:- LSf\

2.70
2.60
2.50

~~~ !~ ':""'J~

LS.:> 4 k .j -':'lb-, c:,1 3.15 ~.J.,..alJ J ..L...o <..5~ i 0 \ ~ w

J ..L...o 0\ J ..>j~ l -, .........,...~ L~I c:r-bJ1~,J" .b-")~y ' J-,~ I
.cj lJ l ~I.j ";'" ;SiJ> 1431 i~; J-,~ I ~1 .j ;....:J \

<J~ ~ I uly::..;J1

; ..l.>i

''' "'=~ , ~I ..tJ1 ~

;..l.>ij

. ~ I.:UA ,~b

1S~lj ~I ~1

.~

~ IJ ......... .h...y..o~ i
. ~ I ..ill

2.10

o '--'--'--'--'--'--t....J
2 4 6 8 10 12
~I )

~ .J.d......:

.;J\ Jly..J \ ~ L.a.>-,J"

~L,,:. , ~ ~ I.J ""':I;:ill

.Ji 4.) .iJ1..J1 ~ L:; yl ~\..;:; ..;11...:.. IJ..:..J I .:> ~ ~ ,.iJI..J1.........1.> .:>

,,"'= 1j:'4l1

. ~G ~

increasing

~.q; ~ I J1 . > L)1,J" ,j(x) .iJ 1..J1~ ~ 1.)1' ..>-, ~ I ul.5:...:J1~

~~ I

:01 .b--~

decreasing

(-00, - 5) 0y,d l .j 0~ 1? j(x)

~ WI

~G

(0, (0 ) oy,dl .j ~ l:.:.,.,

(- 5, 0) oy,dl.j

constant
~~ I~ I

:<J~ I i ~ I ~ L?.ill ~ I ~ ~~ ~ ~ ) ~l:.:.,., ) 0~1? ~.P ~ ,J" .iJ1..J1 ~ L.a.>- J' ~ I c.f'~

critical point
~I

maximum
IS~ I

1 ~ ! ~J I ~! Lo c~ ~

.... ll?!4.1 1..u 10y:.:;

.c.".:;..;J I ~ x ~ ':"~Ij
Lo~ !(x I )

< !(x 2) 0~

L,..lS !

,~I~I

(x ) ~ ':"~Ij

,c.".:;..;J I ~ x 2 J Xl ~
. Xl < X2 0 y:.:;

minimum
IS~I

extrema
~IJ""""'.J.....y..o

average rateof change

tk LaJ I
I ~ ! ~J I~ ! Lo c~ ~ ~b !4.1 1..u 1 0y:.:; 1~1~1

. c.".:;..;J1 ~ X ~ ':"~ Ij L,..lS !(X) ~ ~~

!(X I )

>!

(X 2) 0~ ,c.".:;..;J ' ~ X2 J Xl ~

. Xl

< X 2 0 y:.:; Lo~

~ I~ ! ~J 1~! Lo c~ ~ ~e ! 4.11..u 1 0y:.:; , ~ t ~ 1

. c.".:;..;J I ~ X ~ t.5"-:J ! (x) ~ ~

-

. ! (Xl ) = !(X 2) 0~ ,c.".:;..;J 1~ X2 JX I ~

. Xl < X 2 0 y:.:; Lo~

secanlline
www.obeikaned ucd tion .com

~u Ji ,~l:.:.. Ji ,.~\? ;J1..l..l1 ~ (,J~

-?\ ul.riJIJ!..IA.:.l ~~\.:r.J\..l..l\..:r jSJ .j~\ ~\ ~ 1

.~.) ~ ~~! jy. ~ '.J.>. ~ 0.5 '7'}i -J! ~~

'~-.- .~

YI

f( x) = -2 x 3 (a
I~~~I

~l:.:.. ;J1..l..l \ .:;~

\jJ \ X

~ u.) b j l LJ5 ~l;.:; f(x) ~ .:;i -JL,JI ~I ~

.(-00, (0) o.rAJ1 r..i
1~.)~~j.La1

;u.,u....j~"J

I '::' I ~

;;....,, \ ? 3 1~~

4:> 4

~..!.U:.J ,~......,

...."..u-..j......, ( ,

) ~y'iJ 1

~ up:.:;.,.;J1w ty.4J1
~ ~ 3 " ;; ....,, \? ;U 1 .cl 1

- 4

- 2

1024

432

128

16

o
o

- 16

- 128

- 432

-1024

g (a)

=x3 -

3x ( b

,~~~I
(- 1, 1) o.rAJ! r..i 4..,a.; l:.:.. J

,(-

. ~ ..l:! I ~ t J t.J ..tJ t

us I A...1ll.4:WJ I

00, -1 ) ;; .rAJ! r..i o ~ l ? g .:;i J L,JI~! ~

.(1, (0) .rAJ1 r..i o ~\? J

~~~ b )~~

1~.)~~j.La1

;,.:ub )~~ } ;;...."I?

..:r o? J5.) x ~ ~ ~ \j J~ ':;,P

~ ,~~la J~1

3i ;;~l.? A..n,..ll l ..:...,j lS l ~ !

;U I,~~~~X

. ~L.J I ..:.,)\.:..ll uI.rAJ1

II
II

-11

-9

-1298

-702

-1
2

II

-7

- 5

-322

-110

-----11

0.5

1.375

- 1.375

:(- 00, 1)

3i;;...." I? ~i ~ ~
~ ;;...."I? 4:>~ \~~

..s.r>.i ~ ~~3;;~
- 2

11

- 2

18

110

322

702

1298

:( - 1, 1)

:(1, (0 )

..:r x .)b; lo ~ J ub;g(x) .:; ~ , - 1 -J ! x .)b; lo~.,;i ~ L.J ! JJI ~I cP y

L,JI ~\ ..:r ~l LL:> y lo j~ Ii.", J . .)b; g (x ) .:;~ , 1..:r ~I~I x .)b; lo~ loi '~ l;.:;

OB

~ ;U1.cl~ .~.;:JI ~

~ "JlbJ~I~ ;uI.cl1

- 1

-18

-0.5

g(x) .:;~ , 1 -J! -1

.J

-3

I
I
I
I

r..i x ~ ~ ~ \jJ ~':;,P

-6

----------_.1

.o.rAJ1

-8

I
I

..} ~u )

w .:>~ ~ L:; }\ L", ...l,.1; ~ yL L", .J.:..Y ;J1...u1 .r-'U c.? 1.bW I .:>\ .b- 'J

\...! ..bW\ oj.".J.:..Y

~ ('r.rJIU'W \ .:> y~) . ~ ? u,~ ~} ;J1 ...u1 ~

Jv J..t,} ,(0.T".d- )\ )w:> ..L:-.o.:>\ <.,?\ ) ~J~ }\ 9;\

l.S~ }\ ~ ~ J ~}

.;JI..ill

15~~I~ I~~~i UjLSJ AJ I..u.J~ w~J Ij ! .~l~l

.~
t;.~i.......9
I..u t Jl>..A
o . ~ " 'T'
. "
..
L..T

. . ~AJ
..
.
u-".rw~.9 lj ! fAJ I.ill ~ ~ ~ f( a) .:,,~

.,l,AYt

~ x ~ ~ ':"~ ':"I ~ a l.$~ ( Xl ' X2 ) o~

. f(a) '2. f (X) , ( Xl' X2 ) oy:;..iJ1

x
j 4J l.ill ~ ~ ~ j( a )
j 4J I.ill 4.i1h.. ~ ~ j( b )

~ .:"LS Ij !fA.ll.ill A.4.I.hA ~ ~ fib)

.f ib)

~<.S~~

.:"y:.:;

~~ ~

2f (x ), l,j.l ~ ~X ~

~w-- .j ~~ <.S~

~ 1~0-"~i.::uLS.9A.lI.ill ~w~.9 'j ! l~t~t

W~AJ
,..u IJl:o..A
" iT 15j>
'~ I
.
..
. uA 0~
' ~15~
w~J Ij!f A.ll.ill ~ 15~ ~ f( a) .:,,~

j 4JI .ill ~ <.S~ ~ j( a )

j 4J l.ill 4.i1h.. <.S~ ~ j (b)

.,l,AYt

~ X ~ ~ .:"~ .:,, i ~ a l.$~ (Xl ' X2 ) o~

. f(a) :S:. f( x ) , (X l' X2 ) oy:;..iJ I
~ i .::u LS.9 A.l l.ill ~ 15~ ~ w ~.9l j ! 1~1~1

.i:.llb.A

15~ ;. ..,.~ ~ l,j.l~ ~

A.l l.ill

~ .:"LS Ij !fA.l I.ill4.a1b.A 15~ ~ f(b) .:"y:.:;

.f ib)

:S:.f (x ) l,j.l ~ ~X ~

~ ~ l.S~ ~ L",.J.:..Y f (x ) ;J1..ill .:>~ .;1 1 x ~ .r...lA:l<./L:-:J1u~1 uL....;....1

j f' ~ 'l.S~ 1 ~I

tf.:.r.: J ,L",.J.:..Y 4.J I...u1 ~..i.::- J \J ,o..i.>- J 0.5 '-;-'}\ J l

~J~ ~~l
I.\.:-:I~t

lim

x- -oo

)w:> L",)..l.i.} x = -0.5.J.:..Y ~ ~ ~ 4.J1..ill.:>\ .jW\ ~I ~ Y

f (x) = - 00':>\ ~.lLi5 .b- 'J . -1 L",)..l.i.) x = 1 .J.:..Y ~ LS~ ~ ;J1..ill ~ Y- L.S . ~ .;;
.;JI..ill4.itth... LS~

r-:! ~ Y- 'J ~) ' )~f(x) = oo}

1

o.d w

l..i.>-! ~;>- \

~ ~ ~ .Hj.a21

F ~ LS~ ~ L",.J.:..Y':>~ ':> \ ~yJ I x ~..}.> Jv x J~ ~;>- \

.. ' \~ O~ LS?~ I)\~

-100

-1

- 1.0 10 6

-1.00

-0.5
0. 13

o
o

0.5
-0.63

-1

1.5

100

- 0.38

9.9 10 5

cr ~.r"J \ x r-:! LS..i.>-! .J.:..Y ~ ~ ~ ;J\..ill ~ yJ 1(-0.5) > f (O) J f ( -0.5) > f( -1 ) .:>\ ~
. ~~ ~ O ~~ ~I ~I ~1.r...u;.:>~f( -0.5) ::::: 0 .13 ':>\~ } .( - 1, 0) o.rJl..j - 0.5

<.S~",i ~~
.~

Lr" ~;J \ x ~ LS.,\.;>-l ~ ~ LS~ ~ ~.JJ ,j( l) < j (O.5) ,f(l ) < j (1.5) .:>\ ~, ~ ~>J~
.'1y;.,......v..: -1 ~ ~ LS .;.;,.,aJ1~ 1.T-..\A;':>\.9 , j (l ) = 1 .:>1 ~.J (0.5, 1.5) 0?J1..j 1 ~ ...lAJ 1
.Wb

LS~ ~ ~ Y- '1 ~~ ~ j~ \ig.; ,j (100) > j( - 0.5),f( - 100) <j( l ) ':>\ ~.J

I
I

~VA~ a
( 2B

,--

---'.=- =
-- o.=
- =- =-;- _

(x) = -x' -x

3+

- I

lJ.:i oJl Cl.:.>..i.J '4--ai L.:.;.J 6J IJJI -4\;

(2A

- -- ~\.J ~\ LS~I ~I -4.l><.:l

-- '

3x'+2x

--t

!1. -

>

~~

- -----'

)~ '1 J-.OW I ,-:-,L>- d l Cl.:.>..i

. ~ ~~ l.J 'LS~I ~ I ~I .Y' -4.l><.:l ~ L::J I ~WI JL...:......\ ~ LS .6JI.ill

6J1.ill ~lb.H" ~I LS~I ~I ~ ~L::JI ~W\ ~I

.~ I o~ L>.~ .:>~ .;JI x ~ ~.b. s ,;;;;'" Lr" ~ r:- '-:-' } 1 dl~';" !(x) = - 4x 3

~ ) o- ~ ~W\ ~ ,-:-",W

1.1

~l.:!-:11 ~WI
-

I <::: )..dl,;;>- I.J

I I

+ 9x - 4

, (;~ 6JIJJI j.
.6JIJJ\ ~L=:-

\
of "

8x

y.-. LS~ ~ 6J1.ill ,JI c;L::J\ ~ I cb Y

.6Jl.ill Wb LS~ ~ ~f'.J i~.)s- J-0 c;~ 1 ~\..j .:\ )... L.,\ , (0,1) o?JI

..j o.,\.;>- I.J ~ ~ ~ .J

, ( - 2, -1 ) o?JI..j o.,\.;>- I.J

' l tlftjileli"ii1,,1 j i r~ nMb i" iii ,,' ~ ,;;>-I.J ~;gmmI1HemmJ - 8 &\..4.)1.b..P\

~ ~ \ ~I ~I ) ..\A;.J ' x = -1.76 ~ ':>~.J - 22.81 ~ )..\A; ~I LS....~ \ ~ \.:.> i ~
. X = 0. 43 ~ ':'> .r<;J' - 1.93
1 1

11

\, )

-/ 11 'II

0'

(- 1 7 '.. , -22 S )

IlL,) "

- ~ . - . J . _

t~x t

~VA~ a
g(x )

= 2x

4x

+ 5 OB

hex)

=7-

5x -

6x 2~

~
~I~~I~

.:r- ....s\.:i <.S

lI J ~I

, ..,.... ~ I ~.J ..w I .J~ 1

~.,.1J.:r-~
.~\SjJl...u 1

if' ~ I ~ ~ 'L.JL,..b~)1 <i L5y.aiJ1r<J 1J>' ~ l.:>J 1 L.J~I..l..>1 Y. ~ ':11 j>J1 i f ~I 0!

.~ ':11 I ~ ~ wWI .kJ.rJ1 ~ 4# t:!' y J\.J~ ~ l.:>J 1 ifL-J1

.s~I~tu~

~ IJj
~ ..:.r.-:~ ':' l.:-..:J I.) .~ JS c:.~ ! ~ .~~.~ JS :U>I.;.J ~ "; I ~ I~~ .~ 75
~~ c:.~ !r.S' 1 ~ J~ l pl.;.J ~ ~W> ! o~

ulA>Jl

<i JU;.r.3 1 .;~I.)~ 0~ Lo~ ..l..>1}1r"rJl.) .~ JS .:r JU;..r. 4..:>- 400 ~ ~

.l pl.;j ~ ~ I o~~1 JlA; .r.31 .; ~1 .)~ x

. ...... ,y l. ~I;:: l:.:o!

J ~~ I ':""

(400 - 2x)

j...; ~ , 0~ J>JI (.~~ I <...A..aJ f(x) -.JI..LII ...,..:51

~ )~:..I,~

.".wI ;::l:.:o :il

.J ~ I

.;,~

(75

+ x)

<T' .I ~
_ ..u-J I

f(x )

.:. L.. I~ ..u I <.>4-':'~

."

.,... ~ t...., J ~~ I ~ ",~.J i

. ~ I '-'"' I.>-" i u-- ~ ~,.JI

"

.f (x) -.J I..ill ~ I \ ) 0t.....JJ ~ (.q r.51 .)~ ! ,-:-,)..k.-J\

87.9()(> ,

J.

& ~ I .6-,.b1- , ~ ~ I ~ WI J~ L ~ ~ -.JI..LII

Ii]
~ I x ~ .) ~~
[l}.IJ1Tti''d'. ftjI r;~~wmuiil!la

.~

( 625 . } 73E+-l.)

- / 2270 5

wlA.~ -.J 1..ill 0~

~ 0~J 37812.5 ..? -.J1..ill ~ ~ .)f:".J ~I ~

63 J 162 :U>1.;j ~ ~ Lo ".;:51 0L:....:J1 (.L:;! 0 ~ Ii] ~ x ::::: 62.5
. ~~ J lA;..r. ~3 78 1 2 (.L:;)' I ) ...\..i. 0~J ,.~~ o~

-----'"

.~ t

J..w .b..u,joM

~<$ i0=:'~'J.uA..h....,j:..A I~t~l

~ 1J.:-4.> f~ I...I.JI~~
. ~ I ~ u.~.) WI

~ ~.)W I~I ~

J.:.-J ~~-'

, W:. ~ ~ I...I.J '~

. m sec ~yl 4 tk W I

~ I...I.J I~

J.uA..h....,j:..A

.> [Xl' X 2 ] ;;~I ~ f(X)

m sec =

! (X 2) .:.... ! (X l )
X

Xl

0~ -.JI..LI\ 0~ ,QL.. 0\5 b! LoIJ '0.o'..:.Q.I1 J>' o~l..? 0~ -.J1..LI10~ '~yA op J>' ~I J J......o .b.....P 0\51 ~ !
.orJIJ>' 4....a.ib

:~\'I <.d.rAJ I if js- J

(1.4.1)

~I J ~I !(x) = _ x 3 + 3x 4.l1..LlJ .;:-81 J ...I.AA .h...... P ~ Ji

[-2, -1] ( a

. [- 2, - 1] o.rAJ1J j:\JI..LlJ .;:-81J...I.AA .h......? ,-;-,L>- o ~L; ~ I

I (x ~)

xl.jIM -2 . x ! .JIM-I~~

- l (x 1 )

-'"2 - x l

I( - 1) - 1(- 2)
=

- 1 - 1- 2

[_ (_ 1)3 + 3(- 1)] - [- (- 2)3 + 3( - 2)]

- 1 - (- 2)

fl- 2) f l- 1) ~~

- 2- 2

=-4

-1 - (-2)

. - 4 r [- 2, -1] o.rAJ1J j:\J I..LlJ.;:-81J...I.AA.h...... p 0i L?i

1 .4.1~1

[0 ,1] (b
l (x 2 )

x l .j ~ () x! .J IM 1 ..~~

1( -'" 1)

-'"2 -

1( 1) - /( 0)

1- 0

Xl

_ 2 -0 _

..b.=--;;'lI.~,fIOl f(1) ~~

1 - 0

.2 r [a, 1] o.rAJ1J f;;Jl..LlJ .;:-8\ J ...I.AA .h......? 0i L?i

~v.-~ ~
f (x) =

x4 -

6x 2

+ 4x , [- 5, -3] (58

if)1t ~ ,d ( t ) = 16t 2 4.l IJJ~ ~

f (x ) =

c!'.r 0K.. if laiL. r

x3 -

2x

3x + 2, [2, 3] (5A

S?' ;ijL-.!1 -:..;\S I~l I" I.:!~

;;.h...~' ~ .;-31~}u ,.. I~I ""J\A.. ~i '~l 'il..u~~ ~~I ;ijL-.!1d (r) ,~I J,;A-- ~ '; 1.f.l~
.~\' 1<.d .rAJ Iif JS' J
~L: 2 -..110 if ( a
d(t 2) - d(t 1)

12 - 1)
..t..,.....,;Jl;J .dIO) ,dI2) ..~~

d( 2) - d(O)

=---'---'_

--:"":'"

2- 0

64 - 0

~ ! lJ,;.;.i ~ ~L..J I ~~~ I.j !

=32

.~..I.>o.l\-...,~\~~l:okJ-'"
~ ..I.>o.ll k..,...J\ ~! ~r ~j

~L:J)J .1.h....~ I ~I ~ ..r"0i01..l..J . 32 f t /sL?J ~o ~ lo.rAJIJ;;JI..Llly.:-N .h...... P

.c..u:... .j~ L.~

. 32 ft / s r J, yA-Jlif

';1; 4 -..112 if
I I .JIM 2 . t! .JIM 4 ~ ~

~l;J . ,1(2).d(4)~~

J .1.h. . ~ I ~I ~ ..r" 0i 0

d(t 2) - d(t I)

12 - 1.

.U.liA

(b

d(4) - d(2 )

= --'---'4,---""'
:-:'"
-2
= 256 :; 64 = 96 f t /sec

I..l.. J, 96ft /s L?J~ o~1 o.rAJ1 ;;J1..Ll\ y.:-N J...I.AA.h......?

. 96 ft/ s r~L:J 1 ~ ~ \

~l.>A~ ~
r

~../' ) '1 \ e:6-' .y- ~~ ) 015 b k! '../'}oJ l e:6-' .y- 4 ft t~).:..r c..#i .)l~ J~
~i b[. ~

I" I.:!~

s?\oL-.!1 d(t) J .ujj ~ -j1.f.l4 if )\ t ~ ,d(t) = -16t 2 + 20t + 4 ;;J1..Ll4

. ~ ~ 1 .)10.5.:..r o.rAJ1 J ~ ;;.h...~I ~ .;-31~}; , . I~ I "" J lA..,

(120 - 150 mifh )

(6

(11

.
f

"-.

-r-'

'

. (10

!,O - ~_ '-"

~;";,,s:.; -;JI u l.rAJ1..r...l.A:J,;4 L.,..:Jb Js::.l.;l.:-:ll ~I uk..:...1

/ r ~ .;;~ J 0.5 ~}1 J l ~~ ~l; Jl , ~ l:.:,., Jl ,O-lol.? :Jl..ul
(1 J~ ) :~':> ..\.$o ~~l
(1

(2

__4_

-~ -

4 -

) .?: _ .~

- -

--t . .

.' -+ . .- .

. I _ C-'-"L

._

(4

. -~'1 r-~I ~ J 1 ~L...J'

.
.s.:r--_ _. A......!.>JI
.
Jl :i...or-- 4.A.l.h...J1J ~I
..i..l. lAxs. ;";,,s:.; -;JI x ~ .:>...;. J '.;4 ~ :Jb Js::.l ~ ,f ..? ~ } 1

g(x ) = -2x
f(x)

=x4 -

g(x )

f(x)

= O.008xS -

O.025xS -

O.05x4
4

Oo1x

2x 2

O.2x 3

0.57x 3

= x6 -

+ 5x

4x

+ 1.2x 2 -

+ 1.2x

(15

bL....A +

....,............j,>

~~I

bL....oJI

+X

-8

-1_.
(5

(17

O.7x (18

4.......L.A..2> (20

~ ) 1.) U"".J\l1 ~cY'j(tPL o.?t.Ll.;) ~ 1~;;.>5 (7

,f)1 t ~ ,J et ) = - 64 .4t 2 + 48 .3t + 5 :J1..u~ orJ l
(2 Jli..o) .('I...li\l~ t.Ll.;.J'ilj(t) s JI.fl~

J 4s-Ll.;))

y;5i ~ 0j) ~.J)~I

,-:-,}i J !,-:-,}) ~ L.
(4J\;...a)

(6

"J';-

20.5n I$.jW

1 (16

~I yh.. \l1 .;hi ~ J):>

;;~Lill

-4 . _ -

. --1 .....

3.5x - 2 (19

,f )\5 ..l.':- si
~I

- 5 (14

= _ x S + 3x 2 + X -

f(x)

f(x)

+ 7x

... \

: ~I

(3 J\;...a )

. ::!. 0

c 8

. ~~ ;JI..u1

' ( ;;~ ,f

j;

(a

. o~l ..J l ~ t.Ll.;) ~\I ~';'; ~ ..l.':--, i (b

. ;; ~I ;;.rAJl J ';4 ~ :Jb Js::.l ~I J...u.... .k...p ..l.':- Jl
(5 J\;...a )

g(x) = 3x 2

= 3x 4 -

2x 2

8x

+ 2,

[4, 8] (21

+ 6x - 1, [5, 9]

(22

+ 4 x - 6 , [-1, 5]
hex ) = _ xs - 5x 2 + 6x - 9 , [3, 6]

(23

f(x)
j(x)

=-

2x 4 -

5x 3

(24

f(x ) = x ~ 3 , [5, 12] (25

f(x)

= VX+8 , [-4,4]

(26

. ~':> ..\.$o ~~ l Xr ~

J l :'~ .s~ ~ lAxs. ~'Jl J 'J..ul ,f ~ ;,,;~ -;JI x ~ .J..l.;

~ '.s ~1 ~I t.y ~J , lAxs. 4..l1..u1 ~..l.':- Ji J ' o~ J 0.5 ~}1

( 2 J ~) ~':>..\.$o~~ l jr
(9

---

- - - -- - - -

~0y.?Jlif~JJ.J:....,:>~~L.~.r.. ' ~j ~ (31

...b:-).i ,~ I ~/ J J.A:..AJI o..l.YlJ -.:..;l5 b1 . ~ L:. .ti 3024

. ~~1

c:.5.) .~ LA jji ~ ~L... ~.) I d ,"-,I

./

.j ~ jSJ ~hJ \ 0) .rJI o~ J ~ .6....,.. yo 015 b1 ~ (27

r-iJ

j..; X ~ ,

: ~ I..11 ~ ~ LA ~ J oJy...JI ~..LJI

j (x ) = -0.5455x 2 + -7.09x +2 1.45

.)~\ J...w .6....,..YO...b:-Ji.i ..r.. ~ ~ j..; x = 1 )1W , ~I

./

(6 J l:.A) ~~1)f.) : ~'1 1 u-.;;.;..oJ1i f

h

.;' -"

.)1Je) i f

(a

.r.p l .)1.r.lY- if

(b

y- LA

/ w

JS

: .j~ W ~ I.> JS .j ! (x ) ~ I..JI t;; ~ ul:..

. o ~\ ?) 4.L.a.:,.

lex)

(32

. ~ L:.;,.. J 4.L.a.:,. ! ( x) (33

90

.x ~ ~ j(x) > O, o~\? J 4.L.a.:,. j(x) (34

80
70

.x ~ ~ j(x) > O,~L:.;,.. J 4.L.a.:,. j(x) (35

~ ~ ~L:.;,.. ) . x

< -2 ~ ~ o~\?J

,4.L.a.:,. j (x ) (36

. x > -2
~ ~ 0~1? )

,x < 0 ~

~ ~L:.;,.. ) , 4.L.a.:,. j (x ) (37

1,

,--,---,----.--r--.-~...,.__,

60

.~

50
':;: 40

1.

30
20
10 l- l / -+-+---<
O ~---l. ~"""':"" ~-:'-....l...-~

.x> 0

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
(.=.) 0-"j.l 1

lS ~ ~ .j~ W ~ \~ ~ L.>.~ 0~ .;-\1 ~I ~1 ..\>-1~ .:L,...

: ~Y ~J ,o...b:- J01~

o l.;..oJ l if

js.) ~I J ...w .h....yo ...b:-) I

(a

.[5, 15], [15,20], [25,45]

j(x ) = 2(x - 3)2

+5

j(x)

= -O.5(x + 5) 2

j (x )

= -41x -

(38

1 (39

.0 ) 1o l.r"J1o..l",,) ~ I oLY.r" ~ 0 J lJ ( b
01,-:".".....,W \ ol5.r- lS..\>-j.) ~ J;.;.J ~

~.,J~ (29

22/ + 65 (40

~ ) ?J),I L?lrJI if ~...b:- ~ ~ if 45rJI ~ ("S..iJ1 e::)1

~~x~ , P(x) = _ x 3 + 5x 2 + 8x~I..ll ~~

j (x ) = (36 x 2)O.s (41

.0 :S x :S 6 , o')l~)\ o~ 0..\>-\)1 ~rJl

j(x ) = x 3

+X

lS..\>-1.) 4---W.)\ ~<J\ ~L-.J\ ~ .JJI ~ i lJ ~ (43

J ...w .6....,.. yo -.j )L> \ c:P Y ~L;.-- 1 .w.1.l:c 4J.:...) o )\>.) I
~ u-.;;?.) ~ ~ 0 y <", bW) ,~I

.l:c ~\ ..lll j..

(42

(a

'e::J r.51~ i.?..iJ\) 0..\>- \) \ ~ru ..T'-" J-.a.il ...b:-) (b

.J-.a.i\i \~~ 4-"7....L:..l:- 0..\>-1)1 ~rJ\ e::J...b:- ) 1

(c

iLY.L. ~ ( J~)~) i.?,y...J1 J>-..ll101...?}1 .V>.1 (30

: ~ I ..ll ~ ~ ~ 1430 i LY c...?- ) ~ 1 42 0
l ex ) = -1.465x s + 35.51:<4 - 277.99x 3 +
. 741. 06x 2

+ 847.8x + 25362, 0 :s x:s 10

. wl r-i Jx ~

.l:c ~ I ..ll i j..

(a

i LY .)j 1423 iLY if J>-..ll l ~ J ...w .h.... yo ...b:-) \ ( b

~o.r"J lo..l",.j ~ I J...w.6....,.. yo ~ ~bLA ) . ~ 1 43 0
2

..::, ld...J 4 0-"j.l 1

10

,r,Si ~\ J...w L

yo 4.; 0~.)\ L J ~\ o \ j-J \ .) ~ (c

. ~ LA jji 4.; 0~.)1 L J\.1 \ o \,y...JI) , ~ LA
JI." ..u1 ~

1 J.-A}I

44

: ~4 k. ~b JS" J~ ~."i

(1-1 V"J-LlI )

f(x)
g(x)

=~
2
x

= Yx2 -

hex ) =

(57

.~~ I.:r.J I.;-J 1 ~ js J

I( x)

~ l..lJl t.:: -?

&b.~ ~t......
~ (44

9 (58

(-00,4) J&- o~ l?

x+2

Vx 2 -

[4, 8] J&- ~ ~

(59

(8,00) J&- ~ L:.:..

f(5)
( 1-3 V")-LlI )

: ~4 k. ~b jSJ ';l::J1u~1 J.;b!.l.,.L.--....i...o

= - 2..u J y.;~ J L.a;\ iJ.$. ~ 4.1

= 7x -

hex ) = (x - 3) 2

+ 52
2x

(45

(-00, -2)J&-o~ l ?

f(x) =x lO -x 9 + 5 x 8 (60
g(x)

=3

(- 2,00) J&- ~ L:.:..

f (- 6) = - 6
(61

o~l? J

= c ..u ~ t.S;.....o ~ 4.1 ~ dJ \ ~ f

I~~ (46

. c '-T' ~;:A.:J x ~b ; L...u dJ l..Ll I!.l.,.L.- ~ . x > c L...u

. ~G:-! e..bJ

1 (62
, g(b)

=-

4 -,g( a)

= 8 ':'> \SJ ' ~ dJ b g ":"';\SI ~!

. ~ G:-! .J.r.-,.a < c < b ~ g(c)

''-7. f(x)

,.J-:i (47

LL,J ~t.;

= sin x ;;JLlJl ~ ~LJ\ ~W I ~\ .J-:i (48

.dJ l..ill ~l t.S~1 ~ I -....A....:> ~

I~ ! (b,j(b)), (a,j(a)) ~~ .JW1& WI J=." X:-."I . ~~ (49

.~G:-! e..bJ .(n, b) orJl ci ~l'; f(x) ":"';\5

~L:.:.. ) o~ l? ":"'; \S I~ ! dJl ..Ll1 ~ J..w

.h...,..r- -....A....:>

~ I (50

. ~ O? J ~ l'; )

q2 + q

"- n

q+ n A

n~

q+ n

1.4.:.o.A .~I
:J L.a;') I rJ.$.

q -n

X ~

JI ~ ..u ~ ~~ k. ~ I~ JS" ..:...;15 bj L. ~J.>-

tj ~

, ~ ~ ~I..lII":"';\S b lJ . J l.,a.;,) I .J ~ 1 ~

(1-3 V")...ul )

. 6J\ )~ j.>.~

Vx 2 -

f(x) =
~J ' ~ ~ ~ y = x

' -?:#

' J'+~

2 ,x = - 3 (51

+ 2x - 4x - 6 dJ l..ill X:-y- (64

. ~ \ 0.1> L...u ':'> y<:; .;J\ x ~ X:-Ji . ~ t.S/---P
x",, - 0.7 ..u ~ ~
X""

2..u ~

hex ) =

x+

= VX+l , x = 3

25

5 ;x

(52

= - 5 ,x =5

(53

= ~ =~

(55

t.S/---P

X"" - 0 . 7 ..u~~
X""

f(x)

x2 -

-2..u ~ t.S/---P

x ",, - 2..u ~ ~ C
X""

0.7 ..u ~

t.S/---P
f(x)

x",, 2 ..u ~ ~
X""

0.7..u ~

t.S/---P

g(x)

= x x+ 3

(56

~~ 1 Jf. j . x

= 5 ..I;s- ~ ~)i l ~ 1..ll 1.y "IS ..::.,,; IS l ~l lA .:> ..I.:>

(l-ll.>")-lJt)

( H V"J-lJ 1)

x J ;;]b ~ y ..::.,,;1S l ~ l lA .:> ..I.:>-

.J LA)l 1Jl.:=>1J~~

j(x) = V x 2

(2

36 (13

- I

- 1

(14

~~1 j/- ~ . ~)i l ~~I ~I .y ~IS ,.):> ~.,.L- ~

11

15

j(x)

2
= _x+
x_
5

. ~.:> ~

(l-l "V"J-lJi)

(16

. (15

-r

'.;4L.,...;;j~ "IS J
3x

+ 7y =

21 (1

(3

(4

.. . . .

-8

-~

,)

~\ JI..ill J LA'J I ~ .\.hA.;

tj lA

(l -l...,..)-lJ1)

~x

l ~ ..a:;.. ;",.. J ~ I (17

. j( 2 ) ~yt.; ,j(x)

(H l.>")-lJI )

= 3 ..1;s- oL.:>i ~ \

x' - 9
-.
, x t- 3
x - 3
{
3 ' x= 3

8x

8x

-8

Hx

={

x2

<2

',x 2

..::.,,; lSbl (5

.y ~.r"..I;s- '-""J\' \ ~ <f i~ o~ tLi:;) ~ 1 ~ ..u :i jS' (6

~ ,h (t ) = - 8 t 2 + SOt + 5 J\ ...u~ .r: <..7' ) .> ~
(H..,..;-lJI ) ' J l yJ L .y ) \ t Y i l .,lj 'J ~ o .}J \ tLi:; ) h

f(x ) =

.J I; 3 ~ o.}JI tLi:;) ~ yi ( a
. ~ ~l J f. ~J I...u 1 o ~ J ~ lA ( b
L.,...

l?)j C
J lj !U if\.; D

J5 J l,..I..Loj 4J ~ .:> ~~ . L.:>i h JI..ill.j~ 1 ~ \ ~ I

(1-2 <J";-lJI) ';4

J I..llI 4-:.i 0~ ~1-::..> 1.rAJ 1 flili oL.:>i;;]\.:> jSJ <J ~ I ~ I ~ I

. ~.:>~ ~ ~L) ~j ...1.:>- j

O.5 ",":", ; iJ l 4.: .;.. ~ G j i;;...a.;l:,;:..,

y ..-0
!h(x)! ..-o

jio ~ I?

(1-4 l.>")-lJI)

. -

- .

" -

- ..-0 ..-0 - '

(18

(19

(1-2 ..,..)-lJ1)

j(x)
~.r .jK..y b L.. ~ ~ ~ \ dj~ \ ..::.,,;IS b1 I ~ ~~ (20

dj~ 1 d(t) \j l yJ ~ .y) \ t ~

(8

, d(t)

,y

: ~)i l ~I..ll l .y ~ )

=5 -

(J.4 V")-lJ I)

. [0, 3] ;;.rAJ1

ci

(10

j(x)

= x3 -

16x (9

J ~lj ' x J ~I J,.t>" ~)i l ~.:> UI .y ~IS J ~ r,=>-I

(1-2V"J-lJI)

= 16 t 2 &.u ~ Juu

~ .r-l\ .h..,., yo ~ y L; ~I *\ ~ y lA.,. ~i l ~ l 'ii..l.;"Y L ~ yh.W\

Vi

..i",,'J lj Y &-W1..c:-j l

Xl)

=4

{12

x2

. ~~ I ;.hA; s

+ y2 = 9

(11

4.!w~t u~~t-9 (~~t)

"",_oyt Jt-9-ut

Parent Functions and Transformations

~J 1:~LbadJ
. ~ ~ W5:; ~

~ 6..",U10-".o.....w x

(.Jl.:--- J y-

~ I 0-" I~ ~

-r-t

r.....

. ~ -4l 1 0 ~.r.:J 1

Jy

!.l~ JI J .:> ~~ d' j \j.JJ\ ~\>. (i"~l) ~.>1t Jl.J..I.t1

l-l---t-I-j

""

..

"... J

..

..

4.J\ .:> ~\ ~\ Jy( i )l I) ~)I 4.J I ..l.l 1 0jUJ . ;S I J \ ~ ~ ~

. ~..,

JL.:....I

cL:.;! W5:; JJ ~I ~ I <J .:J L;.; L:-:JI .:J~ I ~...J

JI J .:> "A .:>~)I ~ ~...l..:.Jt> 0 ~~ .I..rd ~ ~l ,.iliW \ <J

I I I Ixl

JI..,.ill

!J4';~IW

Jl:-, .:J~I .:Jli". . ( ~ \I I .bJ1) oJL.:.... '11 ~J (L; Jj'll .bJ1) oJL.:....'11

L--_

;s.r-

~~ I':'~ I ":""' J'

J I..,..\JI~ r~ i
, ~ i.., ,(':tl) ~~I

.~~~I..,
':'~y-::JI~r~i
, ~~1

JI..,.ill ~~I
.~~~i..,

..iliW I

0 1?

J \J':>J

~I J IJ..l.J\ 4:-0 J . ~~ ;S\ll (i"'~ I) ~) I J IJ..l.J10-" t!yi ~~ i f J..l.J I Ii". <J i f J..L:....
.':>J..wl

( ('": i l) ~~I "-JI..LJI

parent function
<L.,>L:J I "-JI..LJ I
..bL;;.;j'~f(x) =X;;...1:!~I4JI..I.!I"""":;

c ~ f (x )

.(a , a) ~~I~ !~1

c ;;J~I ~ ~l:;J I4Jl..1.! 1 ~

constant function

.~i ~ ~., ~ .> .u:

;;"",,~I4J I..LJ1

identity function
~y:;J 1

4J 1..LJ 1

quadratic function
~I"-JI..LJ I

'0

cubic function

~y:;JIJ~ I4J1.>

~t." illLo:L.of(x)

= x

~14JI..I.!1

~ f(x) =x 2~~ I4JI..I.!I~~~

square root function

. ~~ I ~

.U~~I

,-:,~I"-JI.>

reciprocal function
~l~l4Jl,

absolute value function

~
_.J

..LJ14J1..LJ1

step function
~'>...I.<:.~'I"-JI.>

greatest integer function

<,>'""'~I

'";J~IJ ~~I J~I ~I.:l I~ JS:J (~~I) ~.;JI ~t.JJ1

0.,s::i., ' f (x )

~;;J~I ~ ..,,~ I4Jb ~

. ~~ I ~ ~t." illLo:L.o

J:!y-::J I

transformation

;;J~ I~~~ I.J~ I4Jb~

f(x )

= vx

( .." I.>.....:>:il) L-1j?, 1

translation
(.)"l5:..U :il

reflection

dilation
www.obeikaneducalion.com

(r~l) ~.>1' ~I ~t 4J1~

[~~I

.! (x ) = I X I j.Ayl 4 ( ~ I ~I ~.lI ..u j.A~ 1 ~ 1 ~ 1

: ~'.il ~ I ~ ...9~J ( V ...9.......,..J 1Js:.4. L2>l..l..>.:..A .:.G- ~J

! (x ) ={

- X

x <
X:::::

1- 5/ = 5, 101 = 0, 141 = 4

14.li4i

.r;5i 4..l b oJl \.i.A ~ o J ~ 1 a:,,\]I,J"J 'CJJJI c;LJI ~ ~ U:.r=JI o ~...L..::.A 4..lb ~ ~ .;..uI4..lI..u1L. i
. ~ ~ ..J.Y

~~~~i4Jl~
.! (x ) = [ xTI j.A yl 4 ~ " ~ ..r:S i 4J I ..u j.AJ'::' l~l~l

..

I~l= [ ~

- - .....0

.....0

- ......0
.....0

0'

. x ~J~ Ji u-..o ~i ~ " ~ ..r:Si ~4 ...9y-a.JJ

[-4TI

=-

4, [-1.5TI

= -2 , H] =

14.li4i

- .....0
.....0
---0

u. .(i\],) ~)1 J ljJJI if 4..lb J5 ~L.a..> ~ J

~ ~~ ,~UI <...T' _u JJ\ .j ~ L. J~ ~

. ~j ~ 4bLJ\,J"

x &-WIJ ,-,...wIJ J~ 1

:(1.5.1 ~I.)

...,.,a.;UIJ

lex)

-vx

10?\ J\J~ w ~ ...jJ.N ~ .:l ..J.Y~

(i\]1) ~ )1 4..l IJJI ~ ~L..a>- ~

I
I

-,:1.rJ1 wi? J .jLJI ~I.)? .:l.,LJ JL.a.j'~\J YWI J y &-WIJ

:</' (1.5. 1 ~ I) ~.rJ \ .;-WI 4..l b ~ ~ L.a..>

.[0, 00) L",I..lo J ,[0 , 00) 4..lIJJI
.(0,0)
. ~~)

'1J

J.:.y

J~

..c-IJ ~ ~ .

~ J j -.:.........) 4..l IJJ I .j~ IlJ lJ~ L...:.. .d- ~ I

. J ~I ~ ~

..r-c-oo
lim f( x ) = 00 .j ~ J

J.:.y

=0

I
I

uLa.: ~ \ .

J.:.y

~I \.-w.

.(0, 00) 0J.:.-JI.j -,:I?

~\ .

~
f(x ) = x

OB

f(x ) = [x] (tA

;;U w~~\ ~'(i\]I) ~)\4..l\ JJ\ ~ ~ .) ~~lu~y..:JI ;y 1~~I'::'~~1

~J ~\ uts::...:.~?',/1~j ."-:-l.) w 'Jv. ~ ~J ~ .} o.lL.J ~ '1j .bi; ~ \

l!y

. "-:-l.) .d- u )\e ~

Y.. .

1.5 .1 .;s:..t!1

J U ;;J1..l!1 ~ ~ <.,?'ijl ,-;-,I.>........;'JL; .;;JI..l!1~ y.:; c? 1~L,.;J I0 )\:~ I.1.>-i ( ,-:",l>.....;' JI) :i>l j )' 1

.) _ ) 1J

1) ~ I J1 ;;JI..l!1 ~ ~\'1

~'it";J~~1
: b ~ ! (X) ~yl> geX) =

,-;-,1.>........;'1\

~ ~ 'J.o..J J 1y l J>-i

,=""" iyl";J~~1

[ix - 11) ~

. 11 > 0 Lo~ ~I~ ! ..::d..u. Jol l ~"

. h 0 Lo~ ;L...,;JI~! ul..u.,J1 u--11I1

: b lj.A ! eX) ~ yl> g eX) =!(X)

.k

.k

+ k~

> 0 Lo ~ ~ i ~ I ~ ..u. ~ k

< 0 Lo ~ J..>.-i~ ! "::' 1..u.~1 ~ Ikl

~
y

2JLi.A
: ~ ~':11 Jlj..l!I.j";;Jb uLS' ~ lex) = Ixl (i \,1) ~)I ;;J1..l!1 ~ uL......:.....1
g (x) =

uI.1.>- y 4 G-Ij-> f (x )

Ixl + 4 (a

= Ixl ~ Y" g (x ) ~ 0~ .t.}>- y ,g(x) = f(x) + 4 o)y-aJ1 J>- ;;JI..l!1 oi,.,

.1.5.2 ~I

ci W" J>-1J1

g(x)

~ Y" g (x ) ~ 0~ .t.}>- y ,g(x)

= f [x -

(-3) ]) g(x ) = f (x

. 1.5.3 ~I

= Ix + 31

(b

. I~! ~

+ 3) o)y-aJ1J>- ;;J1 ..l!1 oi,.,

J w:;...u '-ll,

ci W" ) L..JI J1 uI.1.>-y 3 ~Ij-> f( x) = Ixl

' T I- ns pire .-';'l:-:JI ~ I.>JI

V i i) ~~I '-ll..ul ~ ~

,f l ex )

Ix - 21- 1 (c
1 0)y-aJ1J>- ;;J1..l!1o.i.o,
g(x) =

G-Ij-> f (x) =

' ,,:, ~ "i l

~ ,",, ~I

k.:lJ '~,,":-,~ I' I~~ .

Ixl ;;J1..l!1 ~ Y" g(x ) ~ 01,-?\ ,g(x ) = f(x - 2) .1.5.4 ~\ ci W" J'-.-1J1 o.1.>-ly 0.1.>- yy ~I J1 c.:.r.;.1.>- y

..,J..; J.u..;o l J.4-..~ j \..,J..;"-:i .;-"'"j

, ~~ I

fl(x) k

;;..I....>3h,)JI~~~1' 1~~

..,J..; J.u..;o I~l.....J lji~

, ~~ l

fl(x ) h
~ i"""J-' ~ l.>J lr~

I
1.5.4~1

1 .5.3~1

1 .5.2~1

: ~ ~':1 I J lj ..l! I .j" ;;Jb uLS' ~!(x) = x (i \, 1) ~) I ;;J I ..l! I~~ 1 ~~~ ~
3

lI(x)

= (x + 2)3 + 4

(2C

h(x) = 8

+ x3

(28

h(x) = x 3

- 5 (2A

'-l ,..u ~ (r"-:i l ) ~~ I~ ,..u l

.~

<"':'L:.JI..,J..; 4 1j.<J'

y ~t J..?
..... lS.a:ol ~ g ( x )

.y

J~'

X ~I

",",~'"J I

= / (- x ) AJI ..u1 ~

J y- /(x)

J..?

",",~'"J I

= -/(x) AJl ..ul~

~ ..... lS.a:ol~ g ( x )

. x J~I J.Y'" /(X)

AJ1..u1~

AJI..ul

~ g(x) = - ~ + 2 4..l1..0\ ~ JL..; ,4..lU,J cF'"'-4!1 ,..k,.,...:J1 ( f ~UI 4..l.)WI ~ l::5...L:..>- 0.).:.?
.g(x ) = - (~ + 2) 4..l1..u1 ~ ( f
. y~ " - =-

--=-

~,.:..,..:..J

..... ~ I ,.:I. ~ I _.J I'..u- , ..,.L>.....:. l

..,.L>.....:.I \.:. .x J~I_I".,..f(xl

~ 1",.J ~ s ..u-dh1

yX Ll1..u 1

. ,.

. ~.Jo. "1 1.....,J !':"":;..u-.l

~~,

yX :Ul ..ul ~ .."L>.....:. '

J ~I J ~ ...- ~ I ~ . ~ ~ I~.J ! .:...,,:; ..u- .H

u'/,)u... ~L:iS

3JU-.

= x 2 4..l1..u1 ~ ~ ~')WI.J....p

, ..;~ L.... JS -i g ( x) ~.J (1.5.5 ~1-i ) /(x)

: g ( x ) 4..l .) L....a ~I ~

I .

r 10

r' . "

- - ~

f (x) = x 2 ~ ....,...L<""; \ r g ;;jl..ul ~

,-?i ,..}-Yi .)1 ~..l..:- J '--:""~ \ ~ x ) ~I J .r":
. g(x) = _ x 2 + 2,ji

.,=

= !L~

(b

-_~.

(a

I r "

f (x) = x 2 ~ '-:""~ \ r g 4..l1..u 1~

Jy- ....,... ~ I . g(x)

~\.) 1 wI..l..:- J 5 )~
- (x 5)2,j i ,-?i , x )~ I

1.. 5.. 5~1

~X !

- r
y=gc,:)
r
!~
'

..
-

. I

~---

-----)
J'-,...JI J:;-1->.3 1 ~I

50

~~I ~..Lo.:al~ (,,7""'i~1 ~...w:at

""",,iyt ~ ...w:a l
4J1..ul ~ W~

. IT

-4.J-A \ ~ ;;.!;; ... I ~ ~ a wlS I~ !

: ~ g(x) = f iax)

> 1 w:. lS I~ ! .fCr:)

4J1..u1~

-4 .J-A I ~;;.!h
:~

~ ~I~

O<tl<] w:. lS l~ ! , f(x) ~ ~ it-~ .

w~

. Il

>1

0< (/ -ct

w:. lS 1~! , f Cr:) ~

w:.lS I ~ !

I ~ ~ a w lS I~ !

g (x)

= a fLr:)

....... iJ t-J3

' f (x ) ~ ~..:I) ~

~~ ~~, ~~~lu-~

J ~ ~J ,~I ~ :\,;)Wl-...a...., ~ -~4 k. JS J gcr:) 4.J1.ill fCr:) (r":iO 4......; ) 14.J1..IJ1:J:s.

' JI ~~ I -S~ I

g(x)
l.>"' ) : f( x)

=x

= ix3

(a

(Q.2r:)2

"
l.>'}

= ~; + 3

(48

o...:;W I AJI...J 1

.(~~ I) ~y-l l AJ1 ...J'J

(b

: j (x ) =.r ?

.0 < 0.2 < 1 J

g (x )

~<...~<.f:.u I'~I~-,

J:~ I 0"'

~ x .J~\ J r: v L..;\ ~ '..j31L Y r g( x) 4.J1..l.l1~

g(x) = - (O.2x ) 2 = - j(O.2x)

GL;.>i

AJ ,w ~ :iWJ L44l I .LL;U.

= -:tx 3 = -:tj (x )

gtr:) = -

\,T'"iy-ll(';"" ' J=..-

~ 1:.u '~~I~'-'
AJb.Jl o:u.~-, . ~ I

~ ~1 .J ~ J"'" g (x ) J I..u1~

.0 < -:t < 1 } g (x )

~~I
~~UI,~I~

~LJA~ ~
I
g (x ) = [xD- 4 (4A J

.f ix)

={

<

3x2

-1

- 1 :::; x < 4

(x - 5)3 + 2

-1

:~ ~:iJ I..Ll Ij..

, x ;::: 4

= 3x 2 :iJI..LlI j..\,(- 00, -1 ) orJl J

.y = -1 ~L::J I :iJ I..Ll1j..\ ,[ -1 ,4) 0rJ l ci
.y

. Y = (x - 5)3 + 2 :iJI..Ll1 j.i[4, 00) 0rJI ci

if ulS ~ 6k.;J (4, - 1) J (- I , 3) ~ \ if u lS ~ ~ ~ 0 ) 1~

t!'

.f(4) = lJ !( -I) = - I':>~(4 , I)J( -1, - 1)

~i.JA~ ~
(x

hex)

- 5 ::; x :::; 2 ( 58

114 -

....... ----------------......... 7

X 5

+ 6)2

---""""iIIlfT

80 ..--.-

;~

- - ;

60

J. 40

"J.

40

60

0<x
' x>2

'i-U o.? ~') '-;' ~

2 (5A

l~....:!:;~

yo . ~.;l:l~ o;:J1t..\..i;) ~ l1(x ) ~ , 11(;r) = - lIS x + 4.:r + 1

~ o;:J1~ .? I .~ .;l:l~ ~\l 1 ;;.;L.JI x y....;J , ~.;\I I &-
:iJ1..Lll .}s- .;.....,.j .?1 ...:. ,.j ...~1 wi....:> . ~ I ~ ~ ~.; x = 0
..
. l1(x) .}s- Jr=-J.] [ ix ) = x 2 (i \l \) ~)I

.3

20

x:::;O

--,.....

~ 20
a L....:......l......:........J'--l..-1--'----'

={

:iJ1..Ll~ ~ l.",.;L. .:>ts:..;

3~t J~

g (x)

x] , x > 2

i '

<- 5

~l.: ~..uJ I;; yS.l lk" , ~1 ,1..>.:i~ 1 ..,...... l.:;

J L..5! JL.......:.... ~ fleX ) = a (x - h)2 + k o.;y.aJI ~ ~ :iJI..Ll1 ~ \:5 .lY\

, 1..>.:i~ 1-, ~ I~ ! ~ I ~-, ,~

1956
......,;.;, r W I ~ lk"J-:-"-i 1

. ~.r-l l

Nl

(D ~ J 4J ~ ) ~~I ~WI

A.,.L..o ~1 ;,JI .JJ I fleX) = - 115x 2 + 4x + 1

_

~' I~~LoLS ~r;;J~~ '\ ~ -

~
.\1 +
15

flUx

4x j,..i.>.:...
.. .

= _.l
(x 2 15

60x)

+1

~.-s ' -,Wl.

1 (x 2
15

+ 90{)"-!~

1 (x - 30)2 + 61
15

60x

+ 900) + 1 +

1 (900)
15

, ~ \ J ! oJ.>- J 30 ,-;,b.......; \ :0?\ ~ ;;.;\11 u ) l.:..r:J 1J)\>-if I (x) ~ if ~ hex) ~.:>\ l?\
. ~\ J ! oJ.>- J 61 ,-:"", b.......;IJ . x .; ~\ Jy-- iJ"'K..;1 - , l iS ) ~ '-F"\'; ~J
I

.l(x ) =

Iff :iJ I . Ll ~ ~ DVDj~

. lex) :iJI...u1

~i.JA~ ~

~L1(x ) } ".:JI 0..L..:. ~l5 b ! ' " ~.*

l?..iJIf-""
'i }l ~ .... JLi.J\ r

r-!

11 ~ ..w \ J .b1}L o.;..wl x G.:->

J.r=JJI( x ) = vx :iJ1...u1 .}s- .;.....,.j ..;1\ u

) l.:Jo.><.:J l ~ (A

'i )115 ".:.o Jl4.. c~ J .;l; .; J /, ~ ~b 0

\ (8

(6

g(x) =/(Ixl)
4.l 1..>J 1 ~ ~~~~I J=~I I.:.u.~

.u~~~ Y.)~I.)~ ,-,", ! ~~y..J1

~I~I'::'~"":;

= I/(x)1

g(x)

pi ,:", ~' ~

ct ll.:.u. . ..C'_ .
.r': lJ" ~ ~ 'J=._
. :r-~
. ~~ ~ x .)~ 1 ..:.>-.J t4: 4.l 1..>J I

~..,...

~.

~<r~ I J=~ 1
~ I~ I~

. ";:' ~ I """ W 1 J ~ w

Y.)~ I ~ ,-,", ! ~IYl ~ I~~D.)~

:>I5 ~ ~i~-,

. Y .)~I J.P (J"LS.a:.:il,>

<5~ I~~ I..u1

. ~ ~ I ~ ?, 1

x
x

~-' ~~I u~~l~-,

: l:: ~)Ij .r-=JI...LlI ,:.r J5' ~ 1.5.6 j>:-:J1,j ~I f( x)

ht x)

=f <ix i)

y J..r-l\ J~ d l ~ .Y':" rJI ~ I fl .:.>K. c:!'

.y J~ IJr~dl ~.Y':"rJ l.~1u" lS::A.;1

=x3 -

4x ;;,]I..ul ~ uk..:......1
g(x)

(b

= l!(x) /

(a

~ .r-JI J f (x) ~ ,:.r ~ U \ c-~\ ~

uJJ~ 1 Lr.~.p ~ IjJ ~(O , 2) .J (-00, - 2)

~ I .r .)L:JI ~I ~.r: .J x J~I Jr

1.5.6 jS:..t11

'J:-;:;':'>.J ~

I
I
I
~v.e~ ~

g(x)

= l!(x ) I .r-=J1..u1,:.r js ~ ~ . L;~i ~I ,:.r js..} f( x) ;;,]I..ul ~ ~I

.

I/ -~
-

_.
-

: l::htx) = f<ixi) s

-- - - -

- -

-..

-x

.0

--1-

.- - ._ - -

- ..-.0

..

x
---l

- ..-<l

..-<l
._. ..-<l

(7A

: ~ ~ ~'i I J I J ..u I j" v\S ~ j.

(5 J l:.A)

X2

f (x)

=
{

g(x)

h(x)

g(x )

32

(22

f(x) = x (6

f(x)

~1..u1j" J5 ~ I (x)

x~ 4

x4

Vi

3x 3

30

(23

(24

: ~'i I .:r-=J I ..u I j" J5 ~ /(x) =

17

(2 Jl:.A)

g(x ) =

J J~I ~ 'J La...i (25

15

- I

~ ~ \ ~\.w \ 0\S

~W I

(6 J l:.A)

- 4 (10
g(x ) = -L
7
x+

.:r-=Jl>J\ j"

js- J g(x) J I (x) =

.c(x ) ~I..ul ~ f (x )

~ ~WI

o..l..

ci J L.a;')I 1.yu)

.L

.:r-=Jl>J1 j"

J5 J g (x ) J I (x ) =
(3 Jl:.A)

Ixl ~ ~ ;J")'...JI ul,.,.:.

{14

(13

(c

-4

: -8

-8

--'--- .

- - - ---- -

- ---..,

. J.:..JL x

(i '11) ~) I ~I ..ul ~ ~ t$..i.JI y~ 1 J: ~I .....A....o (a

J.r-=JJ f (x ) =

: g (x ) ~I..ul ~~W ~I ~ ,~'il

ci -.;

E(x ). ~I ..u \ ~

(11

- 0 - -0-

(b

~ I ..u ~ ~ ,L. ~\.;

~I 4.;L6J\ .:>i ~ bl I" ~~ (27
6jL..JI lJ"'\.Qj.., , J~l: E 4.;L6JI lJ"'\.Qj ~ E(x ) = 4x 2
(6 Jl:.A)

.- -

.-Q

.../'rJI \..l.. ~ ~

rSJ \r---"rJI ci ~I LS JL.:>.:>i ~ J'"

- - if

.-0 - - - --

= [x]

~~.J30 ~ !J?
I ~~ ~ .;>-\0 f as.rJ I ..:.....~ b }
.;11 ~I..ul...,....s u . J L.a; \ ~ ) J5 ,y J~.J 0.1 ~~J ,~~

~ ~ ;J ")'...Jl ul,.,.:.

.J L.a;')I1
(a

[x]

_g (x) ~ I..u l ~)W ~ \ ~ ,~'il

(12

J~i (26

(i \II ) ~) I ~ \..u l ~ ~ .;1\ ~~I 0)~~I.....A....o

1..x + 4 (9

(J ':!>!I,I) .>&-11

r- LS..l..:>- l-.:.....~

(4

f (r\l l) ~)I~I..uI~1

\.; 1.J1o..l.. uL......:...., l . -,,1431

22

= x2

g(x) =~ +3 (8

x < -4
-1:s x < 1

+ 5,
[xlI + 1 , x ~ 3
o\.;)j

(1

g(x) =Vx-4 (7

x ~ 4

, 'i~ .J 20 o )~ ~~ s~ W:-- !J? I ~~ ~ ~

~../'rJl \..iA ~ .:>} .J L.a;1~) J5 eY\.A... Jlu 0.2 ~~J
.yU ) )~ x ~ .c(x) = 20 + 0.2 [x] ~ I..u ~ ~ !J?
I

)~.:>~

f( x)

(5

= [x ]

= v'X(r\l 1) ~) I~ I..u I ~~ 1

(3 Jl:.A)

..;? 0 f

=c

f(x)

(2 Jl:.A ) : ~'il

, x < - 3
4x - 3 , -1 :::; x < 3

1431 1427 1426 1424 1420 1416 1413 1411

33

f (x ) = { (2

f(x) = x 3 (3

Ix - 51

(5 J l:.A ) .~ .J) ~ b ~ 0

40

(r\ll) ~)I JIJ ..u1 j" ~ b J5 ~ L..a>- ul,.,.:.

( 1 Jl:.A) : ~ L:.:J 1 J ~ I .rJ 1 0 1 ?J ' .j l.:-:J I ~I

(21

6 ,

..?'""-,,1411 i~..i;.,., 4.....L.T'-'

55

< -2

-2:::; x < 7
x ~7

x < - 6
, -6 :::; x < 4

x + 4
1
x

~{
=

3 :
(x - 5) 2 + 2
-r ,

, J ~I : ~'i l

J )d .,LJ ,JL.a;)'I J "yWIJ ,y ~ I J 'x ~ I J ' LS..wIJ

x2

ul,.,.:. J

,.;~

(4Jl:.A)

g(x )
~ I..u ~ ~ .;>-\ ,L. ~\.;.} -.;~ \ 4.;L6J \ c....;\5 b } ( b

~ ~U l ~ ~I ..ul cr" ~ ~ ~ ~ , E (x) = 2 x 2

.a.;1.J1~W l JL......:....,~

J5 J g (x) -.JI..ill I(x) (i \II ) 4-:')1:U1..u1 ~\

. ..l.>-\ J JI..l.>-l ~~ J~ J~I ~ ;J")'...J 1

= 3v x + 8

(16

g (x ) = 2~x - 6~ (18
g(x)

= Y X4+ 3

(20

g(x )

= 31xl -

4 (15

g (x ) = _4_ (17
x+l
1
g(x ) = -6 + 7 (19
x

: ';~ W J5" ..) ~I~.i.Jb~1

f

tl

---,- y~

- i-L- -" - -.
-~ .
-

-r- .

:t;;~ g(X')

= I/(x>!, ht x) = / <lxl>

----. -- 8

----

(7 J~)

(42

12 ~ -r-- '

--

~I.JJI ~.;4 w J5"..) /(x) .i.JIJJI ~ ~I

f(x)

= x2

x3

4x 2 (29

-.

- -..

--I--~

f(x )

= x4 -

~ - - ...... :...4 -

f(x) = x

. -8

f(x)

~3 +5

= VX+2 -

(28

(30

6 (31

.i.JIJJI ~ . ~I ~~ I ,':,,")\"~I ..I.r.-l .y ~WI .i.J \JJI ~I

:Cr-='':lI .r.Jl,;.-Jl .y J5" ..)

(r~ I) ~) I

-J lu\..\>-.J 7 .J ,,js-\1 \ -J lu\..\>-.J 5 ,-:",l>......;\ : f(x )

=i

(32

.2.J..., L.... Y\.J LY.J '.Jyl

-Jlu\..\>-.J 4 ,-:-,l>......;I .J x .J~ I

-i U"'K.u1

: f(x)

.3.J...,L.... y i.J L Y .J

g(x )

= 0.25f(X) + 4

(43

g(x) = 3 f(x) - 6 (44

g(x ) = f(x - 5)

+3

(45

g(x ) = -2f(x)

+1

(46

.i.J1...LlL. ....r-l.. . ~

= -3f(x) + 6

(48

g (x ) = 2f(x)

g(x)

=f(2x + 1) + 8

(50

g (x )

= f( 4x)

+5

f(x ) = x 2 + 2x

+7

g(X) = 4x

+3

+ 6x + 10

h(x) = x

:.;~ wJ5"

" u:'"
_ .r.:-"

tiL.; a J ;;"; 1~)' 1

(r\1 1) ~) I.i.JI ...Ll 1

= 0, va = 2, a =

2 (34

= 0, a =

2 (35

Xo =

10, va

o = 1, V o = 8, a = 4
X o = 3, V o = 5, a = 3

(47

. - --

- --

- - -. -

~ (b

b c;J \ -i~~.;-I I 4,; JW I~ ~i l~~ (c

.G
..r:-:

(37

-
-

~ 0 \ ;;~~ I ~ .J W l u ~ l ..\>-i ;;),) 1~ Y l ~ (40

~ J.Jl J)G:.. f(x)

= V7X .i.J \..l..l ~ J)' 'J ~ ~ ........:..J \ ,)~

i .J7. ~.T- x = 1 ' Cb ~ I.AA; i..r-l\ ~.J x ~ ' Cb )' I.y \; y

:~'J \ u ),W\.y .;J\.;.. j5J f(x) .;J), ~ g(x ) .;Jb ~I . Cb '1l
~h(x) ,g(x) if(x) ~ 4,;JWI L.

(36

(51

I / (0 ) I g (a ) I / (0 ) + g(o) I "(0)

'J-i--\1\

6J ~ k:"'; l5' I ~ ,.I

-i g(t) ~ J~/(t) =
Xo

-.0

'-?' \ I

,js- ~.;-II ~~lu')\.,~1 ~ . ~ l

- 5 (49

~.i.JL.Jl o"L"J~Jr 1 3 .) .J.a:iA '::' ~ "

:4,}JI ~1I.J..l..l1,js- \~ JI.J..l..lI ,js- u~\

(33

~.--II Vo J ' ;;"; I~), 16J~1 Xo ~ -S (r) = Xo + v ot + tat2

: ,;4 w .i.Jb J5" ~/(x) = . ~- 4 ~1

vx+ 6
g(x )

I. _ l.. ~ .

= [x~

.c! y:..J1 ,js- 12% .J~I ,) ~ ,)Ij

(a

.L;JI J kvl.".>-l; ~ \; y- 30 Cb '1\ ~ y .".>-l; ( b

e~Il/"450~~\ .)~ ~ (c

:.r ~ .r.J..i:.l L.... :Jb j.(J ~l::J ~ ~I ~I

JI) ..I.l1 .r :Jb j.(J (..!..lJ:' i) L..lS') ~ .r ~ T: '7' }I
)";"",,':1 1) ,

&-W'

js

-/4

( 1-2 ,-,",J.JJ 1)

J!

: (~ ~I o..i.P. ..t;~.) ~ , ~'J I

(66

"::- ~~ I -!.lW1~ )

..4..:>...o.r J5 ......w, J

lw..rt ~ I
J lA,; .g (x ) = ffx + 4~ :JI..I.lI.)l J y.,D .z:: .;1' ~ 41
.)l ..::-I..t>-.J 4 (i \ 'I) ~) \ :J1...u1 ~ ~ ~ ...;i ..4..:>...0
I

(52

~ . ~'l 1 .)1 ..::-I..t>- J 4 :J1...u1 ~ ~ ...; 1 ....u 1 ~ J L,;.J .JL..:JI

~ lo:- 1 .J J'! ~~ ~lo:- 1..:...,; \5 ~

-8

(67

f (x ) :JI.ill L:,K,u 1g(x ) ":"";\5.J ~ ~} :Jb f (x ) ..:...,;\5 1:'1 I joJ~ (53

W ,y .J-,.-.......11 J .r: g(x) :JLU! L:,K,u1 hex ) J x .Jy--ll J y->
~ lo:-1.J J'! ~j(x ), hex ) .:,r-: 4,;)WI

~ ) 1 ~l,>-I ~~I.rJS ":"";lS'I:' lL,., ~ , >:~

. ~ lo:-! .J J'! ). ~ ..::...-.:J )I ~b
f (x ) = If (x )I 0 ~ ~.Jj :Jb f (x ) ..:...,;\5 1:'1 (55
(68

f (- x ) = - I f(x )1 0 ~ ~.Jj 4.J b f( x) ..:...,;\5 bl (56

4.J I...uI~ ~~ \ ~4 1 ..::-)~~ I ......w. I ~ (57

.(- 2, - 6) ~~

~~ ~ 4.JI~ .)l J y .,Df (x)

= Vi

, 4 o)..lA..o Jo ~ ...,....-1) 1L "J1 .:,r-: J .}JI e:-b.J ,>:~ (58

Js ~I.rd ~ ~4:J I ~I L,., . t

o) ..lA..o

uL,., ~ ~.\' , L

"JI J

~~ 4.J1 ...u1~ ~4 1 ~~I.:.r

J.J I ~I.J ~ l::J 1 u~l) ~ I ~\ ~ I

~ I (59

"::-~~\ .J ( i \'1) ~) I JI.J...u1;,. 4,;)W1......w.) ..::- '1~ UI J

. .u.:..~~lo:-1~~ .~ ~41

~l-~l
_
.,J-J
jA

:. lk....JI 'O ,;..ill..)

~'JI JI) ..I.lI.r ~ ~I J ..lo.A .h...P ~ JI

(0,00)

(-00,1)

(- 1,00)

(1,00)
~ Y

g(x)

f (x ) = - 2x 3

(61

x2

+ X - 4 , [- 2, 3]

(62

6x

(70

.r x '7'.rZ L,.,~ :i..;,;'J1J I) ...u1.r jsJ ~l::J 1 ~I ..j ~.,L ~l.,..

(1-3 .......J..u l)

. ~lo:-J ) J'!) ,~I .r. .r.J 1 ~ , ~~'l L,.,

12
q(x ) = - - (63
x

4} B

{y I y ~ O} (
{y I

3 , [- 1, 3] (60

+ I , [4, 8]

g(x ) = x 2

{y I y

= -2x 2 + X -

= -x 2+- 8 :J1...u1LS.M L,.,

{y I Y =1= 2V2 }

( 1- 4 v- J.JJI )

v :s O}

f (x ) = 0.5 (64
x2

2 (65
P(x ) = xx +
-3

&:.wt~ '-:~~~.J Jt.J..ut ~ u~t

Function Operations and Composition of Functions
"JI."~WJ
..,jU1w~ <-i ~.?.rJI .) L.L

J-::"

s:~~\L~@
.J I.:J.JJI ~ ~~ ! .:.... ..>~

'il ~<... .:.r . jL..:......J\ ~ \ .) ...\>- ~

~~ I ~ \.)...\>- J ~ l ~.J , ~l;S 330000 -", 143 2i ~ .).Y-"

2065863

~ u ~I"'J-'!" i

.jL..:......JI ~<:J I .)...\>- .J ~~ I ~ I .)...\>-.) ~ B(t) .J A (t ) -.::...;15 \ ~l

. J I.J .JJ I ~""':; ~i

. ~l;S

~ ~~I ~ I .) ...\>- .) ~ ,-",1425.i.:... U I ~ t.J ~ yJ\,);

. AU) - BU) -.J 1..l.J~

. J '-'.JJ I

.) .....JI
~1..l.J 1~"":;

,~\ .)\...\>-'')'1,); ~I.J ~.r'J1.J c.}>JI.J ~1 u ~ "\~ l ~ IJIJ..I1I ~ '::'41-1 '

composition of functions

.J 1.J..l.JI ,); ~ ul.:L-J1 ~ I~l ~ J j..l.JII.u<-i .J

www.obeikaneducation.com

~ ~ I~ 'ry-6.ll~ , ..,,~ I~ , ~ I u ~ ~~ I...:.~ , ~ :i ~ ~~~b f, g.:..:.lS I~ !

:~ ~I ~I ~ ~ ~I ~ L4:i ~o ~~~IX ~

(f g)(x)

=f (x ) g(x)

I ",:,~ I

(f)(X)= ~~~,g(X) =F 0 I~I

~.;11 ~ I " L:.:::.....~ -sf ~ 1..l.J 1 J~

if + g)(x) = ftx) + g(x)

if -

g)(x)

=fix) -

1 ~1

g(x)

ci'\.;i,j ~ .J ~ .~ ..c:J I -.JI..l.J1J ~ ~U \ u')'W1.:.r J5 <-i

. ~I -.JI .) <-i g(x)

JI.J..111 ~

ul.:!4a1'

:~~.) ..l.> ~ ,~\'I J I,J..l.JI.:.r -k- ..L:::-,Jl; 'f (x ) = x 2 + 4x , g(x) = F+2, ht x ) = 3x -

if -

=x 2 + 4x + vfX+2
g -.JI..l.J\ J ~,J '( -00, (0 ) rf-.J I..l.J I J~

, (- 00, (0 ) r [, li .:.r J5 J ~

r U-

= (x 2 + 4x) + (Vx + 2 )

5)

= x2 + X + 5
. (-00, (0)

h) J ~ Ll\.! 1.i.J

r
.J -I. J ~ ci'\.;i,j r

(f + g ) -.JI..l.J1J ~ .) \.! 1.i.J : [ - 2, (0)

. [ - 2, (0) r

(y)<X) ( d
!.!.)(x) = l1(x ) = 3x - 5
(f
f(x)
x 2 + 4x
(-=, (0 ) r h .J f.:.r J5 J ~
-.J1..l.J\ itA.. Ll ~ x = -4 ) x = 0 ..:r<:J.J
r

(a

(f + g)(x ) =f (x) + g(x)

= (x + 4x) - (3x =x 2 + 4x - 3x + 5
2

5 -.::...;15 I~!

if + g )(x)

h)( x) ( b

u- Iz)(x) =f(x) - Iz(x)

(7) J~ .)~ \.i.J , IJ~ (7)

. (x I x =F 0 , x =F -4, x E R]

(f . h )(x ) (c

(f . h)(x)

=0

=f( x) Iz(x )

= (x 2 + 4x)(3x -

5)

= 3x 3 - 5x 2 + 12x 2 = 3x 3 + 7x 2 - 20x

:(- 00, (0 ) r

20x

t, h.:.r J5 J~

. (-00, (0) r (f . Iz) J~ Ll~ \.i.J

~~~ ~

. ~U I JI."..l.lI,y 4Jb JS J~ ~.,, 1 ~ . ~~ L..,., JS .j (I + g)(x) , if f(x)

= x2 -

6x - 8, g(x)

= Vi

0 8

f(x)

g )(x ) , (I g )(x) ,

=x

4J b

~ ,) ~! ~.J .:r-J1..u1 0 ~

c: ..l.l l

1i.",~.J

. 4........j .JI '-:"' ~ )

= Y9- x 2

(JA

&

-4~

- 4, g(x)

':'>1 .h.>- '1 Y = x 2 ~.rJ I ;;JI..l.lI.J Y = x 3 ~ I ;;JI..u1 C:,) 0'" Y = (x 3) 2 ;;JI..u1

( ~) (x) ~."I

Jt.J..1l1

C? ) ~ 0'" ~ ~ c:..ul Ii.",

J I J .I1 t ..,..Lo:. '::' ~ t

.<.S y:-I 4Jb ~ ~

.:.-.:a'~~.>iJ

.:ro J ,,, .JJ I ..,...;S ~ ~

~~ j~u~ l

~" ,t,;..~ '.JJ I~'

~.:..~ . 1~ ! , Y:-"

~~ ' Ji L~ I " i~ ,

[f 0 g](x) = I [g(x )
J ~ ~ x ~ ~ 0-" l

.".400.;;'.11,, ',

og 41 l..u I J ~ w~~

, / J ~ ~ g ( x) w~ wi ~ g 41 I..u 1
g J~

IJ~

lj g ](x) = j [g(x)]
0

-..

"

"

: ~ 4 L..,., ''is ~." l,; .g (x )

4, I(x)

X -

~~I ..Ll..c. JI.J.I1I""';;;;

= x 2 + 1 .:...i\S' b1

s o l,fo g .j 4> ":; ' ~ ~

.j ! ~1 ~ . .:> ~ .:> lJJ b

[1 0 g ](x ) (a
f os~~
gCt)

[j 0 g ]( x )

=x-4

=f

."...,.. . ~ I ~ ! ~ JIJ .JJ' ..,...;S ~

[ g (x )]

2 J1MJ 1

[I 0 g ](x) =

= f (x - 4)

~J [ g

+1
8x + 16 + 1
8x + 17

= (x 4f

"h)~ .\:r 'i~("- H~~,..:...

~\"

=x

=x

Ih')

=.\1

f](x)

= g[f(x ) ]
= g (x 2 + 1)
= (x 2 + 1)

]( x )

II ~ .'. \\ ",'I. /I

[g 0 / ]( x ) ( b
[g

x 2 - 8x

" . . . .

.' 'I '

__

+ 17
3~

i . .. . . ',,:
~ #~''-:_.

_ _

II
I
I

,------ - -- -- - ~

[10 g ]( 2) ( c

.x
r1

= 2 L.~ a ()J1.j 4-:-h- -:...l.....= ~ I [j g ](x) ;;JI..u1 ~ ..lo:-)

8x + 17 ~ \'.jlU 2~..A:!"':'" [j g](2) = (2) 2 - 8(2) + 17 = 5
0

~.:,.e~ ~
: ~~ L..,., JS
f(x)

= 6x 2 -

4, g (x )

=x + 2

(28

-i [f

g](x) r [g

f (x )

I](x) r [f

g ]( 3) ~."I

= 3x + 1, g (x ) = 5 -

x 2 (2A

I
I

J~ ~I ~ 1~ 1

58

.(x I x E R} rio gJ~0~ '~I.)I~\l1 ;-"'~ r 2 J L:..J I c) g,j..r J5

g(x)

J~0j ~

L>.').J--P0~ ..;1lgJ~ c)x ~ ~ 1~0~1 g J~ 0~ gJ~)/J~ ~ .).r.' .)Y.J ..l:s

0

/J ~ c) ~ .)yY'

: ~'::I I
~l:.J I ..r J5 .jlo g ~." i ~ ' ~." r'JI .) .r.il1 L-.a.:.. lo g :U I.L!I J ~ .) .:i.>
I(x) =

~~/(x) = x ~ 1 ~ ~~ O~I .)I~\lI ~g(x) =

x2

---L.
} , g (x ) =
x+

x2

9 (a

9~~~l3/ o g .)~)'

~ ..;11x ~ ~ J~I ..r ~ ~13 IoU \g(x) =1= - 1 L...l:s- 4:k- ~ ..;11og (x )
. (x I x =1= 2V2, x E R} r i o g J~ 0~ 0-"'.J X = VS = 2V2 c/".J' x 2 _ 9 = - 1

:[J 0 gJ(x ) 0'11 ~

[J 0 g J(x ) = f[ g(x)j
",(x)

=.\ 2 _

= l(x 2

9)

~ lo g '4.;1.::5 ~ 0-'".J .x =

2V2 L...l:s- ) ,x - 8 =

.(x I x

=1= 2V2 ,

x E R) 4.I~.J
I(x)

.24:-<> c ."h;.Jg(x)

= x~ - 9 + 1 = x 2 - 8

aL. ..l:s- ;u~ ~ x ~ 8 0i .b- ~

~..r ~ J5 Cij ~ .x 2: 3 ~ x ~ ~

[J 0 gJ(x ) = - 01-x~

=x2 -

2 , g (x )

g(x ) ~ ~

~13 l

o.)y.aJ1

- 8

=~
o g .)~)'

(b

(x I x 2: 3, x E R). r i o g J~ 0~ IoU

:[f 0 gJ(x) 0'1 1~

fog~

[f ogJ(x) = / [g (x )]

g(xl=~

= /( v x - 3 )

= (v x -

)2-

= x- 3-2= x - 5
1,

rJ~ ..L,.io U l:.., c) l og J~ 0\ ~j , ~I .)I~ \I I ~~ r x - 5 :UI.L!I J~ 0\ .b- ~

. (x I x 2: 3, x E R} 4.I~.J [J gJ(x ) = x - 5 c/" ~;:.\I 4..11.) 013 IoU \ x 2 3

. '4.; ~ )' 1 ).~ ~ ;;';l;)1 ~ l:.J1 <..,1.......:....1

~1..r1 =?~I J~ .y = ( v'X=3) 2 - 2

~l;)1 ~l:.J1 d d.--Wl uUS:..)' 1~I .y = x - 5
..
: -Li...l1 1~ .J:...;.,.,aJ L
:U 1_u l J>-.)j

IJ

~~~

. 00 .) j ~.J X

I (x)

= f, g (x ) = x 2 + x

t?
ra S:Trace
:-

if'""

I~I I

I
I

= 3 ..l:s- \~ l..$oU1.JI g J~ ~ ~.J-'"

~4>A~ ~
(38

I(x)

= VX+1 , g (x) = x 2
-

1 (3A

45:..d --.;\ l..$\ .4:... .h....:\ ~b .)1 :UI.L!I ~ o.)LYj d' j-K:J1.J J-OLdI 4....- 1.).)..l:s- ~I u1)-6.~ 1 LS ..l.>!
.h r

~j 0'p-: ~ ()l:..,!,g ) ~b ~~~ oh J.:..:U b

~I..\JI..,J~~~

",-l 6..A~j....:i~ I0-

'"':J

d _.~.;,S..--:;

J.:-9 u,;;J 1..-) I

JI3 ..-) l u :i ~ ~ ,.",.ar 1

< I~ !""'~ '-' '''~ :i'''''

~3 ~..,:.J1 ~

4JLL.

~ I~~..;;s 41 1...\1 1 ~L:iS

I(x)

= x.~~ 1 ;;J1..u1~ ~i .:" .,s;.; )li ~.J .1l(x) =

[j 0 g](x).:,,~ ~f, g .:r.J b .~.Ji

:';4 L... Js' J

l1(x)=Vx 3 - 4 (a

~ ....;i lSi . g(x)

.

= x3 -

= vx ) t:>...; \.:.;~ lil ~x 3 -

4, !(x)

:..iLU.J ,g(x) = x 3
h(x)

= '11.>;3-

4 4.l1.ill ~.;) I )-WI r h .:"i .h.:>- ~

=
.:r.J1.ill0..,.:5 h ~l:5

- 4,f(x)

4 = y g (x ) = !l~(x) ]

Vx

= [J

g ](x)

+ 20x + 50

ll(x) = 2x 2

h(x)

= 2(x 2 +

(b

+ 25) = 2(x + 5) 2 :y:..:.JL ;;J\..ul ~ JoI."..JI d l ~4

lax

: ~~} , g (x)

= x + 5 ,f(x) = 2x 2 .:r.J1.ill 0 ? h(x ) ~ l:5 ~ ....; 1 L,Si

h(x ) = 2(x + 5)2 = 2[ g(x )f = ! [ g(x)] = [J g ](x )

~~~ ~
h(x)

= ---'L
x+7

h(x)

( 48

= x2 -

. ~ 20 J ~ 60 \AI~ a,k.... .)~ i~ ~ ,-;-,.r-W 1,-;-,Wi ~...l>!~

2x

+1

(4A

4.:5 ':' I~';"

.~ \; j-<.J ~ 15 )~ ~ JS" ~b :r. ~

. ~ L; t ~ ~~~?\I 1 ~.J , L ~~ J ;;J 1...\5" A ~I ~L..o w l...l>! ~ .:r.Jb ~.J i

(a

. L+ 400)~\~ J.,hJ I ~ l:5~ l il ~ ~40 ) ..Li...: 0 f ..)9 ~~ ~ I J.,1 .:.>! ~

~I,yd>~ .:.>i L..,} . L :2 20 ~ ,A(L) = L (L + 40) = L2 + 40L~1 ~L..o .:.> 1 L,S\
. t :2 a -.j IJ..J4 if)\ t ~ ' L(t) = 20 + 1St :':'> ~J ,0...l>I) \ ~81 .j ~ 15 )~ ~ b ~
~ ;;Jl..ul ..i.A ~ b L..J . A

~ ...... '::'I~';"
-',!-'-'-" ~ 0~ 'J.4-"!

L ~.Ji (b

wl';:' ~J l.4.c ~ ' er

= A [L(t) ]
= A(20 + 1S t )
[( t) = 20 + 15t
= (20 + ISt )2 + 40(20 + 1St)
= 225t 2 + 1200t + 1200
'if ) \.j 6J 1...\5" J.:k.:-.-II ~L..o A L 6JI..u1 ~
A

jw;J I~~.r

,)

~~~ ~

J~i (5

.'-;-'.r- W \ ~ y J~ ) 100 o )~ ~ y.Ll- ~ ~L; t!J

.dJ

C ~Lu w L;~ 1

0..i.A ,y- ;.- (SA

"
~~ js ~ b L.) . [d 0 c](x)} [c 0 d](x) ~) 1 (58
.~~! r::"} ~ y \ I./--- ~ doc}1 co d ~.;)I L,Si (SC

' -,= ~ I ""w',-,

.~

~ ~~ I <I> L..o --J L.....<>i 3 ~I ~ L..o ~ r .r4 -::..j ) I ,y rS (c

W' , wL...W I ,-;-,;A1J'-;-' r W\ jp'i ~ ..)9 15% o)~ ~ ,y- L,S)~ ub... ~1

1:..1

w~ .... t;;.J..u M-# i~.9

<l>L..o --JL.....Oi 3 ~ I ~L..o ~J ' ~ 1200 L,SJ L;} 20 x 60 .j-.o ~ \ ~\ ~L..o

.:.>i ~ t d J~4 4.l~W I ~} .[A 0 L ](t ) = 225t 2 + 1200t + 1200 = 3600 \..~ ~')I\

J~ ,y \~? vJ~..iS J ,L (t ) J ~ if \ ~ ? vJ ~ UI y)l.:.>i L..,} . t = - 6.88 ."i t "" 1.55

. ~~ ~L; 1.6 ~ w i/, 3 -.....WL...a;; J.:k.:-.-II ~ L..o .:.>~ , 0.;) 14.lb

,~ L.;.,9 ~ W ~ I ~ 0~

'111 (V) =

100

~14...
1: 11 j
'.
. .r---' '-?

~
I ~- ~
.I":" ~I I (21
-.

1-

(I -

g)(x) ,

J IJ.JJI .:r JS J ~.) J.>. J

(2

ill 111 J 4.;8 1.) ?

.r.=J1.ill (I + g)(x) ,

<.>..r:L 300 L;? J~3 ~ .,..all ~.r" C ~

(I g )(x), (~) (r) ~ Jl

'.;4L.... ,,.,IS J

( 4 J ~) .100 kg ~\' \ 4.53 4.;8 \.)? v ~~..r--'- ~

. ~l:- ! )J. Sm ;UI.JJI J ~ ...:- .) ~ ~ y

~ (a

f(x) = 8 - x 3 (2

f( x) = x 2

g(x)

=x - 3

g (x ) = Vi"

f( x)

= x2 + x

. m(10), 111(10000), 111(1000000) ~ Jl ( b

~ L..J..:.Ynz ( v);U I .ill .jWI~\J}>~yL- ~ ( c

,
. I~

02

=%

(4

II(x)

g J(x ) <.>~ ~.}4 L....

,.J~ ) . I (r)

= _x +5
6_

= x o-4~ 1 4.l 1.JJ1~ ~1 <.>~ ')II

- 8 (23

hex) = ~- 3 (x - 9) ~ (25
hex)

= (Vi" + 4)3

hex) =

y4+ x
x- 2

hex) = -..I4x
hex)

+2 +7

= 14x + 81-

g( x )

= 4Vi"

(22

9 (24

Jx

f(x ) = -..Ix

+6

hex ) =

) 5x
x+2

(26

(29

Il(X) =

(28

,A

= ,::V ;U I.JJ ~ 4.;8 \ J

? v

(5

(8

f(x)

(x - 5)

(10

f( x ) = -..Ix
g(x)

+8

(9

= -..Ix + 5 ]( x ) ,

[f

g ](6) ~ Jl
(2 J~ )

f (x ) = 2x - 3 (11
g( x ) = 4x - 8

~~ ~~-.J

. 6.626. 10 - 34 L;?JL..

f(x ) = -2x 2 - 5x
g(x ) = -5x

;u')l"""" 25 kg 4.5 ~"-':-..,~ I J..,1 ~;U b ~) (a

f(x)

. ~ l:-!)J. ~ ;UI.JJ I J~ .j.s- .) ~

(7

. ~':il J IJ.Ll\.:r c J.J uK! [j 0 g ](x ) , [ g

2

=f

g (x ) = x

,mkg 4.5 ~ A "-,:-.r-JI J}:o ~ . j'lSJ 1 ~~ (30

~ L; lt ~

=x - 7
=x +7

f (x)
g(x)

g(x ) = -..Ix - 4

(27

(1

(3

(6

f (x)

+4

+ 5x + 6
g(x ) = x + 2

=x +X

J5:l I, g .r.=J1.) ~)

: ~U I

f( x) = x 2

g(x)

[1

(4

g(x ) = 9x

f(x)

.j.s- .h tx ) =

/ (x ) , g (x)

(lJl;...a )

~y ~ (b

g(x ) = x

"-,:-.r-JI Jyb ~J~ '4.;\..'JI.) )1.:.018 ~~ ~ I ~ -,..;01 ~1 ( c

= x2 -

+1
+6

(12

16 (13

+ 7x + 11

f(x) =2 +x 4 (14
g(x ) = _x 2

.h ;u')l..\,

0 l5..r-J I LS J.>. 1 .)0 ~ 1 ~ .) ~ ~ , .....;u u:.j (3 1

-4) c?\ 0~ 1.:.r' 4% L.t.)..Li.> ~y..... ;U ~ 3 L;;I) LS""'l..Q;,.3

' f (x ) = x - 300000 <.>1~} I .J l;) 300000 .j.s- ~

( S J ~) . hex) = 0.04 x

eW ,Jl;J 300000 ...:- ..l.:) (x) 0~ 1 ~ ~ l5 b [

g (x )

..;~ ~l5 b! ,~\ L",L;l..Q;,..)\ ;u ..,.......JI ~ ~) ( b

= x _2 3

(16

f( x)

= x5

(18

g(x) =: x2

yx + 5

+ 4x -

x+1
- 4

f( x ) = -..Ix
g(x )

g(x) = -..16 - x

f( x) =

f( x) = _ 1 _ (15
g(x ) = x 2

= x2 + 6

( a

. ~ l:-! JJ. ~h[J(x)] ;U I .JJ ~ r i f [h(x) ] ;UI.JJ ~ ;U..,.....JI jJ

..i..:...J1~ .) J l;) 450000

f( x)

(20

2
=: x -

+4

(17

4
4

f (x ) = -x (19

g(x) =

v'x + 8

30C ~ J:'
,

j U:- 0 ~? ;;"" .r"

..I.:.Y

( )=

J..\.....> v (m) .:J l5 \)) ' '' ~ (50

(24.94 35)(303 ) 'II oIL

'--:-""" ' V In

L.. ! -

\ <:" \ -" ,

' 1'

"" ..u . ...s---' "-:-' '' r.r~

IN

.J .Y' j.SJ r l.r.- p~

....

= [1

, 11 (x )

g ](x) .J"p-:

. I (a)

IL

~ ,_
AL..." ~ I , g .r-Jb ~ Ji

= x c-4~...lI' dJl.u I.r-JI.u1 ,y l.?i (,)p.:. ~1

.rr: .
L.U j lAll "'-) r-ll 4..l..:.>J1 m

J'"

.LA L:........ ~~ dJ l .u 1 J ~ ~ :.y} ~ y

Iz(x) =

(a

~ J :' ..I.:.Y J.Y' j.SJ ~IJ';:-

j W \ 4.1:5 :.b ; L...I.:.Y j U:- 0~ J'.;:-

;;".. .r"

(c

'-;') 1.)) ~\;j l ~';" ';4 L..."

js J 1 (05) ,/( : ..!.U ~

..r-Jb ~ j' 0J.r<' ~ dJl.u1 ~I ( d

[l o g

1I](x)

j (x) - g (x) = x 2

(,)..P-: ~ ,I , g , 11 JI J:. -:...')\; _~ Ji

:';4 L..."js J

a(x)

= ...}(x -

a(x)

5)2 + 8 (52
4

(vx + 3)2

+1

a(x)

= (~ + 4)2
a(x) =

(54

+4

(x - 3)2

I(x)

= VX+6

(56

= ...}16 + x 2

g (x )

j(x)

= 2x + 1

+5

g (x )

(55

g(x)

j(x)

(58

dJl.u1~..J r dJLJI

= VX

= V9-

g (x )

- 4- x

+ g (x ) = 22 + .l - 1.. ,g(x ) = 2x

(37

18x 2

x +3
4x

x3

.r CJ j

x- 3
x

-iff

1< ----s

r.r . .

j-<J l o g ~ Ji

~~

V)-,g(x ) = V1=X (38

[/

g o lI ](x) ~j1

=x + 8
g(x) = x 2 - 6
Iz(x ) =VX + 3
j (x)

= x2 - 3
1
Iz (x ) = x

(57

:..;4L..." dJl> ul5 J g (x ) ~J~ , j(x) = x + 2 c.,; l5 \))

(f + g) (x ) = x 2 + X

(59

- . ;j :>W\ ~
J' c.r.'.

~
(b

JIJ.uI ,y CJ j J5 ~

~~

+6

(a

(~) (x) = t

(b

:..;4L..." dJ l> Js J g (x ) ~j~ , j(x) = v'4X c.,; l5 \))

= 16xl

(a

= 200x + 25

(b

[f 0 g ](x)
[g

(a

J IJ.u 1

.J IJJJI,y CJ j

,""""';; JI..i>-)l 1~~ I

o~ J :;~~.::.~ "

'JJ ~ I JJ ~ \

(40

. ~I

g(x)

r) \.)) cp , y ~ r:(36

= j (x ) -

= v'x + 5

+ 1) ~ j i

6) , [tx

6, g (x ) = x

:';4 L..."J$' J
j (x )

(35

(39

g (x) = v' x + 4 + 3

g(x ) - _ 4_

I(x)

+X

5x

(34

+4

(53

~ rJl dJ l:.

I(x) = x 2 - 6x

j(x )

(51

J ~ ~:.y) ~i:. ':;"'" J , ~')i l J IJ.uI,y t..Jjj.SJ lo g , g o I ~ Ji

:dJl> J$'

(33

~ ~r-l l

a(x) =

V-7x + 9x

Iz(x )

145

J ..\.....> A W:..:?

(32

= 2x ~ 1 + ~
2
h(x ) = x - 4 + 3x - 5

~ r-l l ..5 c.,; l5 \)) j W\ 0 ~? ;;".. .r" J ..\.....> ~) ( b

. 30C

=~-

Iz(x )

: .;~ L..." dJ l>

J](x)

js J g (x ) ~J~ , j (x) = 4x 2 (,) l5 I~ )

=x
= 4x

[J og ](x )
[J g ](x)
0

(41

(42

(43

(a

(b

(c

~ I ~ I ~ :. ~ ~ ..rlS:.,.,,; ~ 1 JF" r") ~

. o ):>l.:.~_lI .b WI ~ ;J,.,., I) \

' ..r lS:.,.,,;~ 1 J~ dJ :.~ ~

~ (d

.r J5 l.?j L:; .;-11 (r'}lI) ~) I -.JIJJI L.

,~ ( e
~ [f 0 g ] (x) , [ g 0 J](x)

(f + g )(2) (44

(f - g)( - 6)

(45

(f g)( 4) (46
0

.J"p-: ~ g (x) ~) ~

...;4 L..." Js J [f
j (x ) = x 5 (C
j (x ) = 2x - 3 (d

g] (x)

= [g
j(x )

J] (x)

=x -

j( x)

=x

6 (a

(b

(f

(t)(-2)

(47

(j 0 g) ( - 4)

(48

(g 0/) (6) (49

J ~~ 9~ ~'1 1 JI"..l.lI 0-" -Js uG..

u~ 60 J lj-JI ~ . ) ,,~I v~1

h, f + h JI.."..l.l1

.)! ~)... ~'1 1 JI" ..l.lI 0-" j~ ~I" ~I \S~I ~I ~"i

: ~I.~ lA...\:.&- &

( 1-4 ......J...I.lI)

-;JI X

";I..l..>)' I \S~I.) f

~~.i> ~ ,:\::.., 0-""? ,-;-,}i

-

3x 2 + 4 (76

+ 5x - 3 (77

f(x) = 2x 3
g(x ) = - x
f (x)

=x +
4

x3 -

: 61 - 63 ~)'1 .) 1~" , ~

(j + h)(x) (60
(h- f)(x) (61

2 (78

(j + g)(x ) (62

~,;... ~I )l.i.,.:,\tl ~ ~ -.?I ~~I ~I ~I..l.&-\t l~.i>

(h + g )(x ) (63

: .~I .r-J I.);~ k. 4..I b vlSJ:\::'" 0-" "? ,-;-,}\t

( 1-3 .......;..JJ I)

f(x)

x2

= X-=-4 / [- 3/ 3J (79

g (x ) = x

2
-::-

-8 ~

2x - 1 / [1/ 5J (80

x- + 3x

~10-" ~rJl ~...w ~.r.-i ~l..a.>!..)

4:i~

(81

~~..:...;lS ,~l::.. u1.f-- ...w U ~ I ..b- \.j

(1 -I ...... J ..JJ 1)

1431

1430

1429

1428

1427

48

54

54

48

43

146

156

137

148

150

:-;\' 1J..,,-W1.j L5

~I

(g

( X) ~U)'I~.lc

f) (x) (65

(f 0 g )(x ) (64

( y) ;,S:JJI ~.lc

--

--~

.~ r: rJ l.J )y5.iJ1~~ "':"'\';)' I ~ ..l.&- .1:.; .sJ1 u \.; LJ I uL. (a

.~~ JJ-W I .j

, ~"j (f

g )(x ) 4..I1..l.l1..:....;\S I~ ! L. ~..i.- ' ';~ k.

+ 21 ..:...;lS I ~l

x
2x

+ 18x 3 + 113x 2 + 288x + 256

3

+ 36x + 226x 2 + 576x + 512

A
B

(j + f) (x ) = x

=x

(70

[J of o f]( x ) = x (73

[J 0 f](x)

=x

(72

,t:'l.>\ ~ "-...;\'\ ...l..>J I..:...;lS 1 ~ \ l...j ~.i,...

1J-J..J-i:j (74

'~~ !)..r..J . I~i~~('\ ,WI ~ ~('i

+ 72x 3 + 452x 2 + 1152x + 1024 0

. " ~ 4..I l ~ fo g 0 l-i ' ~.; 4..I 1~ g .J ~'; ) .b- J I ~ f ..:...;lS b j"

+ 54x + 339x + 864x + 768

1(2 )=3,g(3 )=2 , f(3) = 4/ g (2)=5 0lS b ! (83

~ [fog](3) ~ W

4 (

2 A

5 0

3 B

(j . f) (x)

3x

(71

4x

= X 4..I 1..l.l1,:?"L.;'J/ f 4..Ib ~" i , .;~ k. J5'.)

. ~I .b .r=J I ~ ~

(82

:,-:?.JL.; 1z(g(x)J 0l-i

4

>:!~

. 0 l:::~'; 0 L:J 1~j, g (66

.0 4 .Jj 0 L:J b j, g (67

l(x)

, h(x) = 2(x - 5) 2/ g (x ) = x 2 + 9x

...:u~ .r.? i i ~~ } ii

.L.",I.L.J '-.;)'....\\ J ~ ~ I ( b

. ~ ~ ! )..r. ~4..Ib '-.;)W I o~ ~ J ( c

Js'.)

~11t,~t Jt.J.itt.J ull~t

Inverse Relations and Functions
~J I.'~WJ
b y.' ~ ~ ,I.",~ ,-:-,W \ d.:. : -'-" Jy?- ~ .;51i; ~ J..y A J y ~1 b y.'

~ A Jy~ 1 ~ jo..w,:,, \ .h.,.. 'J ..;51.iJ1~~.r--JI B Jy~ 1

. BJy~ \

1j 4Y~ I!l;
Jlj.l1I':'~.).4..:;.,.:1
AA~I

B J.J~I

AJ.J~I

~
5

25

20

15

10

jSl~t~~ J~.,J~~1

~~ ~14J1.l11 ~i
..~j

<-i ;;j)Wl ~ ;;j~ ~ A Jy~ 1 <-i ;;j)W1 ~I 4J I..JJI

<-i ~ y:- yo (b, a) 0 .rJ1Cy)1 .:"l5 b) .hi.iy b) B ;;j)Wl ~;;,:;~
';W ' l::!U\ ~~ u\.A.:.-..J \ ~ \ jo~ ~\ ~ )\..>- ~~) ~ ...bL.......c ;;j)W\ ~ b 0 .LS? \i I <-i
A ;;j)W \':") Jl.Oe .B Jy~\

wlS.:J ! ",=........:J

.";{ ,.14110 Jio:; ~I

~IAA~I

\ ~y:- yo .:" ~ (a, b) .:,, ~ ~ )W\ LS J..:>-)

inverse relation
~14J1..lJ1

inverse function
~\a.:9)Wt

y2 = X + 4 y\ x

= y2 -

a.:9)W1

Y = x2

~~14J1.l11

one-to-one function
www.obeikaned ucation.com

-3

-3

-2

-2

-3

-1

- 1

-3

-4

-4

-3

-3

;;j)W\ o...\.a. . Y = x ~\

J .r": LS? )U V'~\ if ~~ \ ~ )W \ -:r.J1.",.:..r' ;;j)\..> ul5 .:,,\ .h.,.. 'J

. ~ \ ~li )\..>- u ~y uli)WI u ~

J5 ~ ~

~ .;J \ J ly..l.l l ~ ~ L:...l..::.ft,\.:,,1 'J) , ~ .;;j )\">- ~y-;;j~ j5J .,,;\ ~ 1 ;;j ~1 ~~ .:..r' ~
f - 1 yo)lltJ J"-" y.'y f ...,l ~I :Ul..lli ~ JI.:> ~fJ\..l.l ~ \ ;;j)W \ ~ l5 b ~ .'J \y~ ~ I ~l.i~
'J ~,J\ ~ )\..>- .:,, 1 'J) ' <f"'I) \ .b.:>J1 j l.:>- \ ~ ~\I \J I.:> ~ \I I ;;j) W I .:,,1 0 )\..>-\ <J L,JI ~ \ J .h.,.. 'J
.JI.:>

~i ;;j)W\ ':".7<;':"\ l:? jy ~ 1 i f uJ ' i ~ ~y

.JI.:> c.......)

~ jl.:>- 'JI Ii, ~

.~ J I.:> ~ : j..,l; ~ ?1 jl.:>-I .)) ~\ ~~y ;;j)W \ .i-- \..; ~ ~

, ~':i I ~ 1 ~,
orJ .
'="~~

.... . . 7

u'IS I:'I~
.
J

1:'1,

1-1 ~
~\' /~I..uJ ~
_

lliAJ ~ ~1..lJ1 ~

. ~

t-" tkLa.:.,; ~i.to.> JS

. ~'J t ~ o~IJ

~I ;U1 ..L1 1 j..o)

"t..:,.:.tt\.
,._":1\
.,.,,- ~

i.r:-!~~..J..>.:.j i~
/-l (x ) ~I ;,j l..ul jA.;
. _ 1_

f(x)

;,j l..u\":,~,,

,--4~~ 1
.,.,--

.b>J 1 .) Woi- I ~
": r.--;

~I ;;JI..u1~lS' 0! ~..l.>..:J ~~ I.h>J l )~ I ~ ~ ,;;;;l:-:J1 ~Wl J~~ t.;;l:-! ~~ I J1-J..uI.:.r -% j.

.'1 il .:l~ yo
/ (x ) = Ix -

11

~~ I

~ 1Y'-' 14!-,-:, ~ 1 . ~ ~1

Jt.;;.>1 ~

(a

=x3 -

g (x )
;;J1..u1

0~~j , ~

6x 2

+ 12x -

iL-

8 (b

II

~1 .b:- .:l~1 ~ I ~ .:.r ..;1 1.7.2 ~I <-i g(x) ;;J1.ill ~l:-:JI ~I ~ y.

. o .:l~ yog -1 0 ~ ~j' ~.:.r.;5i <-i g(x)

~ I .I .

'"

6 67 Y

>~

.
I

I
I
I

't r, / -;'1.).1 ,-11

i '

. ',
r1(1- , } - ""

:0

' - 1_ .. 5

.~p[

1.7 .2Jt,.t11

1.7 .1 Jt,.t1 1

f( x) = x 2 + 5x - 7
~ .h.;.;; x -l ~

~' l ..

_.._-_

II

~~~ ~
I
(18

h(x )

J5 0"1 ~ ~ l.:=-o ;;J b ~ ~\l 1 h>J1.JL:>-I ;;J1..u1 ~ 1.)1

=~

(lA

~ 1 411.JJt ~~ I

- .x -l ~.:.r fS~ .h.;.;; Y-l ~ -l.::- Y 'lJ .Y-l k

oJ.>-I J

f-1 J~ ~L..fLS..l.>-J f- 1LS..w ~J L.. f J ~ (,)~ (,)i J>:- ~ ;;J1.:l4J (,)~ '4.:.:~ ;;JI..u1 ~15 1 ')!

[(x )

.)~ I~ ~~-:i'7 ~4='-0 ~ i0-A ~'7 ;;lb.s..,j I4.l I.ill ~ 4.lb ~~,j0-A ~ : 1 ;;~I
. ~ ~I .b..J 1

. x , Y ~.jA

J~ ~

,/( x) 0 lS.A y ~ :2

;;~ I

. Y 0lS.A / - I (X) ~ ~ ,y ~ ~'7 4.l~1-J 1 ~ :3 ;;~I

1$,jL....:!/ r.S,j.A 0 i,j ,/

- 1 r.S,j.A 1$,j L....:!/ J ~ 0 i u;.,j. /-1J ~ ~ ..k,j~ ~iyS~ 1

:4 ;;~I

. / -IJ~

d...,.,\.J.:l ~ \jJ ~ j4JU.Ll ~ 4J b (,) ~

6S

jj

~.r.:- 4J-l.::-) cjJ\ <i.ll..u \ .:.r k

<?-I I

J ~4~":i , J".>J '

.:.r fSl <-i f (x) ~ F ~1 .b:- .:l~ ! ~I.:.r ..;11.7.1 ~I <-i ;;J1.ill ~l:-:J \ ~ \ ~ y.
. O .:l~Y'~ f-1

J.U.l 1 J ~ l

'--:o- G-J IJ ~ I"""

1 ~ ? (,)10.r? \1\ 0yh>J\ .:.r ~

f -l .:l ~! ~f J ~

.....sbJ

-":'WJ ' ~ , -, i

,----------

~~ ~I ~1...\1 1 ~~ l

...,...s;...u 4J.,>Wl I J IJ..111

r: ~I 6JIJ.lI ~.JI .}\: ~ JS J

~L; 8:.......;1E ~ ~ 1~ 1.J , ~ ,) ~I .J 4J~,) ..\.>.J ,~I 01

t;;::Jb':'~"':;; ' ;U I..>..!J J~

,) YY' ~

j(x)

xl

= x+
x -1
2

U:~ ;Ub

...,.s....u

(a

.b..>J \ JL::>-I ~ 6J\J.lI ~ 01 J .J ~\ .}WI ~\ ~ Y

j 6J\J.l\ J ~ . ~ 6Jb 4J ':"~ ~j :i..:.: l.;::o 6Jbj ':"~ 1.i.J ~ ~\J\
. (-00, 1) U (1,00) r \.:>1..\..>j ' (-00, -2) U (- 2,00) Y'
.j - 1 ~ j \ ,:,,'1\.J

h=:;::..........-+-..-+-..-.!,:k-~=== ,;I

~':il <.J 1..>..1 1

f (.\)~"1"-! 1f~~

= x- I

j (x)

x+ 2

x- I

y= x + 2
y l

~)~ I~L>.':'~,~ ,(y

a, Y .J=.;J:!-I-F I\.'!

+ 2).,..~".w1,":,~

xy+ 2x

~ 'J~..-l>~Y-i.P-'....:JI"...,JI~3-:'
~P ''''''''L>.

11

IIJ~4J.>-J4

=Y+2

= y-1
xy y = -2x

y(x 1) = -2x 1
y=

- 2x 1
x -I

I"'j'

,(- 00, 1) U (1, oo! ~ j-1 J ~ .:"t .jW I ~\ i f ~

. ~.;1I ~ j - 1 J ~j <..S ..\..>

'"'~, . YC~ '-,< r-'t""",.,

~ -~-; J

[-I(x)

f-+--~~~"-';':'

_ _ __,_/,,1

L----I

.j-1 J ~ ~ ,)~ J'y.1l ~ l>-

'I "

-,.
I ...

i t)

'1 I.i.J

= -J x

j(x)

4 (b

~ ~.~ \ .b..>J1 J L::>-I ~ 6J IJ.l\ ~':"I J j ~ \ J-U I ~ Y

6Jb \~
. \ .:"L;
f 6JIJ.l I0L;
\.i.J
r f 6JIJ.l\ J~
' .~
.
.~
- j "';"L::...
.. ,

.f -1 ~) . [0,00) \..I.\..\..> j [4, 00)

)'

.i->:

f(x)=~

'1

y = -.Ix

" 0

x
x

= VY - 4
=Y 4

Y~ !~4J.>-J4

Y = x2 + 4

y~':i"".f -I(.\) _~~

f - 1(x ) = x 2 + 4

,(- 00, 00) r

i:' J ~.:"i Jj ~ \ .jW\ ~\ if-,~

':"~ ~ 4J~ ~\~~ J' ';;L:..;~~.J ' [4, 00)\.:> I..\..> j

~ ,:,,'1\.J ' [4, 00) \..I.\..\..> ~...J .[0, 00) r Jf <..S..w ~J L.

.:,,~ \.i.J ~ ~.;1\ ~ 4J ~ 3j-1 <..S..w ':"~J L. \..I.\..\..> J f J ~
. {x I x 2: 0, x E R} 4J ~J f - 1(x) = x 2 + 4

I
I

~WA~ ~
f (x) =

Vx 2 -

20 (2(

f( x) = x ~ 7 (28

___ _ ----.JI
f (x) = -16

+ x 3 (2A

.'.P.'' ' ~I

~ J~~ ~I Jlj..J1 u.:~ ~..,.;~ \jJ ~~ ~ lj I 6J1..J1~ ~

1-1

~I 6JI..JI':;1

~ 0? 1

.f- l (X) J ~ ~x ~ ~f [f-l (X) ] = x

.f(x) J~ ~x ~ ~f-l[f(x) l = x

~ 6Jb ~ \..J \ i f -js .:;i i f ~ ~\ o~ ~j .s..\.;L>....JI 6JI..J1r

1- 1 .J 1 0 ; ':;1.b.. '1
.\.S';>".>u

,.(~~ ~ AJI~ Ji.:i AJt~ JS wi u~ !

.\.S"'>')U ~ 6Jbg( x)

= X6 + 4 J

f(x)

= x _6 4

~
.'
~ 1 ..J 1:..r 'j.S .:;1~~

4\

. g[j(x ) = x J l[g(x) = x .:;\ 4 \

g[J(x) = gC ~

=
,iI "

I
-,

4)

(x~ 4 )

l[g(x) =I (~ +

4)

+4

= x-4+4=x

..

". --

cr' K...;~ ~I 6J1..J1~ ~ ~..,.;i '11 'd.:-:~ I J lj..J1 ~ (,.~. ~ I 6J 1 ..J 1 .:>~1 ~I i f
.Y = x ~ I Jr- "-:-lo\lI 6JI ..J1

~I-, ~ I 4}1.l!1
..~ I

4.11,

.f-l (X) u~ 1 . 7. 3 ~I J f ( x ) 6J 1 ..ill'; ~ I ~I ~ 1

cr'K...;'1~ .bWI o~ .J~ ~) ./ (x) ~ ~ .bWI ~ ~ j .y = x ~l ~~ y...

Y = x ~ I J r- I(x) 6J1..J\ ~ ol/.j 0.Jy.a5 ~ ~ J.-" ~ .y = x ~\ J r
. (l .7.4 ~ \ )

1 .7.4~1

67

~IJIJ..I.JIJ';'~~I 1-7l.>".)..L!1

1.7.3~1

~ 14.l 1..uJ':"~

lJS.= ~ I:'! ~", l ,! , ~

<s~",i ~~l,+J
~ 4.I1..uJ

,:.,lS I'~

.~

,:,, ~ ~<s~",i ~
J.,..;.J I J~t,. ~ 4.I ,..u 1

4.I 1'':''y::i"i ~", ~7i1

.~~

~(jA~ ~

:CL
..JI ..r--\ '_ -I -t L-, ;;Jb 1<'\ 'UI \ ' _-1\ 1 - . 1 I
. -. 4J ~I;;J\
<./ .
U-- <./ -. ..r--- U - I
- 'y .

- -

(48

- : . - . (4A
_ .- - ~Y =f(Xl l

60

-40 _.

".' S(Xl!

20

2Q 40

60

I
I
I

40 :r- ~ ~

..:.>~UI .:r \) ..\.P t.!:-"\l I..) ~J ,~ ....t, J5 :r- ..;~) 16 ~ ~\1.:.; I J ~ i

~~; ;YL...:>1 ~ ....\...., J5 :r- .;~ ) 24 .)..lia 9 L...:>1 1~i ~\1.:.;J , ..:.>~ \...., 105 ~~.:r. ~ J ....\....,
.f( x) = 640 + 24(x - 40) ;;JI..J~ ~ ....\...., x JLa.. c/'.r.-\I I a.l.>-.) '"7"L>- ~J .....\...., 40.J1
. '-"'~ Ji ~ ' 0.)y;- yo
j (x )

= 640 + 24x -

f- 1 (x ) ,)

~i (a

960 ~ ;;J I..JI ~ ~

) L:-:>-Ij (x ) 6J1..J\ ~ ~ . j( x) = 24x - 320 )

4:.\1.) (j~ ~3 ~~ 6J b j(x) (j~ \.iJ , ~\l I .h>J1

..:.i~ ~ '.)l ,j.4.&J 1 ( ua:.~

t:,w ~ JA~ I ~ j?-:'

:j - 1 (x) ~3i . 0 .)~ .Y' ~ \

~':i ' "-!'..J '

j(x) = 24x - 3 20

f(l:) :r ':i-,-;y ~~

Y = 24x - 3 20

,;) .

J 1000
-3

y , _\~J:o~~

500

~;LJ I.,.J '32U"'L.<.\-:o

50

100

= 24y

I:, ! """ ',7l ' (~ I ~ ul.ot- 8 u-- ~i

, ~~ I .J 4-J 1

.J4-J '~ '

,j.4.&J ' ..,..,. t-o

~I

,,!6..o t- 48 u-- ~ i ~'I

. " """,~'t l

- 320

+ 320 = 24y

Y=

(..:.Id..J(,. ) u.-jJ l

':i "

x + 320

24

f- 1(x ) = x + 320
24

~ ~...S:.1I ;;JI..JI J

f-

(x ) J x.:r

J5 ,J~."'; bLo

( b

. ~.r.-- \II ~ \ u~ \""'.)..l.9 j - 1(x ) j....;3 , J~ )L c/' .r.--"~ \ j>-..JI x j....; ~\ 6J 1..J1.j
~L::- l~J ~..:.>~ J (j1 f- 1(x) J~J f( x ) J ~ ~ ~3.rW1.)~\.),b. (c
Y'j(x)J~ (j~ \.iJ , u ~ \...., 105 ~\l l ..w13 ..... \...., 40 Y' ~.r.-'~\ ~ I ..:.>l>-U .) .)"~ \ ..w l

J ~ Y' 3 ' [640, 2200] Y' f (x) lS..I.o (j ~ , j(40) = 640 , j (105)

= 22 00 (ji ~ J . [40, 105]

. j - 1(X) 6J1..JI

. -;~ 760

~ a.l.>-.) (jlS' t.!:-"\ J ~I ~ ~I..:.>~ UI .)..\.P ~ J\

'Cr-"\l II.i.o. .j ....\...., 45 ~ ~I (ji t,?i f - 1(760) = 760 ~ 320 = 45

(d
I

~(jA~ ~
~ b~ ' L?~ \ ~ I ),J" 65% ..:.>Lo \..rJ~ 1 ~J .J? ,1, L,;i .)I.L.. ~ ..I.o.>-"~ ~ l ~,,:i ( 5
.rJp l ) ..lia (j ~ , ~,;; ~ 1 p
l,J" 20% .rJY ~ ls:.. ~ (ji )Jj J , ~ \..:.> LOAJ J to) 1800 l.p
.j (x )

= 0 .2(0 .65 x . ~.c:- Ji ~

180 0) :6J I..JL ~ L?~ I

,0.) ~.Y'

j -1(X ) (ji ~\ (SA

~ ~'-J \ 6J \..J I.j x,j- l(x) ,J" J5u~ I~Lo (58

& L::-1 ).r.J . ..:.>.c:-J (j!f(x) ,j- 1(X) J~ ,J" J5 ~ .)~ ~L..l>- (S(

' lS~\ ~\J .c:- J l; , ~I..) '1 ~J 500..l.o.>-i ) 3 bl (SD

J'J~\~ 1~t

68

:41 ~1 4.J \..l.l1 ~ 4.Jb jSJ ~I ol; ~1 .)~I ~I ~I

( 4 J ~)

j~1 ~ ~ ,~~\ ~WI J~~ ~ ~'Ji l Jlj..l.ll \J" .J.s j..

( 1 J~ )

.'j i l , o ~ y>;- yo ~I :J1.1I1...:....;lS' 01~J.>..:J ~~I .k>J1

Y = x2

~I:--

_.

1 ".

Y = x2

(2

Y = - 4x 2 + 8 (6

Y = v.x+4 (5

Y = 1:.x 3 (8
4

Y = _ 8_ (7
x+ 2

r: ~I :J1..l.l\ ~ j l

.o~y>;- yo.r.S- ~t; ~ ~~ ~~ l~lj ' ~ ~r-Allj

(2 Jli.o

(30

f (x)

(29

= 4x 5 -

8x 4 (10 g(x ) = 3x 4

f(X) =~

<.5"" ~.)

c.r--\} I ci ~~ ) 420 o)..l..io 0

o L...o ~

t,

g (x ) = Ix

)\.:>v>..l>1

1j

( 5 J ~ ) f (x ) = 420 + 0 . 05 x :J I.J..I ~A L? .r.--1

........,;; JI..l>)l 1i.S~1

~~I :JI..l.l\ ci x , f- l (x ) \J" J5 ~ \~ lo (b

.&G:-) ).r..)

f(x)

~ <.5"" ~ L,? .lJ\ c.r--\} \ ci e:1 ~ u~ ~ -,-,:-.)1 (d

'
1_'.
ili

.)'4 l,... js- r..i o ~y>;-yo ~I :J1..l.l1 ...:....;lS' I ~) ~..l>

_I

(33

,1

~=L_:-4_

--+ .,

.--:1 i

t --' -;-- - 4 _ .~

.4 ~_ _L ,
0

II ' -

O.

, , - 1 - . .L-i-.

L_
- -

8 " .1 "
4

L. : -

(32

+-"-...

-L.- l

, -

= - 3x 2 + 5, x ~ 0

f(x ) = 4x

(21

= (x + 8)"2

+9

f (x )

(23

g ( x ) =x3 - 8,x~ 0

= x4 + 8, x ~ 0

= xx + 62

(25

2x + 6

f(x)

= 2x 3 -

g (x )

=1

6 (24

+6
X2
-

:J 1 ..l.l ~ J~~ j ~ ~ OSrJl :elk ~ ~ I:!~

I

4.<:- .r" x .) i l.r.- }.?J~ ~I;;J.;S 111 ~ f(x)

(3 J li.o

(34

= 0.5111X 2

. ~ ~ jSJ .;..J ~ ~ I

J5...s---: I ~lo .) .f(x) ;;jl..ill f- l(x) -,-,:-.)1

~ ~ u=J 1f ~l(X) 3 f (x ) LJ?I.J..II \J" ) lS' 01 ~1
~ 4) ~

~ -4
-

.
L - __

..j-.

. ~--...----l ~ --t

-8 - ,

. __
'

.
~

'-j

~WI \J" ~ GU \ ~ f(x) r f

...l>I.) il?

(a
(b

. i.S ?)\J ~ ;;j \ ~ ~

(22

g(x ) = V 4x -32

() =~
gx

-1

(20

g ( x) =X ~9

f (x)

f (x )

.--1

t j ~-~8 . .:..' ~.!-'

~
. "~_

(b

-_.

_
.

(15

(a

ci LJ?\.J..I \ \J" .Js ~

g(X) = J5 ; X

.'1~ ) 720

---,-

v8 x

l,... J5 ..) -S?~ ~ 4.Jb ~ t . g ~1..l.l 1 \J" -J.s 0; ~~ 4;

.
(3J~) :.;'4

.u -,-,:-.) 0) f (x ), f - l( x) J ~ \J" J5 ~ ~ Y} ~ 1 ~ ..l> (c

1 - J 8 y-

O~

~ 4) ~ u15~ blo j ,y -:1 ~<:...Jl ;;j1 .J..I 1-,-,:-)

.L",-,-,:-) - 'O ~ y:- .Y' f - l ex ) ;;j1.J..I I 01 ~I (a

, - --

(11

:J\.J..I~ 4.<:-L. jSJ ? h<.J~ Y ~ 4.<:- r ' ~ 1 ~.Jo"-" (19

( 2 J ~) .4.<:-L. jSJ J:-.J ~ ~\ 4.<:- r' x ~ y = 1.6x

01 L,? I . u ~ 1 ~ \J" 5% L",)..l..io;;j~ ~I

.'j i l

VX+8

hex) = x + 4 (17
3x - 5

+ 11 + [x - 41 (18

, ....d:l Lb.J (31

J:li. ~)1 "-,, I .)~

x (9

= Ix - 61 (13

f(x ) =

g(x ) = YX +3 (16

ci e:1~ U~

C/;>" ~ .i> \' 1 L! u

f(x )

- -8 -

+ 6x 2 -

f (x ) =

(12

g (x ) = -x -x 6 ( 14

u L.; )

(1

Y = 3x - 8 (3

41~~..l> s ,~I 0) .;'4l,... js- J

~-L.. -.

+ 6x + 9

Y = 4 (4

-r-r

J-. -:'0~

+ 64

16x

~I

-l(X) \J" ) lS' j;, (c

ro 0~ L,J..:s.. ~W I

(26

i:' ;J1..Ll\ ..:..; l$" b1

:j, j- 1 :r j.>:J \S..l.<J IJ J ~I ~ U ' .).,p.-"..

j(X) =~ (44
j (x)

= x2 + 9

(45

3~\' ~ }

(46

j (x ) =
j (x)

,j j,

r:

8x

+ 3 (47

2x - 6

j.. ~ ,~i 0) ,.;~ L... js ,j ~ I ;J1 ..Ll 1~ Ji

: J ~ I .)s- .) "'; ~i .?)IJ ....b-IJ ';1...b-1 \S~
j(x)

={

- 2x
j(x)

+5 ,

={ - 4x + 6
2x - 8

...r" f

~ J.~I """;;4Jl.ft":"" \

-4 2: x (48
-4 < x

,
,

<:;J 45~ ..:...:J..yj

- 5 2: x (49
- 5<x

:r J:.y-.-:ll j(x) =

~1 1

16

x + 32 ;JI..Ll1~ I;;Jt~ '::'~JJ (38

, ~~~I o).rJI 0 G:-) .).)1 ~~I o).rJ10G:-) .)

0G:-).) :.r u4y-.-:ll k(x)

= %(x + 459.67) ;J\..Ll\ ~y

.( .:.rili ) ~ I o)J.>JI 0G:- ).) .)1 ~ ~J~I 0) J.>JI

~;J\..Ll \ 0..i.A
ka>L>..:..

j..y ' 0 ?

':>U

jw \) \..y ,j- I

~ ".1 b j , j

- I

~) (a

:.r ~\5 0\ ~\ ( b

. ~'-:JI ~ WI .j ~ ~U\ .)s

,'::'''iL...::.:i1 (50

&J \' lu 50 ~ 45..,:.JI":";\5 b 1 . 0\..;.) \ uK.:J\.j..:r-:-"

.,} ..,;~ I j 4-:-JI .}""-' :r 10% o )~ ~

(37

~".11..Ll1 0..i.A

jw b\..y ,(Ie j)(x) ~)

(c

~\ o)J.>JI ~) .) ~ yli 60C o).rJ1~) .) -.::...;(5 1)) ( d

.4-\ ;.LlW \
~ . ~ l:=-o ;Jb ~ J-> ~':J I JIJ..LlI :r ;Jb

':'~lO(X.

~ ~ b1 ,=,L;~ I o.}""-' ;J:I~ j4-:-Jl.r-J r".1b -.,..-:5 1 (a

.k \}4) 50

c: ~ b 1cf-.o\J\ o.}""-' ".1:1 ...w j l.p,J\ .r-J d ".1\ .) ~I

(b

!!

' r>J \ ~ ~ I ~ b l I = r odjwo..u:. \,;~\ (c

I - I ~J ''\

-4

- 12

. ~ ( 1 0% ) ~ \

(. \: A; \"
....r .)"" 3 '

JS' J~.)s- I;"'; c:!'

:41 ~I ;J1..Ll \ ~ J i

(41

(42

(d

r>J1~ ~ I ..w j lp- ol..,:.J ~I .u.LS:J1-.::...;\5 b1 ( e

~ cf-.o\J I o.}""-' .:> ~ ~ ,\}1.cJ 760

0 _

.J

' 0~W I0 ...b-).j 4.v(j ~.rJ Of j 75 .)1o...J:, L; Cl.:.>..; 'Jl.2lji (43

:~ J li j (x ) = 8 x - 4 , g (x ) = 2x

+ 6 ..:..;l$" 1)1

(r - I og -I )(x) (51

o l~ y ...b- I} I.f }J 0

:1 I.cJ 3 J~ JA;) o \~ ~K.~ ':>\5 I )~

: .;~ W:- ~li .o...b-\}\ Of}JJ4)5 ~~).,p..) l.=> j 'J \ ~\.r-J ~ I .u.LS:JI

jw ".1b -.,..-:51

(a

(g -I oj - I ) (x) (52

~ 4::-3 ~ J5 ~ b\..y ..u.LS:J1".11..Ll ~\ ".11..Ll1 ~ J\ ( b

(f g) -I (x) (53

.4J ~I ".1 1..Ll1 J~ y ,.u.LS:J1".1b J ~.).b- ( c

ofj r(; ,o:14)305 ) Lo.j<~1 ~ I ..,:.J ~1.u.LS:J1-'::"';\5I)! ( d

(g oj) -I(X) (54

~ \ JA;.r"J I:r

= x 3 (64

f (x)
y

= I x 3 + 31(a

Y = 0.75(x

+ 1)3

f(x)

J"' . ~ ~...9j JI...9 ':> u ~ c.::.> ~ ?~ u\.:.o

(55

JS

~~ (a

~ ~~I .bJ1 J L.:.>-I J I.J..li1o.i..o. ~

(c

= Ixj

(65

Y = 12xl (a

:JI..llIc.J"J~':>Y:-...9i ~)':>Y:-...9J...r~<JY' l~ (b
.0 1) ~./~ I :iA.;?~ ~ ~ ~l ' ~...9) 1
~ J'" .~~ .:>; J I.. 9 ':> 0;},j c.::.>~ ~~ j.:.o

~~ ( c

~~')I \.h;.J\ J ~ \ J\...9..li1 o.i..o.

Y = [x - 51 (b

:JI..llIc.J"~ ':>Y:-...9i~) ':>Y:-...9J...r~<JY' I~ ( d

. ~I ) ~y;->JI :iA.;? ~ ~ ~ ~l .~.:>.rJI

Y= 13x + 11-4 (c

J.)'4 ~;;JI.;, ~ ~I J.w .k...p

-&

. ~ .:>.rJ 1 :JI..liI...9 ~ ...9)1:J1..li1.:.r"

Y = _ (2x )3 (b

:o~1 o.rAJ1

.ry<""" :JWI o.i..o. ,.) ~ ""';.r" ;; ~ ..u.:;,. u~

~j1

(1-4 V"J.J.1I)

f (x)
f(x)

= x3 -

=x4 -

2x

x, [0, 3]

(66

+ 1, [-5, 1] (67

L?"..i.J 1W ,

;;,.11.;, 4.1...9 6 ~ l.:,..t..o f:JI..llI <J15 1.:>1 I ~~ (56

~ - 1 ;;J1..li1 ~ Y ci.r-" ~
~.rJ\ :J\..lil J ~

Jy 4----"'...9 ~ -;J\ .:> .r--'J IL""...9

I ~I (57

. J ~ ~...9. ~ :Jb 4J <J~

0 l.c1J..r. .4.::1 l>- i 1~ :\.;"'\ o..> ~ 1 J'" I ~~

"~ ~b

~ f(x) =

3X ;- 5

:JI..llI ~<..J\ :Ji..li\

j....; :\.;"'1 J\...9..li1 L?"l

(68

~}~ ' f (x)

=x3 -

ax

0--0> ~ ~b J..>:- y."

+ 8, f- 1 (23) = 3 c.:...j 15 1.:>1

2x+ SA

_ 3x

+5 B

~...9 ,~~\ .bJ1 J ~ I ~ f(x) :JI.:> ~ y

~..........;; ,.:. . (~I.J xlim

f(x)
---.oo
~

g(x) = 2x

+5

r~ (59
.a ~

() = - 3
gx
g ( x)

(58

J'"

I ~~ (60

= 0 , x ---+lim-oo f(x) = 0 ~ .:> L...JI

D
() = -2x-S
gx
3

;;JI.;, J~ ~...91 ~

,1

g, g

l~j1 , :i.;~ 1 J I...9..liI.:.r" i:j j ~

(1-6V"J.J.1 I)

:~?I

= x2 - 9
g(x ) = x + 4

f(x)
c..F...9j .:>~ m

+ /12

(I

4 Jy~ I~ m2 +n2 (II

4 Jy~ \~( m

+ n )2

= ~x - 7
g(x ) = x + 6

f(x)

( III

~.rJ-4lS

..bAH

0 ~ ~ II...9 1

<J~ ~ III...9 1

(61

(62

;;JI.;,JS ~~}o~1 ( i ~l) ~)I ;;JI..UI~~I

(I-S->,,)...l.!I) : .)4 L.... ~ ~ ~/

f(x)

= x 2 (63

Y = (0.2x)2

(a

Y = (x - 5)2 - 2 (b

Y = 3x 2 + 6 ( c

J.;~~

JLAi:i1 r..u::

110 ...... ) ""~ ;;~ I~ I

r29 ..... , AJIj>U

d 1 .- 1

;;~ljAJ

(1 -I""'J..L1I) JIJ..L1 1

(32 ....) ~~ IJ=4:'JI~~"",~

~- , ;; -'o' I~1

,37

(13

137 ~"' I ~L:U.4J '

,37 _...)
, 3 9 . ~""

1.4 1 ,.", )

(13._ ,

~.r-JI~I

11 4 ._ )

, <.S~I

139 ._

1 <.S~I

(20 ..... , JJ ~ I

(21 ._ 1

J.P ,j:.l4::J1

J.P ,j:.l4::J1

(2 1 ..oj

\41 ..... , thWI

(47 ..... ' (r :tl) ~~I AJI..Ll1

1SO

~~I~I

. ~ I .> I~ '-:! I , ~ I .> I ~'-:! I ,;,....:... , 0 1 1

~~....,. I-'~4J~~~JS~..,.;~~c.r' AJ I..u 1

,:,~:i l

;23 ..... 1 ~~ I

AJ I..u1

,23 ,__ I

AJI..Ll1

128 .""

~,~ I

. ~I .u

120 ._, JlA...>~1

~1J..u..o.h..~

(49 ._ ,

~I~'-:! I , ~ I ~ ~ I~'-:! I , ~ , ~ '~'-:! I : ~

~~I;;,~ AJI..Ll1

1 ~1

139

~ 1~1~'-:!I4.c~0-AkJ~ I~...P.-J lulc~ 1

{13 .... , ~ ' ~ '

~WI

139

..,.. 1 AJI..LlljAJ

. ~iy-l I ~ I .)L;-> I 4..l b L? i ~ ~

(1-2 V"J..L1I) ~~~IJ JIJ..I.U ~~I ~~t ~

, x .)~ ,.,, ' , y .)~ , J~ Al:;~ u~10~ ~

.J...o '-:! 1 "-b.<ij J i
~~..,...;JI4..l I...uI." ,

~ IAJ I..Ll 1

y .)~I J~ Al:;~ 4.iiJ i 4..l 1...u 1

.J...o '-:! I "-b.<ij J~ Al:; ~

~~l+'ltJ ~~I ~I ~jb .!J~J JL...:.:i".ll' 1

._ , V"lS..&:J:i I

( 1- 3 V"J..L1t)
,51 .....!

,58 ,__,

{28 ...... ,

~ I,~~

,64 ._1

~ ' AJ I..Ll '

~~ IAJ I..Ll 1

~ 1~AJ I..Ll 1

(28 ..... , ~4:>.w I JLAi:i l r..u::

~ I il~ 1

(64 . _)

,65 ...... ,

, ~I

(28

' 1$j44J IJLAi:i 1r..u::

(28

, ~IJLAi:i lr..u::

lA~ L 0..1.>'." ~ 0-A ,:,~ j(x) 4..l 1...u 1~.;:.:,\5 I:'!

lA~ j(x) ~4-=> 0!J~ ,~ I 0-A c 0-A x ':'~

. x-+c
lim j (x) = L
."i '~ 4-=> ~ ~ JL..a:i~ I ~~

~."
.

. L LG."L....:i
c 0-A x '-'~
.

t":'." , ~ ~ 4..l1 ...u10~ ~

.4..l1 j>t!

;29 ...., AJlj>U J.;W IJLAi:i 1r..u::

J.:~

J'

' L?~

( 1- 4 ""'J ..L1 I ) ~IJ~.h..u~JIS~I~1

1.!.U1~~~1

. ~ u l~ ~ ~b Ji ~ lUA.,, 'I~ ..I:;Ij.:4A LA l4..lI...u'0~

, ~ l>- ...:,..; \S I ~ L" , ~ l>- Ji ~ <-it.. ko ~ J5' ...:,..;15 I~l \.0 ~i>.

LG~ ,." ,~ '~ I~ILG~I~ I~

,~ ~

J> .h.> ~ ~Io ~.,...wl J~ u

.L.. U. c) ~ I~ IJ I~ 4J~
,;J,j;J\

Jy> 180 L.. ] '-3'>:;

0

. ~ I LG~I." , ~ I ~ IJ , ~ I

~.\.b;.;

c) .ru- j5J '.lIJJ\.:.r.:N

J o'-'-

o~L.1.J~~~~'J-U.AJo.....~~

(1

rn sec

~~1 0~1 (2

.Y )~ I J r: ~l,;.., ~ '.lIJJI (5

.~ L:..:.. 1J I ~ ~ x ~ --4 1' ; l: ~ ~\.:..::; c;J lj (x ) '.lIJJI (6

. ~''j ' .h>JI .J~ \ 4:...L:..J\ '.lIJJ\ ~ (9

4J ~L:..J\ '.lIJJ\

-X

: ( ~ ,-:!, ) ~y-lI4..l I...u 1 ~ ~4 1 u~~ 1 ~

. , .......:;J I , V" l5:"U ~ 1

(10

, '-:' I...........:> ~ I

(1-6 V")..L1I) v::al~ ~..,.:iJ JIJ..L11 ~ ~~l

F ~b L?i ~y3." ' ~J ' ':'~'" 'r~J' ~ J...o~ 0 !

. o,",:!~

(7

. ~ Jy> if-.o~ 1 ~ J.r" 0Jr.y ;)~~ ~ I ~L>.......;I (8

.",\.J L..; ly?'-"

(1-5V"J...1lI)

(3

. ~\.hi; I ) ~~ ;.L,a;.JI '.lIJJI ~ ~ ~ (4

' ~ c.S/--o Ji ~ ~ ~ '.l IJJ' S~ I r- I ~

! (x 1 )

~~t ~~~IJ (~~I) ~yt OUt...1l1

. ~ ~ ~i5 J..L;j

.<JL..; ;;J,.,A; "' ~A I '.lUll

! (x 2)

J'J'

( 1- 7 ..,..J-111) ~I JIJ...1lIJ ~~~I

l+kA~J I:'! LGy.>~ ~ A , B ~~ '0-A Js 0~

LGy.>'-:! 1~ (a,

I :' .I ~J

b) ~~ A.J~ w l..l.> !~ (b, a ) ~."

1:'1
'~~
, LG~

j, j -1.
, ~I I...u, 0"'"
......
<1(' A("
v::-ur
1
. j U- (x )]
x,/-1[ j( X)]
x 0 lS

( 10- T7'::'~' ) J I-,..1t 1

II
I

Y.)1'-,-Jc J-

,",",X '"'~ '

I
I

~~H~L...h'

~~~;a ')~ '~.

y' - 8 = x
y 2

=X +8

yx+ 8
1 .:r ;.5l x ~ ~ J5 0\j ~ X ~I J ;J b ~ 'J y , 4j )\..j l o~ -'

y=

I
I
I
I
I

I
I
I

;Jb

Y -=...i1S I~ ! L.

.) .A;>-

y3 -x =4 (12
_ . _- . ~

__.

, ~~ L.... ~~ (..lIS J
3x - 2y = 18 (11

(14

(13

.r ,

'-::' I

11

13

=-

3x 2

+X

I
I

11

I
I

I
I

Y r .:r ~ ~~ -8

.g (2) ~ )i.; , g (x )

f( - 3x ) (16

6 -=...i1S I~ !

f( 5) (15

: ~~ I JI ) .l.JI .:r ;Jb (..lIS J ~ ~)I

= Y 6x - 3
vex) = _ x _
2

g(x)

g(2) = - 3(2)2 + 2 - 6

l
~

:'J i l x J

, ~ r\ x.) ",, J'-iy .;.;1S "1~ ,b- y' - 8 = x ;;>WI.)

= -1 2

-- -- -

f (x ). = x 3

I.

1-8

Iz(a)

(20

-.~

=_

5_

(19

a+5

1.

f( x ) = x 2

f (0) ~31 , y ~ \ .) ~y
-

8 . 02

-4

_ 8~
- .

: ~~ L....;Jb jSJ .;Li...o\'I) , y ~1 ~)\

I~...w l

f( O) = 0 3

:-3 Q _ 4
-

-8

. 0,2, 6

(17

~ ~..H~ I

.r ~) 3~ ( ;JI.l.J1) ";...01) x e:b LW I

+1

ri .l.ll).~.""I ) y ~ .)~)I

r.f (X)~ 01 ~\.:r~

y ~I 0 ~ Ii] ~ (O, 0) ~ Y .;~I
.o,

-4

17x

8x 2 + 12x ;J1..ill Jyl ~I ~I

--,

= 5x 2 -

. ~~ ~I ol.<> ~)I
0;-:-:---:.----

+ 2 - 6 = - 16

(18 f(x)

f( x ) =

+ 12 . a = a

= 4x f (x) = x 3 -

6x - 27 (24

~- 1

f(x)

(26

(23

16x (25

.;JI .l.J I.; Li...o I .) ~y x J-o\~ I.)! ;J \ .l.J ~ ~~ \ .hl...J\ ull>

a = x(x
__

__

8x

+ 12)

= x (x - 2) (x - 6)
. 0, 2, 6 if' f .\.JlJ.J l.;Li...o\

__

--L

---

I
-_/

- - - - - - - - - - -----== =::
4JU-A
. x = O,x = 4 ~ :u...a.:...f(x)

= _1_;;,]U.lI-.:;,...;\5'
I ~I \.. J~
x-4
.

:u...a.:... ~ ;;,]l..ul-.:;,...;\5' l ~ lJ .JL.,a.;'j 1)l..:.>-I

Jk..;;.,.,L. &\.;..1
.
. . ).r.J
. ;;'] I~ )IJ

Jf.J . \h.....J1

x ~ ~ :u...a.:... ..;\ L..." ;;']b J$' -':;"";\5' b l \.. J~

tf ~:u...a.:... ~ ;;,]1..l.J1-.:;,...;\5' 1 ~ 1J .J L.,a.;'j 1) ~ I Jk..;;.,.,~ ~~l

. ;;']I~)IJ Jt; ,-?jj 'J~'j JL.,a.;'j1 i~

Jt; ,-? jj ,~~'j :Jl.,aj'j l i~ tf J..I.>J

- 0.25 i f &.lll ~ ~";;::;J ' 0..l.:.Y ~ /-" f -.!..lJ.il 'f(O)

=4

(27

- 4rx

=1

(28

x: 7 ' x= 0 , x= 7

(29

=~
,x =2 , x =4
x - 4

(30

j(x)

0.25

j(x)

. ifx ,-;-,~\....l.:.Y
-0.1

- 0.01

0.01

0.1

-0.244

-0.249

-0.25

-0.251

- 0.25 6

j (x ) =
j(x)

:u...a.:... f(x) 0~ lim f(x) = - 0.25 , f(O) = -0.25 0i L...,

x-> O
.
. x = 0..l.:.Y
.r J 4 ..l.:.Y :u...a.:... ~ j 0~ x = 4..l.:.Y ~ .r- ..d- j 0i L...,

j()
x

={

= xl

= V2x

3x - 1

3x

<1
r

2x,

x;:::l

=1

(31

.<-!~ 'j J l.,aj! i ~

:;;,] 1.ill ..;l::J1~I uk..;;.,.,\

f(x)
-2 x 4 - 5 x + 1

.";l::J1~I .j):> j.,L ~ .,J

. j( x) ~ ~ \

f( x) ->
f(x ) --> -

- 00 0 ~
00 0~

,x

, x

-> 00

-> -00

\....l.:.Y
\.. ..l.:.Y

--------- - --'--- - - - - - - -

...~---

,...-._---

- - ---- ---_.-==~

- - - - -
6Jli..A

~l .u~~1 fl.u:.l f ~ x )

r-"

4x ;;,]1.ill..;l::J 1~I J-:--I

. ~\,; JI :i...,a;~ JI.~ I? ;;,]1..l.J1 ~ 0~ ~I .~ J 0.5 ,-;-,)1
. ~ j ~J ,;;,] I.ill -S.".....uJ1~I .~ J 0.5 '-;-'} 1 ~l)..l.i

1-: -;--:18 y
. .

!..

'-l~

= x3 -

~l ul.rAJlfl.u:.l ~~I ~1..l.Jl i f jSJ .;l::J 1~I J-:--I

~ . ~ I,; J1 :i...,a;L. Ji .J.:\? ;;,]1..l.J1 ~ 0p.; .?I.~J 0.5 ~}1

.~ y ~J ,;;,]I.ill-S~I ~I.~~ 0.5 ,-;-,}1 ~i)..l.i

.. -

,( -

00,

- -

(35

- 1) .rAJ!.) oJ.:l? ;;,]\..0 1

. J.:I? J , ( - 1, 1) o.rAJ! .)

~L.J

~ ~ ~

4.!1 .ill

. (1, - 3) ..l.:.Y ~ L5 ..r~"" ~J

t-r -

i,

-j (34

I
- -~-l
'

~ ~-~. ~ - - ~ I ~

. (1, (0) o.rAJ1.)

, (- 1, 3) ..l.:.Y

- - .... if-, _

-j
t

I-

-8

~--'--'-

:.\h.....J1 .rAJ1 .j ~~ I ~1..l.J1 i f jSJ ~I J .v.... .h..." ~ ~ J1

j(x)

= _x 3 + 3 x + 1, [0,2]

f(x)

= x l + 2x + 5,

(36

[- 5, 3] (37

J~~I~ 1~'

74

(--- - - - - -

, g (x )
-I x - 31 + 7 dJ l..LlJ f(x) (r\l l) ~ )ldJ l..JI..l.::-.,,1
.-,>-1." .)1-'>-1 l.S..f-" ..) ~ ,..; , . -II..JI ~ . .ij')W1 .

.
I
...
I :-_-.- _-: 8 y _.
-

<,>- - ~

<...J"::--'

g(x)

= Ixl ...,.,
.;JI..JI ~ o-s .;J 1.:u1

~ ~ f(x )

'x .J~ I

--~

.-,>-1." .)1-'>-) l.S..f-"

<.....Jl-,t:>J

g(x) --:1 ((,' 1) ~) I dJl..J1

- -.

~; ,.;~ L..... JS' J g( x) dJ l..LlJ I(x) (r\II ) ~)I dJ l..JI..l.::-.,,1

(x - 6)2 5 (39

g( x) = i[x ]

Jy- crK,..;~

~ ,.;~ L..... vlS J

0 1-'>-.J 3 o) ..l.li..o '-::-'~ [ J

J 4G.. ~ , ~ I ..J I ~ ~ .ij')W1

+3

g (x)

+ 7)

2(x

(38

(40

vx ,g (x ) ~I..J I ,:.r:~ .ij')W1....A....:>

I (x ) =

.g(x) dJ l..J1dJ~L..... ~ I
(43

. ~\ -Jl 0 1-'>- J 7

--- j - - - -

- - -- - - -

+2

g( x) =

(41

o)..l.li..o ,-:-,~ I J , ~ I -J l

- - --------

= VX

-- -

(42

- - - ------ - - ..l.::-) . i ' f (x )

dJl..J\

= x3 -

J~ ~\ ~ , if + g)(x), (f -

1 , g (x )

= x + 7...:.....its-1';1

(~) (X;

g )(x) , (f. g )(x) ,

. ~ l:J 1

if + g)(x)

+ g( x)
= (x 3 - 1) + (x + 7)
= x3 + X + 6
.(x I x E R ) r if + g )(x ) J ~

if -

g )(x )

= I(x )

=I(x) - g (x )
= (x 3 - 1) - (x + 7)
=x 3 - X - 8

.{x I x E R}

r if -

= x 4 + 7x 3 - X - 7
. Ix I x E R ) r (f g )(x ) J ~

I
\

= I(x)
(L)(x)
g
g(x)
. [x I x

=1=

-7, x E R} r

= 4x 2 - 1
g (x) = 5x - 1
I(x)

g (x)

x - 1

(f)

J~

x+7

(x )

g (x)

=~
=~
x

+3
= 2x 2 + 4x

I (x)
f o g ..l.::-J\ ~
I(x)

[g 0 f Hx) , [1 0 g](2)..l.::-.,,\

= 6x -

+ 2x + 8 , g( x) =

=x

(46

3x

8 (48

x - 5 (49

+ 4 , g(x) = x 2

(50

'r) I ';) ~~ :i: \ k.a:.. f o g J ~ ~1

=~

g(x )

- 6

I (x)

I (x) = 4x - 11, g( x) = 2x 2
I (x) = x

(44

= x 3 - 2x 2 + 5
g (x ) = 4x 2 - 3

(47

JI."..JI ( f ~I~ jSJ [1 0 g ](x ),

if g )(x), ( ~) (x) ..l.::-",1

I(x) = x

(45

I(x)

I
:~~ I

g )(x ),

. ~l:J l dJ l ..J 1 J ~ ~I ~ ..;~ L...; fix) , g (x)

g)(x) J ~

if g )(x ) =I(x ) g( x )
= (x 3 - l)(x + 7)

II
I
I

~I..JI ( f jSJ (I + g )(x ), (f -

(52

I (x)
g(x)

= _x -3
1_

= 2x -

(51

I
I'

.- - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - -
9JIiA
.y
~~ ~ ~ <x

= y3 -

= X3 -

J 4--~ j

9 6Jl..llI ..r~ 6J,)w ~ji

9 6J,)WI ..P-

y = -4x + 8 (54

. y.)l

x = y3 - 9

=l

= 1x + 9 r

f (x ) = x 3

6J1..ll1..r ~':>I ,:?I

(56

- 4) 2

(53

= 2yx + 3

(55

j..

f (x ) = [r ] + 6 (57

(58

= x3 -

3
f (x) = - -x+6

4x 2 (60

(59

.1..------- _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - "

-------

W./' .:.>'1 La; '1\ .:.>l5r- lSJ.;>-l....:,....ob

~ '1 ~ cjll ...Jl..l,;'1\ ~ ~ 0\'; ~ 1 Jj~ \.j:::-!. ,('..L5 :i,>S (64

."-:J.? rlY'

(1 - 4""'';",1.11)

= (x

. ~ i i 1Jb~ ..r~I .:>15

f(x)

= x1 -

I ~ ! \.. r.=>lj < ~ LJ I ~ W \ J k..:,....,~ ~':J \ J lj..llil/ 6Jb J5

\!7+9 = y
.y

~ J.:- ~ <.j~ k. 6Jb J5 .r~ ~ jl

' ~ JI ~~ I i.S~1

J-=..:l x , Y .jK. J~

x+9

6JI..ll1

1428

1427

1426

1425

1424

42

42

23

36

, AJ~ I --'Li I.w 1 (61

. ~I J ...;~J 40 ~?I ~ ..l; ~ 6J~I ......:.; I~ \ ..P

J)l;. ~ I ..l.>S ~~ "-: ).~ .:.>WK. ~ ~ 500 ~lb ~)

.~ ,) 500 ..P- ..l;; "-:).~ ~,)

J5 ,y- J L-J 0.2 ~~.-3 <~ I

( 1- 1 V",;...u l)

lS~ ~ ....... 1426i~ ...JI..u 'i I,)~ ~ I ~W e:!'J

(a

~...\.4 "-:).~ .:.>WK. .I.r.-)' "-:.;~ I ~ p(x) 6J\..ll1 ~\ (a

.W

.~

<~ ,) 4S0~..l.o "-:).~ .:.>WK. lS.r.-11 ~1 ~.r--- ~~ rS

J 1428 L('~ ~ ...J 1..u<'1I ~..vJ ~I J ..w .h....- yo.:>l5 b! (b

i~ ~)\.J I ~~..u ~ 'i~ j.s:.J ...J l...l",I S ':?J L..-,

1431

1431

....:Y

r ) ..0...> .:> l5J <-.j .r.-;;'; I..> ..P- l / 9-;\ ~ L(' ~

<.jI;:JLl/)1 t~ . vet)

= V (9.81) 2 + 49 : 6J I ..ll ~ ~

JJI J)l;. 4.Y.,..-J\ 6Jb ~ J.:- .~~ j-<J?L 4.Y.,..-JI v (t )

( 1 S ...... ) ...u l)

. ~IL('J l/ .:> 1; 6

.JluSOO 0 ';;)'1 ~r- ~':>l5 b 1 'a.:J1A ~~ (66

~.:r 10%

..w

r->- :.)l:l\ J'.rJI .:.>l5~I lS~! "":""'ob J

( 1 7 V"')...ul) .t;] A.; r

2.54,:?JL;

i..oYo 1.:>1 .;.5.i:;

~.rJ\ ..::..>l.", .r.JI l / ~ ~L. Jo~ A (x) 6Jb

( I 2 V"',J...uI)

. ~.rl I .:.> L..., yJl

Jl

_ I

,2 ~~ l-+ ~I I I I
l

"'l.,

10 5

.:J'

"
~

I I

"

1 2 3 4 56 7
... 1424 .:w

':'I~I

....... 1428 ;;,;..,.. ~ I J>- ,) Job (a

(a

~.rJ1 .:.>1y..:;...J1l/ u~ ~L. Jo~ A - l ex) ..!;:-."i (b

....... 1431 .)1....... 1425 i~ l / o,;Al1

I '-"' ~ (67

0 \

(c

1E~
.I--'--L-J--~
l-i
.
::j 40

.~

. ~ .rJ I .:.>1y..:;...JI.)l

j.

~ ~ ~ ,:?.i.J \ J>-..lll 0\.; ,)1.jLJI ~ I.j:::-!. ' J ~ i (62

~~I ~.:>~ rS . ~ ..l:s- '1 ~ J 20 J ~~I

(l - 6V"'.;...u 1)

(b

(w,)SSO

. ~~ p(x) 6J1..ll1

'I:~ (65

,) X

. J ~J 100000 0)..0...> )\.:;.,) ~\ ~ ~ cjl\ wi Job (b

U""lA;.:.>l5rJI lSJ.;>-l..}.l)J ~ cr" .:.>\.,,:.-- 5..L...: , ~ IJ.) (63

~ cjl\ 6J1..ll1 ~ . ~~ J~J 1500 ~)..0...> ~I J..P- ~ ,) lU

( 1- 3 V",;...u l)

& G:-1J..r. ~.i..L.a.:,... ~ iLi..La.:...l)) ~ IJ

u.~ 0.; .j\ ..;.,lrAJl J:!JA:J ~~I ~I.J.JI,y JS ~ ~ I

.oJ.>.) 0.5 ,-:-,}I Jl ~L:.:..)I o~l? ~I.J.JI

:x

J ~b ~ Y -.:;...;\5 I ~l L.)J.>. '.i4 k. jj~ JS J

(2
x = v? - 5 (1
Y = ~(3

J:l;;.., ..;.,':1 \u 3

&

o lj l.;-lJ -......i.iy> ~~ , ':' IJ ~ .....d,.. (4

q ; '..;.,~ \......,. .,;.; ~ J y\1 4.YU \ ,y ;? yl4.Y\""'" J5

.415 o..l<JI y ':1\'...; 15 ~ ~ .,; ~ , ..;., ~ \......, .,;.;')tJl y

o..l<J \ ";")\ j

~\l1 Jly.J.Jl

t.?l .:l.J.a:iA WAJL;:i.>'

(16

~jy~\ ~~ \~I~

. ..;.,~ U I i f x o.L Ojl:-- .....9}y 4A.L<:; ~ c(x) ;;J \) ~\ ( a

f (x) = Ix - 41- 3 A

.c(2.5) ~) ( b
, ~ ~ l j.r.Y

f(x) = [r - 41 + 3 B
f (x ) = Ix + 4\ - 3

:u.1..L<> J .\.;)1 ~I ~1 ..Ll1,y

f (x) = [x + 4/ + 3 0

y.o ~ , g (x) = -

(x

+ 3)3 uuu f(X)(i \11) ~)I ~I.J.JI <.J:?

,c(x ) ;;JI.J.J I J~ ~ ( c
~b JS J~ )J.>.

(6
(17

. ~ ~ g (x) ;;JI.J.JI
.l.._

-4

,y ~b

JS ~)l.;

, g (x ) = x - 36 ,f(x) = x - 6 -.:;...;\5 I~l

(18

[ g 0 J](x) (19

f (x) = x 3 + 4x 2 + 3x (8

f(x)

= 4x 2 - 8x -

.F

~ ~;

<fl\~)~ Iy .oJ .::>J \ ~

j )

(a

f ~b ~ yl

(b

_y2

"

.~l j;U J:G ',-?jj

'..;1+ 'J

77

", ,J~

J.>- )y} "-:i )J,;.. J

+3
f (x) = xx-8

(22

f (x)

= (x

f(x ) = x 2 - 16

(24

f(x)

= V4

,.~"'1I J ~ I 1 J.-"z11

x (23

:J L.,a.;'J1i~ U)~ ,~

2x

f(x)

'"~ J 1

2)3 (21

= -4x

9 -x ,

\./4 k. JS ..) ':1 ii U""'~ f~l.ill 0\5 J ~) ~

"

-.:;...;\5 b lJ 'x = 3 ~ ~ ~~I ~1..Ll1,y JS -.:;...;15 \ ~l L.)J,;..

f (X) = {
')~J ~l> ,.h

=2
x 3y = 8
yx

Y = Ixl (

= tC +" 32 </' F ~ ~A..Jly C "-:hJI

, C = [J 0 g] (F) 0 ~ ~ g y

U""'LjJ

. F -F:....J ~ ~ \..\5 C ~ \

12 (7

h j~ 1 Jy-- "-.GL...:. ~'J \ ..;.,L;)W \ lSI .:l.J.a:iA WA )L;:i.>1 (9

C"-:hJl ";" ~j .J.J I ~ W IJy ) ~ ~ ,3JI.J1 ~J.:l (20

)

L...!

1.

: ~~I ~I.J.J I ,y ;;Jb ~ ) A."",\! IJ Y &-WI ~ JI

_ x2
o).rJI ..;.,~ j

- -L..,- _. ,
~

. 4J ~ ~JI ~ , ~~ I ~I..UI

(~) (X)

+ _I_

,_+-- . - 8

..

.,..

:[ - 2, 6] orAJl

rJ-

x <3 (10
x ;=:: 3
x - 3 (11

x2

J ~~ I ~1..Ll 1,y ~b ~ ~I J..w.h.....p ~JI

f(x)

= VX+3

(13

f(x)

= _x 4 + 3x

(12

":'I~ J I-" ~ ':""'J'

. ~4-! 43~p-3-,

,-,.u..l l

~~I JI-,...JI ~~',

~Jl.:>.,.t..II-,

~~I JI-,...J1 ~i

..4-! ~Jl.:>y.JI-,
J~~ J-l1......A J.>',
~~ IJI-,...J'
'2 ~':Ul.:>y.JI-,

":'L:.:1~-,,,:,"1,l....o J.>',
' ;' 2

~'}Jl.:>.,J.J

,,-i

j'.,.wl~~ '''~
lb~J I ,,:,~~~ 'J

~cll;~-, ,~-,
~~I-,~~j..;.o1.Il~

~w.:;.J .u.~.J . ~ l,;> ~ '.J

":'IJ~~ !~I"oU

~~-, .A;Jk~~J
~~J ..,.wl'p'" J..>AJlloU

' j'~ "=~ ll.a ":'1,

.,,:,L..-,.~';"II-, ..,.y " L:..J I

,~~I~-, ,":'I~I.J
~.J , ~ ~ ,

j'L....4:>I.J

,,:,1j.6J'.J .~ k ~ l.J ,..Ll.L1l 1

' ~J~ I

..,.:;s'

~'- 3.1;&

J.J> AJl~ ~ WlA

~~I J'.J...J '.J ":'lA~ 1

~ 4:.:; ~ . ~J l.:> y.J I-'

. J..>AJ I l;u. ~ ~

u~ l 0-"

...ut..u w~ ~ I.l.l ~

.) I~":JI ~

.-.....a.,. L...JI

d dornai n)

J~t

1~~1

. ~ ~ I ~ ~ 1 ~.roJ l rl";W X u l,.WI ~ ?, 1 A.e~

(range) .s.M!1
. ~ ~ \ ~ ~I ~.roJ1 r\";:W y u l,.W I ~ ?, 1 A.e~

(function) 4!1.JJ1

:1;...;...0 ~ " l...: 'J ..:...I~I .:r ~ ,)

w..fA.. ci~ k" o..J ~ J5" ~

~~~I.j~J~\~~JS~~J:'~~

a4a30 5 (1

. -S ~ 1

(2xy3 Z 2) 3 (2
I

(end behaviour)

~1.:!-:11 ~t ~~

- 24.rSy-'z

..!J.,.t....

16x2y8z 6

A.,,~':iW I

- -- LA ....:..o i.T L...JI!

~
u-" X U. 'j-'-4J
- . (X ) ~I.l.l
,

. ( x -+

- 00)

~ ~ ':i LA ..,.JL.u.ji (x -+

,":,jlZll ~

(asymptote)

Sr2n

+ 00)

.~~ I4J I..u 1 ~ <G.A '-:'~ ~

t3611

3/

(3

(4

~ .il::5J1~ <:'\.; ~~ -.;L:SJ I ~;.J I ~~ (5

,7.5 x 103g ~ a::s....:-;\5 I ~ ~ . ~ I
~cil:5 W , 1.5 x 103c m 3 ~ J

~~I 4!1.JJ1

,(one-to-one function)

t.-. ~ . ~1...b>
~. -':! ':i 1.$1 ~ ~~
I ,h;.J 1 Jl..W-1
- - - 4Jb
c--=
_
_
.
""""'"'
~
. ~ 0-" ~i ~ 4J1..u1~

(inverse function)

~ I 4!1-U1

\:' !~.j I:' ! ' -s.."..>W ~ 4Jb! , ! -l ~1..u10-" JS w~

: ci~ k" ;;,]b J5" .r~ ~ ,,1

f(x)

=x -

3 (7

f (x) = ~ x - 3 (9

y =~ X +4 (11

f (x) = 2x

+ 5 (6

f (x ) = - 4 x (8

f(x) = x ; 1 (10

:wlk~l~

.!<t - 1(x

= x ,!

- l (! (X

,....--/('1---"'0

0 (X)"--O
f JL:---

=x

f LS..l.A

---f- '

f -I LS..l.A

f -I JL:--

(continuous function)

1.$1 ~ u l~ \ .j'1uld..bA:l':iI0-"

lA.\..:...:..,.;..

c:t''' .'J i 1'<.S ?

~ ~ ;;,]b ci~ k" .r.Jb J5" ..:...,; \S I ~ l ~ ..I.:>

: ~ ~l

f (x) = 2x

+5

(13

g(x) = 2 x - 5

f (x ) = x - 6 (12
g (x) =

x+6

~ w.1JS~J, "::"~ lu 4~ l o J.,h.;~ Il"LW (14

UIS:; ~ f(x ) = 0.5 x

+ 4 ;;j1..l!1..:...,;\S 1~ 1' J 4..J 0.5 4}>:

~ r: .j - l(x) ~ J'l.; ,..::" l> w.)'1 cr" x 4-:J! ~ w.., o~ 1

. ~ I ~ L.

~ I 4!1.JJ1

~ ~ 1 4J 1..u1 ~

..w.".J ~ wi w.j~ lA.\..:...:..,.;.. ~ ~ 1J:'~ ~

www.obeikaneducation.com

eroll .)s-

~l.J,1 ~ a:.....i

WLu 4,,4
..

.....

,"'If

ft:i t J t 4 ~ t J.:L..4-3
J

..

Graphing Exponential Functions

-' . ~
!.''4:f!!J
-~

'JI '::ilWr
__
~t
~

.)1.JL. ) 1o ~\.y l4J l ~

Jr <.J1\ ~..r. \,;, Yo ~\ J-"

':' 1.#

.J....,;I I ~ l-! ~ <J"'l>..,.;.\ 5

l .u .:; ~ ..:.r..iJ1~ ~ ~b T--' d.>..s::.,., J L.) )I \ ~\J ..:.r..r--\
<J"' l>..,.;.\ 5 .)1-'1

i f ~ J5

fJ ~~ t!2J

. ~\ 1 ~ ~ ~ jI ~.)\
y....;x ~ , ~yJ ll.iA~y

J I~ ~ ~ ..:.....J~
..l~:"~ ..uoJ I

LY:.:~I ~ I J I~~ j....i

= 5 x ;;.bW\J ~\ ~

. . ~

J~~ I JI~ ~ j.... i

.JL.))I\ o ~ \.y 10 1 .r" ~~

. ~~ ~~ I

~\ ~I Y' i f \lI J ,~ ~ ~ ~ i fL. \1\ ~ ,y

= 5 x o).raJ1 ~ c.2 1.;J IJJI ~

. ~"i , .,..;J 1

~:"IAJI-..J I

. b > 1 ~ ,f (x) = b o).raJ1 ~ ~ -;1 \~~, ~1 .;J b Y' ~ \1\ j lJJJI eyl ..b-IJ , ~~ I ;;jIJJ~

exponential funct ion

. ~I ,-;-,) \Z.b:- ~ Yo 4_:_.:'11.;JI..ill.j~\ ~1 c)J

~ '~I ~ I

. o ~ \ .? .;Jb f(x),:; ~ ~.iJJ ,x ~ 0 ~ l j ws ~ \~ .; f(x) ~.:;\ .b-)\; ~ ..i5

expon ential growth

~ 1J.A~

growth factor
~'~IJ ~ ~ I

I (x )

I (x ) = b" ,
b 1

exponential decay
J ~ ~I J.A ~

(R )~ I ~ 1""",~ I4.c~

decay factor

(R +)~y>J 1 ~ I ~ 1""",~ I4.c~

www.obeikaneducation.com

X .)~I

WLu
"i I .,-
~ t I J I J .).1
.":
_ _. (,;1"""
v=-
. \.l. I ...\.4J 4J~ ~ ..b-J ,? ~ y

.~ .;JIJJ\ j. _.

- 14 J'
-

- 3

.blA.:.J \ ~ J ,~ JJ~ 0
_.!.

- 2

.. 10
8 6 4 "

-2

CI'

= -l.
27

-- .!.9

31 = 3

3 2 = V 27

_ .! V3
3 2= _
3

3 = 1

2
1

12
-

= 3 x;;J IJJI j..

32 = 9

.(R+) ~ yJ l ~ \ ~ \ ~ \l 16.>:-.Y0-" Y' <..>..w IJ ,(R) ~ I ~ I ~ \11 6.>:-.Y0-" r J ~ I

~l.J.A~
, ~ Y = 4X .;JIJJI j... (l

.LA 1...\.4 J

4J~ ~..b- J

cjl\ u~r:JI

~ ~y ' (i

'm ~) l ~..:;}I dJl..U! -JLJI ~I r

f(x)

dJl..U! -JLJI ~I

=b

-.a,..:;}l J ly..U! ciLJ 1~I ~ ~L. 4::..... J :>

~i~I
.)'llh
.
~1..,..l ! ~...I.>.9h .)I~A>.lj l ' ~jA h w:, LH' l

.) L...,:J I ..,..l! ~ ...I.> .9 1 h I .) I ~ A>. lj l , ~ L.. h

w.:,LS I ~ !

,,~".iIJ ~I

y = k .)~I J.j> ~ c,?~ 1 ~ 1 0\1l , a <

0 w.:,LS I ~!

.G....i
. L..J I v-::--""
'. , .c t lu.~ d a I > lw.:,LS I ~I.

.) ~ ~ _.
.G....i
_ . ~ L..J
" . el l u. ~
.J ~
I v-::--""
. ,o < I a I < 1 w.:,LS I ~ \.

:~I..lo.J

' 4Jlo:--o:>...I.>.J ,~ ~,;~ L.... dJl;,

= 2x + 1

y
. ~'J \ .) 1 o...l.>ly o..l>- s y

=2

(i'J\) ~)1 dJI..u1 ~ ~ l j14.bL...J1

E3
-3
-2
-1
0

1
2
3

!y I y > I} r

~-

....

+1=
2
2- + 1 =
2- 1 + 1 =
2 + 1 =
21 + 1 =
22 + 1 =
23 + 1 =

2- 3

JS" jo

.r

I ......

"":'l:-:J'~ I.".a~.!JjJ....

2 J L....!I ~ ~I ..ul J~

1.125

" ,"",, ~ ' 6..0~ ~

1.25

w i 'p..u.(R) ~1

1.5

<f>l;.;JI~I~YO~y.....

<f>l;.;J 1~I ~y..... ~

3 1 "" ~ ~ LA 0-- x .."I~I t-"

~ J<.>~ . ..,,~~LA .,...,rL.,

..,,'~It-"...:. i (2a)JL....!1

15.LJI.} ,(R) ~I :>I...Is;;}I ~~

y "'~

~3

J~\

y = - t oSX-2
u~ij5 > 10i ~ .y

(a

0-- y..,,~ '''' ~~ LA 0-

(b

. "" ~ ~ LA

= 5 " i\JI .:;JI..U! ciLJI ~I .b~:>..l>

y = 5 x '.J1.ill ciLJ I ~ ~r y" '.J I..U! ciLJ ' ~ I.}

. ~iJ ~-.JxJ~\ J .Y'"" ci LJ 1 ~\ <..l"'""'~ : a = -~

. ~ 1 .)1 ~ ..l>- .J -JLJI ~ I C\ ./~ :h = 2

.c)LJI~01J.\;..\jl..\.>-Y~ :k = O

< OJ y" 15.LJI.} ,(R) ~I :> I ~\J \ ~ ~ r J~I

I
I

~~~ a
y

= O.I(6Y

- 3 (28

y = z- + 3 ---

0-- x

x..,,~LA~ (2 b)JL...J I

(-l,t) ,(0,1) ,(1,5) .bLa.:J1l?i (-1, i)dO,1) ,(1,b) .bLa.:J1

{y I y

'''''~~LA

.w.: i ""~~LA 0-

5 ( 2A
---'

.,...,r L.,

: JI...JI J ~4 ~..1L..:..> ~j 0 1,}..1 ') . j ~1.rU ~L;~.i-" ~ ,,;-'J \ .,...J\ ~ ~

AU)

o;:.oJ l J

= il( l + r) 1

r-JJ ~.f-JI ~ Ir ,~I. l::)' \ ~I il G..;-> ,~ j op t -lo.:A(t) ~\ .) ~)' JI...JI J~I~ ..1
.r:J1J-~ ~..1 (1

+ r) r

~'Jlo ,}~ 1 ..rL...I ,:;j "\;';"'1 .oJ.;>. I} 1~) 1

. ~ K..J I J.,.,jl ~ ~ .) ~ '-?''JI J.,.,j l JI..1') ~..1

WLu
~ ~tt JI ,) .. ~ ...
- -. '-"""~t.:-
~ ~
. ~ ~ ~ 3.2% , 1431 - 1425 o.rAJ1J 'j.>. &-II

J ~K..J I r-JJ ""r-J1J ..u....J1 C!:

1.,71 15:.... .) I.ai

~ .jK..JI.,...J1~:i.:--i J.)w ..e:-..1L; , -",1425 i ~ ~ 22678262 &-I 1 .:>lS:....)~.:>\5 bj

, 1

. ~ YI ~WI J ~4 ~ ~ ~ ,o.rAJ1 oh J 'j.>.

il

I
111> 10_"'

.0..: '1 /

,~---------

J,

~ i ..~..~.."I ~ \S.-J I ~l c: 6,:,.. ;i 1 ~

= 22678 262, r = 0.032 ~ '-?' 'J\.,...JI J b ..e:--" :'1)

v = 22678262 (1.032)'

~ ~ TI-nsp ire ~LJ I .i..:-- W I J~L ~~ J I...J I ~ : ~ L;

',}..1 ~ 1 j--<...:JI

.r:

~~ l uu~I .\...a.4

u':l~ I~ lJ~ I~ 1

lJ~i ~3 . ~ ~ ':I 13 ,= . ~ ':I I

~l.o ~ I ~ ~LS:... .1....-.;J 3 i

~10LS:....~0lS3 , ... 1394

. ~~4...:,~~ 7~

~~~ ~

1425 i~ 4.tWI JLt;! ,j\5 I ~! , ~y:..... 3.5% ~ ~ "-b~ JLt;j .)\.) ,j \

t! Y-:

~IA ~~ (3

~ LJI ~W I J~4 ~~ ~ ~ ,-", 1425 i ~..i.:... 4.tWI JL.i;! ~ ~I J .)w ..e:-..1L; . J ~ ,} 8 0 0 0 0

I[~~l

I (x ) = b',

O <b <l

X.)~I

(0,1)

WS u\..O; j (x ) ~ ,j\ ..\;.;.. 'JU..1 ''-?' "J\.,...JI JI..1') u~~ ~ ~~ '-?''J\ J~ '1\ JI..1 ') ~ ~..1
. ~ \.:.:...

:01...\.4 ..1
.bWI u~ ~ 0

J I.)j(x) ,j j J~ ~jJ ..1 , x ~ 0.)\ j

'-+" u\5 J L:::--- .)J.;>...1 ,~ ~\' I.,:r-:;J I ...J I ~

y = ( ~r ( a

< t < l ,j I~..1

.J I..ill ~LJ I uL,.:....:JI .bLa.; .)J.;>.

(- 1,3), (0,1) ,(l,t) .bWI,-?\, (-l,t), (0,1) ,(l, b)

r
.(R +) ~rJ l ~ 1 .)1 ~'JI4.Y~ r
, (R) ~\ .) \~"'1 1 4.Y ~

J~I
L$..wIJ

.....: 81J~'il
J.>..l>J 1 ~ ~ .:,..

..sL;

u~ I~ ~

l al

< 1 ~, o.,,:. ~ 1

~ ,,,,,......, J ~':I13

. O< b < 1

Y=2(it + 2

1,i) .bl2Jl J.~130 < t < 1.:>i L..: .y =

( -1,4) 4 (0,1),(

.y =

(tf

('\I I :J1.ill .jL:-;JI

(t) :J1.ill .jl::J1v~ J;~ r

.r

3
(b

~I .blZ .:>..I.>

~IJ

I
I

:J1.ill .jl::J1

. ~i.; .jl::J1 ~I ~ : a = 2

I
I

..;L.)I .)] .:.r.J..I.>-J .jl::J1~I c.1~ : h = - 2

.JL-\11.)1...:.. 1..1.>-J 3 .jL:-;J1 ~I c.1~ : k = - 3

.:> I~ \II ~~ .r tS-WIJ '~I .:> I~ \I I ~~ r J~I

II

. - 3 0"
. .rr<\'1 d...i.W1
__

~~~ G

= - 3 ('52)x

+ 2 (4A

--_../

~.> wI';J':> J ~ L:.:lJ ~L; 6.:.i-" ~ <.5'"\II J~'1 1 ~ ~ ~1-i '<.5"'\11 r:JIJ L..S
~) lo .;J..u I JJ~>U6.:~I~lr ,~I~'1I~la ~ ,AU) = aO ": r)/ :J1..u I J~ J~

J
6.: L....::..

. J~ '11 Jot.&. ~J (1 -

r ) .r

~ \II 0.;~I (J"L...i .:>i .b-'1 .0..1.>-1) 1

....~D......s'>'I~~'>' I <$WJ I

~~i .....s " -""" '>" <$WJI

cJ:!;,Jlui ~ '-,~ , wL.. IJ-u I

i..,~ JAi~'>" <$WJ' U-':'h

~~ ~'11 J~~, Jt.J~ J:i.J

~ t '~ i-, ..,..wI ~ 'j-A 4 .."L..o >U

.u u.,~ '':''''

~1.:r---J~1I '-""'l>....:.~ ~J , ~u lSJ l0" 35 mg ~ ~ \l11$L:J10" '7'..,s I$~ o,i~

I

. ~LJ I ..) l*"4i .:r ~lSJl ~ .:r ~,;; 12.5% .:r

1.1

SO y

y
axes

= a(1 - r )l
= 35(1 - 0.125)1

I
I
I
I
I

= 35(0.875)/
. ~ L:-;J I ~ W I JL.....:......~ :Ji.ill .jL:-;J1~ I .b- '1
.

~ \J11$L:J1.:r ~..,s ",:r .:r ...:..t.&.L.. 3 ~ ~4 ~ ~ ..) ~I ~u lSJ l ~ .;..'l;

(b

= 35(0 .875)3

II

::::: 23.45

f
~~~ G

~1 0:JlSJ l ~ u~ ~i :J.:> w ~ Ji .~13l5J 1 0" 68mg ~ .:>.r-'\l 1l? LlI .:r '7'..,s l?~
' ':>.r-' \l 1l?LlI

' '7' ~I ",:r.:.r'

.:r ~..,s "':r

~ e~ ~ ~ .)

. "-=~ J.,...s ..,.r ! J~

12 .5 %

= 0.125 , ~

,-----------,/

y = 35(0 .875)/

~ .;~ ~ 44.; l::JI ~WI L..... ~~ ~ J

ui ...,s :":; ~ I ~ 1
..".,.:...J' ~I J Lt..:. I ~

(5

~L.. ~ ~~~ ~I ~l5J1 ~

J~ i~ o.?'y-) 0 l: )7~ J ~ I ~ ~ ~l;.; ' ''' ~ 3,>5 (20

~1.;Jb ~ Jl r lrJl b-l <-i .eJL>-..l>o.; o lJ ~ ulSJ 5%

o l J ~1 <-i r ~~ jlS l~ ) ,(t) o \ J~1 <-i (y) J ~I ~~

.r

<-i ~r--JI....A;I~I

.i:... x ~I

(4

j (x )

= 32x + 1

(6

j (x)

j (x )

= 2x + 1 + 3

(8

j (x) = 3 x

j (x )

= 3(2)X + 8

(10

<-i P(x) = 2.28(0.9)X .;J 1..u~ ...,.b.; j ...wl tSb- }.j

. ~ 1420 i lv

..;JW I o..u.

<-i '-:"' J\AJ\ .b:- J P(x) ~ ~ I ~ L. ~ J

j (x)
j( x)

j (x)

= 4x+ 1 -

5 (5

+4

(7

= 0.25(4)X - 6

(9

25 % J ~ ~r l- ~ .j i fJ.r! JL:..:;I ~b j:

"="-,,,,, L>

(11

~.J 'li , ~ I ..wI..l.:..Y b-I.J j \..p- cJl ifJ~ \ J>- ~ bl ~ ~ J5

(b

.r-

~ 4J..:...J ,~IJ.)\ i.:.,., ifJ~1 JL:..:; \

~l.Db
(3 J~) cJ/ :l 1:u:.UI..l>o.; oJL:..:;\ J ~ ~ , Z; l.;.)1 ~ W I

J L...:....l

~ ~I ,-!JJ ~....-t i Y- ulS <-i J '~~.r ..i>-1

(3

= -2(4)X

~ ~ ~l;.; I -'U I ~ (21

. ~l.;.) 1 ~ WI J L...:....l ~ .;J 1..u1y... ( a

= 2(3)X

j( x)

. 15 ol J ~1 .j J./.....a.".JI

~ 0.;::->-\11 ~J\JI

(1

(2

~ ~ J.:1; ~ ,~l.;.) \ ~W I JL...:.... ~ ~ 4J..:..J ,23500 cJ/l l

~ 'l \J~ ~ r--JI ....A;I~I ~~ jlS \ ~ ~ ..;J ~I ....A; I ~ I JL:..:;I

= 2x

= 5x

j(x)

~ (22

. ;;'; ~ l o ~ W I .:..r d0 w lO %

. ~ ~./~I I.i>,Y ~ c;JI .;JI..u1 j..

(a

<-i j ..Pv. <..i'"

(b

o ~W I .:..r 50%.:..r ~\ ~r-l\ ~

~;;';~ I

~il: t9~~ I<-i ;;';~ l o ~W I.:..r~rS ( c

J5 ,-?.JL..;, ~ (.,....l1.....; ~ ~~ ~\.:.:.. t:?

~ 1..l..C~ 1 ~

-t(tr + + 5 (13
1

j (x) =

j(x)
.

= 1(1
)x+ 6+ 7
8 4

(15

j (x) =

j( x)
.

2(ir- 4
3

= _1(1)X
-4+ 3
3 5

(12

(14

(23

18 '-?JL..;, J J\'1..w\ j lS b~ ,.J <'y'U \ ..wI .:..r 125 % 4) b

:";~l...Y~~

. ~ ./~ I I j""

.r- c;J1 .;JI..u1 0

(a

~). ~

J515%J~ o~~ o)-:-.... ,f"-" ~~

. ':'I.,)l.:! (18

(,;~ 4J..:...J ,~Ir-.:..r ~ t..l>o.; oJl.;-JI ,f"-" ~ ~i.Db

. ~ ~ J b- l 0 J/l .;JIJ.J1 j.. ( b

.:..r ~ 20..l>o.; oJl.;-JI ,f"-" J ~ ~ . ~ l.;.) \ ~ W I J L...:....~

( 5 J~)

' ~ \ r-

~ I J , .~ ~ 1 ?~ ~.;Jb Js:.l (i":m ~)I .;J1..u1d' j(x) ...:.,..; \5 I';)

: g (x ) .Dl..u l ~J~ , j (x ) .J ~l.;.)1

~ J-~ ~ g (x) .J ~l.;.) 1

j (x) = 4x (25

j(x) = 2" (24

_ g(x) _

0"-;--,,i J5 3 0% J ~ ~ ...w l m~ ~ <-i ~ ; ~ ' '''~

~~ ~ ~\ .;Jb ...l;:-.J~ a.-; 65 ~1 J.)1

J.:1;

~ , ~ l.;.) 1 ~W I J L...:....~ ~ 4J..:.. ~ 'tJ-:---' t ..l>o.; j><JI

,<:?,L.i

j><J1~ ~ jlS b )

io c, j><JI ~ ~

(19

~ ~ 1 ~1

' i Y- J5 J'-? l..... 35%

~ O.:llo ~L:;

~ (29

~~ I ..l) \ ..) \ ~y:- j".) l5 O.:l W 1:r l;1.r-:L ~ 'i~ i 8 ~ 8mg

f(x ) =

(tr .iJ1JJ1~b0l:U~b.i I~~AJL....

~ l J.., I~ .:r-.r-:J I \..i.A j>J ~ :;,1...t..W':'~ "

.f (x), g(x ), hex) 0 \11 J\..,.ill oL.:li
I

- 1

2.5

- 1

-5

- 13

- 29

E3

-1

-d

11

23

47

95

191

383

-1

2.5

2.25

2.125

(30

. ~ I J ~ \ .iJ b

34

(26

.iJ IJJI .)1g(x) = bX .iJIJJI ~ ,-?.iJ1J:~I ~ I~I (31

.f (x) = ab x -

Ii

+ lc

(j~ ..,-JI ..;.,I?!I f-ili oL;.:li .:r-J 1JJ1:r j5J .j1.::J1 ~ 1 ~ I

~ ,o"...\.:>.J 0.5 '7'}i.)l~;'" ~\,;) 4...ail;';":.Ji ,o..l.:l? .iJIJJ\ ~
( 1-4 U".)..ul) : ~.:l ..l&- ~~1

2.0625 2.0313 2.0156

j r-

(33

1_,- _ .8 Y
I .

_ . _~

(32

e:..b", ~ ~ L.. (a) ~ L.... J I..,JJI ,-? \

. ~~ 1

~ .) W\ .)1 (i ';;1) ~ ) 1.iJ1.ill :<,;,.. lj 1~ J IJJJI ,-?\

~ ~i }!~ I

\.1t:.;,t (b

~ (c

y...; 4-: i..,~~ i I.r,; u~ JI..,JJI ,-?I. ~

(d

3\ ~ I.:l ~ 6.;'11HI Lr" J5...::.,.; \5 l ~ l.:l...\.:> '>=.>-fJ

.:r-J1..UI :r J5 ~ f(x) .iJ1.u1 ~ ~I
( 1-5 U".)..u 1) : ~ l.:: g (x) =

f (x ) =

'Iix + 3 -

6 (35

If(x)l, hix)

= f(lxl)

f (x ) = -4x

+2

f (x ) --

: ~l:J 1 J 1.J.u\ :r J5 J~.:l...\.:>.J

_ xx+1

(37

(~)(x) ~.Ji
' .j~ L.... J5 J

f (x)

=x2 -

g(X)

=x + 9

~~y

= ab x - h + k .J~ I ~ c;J10';; I .iJIJJI

2 x (36

~~y

= abs : " + k O .Jrd \~ c;J\ 0

';;1;;..I I_li l (b

. x .J~ 1

.iJb J' f( x)

= I b Ix;;JIJJI 0 \-i ,~ I ~..l&- b 0 \51 ::'1

(c

. ~ \ ~

"

g(x) = x 2-1

(a

Y .J~ I

(34

f(x),g(x) .:r-J1.ill (f+g)(x), (f-g)( x), vog)(x),

( 1-6 U"J ..u1)

. ~~ 1 e:..b", . \~i ~ .d- ) G~\ ~

~L.

~ f (x ) = V4 2x .iJ IJJI J ~ .)1 ~ "J 4}'11 .:l l..l&-\11:r ,-?i (38

1 (

8 ! (x ) ._

~ (fog ) (2) ~ W f (x ) = vX+l , g(x) = 4 x...::.,.;\5 b l (39

3 (
8 D

V3
4V3

A
B

4 - - 2 -

- 4

..

- 6
-8

(27

,J ) ~I ~b- J~ ~) 1 t;l:-: ~\' 1,.:..;~hU I j>J Tl -nspi re ~l:-:J \ ~W\ J ~\ ~

.,.:..; }i.:> U I <Y" i lh; 0.J.r"" ~ ~\J \ ,.:..;}i.:>UI ~I ,.~.lE

. 3x ~ I l
1 y

Ii .). ...!.,
f - - - - - e - /.
W

1--

'

~ r-l l <:,..1) 1f...l.Z <Y"

Points & Line s

.J

,t;l:-: u-:-:J.:>UI

, 2 ;;~I

Point(s) o~ ~
.&W \4.6; ~ ,-?.iJ1

~~r.."'.""'"'JI"ftI : ~LWI ~.6....:> 1

7:Points & Lines

(2 ,0.1111) c:bWI 4.6;

J :;.I....:...t\

w u ci Int er section

-,"

ci 3 x - 4 y.J) \r.;;U:.-.. u-:-:JI..t5 t;l:-: ..hUI ci j.o

.In tersectio n Poi nt rs) o./:-" J ~ I

...

s .n

:~LW\ ~ .6..,.iJ~ ~~)

( ~. O 1111

. >-/
/0

)."

f2 . I -1,

j.o ~ .rzci

W Iu
1 ~ "1

=1.9 .b UI cr>:
1_I;WUI

GL
. L. -r-I ' ..:
. " .bUt ...jr

l' ~jl

-t

~"

ll.l.,d i

J.-->J)

\II ~.6....:> 1 ~ , ~ l:-:J I ~ I.b-l ~ .6....:>1)

. 2 yo j>J101LSI
TABLEo./:-"J~ 1 1 3 ;;~ t

X
10

o.

0 .Q1 2..1$ 0: 111 11"

1.

.037037 0 .1111 l '

: ~LW I ~.6..,.iJ ~ ~~ j ,of' J5

2 . 0 1111 11 0 .'111 1
:,

~ ~ --I)~ ~ 1 .TA BLE or.- J ~~ ~ ~ <Y" ~

,~ l:J\ .:> r----JI ci Y ] = 3 x -

0 .333:>33 (r.11111- v-

I I. 1

. 2 yo 4.h U

~Ij ,8

t )~ ~\ ~I,r; 01~

' .....

....

, ~ l:-: ~ js:J 4J o W l y ~..1 x ~ Jj~l ~ .cJl:J I .:>r----J 1ci Y 2 =

I J>- 01~ U'~ ..1 ,t::::: 0.1111 ~j d.~__~ I u-:-:J1.ill 0~ , x = 2 L."w,j
, ~\J I "hU l ci 2 -: X if ,-,"",Y.

32- 4

~I

1.. 1.
9

3- 2

1.. 1.
9

1. = 1. .t
9

- - - - - - - - - - - - - _ ./
'i.>-J..JW

:.)''4 ~ "bL... J5 j>J ~yl ~WI ~I

5X -

6 3x

= 2x

= S X-

(3
(6

4X + 3
- 3-" + 4

= 25x

-0.5 2x

9x -

(2

+ 3 (5

3Y + 2

= ..l (1
81

= 1.75t + 3

(4

J:I"

667

to

r;.

.~ -'

r...

--.,

. o ';; W l w l.:.:! ~ I ~ . l :;~ ,

,J

. w l:..: ~ 1 <f rlh.; 0.J.r'" ~ .\..lUI ~l;5 ~I

!Q

. y 2: 0.5 x 3 '-!" ~L:JI ~~I-, , y ::; 2 x 2 JI 2 x 2 2: Y'-!"

..

.....

d-'\I I ~L:..J I

'\..WI Ir h...a.ll.,l.I . ;
C?'....r
. ~ r-'

~0 .51:- 3

.-

j:>J1~~ -':...\;>,-.j . 2 :;~l

6 67 ~ \'

t,.

If

! ()

.2 x - 2 2: OS" - 3 4:.: ~1 j:>J ~l:-:J I ~b.J 1 ~ I

.
~"

"

j:-J\ ~~ ~ ~ I

c:b!A; 4Ak:.. .) c!' c;J1 .bL::JJ X w L;I.b-! ~~

'-!" j:-JI ~~ 01Cl:;.;.... '1 in tersect 0.i::-" JL..:..... ~ ~-' . ":Lo'1 I 4:.: ~

-11

:& \..WI

8 [J 7:Po ints & Lines

~ h...a.l ~ ,,~lb -, (x

Ix

2: 2.5)

~WLmtimI:illi'~ii!m~

..T....r
' \' I r , h...a.l l r-'; u::-::-'
. U \ \ , \i .b-i lY.k..Al1
.. ~
<J
-'

,', '7

. TABLE 0T--' J L..:.....I . 3 :;~ I

..:.u ~-,

.l

.707107

2.tl2S43

1421

1,.11421

2.

1.

II
II

2.

II
lJ

2.02843 0.707107

'OJ" JS .) 0.5 o.)~~ x ~

':i-,~ ~i . TABLE 0.i::-" JL..:.....l., j:-JI <f ~

: C?''\..WI o-:
\ h...a.l l.,.
r- .

= 2 x - 2 ~I-, ,S ' " ,

= 2.5 <f ,r.5\11 x ~..; i ~ '1 ,..:.JL:J \ ~r-oJ l J

,...,;L:JI .)r-oJ l J Y1
\..iA-' YI ' > Y2 0~ ~

. {x I x 2: 2.51 r

-..
Y2 = 0.5 x - 3

~~I vb- ,Ji ..\5y.

1~..JL.J
x

3X

4 ::; 52' (9

12 4x- 7 <4 2x + 3 (12

: .;~ ~ 4:.:~ J5 j:>J ~l:-:J I ~b.J 1 ...~I

62 - x _ 4 < - 0.25x -

5x + 3

::;

2.5

(7

2x + 4 (10

4:r (~ , ':i t u ~ L.~~.r t.J U 'J ~ l.a..t t J>

Solving Exponential Equations and Inequalities
~)t~~
4.)1.) ~ i>-6 ~.r" ~~

-.::...; ';:;)'1 L' ly

~':i l JI"..>J 1 ~~J~

. . ~

u l5\.r-\ ..\:1;:;

4.) .) L.....J~ ~ L' lyJ \ b- i .j u l5 \.r-~" .)~ .j l5 b~ .4-".J

= 2.2(1.37) x

, _,1425 rLY..i..:... u l":-]I .) ~ x ~ ,y

. ~)W~ 0-?,;-:...JI .)~

.)~..\:~

yJ

Y = 2.2(1.37) X4.) .)L.....J1 J L....,.;".,..I ~

:\':""'.j 0-?,;-:...J\

.) ~ 4.).j ~ ~ I ul..\: ~) ' 0

'Lr.:-'-" lSy.......

..LY

. ~i ':' :i ~ l.a..o

J>i

. ~kA-'='~J> i

I~ ~ ~L...A J> ',

. ~I~~I-,~i

0-??\
~':i l ~.bl..aAJl

exponential equation
..,..s~Ie:'~1

compound interest
.X =Y01S 1 ~ ! ~-,I ~ ! b X = bY 0 ~ , b > O , b =l= 1 0 1S1:'!

.~I~I

= 35015 I:' !

.JI.1o

. 3 X = 3 5 0~ , x = 5 015 I:, ~ -, .x = 5 0 ~ , 3x'

~':il ~1..p.4J1

exponential inequality
www.obeikaneducalion.com

: ..;~ W 4.).)w JS ~
2x

= 83

(a

2X = 83

2x

= (23)3

2x = 29

x=9
92x -1

= 3 6x

(b

= 36x
(32? x - 1 = 36x
34x - 2 = 36x
4x - 2 = 6x
92x -

55x

= 125x + 2

(lB

- 2

= 2x

- 1

= X

4 2n

- 1

= 64 (l A

..\.).> 23000 ~.AIi ~JWI.,~ ~1 u~L... ~) ~j

. ~~ .\.).> 7500--! ~ ~ ~~ .:;lhL I..l: ~~

~JW I .,~ ~ ~I I')! ~L... x ~ y ~~I ~JWI .,~ y..,.; Y = ab x o.JraJ l ~ 4..::---1 ~b ~I (a

....-r' J .J' l:... .;.,~....... .r-1..s'.'I C::-l:.J1~.f'-"

-......i.; J..v...JL. ..._~

-c 'I

oi", ~ y.liJ ,~~.\.).> 7500 l,SJLo (y) ~ )l>J I.,~ J ' ~ L...;w, (x) .r) 1':;L5 ~..r.-.:JI ~I..l:.)

. a ~ ) Y ~ I "~)' ~1

--II)
0

11 = I

.b ~~..l.:>.:J

au'

= II bO

7500 = a

~\11~Lul.) ~I oi", ~ Y. ,23000 ~~I ~)l>J I .,~ ~ 'x = 4 L.~ J

_ 0)0

3.067

= 7S0U . b 4
~

b4

\13.067 ::::: b
1.323::::: b

y ~ 7500(1.323)X.".. ~~I ~)l>J I .,~

y..,.; o}l .\J .,~I

~ ~ L... 1 2 ~ ~A\i ~')l>..U ~~I.,..wl L. ( b

~~ ll,o~I''''''.;.:...:;.rrI;..r.~1
12 ,.....Jl;\.:.,..; _~,.:JL.

<.,-1.., 1' JL...a:..L.

y ::::: 7500(1.323)X
:::::

7500(1.323)12

215665

oy 420000 ~L-", 1430 rl>-.)J ' J> 1426 il>- ~~ oy ,:.r.")L. 3.2 ~ ~I . ~ :i .) ~!
. J>

.,~ y..,.; y

(2

1426 rl>- ~1 o} l u l....~ 1 ~ o .,l>- ~

= ab? o.J.raJ1~ ~1 .\Jb ~I , -......i.; J ..v...J ~ .:.. .~1 ~I o.,l>-j,:;1tJ, ~

.~

(2A

x ~ y ~ O ., ~ 1 0 1.r.-J1

~~ 1 ~3";; D,k !~
~j! Ls:J1 b j-w3lID .3 ~ ~ ~

":!3 ~W I .W I~ !~~ 1
' ~l w l~IJ ~ L. ~
. ~1.:.AJ 1 ' 1~L>,~3";;

(JWI ..r 1.J) ~I &-'1~ l,SiJl ~) I Y"J

\~ r ll ~)I ~ vlJL.,.,.) ~ \II JI J...Ll1 ~

.:U;L... c.~ ) l,S1~! l3la.,.,

A = P(l +

r)t1 t

,=,~1~....J1J.l.a.4 r , JW 1(.)"i.J..9i".Jw.::;....I~'='.:u I~~ I~IP ,~ t..l.lL.:'~ I~I A ~

. ~ I ~ JW'(.)" i.J~ !LI.;>.J~' ~W, !u lr ~~ n ,~~ I

.)1C~)~ 1-.jL..i ~ . 4.2% ~ t=....,.:.-. ~) Wyo i.:?)~ tJr-- J JL...; 25000 &..4>- ~I
~~? .:r.:J? '-:-' } i .)1~.;.. ~ 15 ..Lo.: r:!.,:-J l ~I ~I rS .~ JS' JWl ..,...1)
. ~ 15 ..Lo.:13.y..JI ~ I~ I~ )

I ~I

.cs rJ l ~) I ~ ~~ ,JW\ ..,...i.J .)1c.~ .J ~ I ~L.,;, 1 ~ ~ i k;

,~

."..s..-J I~.>."~

= 25000, r = 0.042, n = 12, t = 15

A
= P(1 +;,-r'

= 25000 (1 + '1242 )12 . 15

= 25000. r = 0.012. = 12, t = 15

I'

/I

~L-l' JL..:-4

<::

46888.66
~ oj;W I ;j ) ~\

11

CALC: value ~\ ,y

" row , ~! /

,j;..

j.

,~

= 25000(1.0035)121
. X= 15L.~y~

>:

~\ i f Ii:- ~;

if'.) 46900 if' Y ~

. ;j ~ ~ l,:.,':y ~

'.)1,46888.66

t,."..

~~~ ~

c.~)~ I -.jL...a; ~ , 12% ~ 4.f-o' ~) W yo ~ .J~ tJ.r-- ..; J~.J 100000 & ~ J""":':""'I (3

.~r ~ ?

'-:-'; 1.)l -.:.; !.f-o' 5 ..Lo.: 13.y..J1.}SJ I ~I r5 .~~ ~ J" J WI ..,...i) .)1

I
I

I
I
I

~~ ..,s:u . ~ ~

"=..t-W '..,......;J ' ~

, ,,= ~ .; ,...,s ~ !

:>io...

4.2 % = 0.042

'-----------_/
.j

x > Y 0 lS b !~.j I:> !b '\ > b Y

x

. 2

>

0~ ' b

> 10lS I:> ! ,~,~,

< Y 0lS \ :>! ~.j I:> ! b < b Y

> 6 i 0lS I:> !.j ,x > 6 0~ , 2x > 26 0 lS 1:> \
X

26 0~ ,x

16 2x -

'JUA

< 8 ~~I j..;.

162x - 3 < 8
(24)2x - 3 < 2 3
2 8x - 12 < 23

8x -12 < 3
8x < 15
.x < 12
8
I

~~~ ~
I

2 x+2

> .i (48
32

32\ -

> _1_
-

243

------

~
A

: .;~ k. J :JL.... JS' ~

( I Jl1A)

(4,81)

(0, 256) (22

(3, 100) , (0, 6.4) (21

(4,2 1609) r (0, 144) (24

(5, 371293) , (0, 128) (23

.h.....J

c.i 90 C .c.l :> ~.J :J L.?LJI.j" '-:oJ ~ C"' ~

5x-

84x + 2 = 64 (1

= 125 (2

162.11 - 3= 4.11 + 1 (4
49x + 5 = 78x -

oJ .:> ~.J :J ..:.....a.ib 20 C L.?.JL..;".J ~ t .c)..r- ~.J :J

. y(t) = 20 + 70(1.071) - 1

26x = 32x - 2 (5

256 b + 2 = 4 2 - 2b (8

81a + 2 = 33a + 1 (7

82.11+ 4 = 16.11+ 1

93c + 1 = 273c - 1 (9

(10

. ~ :J 15...v..: L.?LJI o)..r- ~.J :J ~.J I (a

.~:J 30 ..l>..: L.?LJI o)..r- ~.J:J ~) ( b

11 W>JI .Jl1..:..;11.;
~ - ~-r.>

r-:

<5 < -

4.:... j;1 ~14J ~.J L.o L.?LJI o)..r- ~.J :J 0 ~ Je..9

(2 Jl1A)

~.y1.9 :J

4:>WI :J~

C::~:J uI~~ 0J~ t.~ o~ 1.9.;b '-:--"~ 'J ~i

.;b.J ' 6 m op-:. t.LQ.;)

e bl' ~ ...,..,'>U ~~

.r"

.J l:,., \J ~ ~LQ.;)

..l>..:

(t) 3X + 4 = (i)-2 X+ 4
(Z5) a+ 1 =

81

(tt

4..,.1..>

(t )5x+ 1 =

(~ )X -

4 (31

e ,.:,LS:.... (33

..l.;1j' ~ 0 1~y
ab ? o.J..r" ~ ~1 J b 01 (a
198
0
' .J L:LJ ~ i
i~ J! i 195 0 i~.j" ~WI 0L(...,:J~

i~..i.:... u l..f-J I :J ~ x ~ 'x J'1~ J:JW I 0

<.:r.- ,-:-,)

1J l b ~ ,-:-,)

i 1950

J...u....J~ ~ I 0LU I :J~ ..l.;1j' 0 1J I (b

1
(a

~ 'iL.....o.;'1~ o..b-I.J ~r~ 4..,.1..> ui~ I~!

(b

&- JJl>- ":".J.J .JI.A

~I ~ I':>I JJl>- .J.:i.;.J 'L.?.J~ U,r.... c.i o~I J

, -", 1430 i~ oJJIJ i f Jlu 100000

( 2J ~)

216= (iY+ 3 (29

.4.....; uI.JL.:L 4.458 ~I i1980 i~ J~.J

,"""""";';

0~

+ 1 = 8 2 "( + 1 (27

,4.....; .JL.:L 2.556, i 195 0 i~ ~WI0K....:J~

:J~ .J:W

= ab! o.J.,raJ1~ ~1 Jb 0

(12

. -"' 1 442 i ~ J~ J l:.J 1 695 88 ~

J'1..l.;Y~ I~y=ab xo.J.,raJI ~~IJ b0 1

(30

(729)-3X+1 (32
125

(""';'1lo?:.r

JS ~~ I

~~ L.

: .;~ k. ~l J :JL.... ,,.,Is ~

= 253x+ 2 (28

.r-

.~:J 15

..yliJJI:.r t..l>..: o..b-I.J 4..,.1..> iL.....o.;I:.r .;,; ~ I c ~~I

. .? h ~LQ.;) 015 bl

(11

(26

o.,r--:JI t.~ o~ W d y6A.)IJ:JL.... 01 . 19 .1cm ~~ o~li

(t Y-

.w......
. 1_
- r i LA.;'} 1 , r",,

l:~Ic>J1 t!y l LS..b-!~.J ,~\!I ~ t;~ ~lb ~

,60C....?' LSLJI ,-:-,..rJ ~W I o).rJ1 ~.J:J c.;l51~1 (c

1O..l>..:

4 (3

(6

' r".Jk (25

J\JJ~ ~:J t ..l>..: L.?LJ\o)..r- ~.J :J ~~.J 'L.?LJI

35x = 2721' -

( a

. -'" 1430 i~..i.:... x u l .,.:-J I :J~

~ r-<';

,"""""";';

J...u....J~ 0:Jl:)1 c.i ~I ~I .:>1 JI (b

~~?~? '-:oJ)IJ! -", 1450i~

,4.3% ~ t;y..... ~.J t,;j y... J l:.J70000

J-SJ I ~ I

(3 J~ )
,2.25%

&- ~ ~I

(13

r5 'k JS JWI...,..,I.J J! C~.J\!I ""';w,; ~

. ~? ~? ,-:-,) 1J! uly..... 7..l>..: c! ~I

~ ~y..... ~.J t,;j y... Jl:.J50000 &- ~L, ~I

'"

(14

~I r5 .t.;'k u;. .r" JWI ...,..,I.J J ! C~.J:l1 .....;t..a; ~

(3 Jl1A) ~~? ~ ? ,-:-,) 1J! uly..... 6 ..l>..: c! ~ I

J-SJI

. 2 000 i~ ~W\ 0K....

4.....; uI.JL.:L 6.08 r i2000 i ~ ~WI 0K.... :J~ 0l51~! (c
.0 K....lJ ~ I :J..w I.J .:\..r...l.A; lr-: 0 ) .;;'; ,L.:~

:J ~ ..r. ...\A:J a
c.i 4Jl..:....L.o y c;-II J :JWI ~ I (d

.~G:-! c<'.J ~.:\..r...l.A;~ :J L, ' i 2020 i~ ~W I0K....

25Y- 3 <
-

(_1
_).11 + 3
125

(16

105b+2 > 1000 (18

625::::: 5n+8 (17

( 6~) C - 2 < 322c

(19

Ji w

b ~ ~\J I u\ )~1 ~15

b! .)-l:> I >:! ~ (40

~~l ~J . I ~ I~ .rJ- ) L~i

,.,.\.4':1 \

J: )L...::.:...,.,)U ..:.r. )~ ~ ~ J.P~

~\..t ~lA:l (34

( : JJ ".i l ) ~ I )

. x ~ ~ 2x > _ (8 20x ) ( a
L>"i)

...l.:! 1? ,,?,::lI.,,..,.J14.b W C;L:JI ~I ( b

50000

0) 4-' .".. ..!lJL:;.,>

~~

J 4J 500 00 4llA
4.2% ~J ~ wP w'

...l.:! 1? ,-".::1 1J ~ ':II 4.J .)W C;L:JI ~I (c

~I
.jA

&~

c9~

~J J

rl;}i l"'W. ~~J 4~

.~JS Jw , <.>" iJ""'! ! ~ :
&)~ '...,.! !"'W. ~4

L.&..s'l
_ >J-

.w-l:>-I ) ~ 01~fi}

y.""' J4J
whwi

~3 6.5 % <$,,:....J 1

... .

tJ~ ~ J 4J 50000:
<.S,,:....Jl oI.>...>J ........... J ....;;,,; .

L~}i l ... W.!~J 2.3'Y: : ~

t~I JS Jw ,<.>"iJ...,.! !: ~

:~ ci~ w;;jb JS j.

( 2- 1 .,)")..u l)

= 2(3)X (41
Y = 5(2)X (42
Y = 4 (3"l)X
' (43
y

~- 3

~L... ~)~ ) : ci~ L.... ;;j.)L... JS

-vx+s - 3 = 0

(44

=2

(46

=4

(45

(5x + 7)5 + 3 = 5

(47

\/2x - 1

.) L...::.:...,., ) U C;UI ) L,;JIJ J}':l 1) L,;JI i f J5 4.J.)L... ~ \ (a

. ~ i : ) L...::.:...,., I J5 i f J501~I ~ Yo ~ ~ ~ j.

~ ~ C;UI II J./:l1.JL,;JI )L...::.:...,., :l1.j ~I ..:.r.)L,;J1 i..?1 ( c

~&~ !

0 .) ~ ) 1 ..:.r.rJ\ Ij"" .j ~

;;.1.J.a:i.,e

~~ "

(7x - 1)'3 + 4

=2

(35

~t!'J ' ~ cJ! Oj)) ~ ~':l I J IJ..u I .j 4.Y )~ 1

,~J .}~t!'J ~ cJ l~~ ~ ,~ J .}
.u l/' 0..1.;0 ~ I oj""

(b

) .?J

: ~\'I J I)J..l1i f C)j

2)5 + 6 = 5 (48

(3x -

(49

jSJ [g

h](x)

[h

?1~~, J} ':l I? \~~U IJ )) I ~ ~ I~

(a

d )' J ,..:.JU IJ ' C;U I

g](x) ~)1

( 1-6 ........; ..u 1)

Iz(x)

=x + 4

g (x )

(51

= Ix I

hex)

= 2x -

g (x )

= 3x + 4

1 (50

&

.)..1.;0

~ 4.J .)L.,.., 4.;L:5J J} ~I .j ~I ~I I ~jA.J ( c

.o/, x ?
\ ~ J))I

~1,O.003in~ ~.) ~ ':I10j ))\~ )~ l~ (d

.o/, x ~ ~ J )) \ 4.,., j) ~ u~ 4.J.)L.,..,

j(x)

= 2x + 1

g (x )

(52

2 x 2 (53

u l/, .) ~ .)Ij bl ~J~ I ~) I 4.JL... .j ..:...~ Lo ~ l ~' (36

~ I .r-'W.. ~J 'I W I J')'c>- .J~ I ~ I cJl C4) ':l 1OjL;,1

1 H
2 J
~ j [j (- l )] ~

- 1

,j (x) = 5 x ~15bl (55

5 (

-25

25 D

-5

.)L...::.:...,.,)U.i.:-Kl\ ~) \ 0.rAJ 1 ~ .i5 } ~"~iI

~\I \4.J .)W l j;. l ~ (37

. 1618 + 1618 + 16 18 + 1618 + 16 18 = 4 x

4;.~~,"=') ~.J-U t J t.J...u t.J U L~,"=') ~.J-U t

Logarithms and Logarithmic Functions
~jl,i~WJ
u1 Jr"' l:.: J..l14.J')L c.r"' 1~ 1 ~ 0 \ ow...J1,J" ..2 c:!:-;
yo..;:-l~ Ll'"'t.,..o.. 0J~I~....J 'c.r"'J"1 1~]..o -.?\ .!.\jI.;JI
~ I :; ~\ \"".r.f'.J .!.\jl.;Jt5 oL..a..iJ\ r4 \ ~ (Pale rmo)

1'~
.""'~JI!.~ 1
"' ::;I~ - :r

r4 "1 \ o.,l", ~ 6.;J\..WI (J.~.J' c.r'" J"1 1'-?y5 ci \""~t; cS..Lo

~ ~l ' u~J ~ ylll J~~ Ll'"' l"A..J1.r-# ~ 4.J -*""' ;5\
4.J,)WI J".>G-,J" <JLiU ~ PS yo ..;:-lL Ll'"' t.,..o.. ~ ,)~ l
. ~ I ~.lb ~ <.?.iJ 1~ I .;bJ1R ~ ,

PS

= log10 R

uIJ~~~ i

'2 ":-':!J~.,J
' _" ~:;,!J ~.,J JI..p ~ i
. , ~

~J~..,.ul

.J X ~ ~~ J,)\.,:..,J" ~~ I(x)

=2

~ "1 14.J1J..l \ cr ~ ~ ~

~..J~.,.uI':'I.J4--Jt-, Jt-,~I
.4.J1J..l1~ .;-II ~rJl cl.Jj )\J y

_...t:'II"'lI
~

~_

....-

13

F3

rJ

"8

-3

-3

"8

-2

- 2

4'

2'

-1

-1

2'

4'
1

logarithm
~J~.,.ul OJI...lJ1

logarithmicfunction
www.obeikaneducation.com

1
1
1

r Y = b? Ll'"'~0~ ,;;"",~ oJ~.J ' x = 2 Y rY = 2 x Ll'"'~0 \ o~\ -iLJ I ~\.J J.J~ \ ,J" ~
<.?.JL; Y\';"....J ,y = log b x oJy.aJ 1~ o ,) ~ ~.J x ~J\S...,3 x = bY 4.J ,)W I ci Y ~I cr---: . x = bY
. b Ll'"'L.:')\J log x

bl>"L...~

.~ bY =

~.J~j-Uj.A->= .b =1= 1 ~ ,~~ C>:!J~ x, b 015 r,! I~'~I

x 6JJl.1.oJ l ~ -.;.:..J I Y l>"~ ,.u l ~ ..Jl~-, ,Iog bx j-oy14
X

logb x= y~
' ;'''''';:ULO~ I '~ I

'J~l bY =x ~-,
. ~ ilils:..~m._~ 1

y J~ ~ -'= X > 0 JS:.l : 0 ~ b > 0, b

bY = x

L--t

I ~! ~-, I~ !

=1=

101~~ I

10gb x

=y

::i..:--\11 J~I ..?- .;~ L.... ~J\j:.} ;;..bL... J5 ~I

10g 4 2~6 = - 4 ( b
1 4
1og4 256
- -

10g 28 = 3 (a

1 - 4- 4
256 -

10g 4 16

10g3 729 = 6 ( JB

=2

(l A

lJu....
: ~J\j:. }J I.J~ I..?- J~ L.... ~1.:\.bL...

4 2 = 2 (b
1

42

= 2 --; 10g 4 2 = 2"1

15 3 = 3375 ( a

153 = 3375 --; log15 3375 = 3

125 3

=5

J5 ~1

43

(28

= 64

:.;~ L....J5 ~
1

; ;L,.aJ1 ~ '_':"~
y";~ L.-.;

10g 7 49

=Y

;"':";l.:.:ll' ; ; ~ l .J i ,.,:.. ~
Y .$J L..3

l=7Y
49
~= 7-

7- 2

"-:-- :i I ..";...L! .;IJt.......J'...,....L;..

- 2

49

log

..l.;:-Jl

10 g 16 4 ( a

10 g 7 49 ( b
~ )~j1J 1

(2A

10g 16 4 = Y

719= -2l;~ diJ

= 16 Y

= 2y

1- = y
. 10g 16 4 = 1- l; ~ diJ

2 ~ .:.-:-" ....w ' :l<S ~

~;y.~ ~
10g 1 256 (3 8
2"

U- l...::i l y> >1....,~1 , il

-:.:i>L...J1 ~ U-~l ~~
~I'~ ' ~; ~yU '

JS "'=~~~

= 7Y

=Y

~..JL.:.,M ,..,..t... i
~..>-'-"~~~

10g 3 81 (3A

-.!.U....,t.......J J.>J 1 ow', ~

. -.!.U ~ L....,. ~ ~

~~I ~ C~I ~

uL::.... -J\j. ylllJ

~ \I I J IJ ..J I .......i.:~ .:r ,.:.~..J\.,.u ~L....~ t ~l-,;.J I

. u ~) \j. yll ~L..')I I

10g b 1 = 0
";~ I ",", """
If'.; ....,.):.u

10g b b = 1
.;,i" , bO

= 1';'~ b

.;,'.; ~j.a.o ~ 108 2 0

.XJ

~L.:U...J~~ ~L....'J, ~l.-:..Jt J~I

:';4 \-> JS ~ ~) 1
logs 12 5 (a

log s 125 = log s 53

=3

log ,," "=x

)og10 0.001 (b

log10 (-5) ( d

.x

aL.~ k

w~f(x )

= 10g b x .Ji ~

~ \..tY \I \ ~~ <-i w~ ..d-IoglO( -5 ).J~

0.001 =

lO -J

10g 10 0.001

10bIU 10' = x

. ~\

= log 10 10 - 3
=- 3

~~~ ~
10g981

( 4A

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J

p lJ .4.:-":".-J\.&.) 4Jb b i- 1 ~ 'f(x)

. ~)\j. ylll

~I ..., ~I ~~

= 10gb x 4.l1..J1~ I ~l.:-:' "2 . ! :!.J\,u l JI.J..11 I J=.4i

J IJ..ill (i \II) ~)I 4.l1..ill J\.JI p i r f(x) = log, x 4.l1..ill J\.JI

. -.)..L.tJ 1

(l,0) ~1

(x)

~ 1..., ~ 1 ~~
(R + )~~ I~ 1

( R) ~l

.X ~ l ~

f (x) = l ogb x ,

Y .J~ I

f (x )

O <b < 1

(b, I )

( 1, 0)

( 1, 0')1__

f (x ) = lo gb x ,
b > 1
(b, I)
- - - - -.....

~ If'.;

2' =1= 0

..i ..,s :.u .j~I..,..';{1

= logs x (a

f(x)

fix)

,bo= l w~ b*O >""'" lJ':i

w':i ..... j...A ~ log, X 1:.J
x*0
. x~lJ":i 2

.if L. ~\~:b- . 1 :;~,

b =5
x

. <./_.
'U I ~~
I ', -1\
l r U, \.A.; ~ J.>. , 2 :;~
L... :.....' 1
.1WI ~\j ,5

> 1 0' ~

(i,-1) , (1, 0), (b, 1)

.(i, 1), (1, 0) ,(5, 1) .1WI<.?'
. ~\ r

) ~ . J IJ.>.)I \ LS".:.--J \ ~ .1W\

y...

.3 :;~I
JI.3.ul ~

JI....:U'::it

~,)li:.,.u l JI.3.uIJ ~":il

f(x) = log] x (b

IJx)

b=l
3

-,:, 1~(5a)Jl:..o~.~

a1:;~1

. 4.: ~ ~ Lo ....-! !

O <t <l ,2:;~1

.(t, 1) , (1, 0) , (3, -1)

.1WI ~I

IjJ

' ~\ r)

1 3 :;~ 1

~4.>A~ ~
I

I (x ) = log2 x (SA

f(x ) = log 1 x (58

8"

~i.) 4.>Ijl . k

~~I

'-""'[0J..:>..j

k .)I~ A>.1j ~

J,.i....~1 '-""'! OJ..:>.", I k I .)I~

"..at

,4.Y' k.::w1S I:,!

A>.1j! , ~ L..,

k.::w1S I~!

4.>tj[. h

~I '-""'~ OJ..:>." 1z.)1~

.)L....:JI '-""'! oJ..:>.",

A>.1j!

,4 .Y' 1z.::w1S I~!

liz I .)I~ A>.1j! , ~ L.., h .::w1S I~!

,,~".iI~~lla

.y

= k.)~1 J~ ~ ';>l.:-:J\ ~I':"~, a < O.::w1S I~!

.4-wI.) ~ ';>~I ~I':"~" a I> 1.:,,15 I~!
.bi
_ . L..J I ~
I u ~
_ .)~c.T-.
_
.

, O < l a l < l .::w IS I ~ "

1

o.:.r fIx)

: t;; ~ "A k. 4.l 1~ J5" j.

!(x) = 3 10g10

+1

~1~,..l>~,.L.

~~ I

.(, i 6aJ ~ I ""' .J.:.,.. ~

(a

~YOU-- X~ I~ I~

4.l1.ill.jLJI J:.:....:U J:.. ~

. Y' o\.k,J1 .J1.ill.jLJI <.J~I

u~ !(x) 0 ~ ~ !;I:o~Lo

= 10glO x

. ~I ~!;I:o~Lo ~YO.,J~

j(x)
.S---iJ .jLJI ~I

~ :a = 3

. ~i :\;"Ij) ~ y'1 : Iz = 0

- 1

. ~ \11.)) o...l> I.J ...l>.J.jLJI <.J~I Cl~ : k = 1

-2
--3

1
!(x) = 210g1. (x - 3) (b
-I

0-

.J1.ill .jLJI J:.:....:U Lk~ r .\.k,J1 ;;JI.ill.jLJI~I

- 2

. f( x) = 10g 1 x

. 1

-I

. ~iJ .j LJ I ~I ~ : a

-2
-3

=t .

. ~ I .)! d...l>.J 3 .jLJI <.J~I CI~ : h = 3

. ~iJ :\;" Ij ) ~ y '1 : k = 0

- - 4
-

f (x ) = "4 log1 (x

+ 1) - 5

(68

f (x)

= 2 10g3 (x -

2) (6A

o.t...:. Jt.:.. II0~J~1.$ 1 ~

~)~l lo~ 1 o.t...:. J ~~." , ~)~ll o ~l o .t...:. ~..J ...r~~ I ~) '::' 1j..2l
Jt.:..II 0 J~~ ~J...r~ ~ 0~J ~ 7 ~~) or o.t...:. \:,,1 ~I \ ~ J-li ~J .ill ~}JI 0~1

,y = 10 X - 14.l 1 ..u~ ~J\'I 0~1 o.t...:. ~~." .~ ...rL:.W1~ 0~J~ (, ~~) 0r .t...:.
. ~..J ...r ~ ~ ~ J..ul x ~
1
...:r..r-J .j."..4J1-} ~) or -.5,;I.t...:. ~.r.J" .~I t: ~)I".p-} .~10L.~I J-:-. I (a
~:>' I :'I1-J.1 '

= 10 ' =1 0 9.2 -

\.:r~~9 .2~~

0~ 1 ""' ~);;~lS~i

~ l.c ~ ~~ ~~1
w4-JJ

10 8 .2

= 158489319.2

.4.lI..uI...r.,s:.......J y

= 10g10 X + C cJraJl ~ 4.l~L... ~."I

~~ , ~J1.a4l 1
y J ~ ~ .,.t..j l/, .\ .r.:' -' ~

.:.t...:,.;L.;. JoU '~.rU

~.,.w ' ~ I

J .J.&l 1 ;"'L.;,L.

Y = lOX X

. 0lL.J 1 ....s ~ i ~j "-Lots

( b

= 10 y- 1

Y - 1 = 10glO X
Y = 10g1O X + 1
~UA~ ~

.y

9. 2!;1:o~ ~j ' ~ 1960

lS.r9 wyAJj ' ~J U" l;4.- ~

= 0.5-' .J1..u1 ...r.,s:.......J .J ~ L... ~.Ji

(7

4..IT c)oo L.,.;,)'I J">~ J .)1l = 10g2~ ~Iy...; I j-J~

~ I 0.rb ~ p ~ ,ooL.,.;,)' 1~ J.,;.y ~I.) .r..ra-:J'

(43
l ogs 625 = 4 (2

1088 512 = 3 (1

1087 343 = 3 (4

1082 16 = 4 (3

1
l og3 27 = - 3 (6

10g 9 81 = - 2 (5

1089 1 = 0 (8

10812 144 = 2 (7

(7 J~ ) .0Jy-a.\1J:,\..Q.:JI 4Ah:..., ,j

~\

0.rb ~ 0Jy-a.\\.k.OJ..ul>- .r.~ 4..1 \ 0...l..>-\

..) ooL.,.;,),1 ~ -.::.-; \5 1: . L:;.;l.'- .)\5 y-JI .:}J.J ,~LJI
0~ J ') <.?l; ,~\ i y)\ c) ooL.,.;, )' I J .)L..; ~WI i yJ\

(a

-.

'

.- \ ..ul>- I~
, 1 . - .ol ~ ooL.,.;,)l I .h.....o
.'_
'

~~.r--

JJ

~ooL.,.;,)' I

o.)l>. ~ ' 0L. ."h..J~ '7" )I~ 1 j;lA.:.>-1c..S..lo i f L;.AJ I ~;J (44
c).)L....L..., ~ J .) .r. ..\Z ~.) ' ~.:..r

-.:.j .) ~ r

J L:,.:. \

4..I.)L....oJI J ~~ '-E""'IJ..u1uLaA.J1 o~ 1 ~ 0~ l:) 1 0.)L.

~..;1 1 k\JI .)...l..>- t ~,y(t) = 85 - 6 1082 (t

+ 1)

16 4 = 8 (10

113 = 1331 (9

6-3 = _1_ (12

216

9- 1 = .l (11
9

4 6 = 4096 (14

28 = 256 (13

1.
25 2 = 125 (16

27 3 =9 (15

' '-E''"'IJ..u1uLaA.J1o~ 1 ..u..:

~

: .;~ ko js- ~...I.-:-) i

( J , 4 .J ':i ~1)

(t = 0) '-E""'IJ..u1uLaA.J1~~ c) .)L....L..., ~ J ') L. (a

log6 1 (19

1
10g2 128 (18

10g B 169 (17

10g1O 0.01 (22

10g 10 10 (21

10841 (20

log6 216 (25

1
log4 64 (24

log3 '9 (23

l og m 11 (28

l og32 2 (27

10g 27 3 (26

l og 1 512 (30

l og1 3125 (29

~ki 3 ~~ ~J.)L. ( b
~ Ik 15 ~ ..u..:~ J .)L. (c

: ~ ~.A ko 4..Ib JS ~

f(x) = 4 1082 (2x - 4) + 6 (45

f(x) = -3 log 12 (4x + 3) + 2 (46
f( x ) = 15 108 14 (x

+ 1)

- 9 (47

1
ogl216 (31

"8

~ l>...u l ~ J\..O;)'I o.)l:..> t: o.)l>. 0 ~ 1 .) \.);

:C- L-. '-/-t ko 4..Ib u1< <J""

I:,

( 5, 6 .J':i~I )

I ":" U ~! (48

, 4..I.)L....oJ ~ 0 )1l: ) I......;)I ~ .;s rJ 0~1 ~ J ..\Z j , .) 'j~ )' 13

..,j\..O;1~ <.?jJl ~ I a ~ , 5(a) = 10

f(x) = 10gl x (33

+ 20 1084 (a + 1)

. a ~ 0 ,0 )ll:)\ ..j )l~ .)l>.)'1.) ~ l>...ul ~

f (x ) = 2 10g 1 x - 5 (35

.a t}J1 c) 4J...I.-:-) ..;11 ~ I

u-- J5 ~ -'~
. ~~ 4..I1..u1

j.

(b

a t}J1,j &l:-LJ ' C t}J1 , j ~l.;J1 ~ I ~ I ( d

, 1 _ 1_ 0 <: ~ IL, -\A; \ J.,;.y ..,l>...ul 'i
-t:;
;-\
~ .r.:-'C ' '-'

.r l..l"'-'

f( x)

f(x) = l og 1 x (37

= 4 log4 (x -

f(x) = 4 10g 2 X

f (x) = 6 log , (x
"8
f (x)

(c

= lo g3 x

(32

6) (34

10

~l>.11 ~ o~ ~ ~ 1:>1..;i 5(0 ) ~ 10 ~I ";---:' (a

)\5 ...I.-:-.)i .J l:J 10000 0~\ .)-'~ ,.)l>. )il3

.s (3), S (15), S (63) :.:..r

f(x)

+ 2)

= 10g 1 (x + 1) -

(39

9 (41

f (x) = - 3 log
f(x)

=-

(36

+2

(38

810g 3 (x - 4) (40

4..I 1..u1 i f ~ ...I.-:-) .i f J..u I ~I~ "~I ~W " .';';

(7J~ )

+6

cJl ~

' f~ (42

. o \.b..J \ ~J l.'-".u 1

0_p log7 51, logs 61, log9 71 :..:r J5 ~ 0.Jli

'.>:>-P

(54

~ G:-! ~3 ~ yS''j \ 4-: \ ~3 ,~WIJ~ \

o.JraJ l cP

~.Jli-.) oA " ..,...:51 I L.~ 41L..... (55

:~\' I ..:-'jW l..:r j5J y = 10g [, x

\ j)u I..:r) lr~~I~')I.;.JJ.i.,.-:J~~ I..:r j , c ~j (49

~ oJ G ~1 ..:r j 015 I ~ ~ . ~ 015 L. ~ t.... ~~ ~
,~)I
o .r":
-: li t "":"""""
, G = 33
/ ogbf ~
L 'L.. ~
"'Ii u
...,
.
- L. ~
~~I ~JWI ~~ j''''''.r:.:J1 ~I..u ~ ~~I L,JWI ~~ b

....".r:.:J1 ~ ~ ~

25 l,5JL..; Y (a

cl:.>..; l,5.iJ1..:r) 1L. , 16 h ~~ ~~ ~I..:r j ~ (a

~L. ~ ~ y ( b

~ 1024 t.... ~~ ~ oJ ll..G..:r ~~ L, ~ 40.)1

130~y (c

,5 h ~~ I ~~I..:r oJ ~ 1..:rj0l5 b1 ( b
t.... ~~ ~ oJll..G..:r ~~ ~ 20 "-J1Cl:.>..; l,5.iJ1

-:"";) 1W

1 l,5JL..; x (d

~~ 160000
;jl.ill

~~ g (x ) = a 10g1O (x

- lz)

+ k 0 15 I~l , ~ I

(56

.t;~ ,.k~l l .iA ~ ~ C~~ , 10g1Ox ~.J li-. ylJl

~ 4:--> 6 ;K:.; ~ ,"'-" ~ E.coli ~~;K:.; (c

. E.coli ~~ ~ I ..:r j ,-:---,",1.4.4 h J~ 1296

L...Q1
-~l
~
...)A
o ')U I ..:-IA.J I ,y- ~I 0.JL,J I ~ .b- , ~, ~ l (50

Y=(57
y = 3D-X (59

Y = 0.2(5)- X (60

2 2 11 <.1. (62
- 16

32 5 p + 2

311 - 2 > 27 (61

165 p (64

;::

~ G:-1 ~ ~LS?\JI

(tf

y = -2.5(5)-' (58

16 11 < 8" +

(63

0~,~ ~ \~ ib , x,y~,y =l og bX0l5b 1 , ....I.>.J (51

~ 3 . I ~\ ~ "j ) C'L,.>-\ 3 \ L:;I ~ J ~I J l ~.ri-d l

. ~~ G:- !

J 13..u 1~ <JLJI ~ 10 1 ~ JyO.; , lh;..J, ~ l (52

U.J" ~~ l,5\ 0'1 \ (0, 1) .:i.kJ1ci Y .J~ I ~ ~.J li-. ylJl

= 45,\ + 2
9 ,\ 2 = 27 x2 - 2
2 6,\

(67

9-' = J.... (66

cP 4\ .l,5I)

1w 1y- ~ 0~ 0 50 ,) . i l,53L...: ~ l.1".:')U

~ G:- l ~ ~~I .r"

81

(69

493p + 1

= 72p -

5 (68

, log.!. 49 ~ r-V J 4- ..:r J5 ..:-~)

2 D

4 C

=x

ci x ~ L.

;j .)L....J1

1 B

(70

.l A

3 4 2

('log
.1. W.. L. (71
.
2 32
-5 D

_1..
5

1 B

5 A

1091 If'1
'7

=Y

(1.)Y = If'1
7

(7- 1)y = 72

(7)-Y= 7

2 C

1 B

oA

Wj , 49 ==)'
7

3 D

i..b>J, ~~ (53

.& G:-l .J.r. ~~~G:-l~~1

~ log8 16

y= - 2

49 7 == .!.
7

( 7 2) 7 == ( 7)- '

7 2J' == ( 7)- '

= 3 lo g 2 (x -

f(x)

+5
(1 + x)

f(x ) = -4 log.1 (x - 2)
f(x)

= 2 + log ,

= 3(4Y

(1

+5

(2

= - 0.5 (3)-'" + 2 + 4

(3

-3(~r - l + 8

(4

~L..AA: J ' ~0 ~ 6000 ~ ~~ ~~0 1~ ' r~

(5

f(x)

1) (13

f(x)

(14
(15

f( x)

f(x) =

:iH .....J.J ~)li- .,u\ o)y.aJ1 \... l .) ~ ':"" J y:;..;.1 (16

=-

(2)-'"

(2-J V"J...u1) ~ (625)4 = 5

="4 c

log62s 5

="4

log .!_5 = 625 D

logs 625

=4

logs 625

.;JUJI u~.Y' 4;;\'1 ;;";L) 10)'~ 1 <.5 1 I .) ~

~Jl;) \

(2-J vo.)...ul )

( 2-2 VOJ...u I)

~ 4..lL..,.;;....,\ ~ y

= nb

. ~ 28000 L",.).J.>-

J>- 4.:-.J.;Jb ~I

o)y.aJ1

. ~ J ..L....J ~ ~J _-~ \ ~')W l

f(x ) = log.1 (x + 5) + 3
A
( (x ) .
- 5 - 4
3
- - - 2 -- 1 -

J L) \ ~ ~ 4;;\'\ ~~\ Jlj..l..ll L?i I .) ~ ':"" )~ , (6

(2-1V" J...u 1) ~ (0 , 125), (3, 1000) ~ ~

-

f(x) = 125(3)-'" A

8)0 121 4 16:r

= 1000 (3)-'"

= 125(1000)-'"

f(x)

- 4 - 3 - 2- 10
1 2 3 4 .r
- - 1 -

- , - - 2
--

f(x)

- 3

f(x)
D
-~~

'i 1995 i t>- ~ 45000 c:>..wl <.5.b-j c:>ts::......).J.>- C:>\5 ulS:.... (7

(2-2 VO)...ui) i 2007 it>- ~ 68000 ~ r".).J.>- ~\;J

f(Y)

2 4 6_ 8 10 12 14x

= 125(2)X D

6 -

(a

.).J.>- .) ~ .) jI ."....:-- \ b j;;;:'L. X .AA: Y ~ AJ\ ~,)Ic.>J \ .) .J.>-

':"" Jy:;..;. 1 (17

. - f (x)
8 ~

e:-" i

--- 4 -:
- 6

- 4

-- 8

-H

~ 4..lL..,.;;....,1 ~ y
2

6 H _ 10 12) 4 1~ x

~i

= a b x 0) y.a..l l <..>1>:- ~i ;;j!.) ~I

1995 it>- .i..

:i.:....,

(a

x ok y -'.:.:..w l c:>ts::......).J.>

- 6

( 2-J j" )...u l)

: .;~ W j5" ~..L::- )1

log, 32 (18
(2-2 ""' J...u l j

: ~ ~ ..:,,.., ~) , .;~ w -'.:.:~ .JS j;.

5 2x + 3

lo g 164 (20

:-::;

125 (10

162x + .1 < 64 (11

(3;Y + 32: 16.1x (12

ul4u~..)LC.#t ~, ItO>
Properties of Logarithms

pH..;,:;.......
2.1

3.5

~.

J.W I

-, -,=JftJ
'4:ft!J
~

u l.;~ ~ J~ ! L

4.2

';J

. ~.; ~.jJ

6.4

7.0

~~ i-,ul;~~i

7.8

~L....:..;..J~l.;
.uLU:.;~".u 1

www.obeikaneducation.com

= y ':>l5 I~j .6.9 3 b ) lo g bx = 1 0g bY ':>~' b i= 1 ~ ~.r" I ~~ b':>l5 b) 1~L...:u..J~.#1 ~L.->

~l> ~WI o ..L.. ~.J l ogsx = l og 58 .:>~ x = 8 ':> l5 I ~u ' x = 8 .:>~ d ogsx = logs8 .:>l5 I ~j )~
~L.a..>- .:..r- ~L.a..>- JLA.:..;,I ~ 'J'"'""'""\I ~ ~.; u~.J l.i- ylJl .:>i ~3 ,~...J l.i-ylJl J13..ill o13 ~1
' J'"'""'"" \II c.} '-:-'J....iJ1~ l>.:..r- u~).i. ylJl c.} ,-:-,.riJ1~l> JLA.:..;,I ~.J J'"'""'"" \I I
.x

: 0~ b =1= 1 ~ '4 3A ~ 1~I ..uo i x, y, b.:uLS I:>!

.logb xy = 10gb x + log., Y
log, [(5)(6)] = log, 5

, u~.J l.i- ylJl ~.rU J ~ ~.J ,b" = Y.J ' bill

log., 6

= x .:>i J>.}I , ~ W I o..L.. ~ u

. In

L;Y

= 10gb x, Il = !ogbY .:> 12

blllb " = xy
bill + 11 = xy

10g b b'" + 11 = log, xy

m

log;

uL..:U..J~# t e;8 '";J~ I

+ Il = 10gb xy

+ log , Y = 10gb xy

'4.-Li. J L-:u..1

lJ~

. log4 192 ~ ~ji:llog4 3 ~ 0.7925 Jo.-.:-. I

192 =6-lx 3 =-l ' x 3

'::'~ )~l '~..,.......,;..rl~~

.:. ~ )t.:.;JJ ~L.y , _~ Lo..;.J I

lo g4 192

= IOg4 (43

X ' )

= lo g4 4 3 + l og4
= 3 + 1084 3

"=

+ 0.7925 "= 3.7925

~WA~ ~

. l og4 32 ~ ) ~ Y lo g4 2

= 0.5 ~I

(1

. ~ ~ o~..! l.i- }.ll..) ~I ~L>- J

'c..r-"'':I\ c..,b

10gb x

j~ ~ c..r'L..'':I \ ob LSyAJ\ ~
II

b'"

b"

b'"

log bill b

111 -

[H +]

~ pH =

loglO [;+1 : ~)W4

.4.2 oJ pH ~ ~I )o...J1,J' .rJ

/I

~~ )~~ l_~ ~ I ~l>

logw I = 0

~L.
- I ~ ~~ l ~ ~~

~.JL<.l '~~

by

IZ =

10g b!..

r
= log , Y

.j .:.r.:":" J~ \ cJYoi f-S" .; ~ J i . .rJ js:J Jy o..l>Yo .:.r.:":"J..!~ I

. ~ \ )o...J \ ,J'

p ll = 4.2

= !..
Y
= lo g !..

pH J~ ~J ..!~I ..r~ I ~ ' '''~

.:.r.:":" J ..!~ I~~J"-" ~}bJ \J .~ I~ pH~ J , pH .:>~ l~4..lLJ I.}~ i

4,J.->~ ' ~.bh.l '

11

10g b m - log , n

':"Yoif-S"';~

j i } x,

= In , 10gb Y = IZ j~ ! ' bm = x, b = Y cJi ...?}\

[H+].:>~ )'

p H - log

4b-J

I ~l

j.:J .}

4..l .:> LuJ I ~ I

I~
.:ro~~I~ I~ 1

I ' ..:.

10 [H+j

v-

4.2 = log lO [H+]

. ~ I ,,-!.,:o .n u.~J ~ 1

42
. = I0 g
10I - loglO [H+]
4.2

=0 -

, ,,-!~ I ,y. JJ}-A ~ I ~ IJ

. , ~ i .J~I ~ ~ W

log lO [H+]

4.2 = -log lO [H+ ]

- 4.2 = log lO [H+]

10- 4.2

= [H+]

. ~\ )o...J I ,J' ..l>\} l jll\.} ~~ ~J ..!~\ ,J' J y 0.000063 Ji 10- 4 2 ~ Y- ' ':'' ~ l

pH

= -t.2

I~

4.2 = IOgl O [H+]

4.2

=? log lO 10-1 4 2

4.2 = log lO 1 - loglO1O-.t2

7

4.2 == 0 - (- 4.2)
4.2 = 4.2 ./

~~~ ~
o raJI "..l...:;, R ~

,L

= 10 log lOR ~ ~ ~J ,(d B) J.:-.: ...u ~ L ;:raJ1lLi;) ..rlA.:

. 120d B ~Li; ) 0

.:ro,jF ~ ,~ I ~ I

u~ l o~1.J ' 0L;.....ulJa~1

I ~.J- (2

raJ ~ I o..u l ~ J i . ~ I

0~ .b

=1=

1 ~ , x .b ~~ U=~~ ~ i.9 .m ~ ~~ ~~

= m 10gb x
log , 65 = 5 log, 6

10gb x'"

Jli4

lJli.A
log 2 25 ~ '-:"' ~ , log, 5 :::::: 2.3219 LJ l5' I ~ !
5 2 = 25

log2 25 = log2 S:!

4,l~)' I:""~1

'w4- !u-- ~ '~

2 4.6438 ~ j ~ \-; 3 J lO...o

'w 4-"j'..l...,....W I ~
~~ ~.,;J '
w~..l , 4=~ 2 5

1082 25", 4.6438

101;2 5 = 2.32 19

::::::

2(2.3219) :::::: 4.6438

. log3 49 ~ '-:"' ~ , log3 7 :::::: 1.7712 LJ15 b! ( 3

Jli.A

. log 4 %4 ~ ~ 1

. 4 oj 0 .J~ ~
_

V'64 ( f ~ ,4 ~.J~ yiJ1...rLi LJj ~

1

V6-t = 6-t 5"

log, V'64

= log 4 645

4' = 6-1

3
= 51
0g4 4

= l5 (1) = l5
~~~ ~
log 7 {!49 (48

log 6 ~ (4A

.2

4 643 8
""
.

25 wi ~

I:";'='

oJ.raJI .)10~ I 0J.raJI i f ~...J\j.yUI w l).~ 1 ~ l:5 O.)\.p') w ~J \j. yUl ~L..a.>- J ~I ~
.,-:"", ~ .)1Jy -W ly -S~IJ ' c;' .)1~ IJ , ~ .)1 ,-:"",.r'J1Lk 0 ~ ~1 ,;;j yU\
AJ~I :i~l.:' ~...J~.Jl11 ':'IJ~I ~us

: ;;j ..,bJ I . J .raJ ~ ";~ t.....;.; ;;_~~ J\j.} 0).:-" JS ~\

log 212 x Sy-2 ( a
12,

.15

' '-:""' ~ J-"'l>- ~J \j..,.1 if o ~ \ 0J~ \

log 2 12x 5y - 2 = log 2 12

+ log 2x5 + log 2 v ?

= log 2 12 + 5 log 2 X -

2 log 2 Y

log 2 a 2 b - 3 C - 2 ( b

.:.l'.~J Li. .rUI~..,, ~ ';;"""1>

.0~I 0J.r-:JI

log 2 n2 b - 3 c - 2 = log 2 n2 + log 2 b - 3 + log 2 c - 2

J 1;;J..,w10J.r-:JI ~. ~Jl.'. }J1 0

IJ LJ\ ~ l:5 o.)!.>-! . j ~ UI0L:,..Jl.'.}JI ~l..a.>- J~\ ~..J

:i.) ,o':"".!1 :i~l.:' d.!.'.!.J~.Jl1I':'I.J~1 ~US

:o~loJ"...aJ~";~ t.....;.; ;;_~u\j.}

4 log 3 x -

JS ~\
+ 6) ( a

oJl.:-"

t log3

(x

~ I~...JU.,J

.,i t~ I ~JLi.,J
t~ <$., I.....: "i~~ 1
,

4 log3 .1- 3 1og3 (x

I

+ 6) i = \Ix + b

+ 6) = log, .1 4 - log3 (x + 6)3

= log3x4

log 7 VX

+ 2) + 61og 7 2.1

log , x Iog , 4.

(b

+ 2 + log 7 64 x 6

~~~ a
log 3 (2 .1 - 1) -

t log , (x +

1) (68

4) 1=

----------

- log3 \Ix + 6

O.51og 7 ( x

':'~JI..;. ,.u 1 ~~.,i

log, (x

- 5 log 2 (x + 1) + 3 log 2 (6x ) (6A

I
I

I
I
I
I

I
I

- ./

(4 Jl;..o)

log2

V'32

: ~t: k. O';~ JS ~ ,-:---,""1

log s

(20

V25

k. u15 ~ ,-:-,,:.?J log, 5 "" 1.1610 dog q 3 "" 0.7925 ~ I

( 1 Jl;..o) :~t:

(19
5

4 log2

-J8

(22

\149

(21

V125

(23

3 log ,
50 log s

10gq3" (2

log 4 15 (I

log q 18 (4

log q 4" (3

l ogq 5 "" 1.1610 , lo gq 3 "" 0.7925 , lo g, 2 = 0.5 ~I

( I Jl;..o )

: ~4 k. JS ~ ,-:-,,:.?J

log q 20 (6
log 11 ab- qc 12d 7 (26
lo g q

log 9 6x 3y Sz

log q 3" (8

10 t 211 v - 3 (28

log7

100 3x + 2 (30
1::>2 ViI - 5x
( 6 J l;..o)

(25

logq 30 (5

h 2j11 k - S

log s a 6 b- 3 c

(27

3 log s x - ilogs (6 - x) (31

- j log, (5x + 1)

log q 9 (9

(29

: o~ l o .;~~ ~4 ~ ~)j..,Jo .; ~JS~1

5 log 7 (2x)

logq 3" (7

,tL.i;'.;'1lo ,)~jLt.,S~I k...aJ I~~ I J ~ I ~ (11

JL........:.....~..?' a tL.i;'.;'1I~t.,S~ 1 k...aJ1~ ,) ~1 ~3

. J l.5:..... L:J ~ k...aJ1P ~ , a = 15500(5 - 10g lO P) ,uyWI

<J 0.;~..LJ 1 J ~ I ~ ~ J l.5:..... U ~ t.,S~1 k...aJ1~ ~ 31

(32

( 2J l;..o) . o L; ,)i J.J~ 1

7 lo g 3 a + log 3 b - 2 log 3 (8c) (33

2 log s (9x) - log s (2x - 5) (34
2 log, (Sa)

+ log 6 b + 7 log 6 c (35

log2 x - log 2 Y - 3 log2

u L;y-i j?; '-:-'~ j-Pl>-

r r; ~L..U IT-l:J1~ ~ '" ~

[OH-]..1.;-5 3.;--4-1 l uL;y-i j?; <J (H +)..:.r.:- 3.;--4-11

(36

(37

(01) t L;;; J :.' 1

~ I'-'UI

88 50

7074

6872

.r~ ,p. u G:-.;,) 8.3 ~~ ~ .;I o.,,'J> ~~ I ~.Ji '::"1 ~ (12

r LY <J3 'r 1906 r LY ~/ \I I ~ I) .:>L. .uh.:.., ~.;

I ~l ..r:';'''u.r~,p. u

G:- .;,)5.9 o~ ~.;I Of' ~~ r1979

~ x ~ ,M= 10g lOx ,u)luJ~ ~ M 0~1 o~':> 1 ~

( 2 J l;..o)

O~I~..L.:. r1906r LY ~.;\l1 0~ 1 ~..L.:. t.,S3L; 0/ rS

= [H +][OH -] LS'" ~L..U IT-l:J1~ L; ~

..rJ

jSJ j.,,~ L j? .rJ1 JLr l~\l1

.log [OH -] 3 log [H +] ;,J'1..l.; log K w us- ~ (a

at) <J ;,J,)L...JI ~ . 1 x 10 - 14 c/' ; ~ L:.l 1 d.....}

(a

~ r 1979 r LY ~ .;\11

H,O

~ ~ Kw

. ~.;\l l o~ l o ..L.:.

(b

~~.:> I .;..lA.9 J3\11 ~.;\l 1 0~1"""""':'; ~.;..L..o.; (b

...::...;15 ~I ,p. 0~ \l 1-:.J,) ~ ...l> 3 ,uG:-.;,) 8.3
~ J \II O~I ~..L.:. t.,S 3L......; 0/ ~ 'C::- .;'1 I,p. uG:-.;,) 7.9
~ 0 ~ \I I ~ -:.J,) t.,SjJ1.r-ilil <J ;...L.:JI.".:.>..:.; L",.;.:i.; .,.:JI
lo g 3 5 ::::: 1.465 , l og s 7 ::::: 1.2091, log 68 ::::: 1.16 06 , .:>15 I~ !
( 3 Jl;..o )

: ~4 k. JS ~ '7' ~ , log 79 "" 1.1292

lo gs 49 (14

log325 (13

log781 (16

log 6 48 (15

log7 729 (18

log6512 (17

.Kw.J .\:,)..wl ~ I ~
~WI U" ~ ";..:.r.:- . .u--4-1l uL;y-i j?; ':>15b! (c
~ ..1.;-5_u..L;+l1 u L; y-i j'; W , .rJ jSJ J y 1 x 10 - 9

:th.:>. i1 ~ J~ ~ o)~ JS c.:...;\S I ~! ~ .b

0 ')1:.11 u\).~ 1 <f ~ I oA~ I ~.b- . ~ , ~ I (51

: & l.::-!~j 'L5?'~ 1

10g 8 (x - 3)

110gb 24

= 10gb 2 + 10gb 12 1110gb 24 = 10gb 20 + 10gb 4 1

1 10gb 24

= 10gb 8 + 10gb 3 1110gb 24 = 10gb 4 + 10gb 61

log s 22x

j. ~ -S ~ ~ "=,.iJ1 ,-?-4-!\ ~~\ ~ f ~ ~I

(2- I .rJ..uI) J~ ko JS .j ~ ~ JS ~

= 2 x ; g (x ) = _ 2 x
j(x ) = 5 x ; g(x ) = 5 x + 3
j(x ) = (t
g(x ) = (t
2

r;

r-

(52
(53

(54

10g

97

~ ".;J I ~ )'l\ ulj+l l

o)..w l

.R

= 30

+ 2) =

10g 4

log 7 3 (42

X -

+ 10g 4 2

o L; ~i Jj~\ ~

~.) i u tj.2> (46

:..i\A.
LS

-~

,.1939

6.0

~~~

,.1963

7.8

j~ 1

,.1970

7.0

L..:......A
. .)i

,.1988

6.4

~ 1.r"

,. 2004

~L5? ':1\ o-t,.;. j:..o 100 J ~L,u L...- I.b-! o-t,.;. c.:...; L5 ~
(I - 7 u- J..u I )

j(x)

= X + 73 ,g(x) = X 1

g(x) = 7x - 11, hex) = 7x

(2-2 -.>"J..ul) :dl>

= 9x - 3

+ 6) =

5 (64

34x

+ 11

= 33 x,

t.?i
t.?ij

r.5

~-t,.;. c.:...;L5 b! ~) 0j" v~ .r>u..) if~ J>- "-':- )~

(b
~r 1963 r'-"l,.j")L.Py- oj" o-t,.;. j:..o 1000 J ~ L,u

(60

ko '-lG- vlSJ ~)\S:.) 0J~

(61

1-

A.>~;uL..... (47
:'-lyhJIoJ"...aJL..:s- ~ ~ , .;~

J>- 'It::.....,...:51

. ~ j '-:-'

49 x = 7 ' - ;) (63

2 log 5 12 - log 5 8 - 2 log 5 3 ~ L., (65

10gs3 (
log 52 A
1 0

~y

10g::;0.5 B

= 10g2 (x+ 1) + 3 ~)\S:.}.II '-ll..ill Y &WI r

(a

73 (59

~..r ~j -J~ ko '-l~L.... JS j;

(62

.r'"' v L:o \;... ("'':-u \S:."J

(a

.o"i j ~ j '-7'.rP v L:o \;... (".::.:J \S:.)

~

(43

4 10g 9 z (45

~ L5?<~ 1 o-t,.;. Jt::..i 10 J~L,u w l.b-! o-t,.;. c.:...;L5 ~ f'

,-:-,) i .)! EU1'7')

,,-,? 'YJ ~ '-lb';~ ko j-iJb JS c.:...;\S I ~! ~ .b

log2 (x

1- = lo g 7

= 120w c.:...;L5 b! L., j lp

(u,.L... ;;Jl,;.A) . ~

(41

~ ~\ -J~.RJI ) L::JI ~ L., ' r j 'l ~ ~jl.<-.J I R d, \"J~

35x 81 1 -

8.0

P~ ,I = (f )2 "bWI JL......:.....~ j lp- ~

: ~I .?~ c:

= 5 10g 2 y

= 210g 9 X + 3 10g 9 Y-

10g 10 0.001 (55

(40

..r>u..) if ~ J>- 4.:.. JS o"ij ,.jlml r~.rP ~ \

~ \j .rr"'lL I .)L.RJI ) L::JI ~ ,-:-,L.>- ~ r.l:J.HS (58

= 19 10g lO k

10g 8 p4 = (log 8 p)4 (44

x 2y3

:m...-.

10g 3 27 X (57

(39

10g2 y S

10g 4 (z

log 8 3 (38

= log s 22 + log s x

10g 10 19k

log 7

j(x)

= 10 g 8 x -

L.,

(66

1 (

3 A

2 B

.0."..oJI ~J\j,} ~l>-

o.,;:-l....,........ ':II ~L.a>- ~I

~ .)..wl ~I ~ log

rx:

va

(c

':' l.2o.H (48

(n2 ) ~J\j,}.I 1 oJ~1 ~ ..1.:o.:i (49

.

.w ...ul

4_~4-'=J~.#t U~~c.:~~t-9

u'J~~t ~

Solving Logarithmic Equations and Inequalites

.........

<:1,0>'1..........

~...:a l ~~'

';'l.....o.o:.~,~

40-72

ij'.~\l4.lJ

f ...... ,..

,.
,.,

4.)1..r- J-'..J Fujita) 4- "';.f"~ cr~ .r--"'~\II o...L..:. cr li

FO - F6 .;.,~ t:'.)1J-::-"' ~ \I I V'~ I I..i.", ~J F ..r-)~

~
; ' ~I

1 -t ........ -

.....".

113 -151

' 2

; l-..:. Y lt,)l;J1

158206

.,>
' ,3

.....,

. .-:> u..

207-26 0

' ,4

.:,,').....~...I.I

I-

73 -112

':" ) 4-J 1

wlJ~ ~ >~ ! ':"""J>

" _-~J~.,J

Jyb J <jl..a.YjU ~~I c.UI ~..r" ~

.I.:::-....G j l..a.Y \I I ...L..:.i :ci ...j" F- 6 .\..:..iJ 1,) <4:r.".J.J1 c j..l9,)

<......0f".J <OjL..

; .....:....)~~I..:.,,)'.,)~I c.?~

:a.! ..-~ ~.,.ul '::'/i .,)~ l J.:..

~j~.}.I 1 ~~ J L.....:......I ~,) . rs-i) ...l.>-I,) ~j~} ~

. ~.;l"} .;.,'Y.,)L....

'.J~~ ,~
' ~ ~J~.,J w :i, L..A J.>i

J>- ~ o~LJJ

~~J ~".u l

lJli.A
. 10836 X

10836 x

logarithmic equation
. ~ ~J~".u l ~~ I

3 ..
-}
= '2..
b UI ~

;D, L...,j1

logarithmic inequality

www.obeikaneducation.com

36 =

61

= (62) 2"

x = 63 = 216

" .r'J ''' ~ ~l;.

. ~\I I ;..bU \-)21 6; x.y-,-",,~ I ~I

~YI Ll,~ 1

10836 x

=? "23

10836216

= "2

? 3

7 3
10g 36 (36)(6) = "2
? 3
10 836 36 + log 36 (36)21 =
"2

1+1 ~2
2

22 =22 ""
~;,r~ ~
1089 x

4 D

2 C

- 1 B

' ~ ~J~.,J w ~ l.F-o J.> i

-2 A

(lA

.:dYJ

I.JL.,:;.;.I "";"'~ I

~JS,-",,=~~

~'-J I ;..]'~I~~

J.>.l ' ........... ir~

= log 2 3x

log , (X 2 - 4)
X2 X2 -

I.)LF>"JI ;;~J>

4 = 3x

3x - 4 = 0

+ 1) = 0
3\ X + 1 = 0

(x - 4)(x

=0

x- 4

x = 4

x = -1

x = 4

log 2 (4 2

4)

-1

X =

= Jog, 3(4)

log 2 [(_1 )2 - 4]
log 2 (- 3)

log 2 12 = log, 12 ./

= log, 3(-

1)

= log2 (-3) X

~~~ ~
. 10g 3 (x 2 - 15)
15 J

= log 3 2x .bL.....J1j.;..

-1 G

5 H
. ~)." J.ll I ...::..: ~ ,) L.....J 1

(2

- 3 F

y- ,j "'::":~.Jl"-)J\ ~L.a.>- J ~ \ ~3

uL.e.:U.-JI1:.,.u I ~ '":"~ I ~L> J ~l.:' u"./ .3Ua.o J.>

. ~ if ~J ' 10g 6 X

+ 10g 6 (x

3JU-.
9)

+ log 6 (X

log 6 X

log 6 X

= 2 ..bL.....J IY

- 9) =

3J l\.A

(x - 12)(x

+ 3)

3\
X

10g6 X
log6 12

+ log6 (x

- 9)

+ 10g 6 (12 log6 12

=2

log6 x

=2
]

9)

log6 (-3)

+ log6 3 ~ 2

IOg6 (12 . 3)

=2

log6 36

=2

.d- log,

0 ~ -3 ;>90 i ~J '
.4j , L..."U

x = - 3

+ log6 (x

+ log6 (-

~ 4j, L....J IJ ~0h'j.J

+ 3 =0

= 12

log6 (-3)

- 9)

=2 1~1

3 - 9) ~ 2

log6 (-1 2) l: 2

(- 12) 310g6 (-3) LJ \ ~

'L!""'''; f

J> - 3 LJ~ ~ J"-"

2 =2 ./
.X

= 12 r j.>J\ LJ~

, ~J

~~~ Q
log 6 X

+ log 6 ( X + 5) = 2

(3B

2 10g

7X

,4j , L....J 1J~

,x >o ~ log 6x J l>..A

,x >9 ~ log 6(x-9) J ~

=0
=0

9 x - 36

J:>b CY' ll:-i-..D I

x (x -9) = 6 2
x2

->:.u.:i

J ~ I~ .u.:; ~
,~ !

=2

(X - 9)

~.lJ I Jjl>.l l

= 10g 7 27 + log , 3

(3A

x >9

:>b u--:;J x =

~.J ,.;si ) ~J \j. .,1 oJw:' ~ ~ L.:... <./' ~J\.&..,lJ1 ~L.;;..JI ::aJ "':Ju:.,uI"::'~~ 1 ~
I

.o..l>-I y

~J\j..,1 oJw:' ~ ~J\j..,1 u ~~ uW ~'J I ~ W I J~I

x > bY 0 ~ , lo g bx >y ~ x > 0, b > 1015 I:>!

a < x < bY 0~

, logbx <y ~ x > 0 , b > 1015 I:>!

;;oblJ 4.!tl--<:J~.,.r ;;J~~':'~~J.:a.

4JU-.

. lo g ) x > 4 ~ ~I j;.

log3 x> 4

.,.:al ~I~~

x > 81

. ~j.....o

x >

~u.-~ ~

:";4 k. ~ ~ J5' J>

log 2 .1' < 4 ( 48

log4 X ~ 3 (4A

..:.r}}aJ1'jS <-i""""';; <..T"L..\1 1~ ~J\j..,1 0:' J ~ ~ u~~ j>J

.J.A....a.l1 ,:?.JL;) i f Jii .)I...t>:-\I

~'JI ~WI J~I ~

~J \j. yUl .i>i .i}..o\I I ~ ~ I <-i ~-,.w.y- ~ c?1 ~I ":"lb- i f ~I

x > Y 015 I:> ! ~~ I:>! logbx > log bY 0~ , b > 1 015 I:>!

.x

< Y 0 15 I:>! ~s

I:>! logbx

< lo g bY J

. x > 35 0 ~ , log6x> log635 0 15 I:>!

5JU-.

. log4 (x

+ 3) >

log4 (2x

log4 (x

+ 1) ~~I J>

+ 3) > log4 (2.1' + 1)

.1' + 3> 2.1' + 1

2 > .1'

,2.1' + 1 :-s; 0 ) x + 3 :-s;

~Jl.O~~~ ~.....;..,

34

a ~ c?1 x ~ ~I

.{x1- t < x< 2} <./' j>J1 ~~ 0~!

~WA~ ~

. log s (2.1' + 1) :-s; log s (x + 4) ~~I J> (5

l> ...:.o ~Jl.O.,.u 1 w~Y

..:...L~-..> ~ LS~

~..> \.i.";...r'~ ~ }1\ ..:..o l ./~ \ o"'; ...r'l i

4.J;W ~ M ~..>~ l o ~l o "'; ~J ' ./~ "> ...r' ~ ~

. ~..>')' I ;S .rJ.l ~\ ~ yJl ~

= 10g 1O x

x ~ ,M

...r'~~ ..:..o~ ..> ~6 ~~)Of~Y'~&r.5

(a

~~..>
u

log 16 X

= "43

(2

log25 x

= "25

(4

log81 x

log6 36

=x

(6

log, 27

="23

(8

",,~..:..ob, ~ 8 1~..T
. : ", """'"
,i o ..I'~ <.:,.. J ... ~ C~ l7~ o../,.., ,..s
~
.
. J
J
\

(b

L>~ ..:..o~ ..> ~ 5 4i"'; ~ ) of ~ Y' ~ 6.; ..> \.A.. ~..>

: .;~ ~ 4.J~t..... J5 j;.

( 1 ...It.:...)

1f'.,L:: (28

log 8 x =

34 (1

= "43

(3

logs "2

=x

(5

log, 32

= "25

(7

= log2 32

(9

= log 2 8

(10

~"""';';...r'~\

Jl;J1

i"

~I :LIU\ o..i..o. ci ~ :;~~ ':')l.!~ .

I

. Y = log4 x, y

(29

= lo g , x ~ I .ill

5 log2 X

3 log2 x

1 1

log , 48 - log , n

a i. . s (.
.!.

log7 (x-3 )

,-:,, )A.:.l \.b# ~(f~I..U \~~ 0..>L; l ~

(a

~x ..>~ \~\.A.. J

. ~ I ..u l ~ ~ ,;j")W I .......<....o

~l;J\ ..:..o ~1 ..:..o'iv..~.y ";.r" \.. ~ I

Q~

6 (11

log 3 2x

+ 10g 3 7 = log 3 28

log2 (4x)

+ log2 5 =

+ log7 (x -2) = log,

log,

II

3 log10 8 -

~ (b

= log ,

(12

10g 2 40 (13
(2x+24 ) (14

t 10g 2 27 + log2 36 (15

~ 10g 1O 36

( 4 J~)

= log 10 x

(16

-t ~ 4:.,,\....:;..0
c./
-. uIS U'I ~

(c

4.J1.ill <.5'U.. \ ~.<.5'

1' _-11.., -i.,- ~ :LI b ~<.5'
1<'1 U \ I ' . -11~ l.4\
.. ~ ..>
.
:b. ._.:. ,_
l
'
A
c...r-~ ~~lE
.
J y= log 4 x

..J5

= log 4 X + 2
y = log, (x + 2)
Y = 3 log, x
y

(1

(2

J5 LS..l.A) J~ \.. )

~1~Jl;JI~0~4.JI..u4.J~ t.....~\ I ~
. > L.)I cJ1..:..o 1..\.>-) 4 4=>-'.:>1 ~ y = log 3 x 4.J\.ill Jl;JI
. ~')' I
\"..,>

) ...~.y )l I .?.T' ,-:,,} 4.Y L.. jSJ ~~ w

4---bA.: ~I ,;jL.....l1 d ~ 'W =

d Ii. .

o..\.>

log2 X :S - 2 (22

log3 x ~ - 4 (21
(5 ...It.:...) : .;~ ~ ~~

log4 (2x

+ 5) :s lo g4 (4x

J5 j;.

- 3) (23

log8 (2,) > 10g8 (6x - 8) (24

(e

log2 (4x - 6) > 10g2 (2x

+ 8)

(25

0
,J../

log7 (x

c.4) 14.Y .r-: ~

93 10g1O d

lo g6 x < - 3 (19

(3

~I..ul ( f J5 ~ dj)W\ .......<....o I ~ (d

y = log4 x J y= l(log4 x )
n~

log4 X ~ 4 (20

+ 2) ~ 10g7 (6x

- 3) (26

1f'.,L:: (30

+ 65

4.J ~L....J~

R ~ ,L = l Olog lOR ~~ L..:..oraJ1t.L,;;) ~ l':'~ (27

. J,.~ I..,

) L=)I \

t.L,;;) ~ ..:..o raJ ~I 0..L01~I ...:..o ra-U ~I 0..L:J\ </'

.:i.:-....i 0..>.T-"'-: 4.J ~L....JI

-..,....:5 \

~~ 525 ,;jL..o & . > L=[ ./S .T' ,-:,,) c.4) 14.Y r

\..

(a

(b

. ~ ~ 8 0 "; r-"

'i

.)~ 4-'

' ..l>-I.J

J>- 4-' ' 4-' J>- 'i ) Y = l og b 0 .;J .) ~I

(c

JSJ .b l} ~ u ..,....aJ1o~ c:.r.: "-')WI ~ ' ~.9-= 10 10g lO (1O~]2 ) .;J.)~~ [3 ~.J..ll ul..l>-.J .) ~.J

[L.T' ?

.b J ~~ (JJI J-"';~

.[3

4-' ' 4-' J>- 'i) y = 10g b 1 .;J .)~I

.b J ~ ~ (J ybJl J-" .; ~ 'i .)~ 4-'

'..l>-I.J J>-

(d
'-

100

, LA.;W J..."a...

10 1

~ I~I

10 6

'-'"'7:>UI~

10

1010

J lk;;)1

12

1012

;"uw., ?II

~.J u;} .;JI.) L,S1 ~ ~ I~W ~ . ~I (38

. Y .Jr--JI ~ 'i.J (1,0) 4.bA:..J1 ..w:. x .Jr--JI y = 10g b X

4a.>1
jA

. j;.

JSJ .b 13 1 ...,;~ u.raJ ~ .J..l1 ul..l>-3 .)~ ~)

L.T' ?

: ~ ~ J-" ~3 ';~ ko Ji$

( 2-2..,..;..ul)

3 31' -

> 81

= 27 21' + 3
SX - 4 = 24 - "

3 41' -

o.J.raJ1~

~I
_ I.>J-

(3J

L .T' ? u lSJ .b1.J 1O - 2 ...,; ~ u .raJ

(a

-.:.u..i53

(39

J-" 0.T' 100 J .) ~ L.T'? JSJ .b 13 1 u .raJ! o~ c..; l5 I~! (b

(40

L,S3 L..; 'i I ~w.; ' L .T' ?

(4 J

log 4 256 (42

~ L.T' ?

JSJ .b 13 10-

L,SI . 108 2 x 2: - 2

JSJ .b 13 10- 2 L,S3L..; .:y.P o~

2

J-" 0.T'100 ~.J..l I u l..l>-3 .)~

~l.;.:..<J I ~ ~.J3 L:J (" ~ . lb>JI ~'

(32

~~4b-~

lo g 2 8' (43
~)

log 6 216 (44

I0 92X'?'

lo g, 2401 (45

x ,?,

-2
2-

Wj2X '?' -2

x: S 2 - 2

>l

X - 'I

O<X S

~ ~ 31 , .u..::i (33

(2 p 2 /l ) 3 (47

(~~r

x5

x 3 (46

log , 27

(49

+ 108 927 + log 27 27 + 10g81 27 + log 243 27

,jl5 b l :r ~.Ju; yUl J1 3 .ill c:.r. ~ 1 ~l>- ~ >:~ (34

. x y,jl5 b l Jw.J I ~! 10gbx > ] og b Y ,j ~ ,b > 1

&l-:-1 ~.J ' 0 < b < 1 ,jl5\~!~WI ~

J ~ 3 ~.JU; -"UI .;J1.J..lllS...lA.J J ~ <.r:: ,,-,)lJ1~ 3
~ ~ Jl:-:-II ~ r-: ~'J I ~ \I I JI3 .J..l \ L,S \ (50
~(O, - 10), (4, -160)

= - 10(2)'
f( x) = 10(2)"
f(x) = - 10(4)'

f(x ) = 10(4)'

f(x)

2 0

2
1
2

(35

,4-' o)kJ I ';;"'\1 1.;JI.J..ll lS...lA 3

A
B

~ log4x" log4(x - 1) = t.;J.) L.......U ) l- ~.;~ ko L,SI

- 2 (

~I

c: , ~ ~I ~ L,SiJl ~I ~ t1.:>- t!' .>:~

~ 0.Jy5~1 ~.Ju;yUl u'i .)~ 1 ~,j~~) : ~ I .?~
,( y

(5J

,j~ 0, 1 c:.r.: x ~

= 10g b X O.J.raJ1

c!J 1 J-" .r.51~.J u; yUl Ll""L.I ,jl5I~!

.,;..aJ1(.J 4.;.JLo 'J-" .r.5 i

(a

, J-" ..,.;....01) ,j.,s:; y ~

~ ,j~ .i J-" .r.5i x ~.J 0, 1 <.r:: ~.Ju; yU l Ll""L.I ,jl5 b l (b

.,;-.aJ1 (j ~.JLo ' J-" ;.51, J-" j.....:>1),j~ y

(37

~J ft, at t

u L~~J ~.,.u t

Common Logarithms
~)'j l .AI ."; ~~~.J ,L.p..L..:. ) ~ )j l 0 \A \ ."; ifl.:-OJ ~J if~ ~J<'l I0lA I .w... ~
.(sei smog ra p hs) ...J I? ~ \ j ~ ~ \ 0 ~ yo-\ I ........... ~ J~ ) '7' ~

':" IJ~~':"""J'
.:..:i,l..A J>-' 6":-":'!J l.C. ~
J ~ ~ ~J l.C. ~

' ':'' ~Jl.C. # 1 ~L..o>

8
~

10

l ~ ~ ~~

""'-'-'......s:

.;....a:; 1~

L.:.

,.:....~ 10 '

""~

10"

41...~

10'

10'

/,,)""~~J~

10"

~J

10'

~~~ .i~\.o;.

... 10 '

\.e.J ~ ~

i..1.o!J I
~.,:.I:a,

~~.,;J

.:. ..uo.:. j !+> ~

~ ,~,....:.,

,+,-~l...~ '"

:(.. ~ 4..!J

. ~ ,::, ~i

1.J,....... i ..:. ~ "i

~ J b ':'0 1

,~ ~ .

.:>l>LaI

.100 mi' ..,J !

.i ~ , ~ UJ.a:...

. } I ~ ~ I 4J# ,i

. ':' ~ l ~

.~

, ~,

~ ~ ~ ..u i Ji

~ + ~..IJ

...iJ,;"l:...Aol,..
.4..a.-L.:.

, J ~ ~ I ':' L:.. "'; !

.:..~~-,':":i,l..AJ> i

J~l..J ........i
.6..:.."...:...Jl':"~Jl.C.#1

':"IJ~~~ 'I

J~l..J~Jl.C.~

,,-,"L.."-:il~~

-?~I~Jl.C.#1

6.4 ~ ~). r.,,; ~ ~ , ~}jl .A I. j ,-:-, L.J 10 if L. \' 1 0 ~J~ .,1 ~J if~ ~
. -../' J

\' I;o.rJ ~\ ~ ../...JI ........... x ..::...-: , 6 .4 = Jo g 10 x ".b WL ~J if~ ~ 0 ~J ~

.j (.)~ 'v = lo g 10 x" . J../....aJ 1~ 10 ifL.<'l 1~J ~) 6J b.:; i -.:..J:,.,... 'i ..!.LW

~ I ':' ~.J l.::..,.ul

common logarithm
...,..L..":il~~

Change of Base Formula

www.obeikaneducalion.com

.10 ifL.\ iI ~l:5 ':; J ~ """::'-~ .J ' ~~1 u~JI.&- .,D1 10 ,-,... L. \'1 0~J ~.,1 ~J . 0 ~\ ,f .;-;5
log10 X

:...J'ilo ?

= log x, x > 0

;r <-:r:- ,-:",}1 J! ~jl.o

"A k- JS ~ ~G:--:)' ~\.:.J I ~I

log 5 (a

LOG I 5 tENTER 0.6989700043 : ~ Li..,J 1 ~ ~I

lo g 5 ::::: 0.6990

log 0.3 (b
ILOG! O.3 /ENTERI -0.5228787453 : ~ Li..,J 1 ~ ~ 1

Jog 0.3 ::::: - 0.5229

log 0.5 (18

log 7 (1A

.:.,-,,~.)L.O~I:WI.:S~

.:., i~-.!J.l;.:.,~"",l...i

.:.,0,", i 10-"" "",l...:J1

ologlOx ~ log x

,y =

Jog x .;.bW I..} L

~-,Li- ylJ I 0i }

'<f'i r

..i.; .10 .> ..wl c.S~

Li;.J u,L;-;) ~.,....:...J 10~ -,Li- ylJl.h.;.;

. x ~ <.,.S"l>. J.r-=-JJ 4J! 10 .>..wl c>~ I o ~ 1 <-/' Y

Jogx = Y
Jog 1 = 0
log 10 = 1
lo g 10m

lO!I =x

100

10

= III

10 111

=1
= 10
= 10

111

.0 .raJ1t..lA;) <f'l;J ~.,....:...JI 0~-,Li-ylJl ~

4.! ..-':!J ~~ u'J/ ~L- ~

' 0 raJI o~ I ~ ,L

= 10 lo g :1 0y W 4 ~J , ~..u 4 L 0 raJ I t lA;) <f'~ IU~':;~

~ JL; 0.l" rS .t;~ 66.6 dB ~lA;) L. 0

.J--1"

e-:- 1 ~1 0L...; )l 1 0 ~ i 4----; 0

Srn = 1 ";:"';lS" 1~10 L...;)l10~i

.u-..; 0.J--1"

raJ I o ~ i f Ib. ~.> i

~.>i o ~ i f 0

In

raJ l l..i..P> o ~
<>"~

= 10 log LIII

L
1. = 66.6 , 111 = I

66.6

= 10 log f

6.66

= log 1

= 106 66

' """'"-, yo (d B) ~ ...Ll l

J.:.,;.. ~ , ':'~ lt L.:UJ '

J . L.:; 90-1 00dB ' J u...J1

H Od B, .iC..,J ' ':'y..o t L.:UJI
~ ::>lb !':' y..o tL.:UJl J . L.:;

.<L4.i! ' ~ ! t-'JL..,

I "" 4570882

~~~ ~

~ ~}1 1 0A-!I o ~ L' ""';'}114AJ..b.; ~ 1c...r. Jl I o...G- Yo ~ E .;.;lhJl ~.h.; .; l ~)i u l~

""';'}1 14AJ..b.; ~ 1';';lhJ l ~ ~ ';. bWI ~I. lo g E = H .8 + 105M .;J.>W4 M ~-'<f'~

(2

.~....)<f'~~0~-,.> 9 o~~)or...l:.Y

'i~1 ~~#'

JL...a:i..ul.:' ", _w:. i u'J/ ~la.eJ.>

.-....;')'1 op

if

<.r:- ,:",) i.)1~l:J 1 ,:",}J 4 -' = 19 .:i,b WI j.;.

4X = 19

log 4-' = Jog 19

X

log 4

= log 19

log 19
x = -
log 4
X ""

2.1240

. t;~ 2.1240 r j>J1

~WIJL...::.....4~~.J ' ~~~~ Jl l if~l~

~ ~ ~ Y = 19 ~1.J Y = 4 '

.;J.>WI uG.. ..i.;l.Jl

c:1 lZ .i..b;.; .>~JI mtersect j.i ~ I.J .~ ~ L:.l1
i f '"7-:) c:1lA::.J1 .i.h..;j X ";1...G-JlI . ~ l.J l ~I
,r

r'So'

- - - - - ,./ !I' ' : ,

I

./ . t.;~ 1A.)~1 ~ ~I ~~ Jl1

l~

I
" ~-',?",J~ l ,) ~~
, t..Jo:l ~ I ~ .:.1S.J lil \..!.o O"' l.:-!

J.P.- 4 7 = i::'>:! 1 ~

3X

6X = 42 (38

= 15

(3A

,).):.:; ':'~~I

"",~I~..!o4-=i"~

log 35y < log 7lJ -

5y log 3 < (y - 2) log 7

5y log 3 < Y log 7 - 2 log 7
5y lo g 3 - Y log 7 < -210g 7

y(5 10g 3 - log 7) < - 2 log 7

- 210g 7

y < 5 log 3 - log 7

(y I y < - 1.0972 )

y = - 2 ~\ I ~ 1

3 5y < 7 Y - 2
y= -2

59049 < 2401 ./

4Y < 5 2y + 1 (48

log

logu n
n = -

10gb a

..,.J-oYI,..w.J

1,

L.Y '~~I.O.tl

""..:,.;,j '..... I-W

"

L..':i'~ JI.O,J

~.;k

:>IS .."y.a

-,..J L.. , ~ ~ ~ ~ I

,)

1..,.,3 '~ ~ 3 i

5 log 3 - log 7 > 0

jA..!oG..J I~~~
, "", ~ I

aX = 11

tog b n
X = -
10gb a

,. = log""

~.)-,

<<..T"L. \I I ~ ..:...t.~.J~.}

t?~ ~.J~.} 0.J~ ~ .)~ )'

10gb 11

loga 11 = -l-

o gb a

<..T"L. \l 1.--dU

. ~? u ~.J ~.}

~ J k...:.....1 ~

cJ!u ~.J ~ ylJl ~ l.k~

::::: 2.7268

~~~ ~
. ~ )ll o.-...::.s- <.T' ~? '-:""'. ;i cJ! ~';" ~ ~ Ji ~ <t?~1 ~.J~ ylJl ;J)I ~ log 6 8 ~I (5

6J~

C::"l;..r.

-i 4

~-' <u L:,.. ..I)..,> ~ uk:kJ1 <.T' ~~.y .J~ ~rl>J l C::" I~I ,":",:!-", l'p
n <.T' ;,,; p... ~ ..I)..,> u~ R .j l'p ~ ( j JUI <.T')I ~-' <~ j ).,.>J1f:".; u~ ~ ~rl>
.# 240 <.T';"; p... ~ ..I)..,> J=1>..::.I ( jJU I <.T')I .)..l>- . R = log 2 n ~~
I

R = log 2 t1
'/ = 2-10

= log 2 240
log 240
log 2

::::: 7.9

.....j ;I ,.;..r1
'J"".,....J-! I~.w l~~ i~

~ (t780-t1550) ~jjl~ 1
' ,-?",yO r-J l.o > J ,~ I ,-?",L.
.......... i ~ 'JJ ~ ' ~ t~
. w ~j l.O ~ I ", L...,. ~J

O~X:- ~ OjL,.... ~ I~.l>- -:- lS.r-LS..l.>-! -:-.;...:. \ I ~ (36

~t=

J') I t

10g (1 _

r)

O?

J' <- j>:- ,-;,,)1 ')1 ~';" <l~

w JS ~ :J~Y ~W I ~I
( I Jl:.A) :..j)'1

J'';I .JLu 168000 /-'-'.

, J W \ r-J I V,. I.r! \ ,,-"-" P ,. I.r!1 ..i.;..., / t.?..i.ll -:-1y..J L

lo g 0.4 (3

log 21 (2

log 5 (1

(6 Jl:.A) .r-JI J'~'Y t.?y..J I J..u....J 1 r

lo g 3.2 (6

log

(5

lo g 3 (4

lo g 0 .9 (8

log 8 .2 (7

L",,,-"-" ~I.} J~j 120000 0.Lll .)W \ r-J1l>lS I~! (a

~~ ,-;,,)

'1

~I.r-..i.;..., .r" t.?..i.ll J')\ W ~.f-" 15 % J~

L",.T'-" ~\3 JL-J 10 2000 0.Lll JW\ r-J Il>lS b1 (b

~ ~ '-;")'1 ~\.r- ..i.;..., .r" t.?..i.ll J' )1 W : ~.f-" 10 % J~

j~~ I ..l.>-\ ..) ,-;".r!l o ~ ~ 0'- if-4- i~ I ~ l ,..~ (37

4J..l.>v> j~ ~ 13 'e:;j )1 0 :J~ ~,.,t i~ J' ~lJJ 4.}..r:-JI

J' j:>:- ~ ppm ~) 0 .025 ppm ~ ,-;".r!\ . L. ..) ~\
.9 .5 ,y- ~ l>\ ~ e:; j)1o:JW p I-lLS..i-" 0 \ L...5 , (0.r.W 1
. p H = - log H

u~ <1 .25

lo g 0.04 (9

~3j~1 l>y.\ j,?; l>y~ l>lS b~

10 - 11 . W I..) ~ 3j~ I l> y-i j,?; l>lS bl (a

~ e:; j) I LS..i-" etA:;) ..!.lE ~

~\c..T-Ylo..l.>-y~EijlhJl~ .hs; ' '''~ (10

;;j :JW~M ,,':'>"':jif~ ~ 0,,~1 o} c: J'j'1 l ~

ijlhJ \ ~ :J~ Y ;;j:JWI ~I . lo g E = l l .S + 15 M

if~ ~ -:-~ j:J 85 o~ "-.:---") 0.7""..l.:J;. J' j '11~ ~I

(2 J l:.A ) . .?"-:j

J' -:-~lltA:;) ~L;...;jL,.....i9 ly ~ c#i .:J,- (11

(2 J l:.A ) . 73 d B J ! 85 d B
0.L, t.?.} L; l>L.;YI l>~ \ ~ -:- y
~m

0.L, t.?.}L; l>L.;Y Il>~1 ~ -:- y

x:-)

.j:J\ 0.L, J' ~/

~o jl:---l I.i9 \y

(a

r.5

( b

J)\j. ! ~ -:-~ I

..i9\.".JI J')~ !..w -:- ~I

J' 31 ~ ~..) e:;j)1J' Imgifyl x:-.} b ! ( b

~

r.5

= l-:....;lS b ! ojl:---ll .i9IY J)\j. ! ~ -:-~I

0.L, J'~l ~

,-;".r-u e:J~ .r.JI . L. ~ ,.WI

(l ppm = 1 mg /kg . t;~ 1 L J:J~ . W IJ' 1 kg ::JL;.j p

.j:J\ 0.L, J' 0/

:..j)'1 o?

J' <-f':' ,-;,,) i.)l ~L:J I '-;"}.}

JS' Y.

' <l~ w ;;j:Jb

(3 Jl:..A )
p H LS..i-" ~~ t.?..i.l l ~3j~l l> y-i j,?; L. ( c
~( 95)

d-WI

~j if~ ~ "-.:---" }~I oftl l o} ~~ ~ I ~) .:JI~ (38

ij lhJI ~ E

~ ,M

= 13 10g ~
10 4A

4..b WI JL.....:...... L M
.

~ "-.:---" j\11 oftl l 0 3..l.>- ..l.:J;. J' }~ \ ~ ~ I .i..)1) ) I

.J ..r:-Jl o..l.>-y
o j~L ;;j:JWI ~ -:-l...:.,j ~ylll ~L.a>- ~ I

(a

= 8 .25
n b - 3 = 5b
5 x = 55

2.10

+ 2

~~jif~~"-.:---" j\11 0~1 0..9 r- " . W " 0 J~- 0 ..l.>

J

..I

..l.:J;. J~4.47 x 10 12L", )..u...,.'i.:J I) jijl1J'j'1 \c:.....Q.l.1\ (c

c:.....Q.l.1i L...5 ' i 2007 i Lv L,;jY0lS ..) J .}j pJi J I) j 0 .}..l.>
o 3..l.>- ..l.:J;. J ~ 1.58 x 10 18 L",)..u..., .i..)1) j ijl1 J ' j '1l
J I)j o} J~ 0/

r.5 .1964 i Lv ., 'YI..) (J~\ J I)j

~~j if~ ~

!..l3 j i}i J\)j

o} C..J.Y~\

0 1~1 \11 "-.:---"j\ll o ,,~ ~ j.,.,....:J1~ 'Y , ~Lv Oj~ (d

d..)1))1 ~ lh.l \ lo .;5\ Ji ~j if~ ~ ~~ j .) 3 ~"..9

o~

4J "-.:---") 0.7"" 0

.} ..l.>- ..l.:J;.

(15

(17

X2

= 20.42
SX = 40

(14
(16

= no
82x-4 = 4x + 1

(19

9b- 1 =7 b (18

(21

96y - 2 = 33y + 1 (20

2Y= ~

(23

1 6x =~ (22

15

. ;;j~\

..l.:J;. J~ 7 .94 X 1011 L",)..u..., ~lI) j ij l1 J ' j '11 c:.....Q.l.1! (b

x2

6 X = 40 (12

(13

:..j)' Io?

J' <- j>:- ,-;,,)i .)l ~L:J I '-;") J ' <l~

w JS' J>
(4 Jl:.A )

6 P- 1

4 P (25

5 P- 2 2': 2 P (27
6 311 > 36 (29

5 411 > 33 (24

3 y-

1 ::::

41J (26

2 4.r :::: 20

(28

J!~';" ~ ~ JI ~ ' t.?,rW1 ~-J~ ylll ;;j)' ~ ,_A w.:J..s ~I

( 5 J l:.A ) :..j)' 1 0)... J' <-j>:- ,-;,,)i

lo g 2 1 6 (31

lo g 37 (30

J' } 1\ ~ ~ I J..r:-JL

lo g 3 21 (33

log49 (32

~~j if~ ~oyOJl

lo g 7 Y5 (35

lo g 5 (2.7)2 (34

~ \I I 6.].)UI 6.]UI ob

.j ~ :; .) ~ .::. ~
I

.4
(2-5 ,-",,) ..1..11)

: ~ ~ \..r' ~-' , .;~ t...... ~.b L..... J5' j;.

logs 7

t log s 4 = logs x

(45

+ 3) = 2

(46

2 1og2 x - log2 (x
log648 - log6 ~6
( 2-5 ,-",, )....L.I 1)

+ log6 5 =

: ~ ~ \..r' ~-' , .;~

+ 4)

S;

= 4x &

.JI ul>-.)l

-&

(39

= 13

~.J~ (a

= 13 ~ 6l;li.J1 x ~ .y ~ I .J ,6J 1..I11 ~

J .J~

. J-,~ \ .j

log6 5x (47

t...... ~ ~ J5' y

log s (3y-1) < log s (y+5) (48

log g (9x

t..,:.;\.J ~~I ~ W I.j Y

~ I .:.> ~ J>JI ~)o J'" .(~ 6.].)UI

j;-

~ .) ~ ( c

~ l::- l ~ ~. ~

log g ( llx - 12) (49

.:.> I.J ,~W I.j ...,.bl.;.;)l l.: ':>.l.~... tf Cr. ; l.b 3500!.lL- ':'> \ ...,.b.)\ (50
..i.:....J1.j 5% ~ ~L::
.)..lY

L",.)..lY

..r. ill t = logO.95 3:00 ~) \..io .,.LJ\ 4.b UI ~

rS ...L>..: .l) l.b P ) .r.hJI \..r' uJlli", .)..lY ~ t 0 1~ 1

( 2-5 ,-",,).J.l I )

~;l.b

3000 uJllb i f )..r.hJ1.) ..lY

~ \I I 6.].)UI..Lll>-.J J )l: i f JS

~ I ~ I (40
. ~~ l::-J ~ ~~ ~l::- !..:..; 15 4 \ . 43p = 10

.:.> l:.:.....,

0 1.f-- 5

0 1.f--3

01.f-- 8

/f ip

= 10

/f i p

= 19 10

P 10 9 /f

= 109 10

109

1 9 10
p=~

':'> 15 I ~lf[ g(x) ] ~ ~\1 \ 0 1) ~ 1 l.,S 1 (51

~f( x)

= x + 4x + 3 , g (x ) = x 2

+8
9x + 23
14x + 6

x - 6x
x2 x2 -

~ ~ log va 3

/f i p

= 10

109 /fi p = 1 9 10

3p 109 /f

= 109 10
19 10

p = ) 109 If

= log o x 6.].)UI J>-

~ (41

.syh>

~27 (~r+l = 125 6.] .)L.....ll -L.. ~ .;~ L,..., l.,S1 (52
- 4

-2

x 2 + 4x - 2
2

JS ~.J '

j;-

~ ...,...:51.J . log27 3.J log3 27 i f JS ~ ~ .J i

1.,jU, ,r.I (43

~ if ,;'. .J log a b , logba~.;jJWIJ ,.,.,...

82..>"" ~I J-o~
82..>"" ,=.,.,.::11 1J~:II I

~ ,y

= ab x

D..J~ I ~ ~~I J,.,...u 10~

83 ..>"" J~:III J-o~

88..>"" ~::"14hL..cJ1

0, b

. a =1=

> 0 , b =1= 1

~ ,~ I~~ b 015 I ~! : ~~ I JI.,...I.U DI.,L......JI ~I.>

. x = y 0 15 I~ ~ ~., I~! b x = b Y 0~ ' b

. ~ n l ~~ ~ 1

: ~4 ~ ~

J5 Jk5~

=1=

b"> bY 0~ .b > 1015 I~! : ~~ I J'.,...I.U 0=lf'.J' ~I.>

. x < Y b !~., \~ ! b ? < b Y j X> Y0 15 I~ !~., I~!

> 1 ~~I4JI...ul

, ,=,",,,, i ~ 4Jb !(X) = b", b

.~i ~WI .J' ~WI .) ~I ,;>1

'"r" i J~ I4Jb !(X) = b >, 0 < b < 1 ~~I4J I...u 1

~y~ l . x=b Y

..M ....oJlc) (2

. b c.r'L. ':>U

4J~L.......U ~~ I D..J~ 1 0~ b

> 0, b =1= 1, X> 0 015 I ~!

D..J~ I." b Y = x '?""

log "

~..J~~ I

Y '?"" x = b Y ~~ I4J~L.......U

4 !Q ~.!..J~~ 1

Y=

log "

_ _ _ __ _ 10 c.r'L. '~\ 3 ;' ~.J~ }JI ~ (3

. ~ I~....., b 015 I~ ! : ~..J ~~ I J I.,...I.U DI.,L......J I ~ I.>

(4

015 I~ !~., I~! 10g b x = log , Y 0~ ' b =1= 1 ~

.x = y
~.J~) 0\J~ ~l:5

J~L ~

(5

, ~ ~ ~ I....., i x,

y, b':':' l5

I~ ! : ~ I., ,-:-,~ I
: 0 ~ b =1= 1 ~

. ~ c.r' L.~ ~J~}J ci K..

j l og bxy = l og b x +log bY

AU)

= a(l

- r)1~~ I .;JI..u 1ci 1 - r J'L. ~I ~ (6

10g b y =

log , x - log , Y

~0=~"""l$i."m ~~~l$~ : D~ I ~..J~Y

. log j, XIII =m log " x : 0 ~ b

_ __ _ _

b > 0, b

=1=

log ,

1 ~ ,y = log I1x .;JI..u I~ (7

0~ .b

> 1015 I ~l
j x > y
x<y

log,
II

= -1-

11

=1= 1 ~

x,b

- : U"' L... Y I ~ ~
-

og b a

: ~..J ~ ~ I J I.,...I.U 0=lf'.J 1~I.>

>
log , x <

0 15 I ~! ~., I~ ! log b x

log bY

015 \ ~! ~., \ ~!

10 g b y

(2-6 "",.)..1J 1) ~~I ~.) U::.#1

. 10 A....L... il$.:u I~..J~~ I~I$~ I~..J~~ 1

~ I.y l ;;j.:>i.....J1 ;;jU\ oJ.", .j vI.>...:.....

( 2-5 .....)..1.J I)

2 log 2 X

16

log6 48 - log 6 5'

t logs 4 = logs

(46

+ log 6 5 = log6 5x

(47

log 8 (3y - 1)< log 8 0 + 5) (48

log 9 (9x
0 i y 'r-lW1.j c..r" I.,..o.;'YL ..l-4-'"

+ 4) :5 log 9 (l1x

tf .:r ;

~iy ~l:J1 ~WI.j Y = 4 x ;;j1..L!1 J>..li ~.J~

= 13 4.;.U -..LI..O..J I x ~,y- ~ Iy ,;;jLill ~

-&

(39

= 13

x (45

+ 3) = 2

log2 (x

:.;~..u:;...::.~
. 4x

: ~ ~ .:r ~J , .;~ \....., ;;j.)L.u, v 15 j;.

logs 7

(a

Jy~

. Jy~ l.j

.;~ , 0\):v.; v W 10

.;1 J-.> . (,.~. ;;j..lL....J 1Y.

~ ~~ (c

. ~ G:- ! ~ ~~

- 12) (49

l13500 !.J LA 01c..r" ~ I (50

. ~ I ...) 5 % ~.r-i ~ lA ..l~

..l~ /- JA:J t = 10gO.95 3~O ~.Jlj. ..,lJ 1 ;;j..l L....J1 ~

~ rS ..Lo..: .1)

l1 P .Jr-kJ1 .:r uJllJ.",

( 2-5 ...,...,)..1.J I)

..l~ ~ t 0

1.f-J1

~J~ l1 3000 uJl l.i", .r .Jj~J I ..l~ ~

0L::.....

0 1.f-- 5

0 1.f-- 3

0 1.f-- 8

~'')'I ;;j.)L....J I ..L! l>-y J)t,.:r JS j;. ~ l ~ I (40

. ~G:-J ~ ~~oWG:-J ~1541 . 43p = 10
I

J!4
Lj ' P =

10

1 9 Lj ' P

= 109 10

p 1 9 Lj

= 109 10

Lj ' P =

19 I/'P = J09 10
3p 109 4 = 109 10
19 10
P = 31 9 4

19 10

p=

0151~! f[g(X) ] ~ ~ 'Y1 0 1,)~ 1 L?I (51

~f(x )

= x 2 + 4x + 3, g(x) = x
x2

+ 4x

x2

x2 x2

- 5

- 2

+8
9x + 23
14x + 6

6x

k:94

JS~y . x ~ ~ 108va J = 108 0 x ;;j.)L....J1J>-

~ (41

.oj=:

,-=,,~~ eHy..;r\' I~.jrg(x)

J:y..:J1~ ...r

log b x~ I ~'

' )'I .;dU ~ ~ I f( x)

~ .....; )l>.. I .d~ C~ \ ~ . ~1 j:J.",.:.r-: ~/- L?iJ l ,-=,,~4 1

. L?r--J 1~.J li- ylJ l ~ ~ b

-4

-2

(52

(42

= log x ~

~27 (f)X+l = 125 ;;j..lk,l) ~ v~';~ t., L?1

10

~ ~\y . 10827 3 .J 1083 27 .r JS ~ ~.)I l ':' ~>':'

(43

' ~ ,J'> ..r. .J 10gn b, 10g b a.:.r-: .i.9'j..~ 1 J~

!.J~~ .J '0~ .Jli-ylJ l.Ju-- '')' I .:.r-:4.,;)W I~ I ~l (44

~.Jli-} 0 ')'.)L..... J>- ~ ~.Y ~I ~.;~ a:..i
. 0 ~ .J lj. ylJl Jk..:.......L ~i 0 'Y.)L...., J>-.J 'u--I.yl Jk..:.......~

I I

J 3 ~ J ~~) ~l.;: 4b- L.1.: 1-!.L~3 , ~~ ~.J\j.} 0 ~') L.... ~ ~ ..\A.l

:0"_
[
I
;T -.,=.,_1
11 - . . ,I'

crL.1r l5 Y = 10glO X t.?~ TI-nsp ire ~L,.,J\ ~Wl;

----"

.I

I
':1.......

,.

'10

. 10g 2 (6x - 8) = 10g3 (20x

+ 1) ;;..bL....J1j>J TI-nspire ~LJI ~WI ~1

I I

..,
~ ..

..

lo g (20x

...

1 :;~ I

..

+ 1 ,3)

11

~.;;J 8 7:Points & Lines ~\j,) intersection Point (s) Of-" ~\

--b ~ ~

,4 t.?-'~ E~\.uu.J x JI..l>-)'I JI ~L,.,JI "-:,..-WI GL;

--...:;
. 1\
. ~

. 2 :;~ ,

LJ.)\ '-F-''I..l>-\

~ <J~L,.,JI ~I

.4 L5-'~ ...bL....J\ J>- J~ til

' ~ ,J" ~ TABLE ~l:>- ~\

,x

0
? n J:.~-1

-,

-,

3 74 1:x:

J . :,.3:'1 3

-.1.

~::(I~.1

= 4 c.F'-' .:r-;LJI ~ Y ~ L..-L>- L5-' ~ ..;J\ x ~ ~ J J0JI ~ .r.=>-\

.4 t.?-'~ ,J.)L....J I J>- 0~ \il \J~-'L:.. .:r;J1.ill Y ~ 0~ x = 4 ~\ -L>-

_. -------

- - - - - - - - - -

:-.:.Ll.> ~ i f ~-' , .)~ ~ ;;..b L.... JS j>J TI-ns pire ~LJI ~WI ~ I
log 6 (7x

+ 1) = 10g 4 (4x

- 4) (2

lo g2 (3x

+ 2) =

+ 3)

(1

= log 3 (2x + 2)

(3

lo g3 (12x

= lo g s (2x + 5)

(4

10 g 3 (3x 5)

= 10g 3 (x + 7)

(6

10g 4 (3x

+ 7) = 10g 3 (5x -

lo g 2 2x

= 10 84 (x + 3)

(8

logs (2x

+ 1) = lo g,

10g lO (l - x)

10g 2 3x

6) (S

(3x - 2) (7

.log, (lOx

+ 1) < log s (16 + 6x) ~.Jl$-.,lJ 1 ~~ I u W

TI -nspire .i.:'LJI :i.:-- W 1Jo--.::-I

11

1J

/9

o.;1W I0~~ \ ~ . 1 ;;~ I

. 0 ~ L:..J 1 ,:..r ilk.; o..JyJ" ~ 6JW

'Y > log , (lax +

:c:.l.<i..JI

~.6...a.I~

n ,' . log 4 (lax +

I ~L:5 ...I.>'i

1) < Y ..j" ,../J<~ I ~L:..JI

4f. ~ , y < log s (16 + 6x ) ..j" ~ l:J\ ~~\y

. G log (l ax -

text
.J

1 , 4)

;;..:.;. t.,::..J \ ,j~ L. ..\.:.>- .r u W I ~~,T'"'!.~ \ ...l>J\

. lax + 1 sOL...\.:.>-...'.JJ..i5 <-?"Y ,:Uy./"""" ~ -J-'<~ I
lax

+ 1 Sa
lax S -1

.x -< - ~
10
:c:. l.<i..J1~ .6...a.I ~ ...'.JJ~ -, , ~~ \ ...l>J 1.:>~ )' i n tersec t sj.. ~I

..b-i ~ .6...a.Ily 8

c::J7: Points & Lines k:

......

..T' ':/ 1<.5~.6...a.I 1 r-'' u=

. U_. I ~
1' -11
. Ix I -0.1
1 .~

1 srozz

195357

13

.9:136>3

1.% 944

1~

1 95345

1 .9'049 1

1,5

2.
) 04373

2.

1.6

A6 C6

115

. J -,~ \ .) ~ L f' rJI ~./.;>-

-'

, 0/

< x < 1.51..j" cYJl ~~ ,ji c.\.::..:....,\ ~...J

.<!.ll.>- .:.r ~ TABL E 0T." J~ I . 3 ;;~ I

J5 0.1 o.:> l; ;., x ~ 0/~I-, ,-0.1..\.:.>- J-,~I i.J-;\

,8 . '..

. :.

:c:.l.<i..J 1~.6...,.;,1

Y2 = log (16

+ 6x , 5) '.;l:J1.:>r-oJ l .) Y1 = log(10x + 1 , 4) ~I-,

. Ix 1-0.1 < x < 1.SI..j" ~t.,::..J\ J>- ~~ .:>i J-, ~ I ~ ..tS'y-, ,..:Jl:J I .:>r-oJ \.)

:~ ~ .:.r ~'" , .;~ L..... ~l.;-:->

JS ,J.."J

00J-ll..:.i

T I-nspire ;;;;LJI :i.:-- W 1Jo--.::-I

logs(l2x+S)S logS(Sx +9) (10

log 7 x< -1 (9

log s (3 - 2x) 2: log s (4x + 1) (12

log 3 (7x - 6) < log 3 (4x + 9) (11

log3 (3x - 5) 2: lOg3 (x

+ 7)

(14

log22x S log 4 (x + 3) (16

log4 (9x

+ 1) > log 3 (lSx -

1) (13

logs (2x + 1) < log4 (3x - 2) (15

80.r> ~.~.., .::il AJl..u I

80

95 ......

~~~~ I AJ I..u 1

107.r> ~~~~I AJ~L-J I

82

<,r'"~ 1 ~ I

( 2-1. 2-2 ,,:>L.,,;...u t)

~ 1J..-k

82.r> <,r'"~ 1 J ~ :il

~ . y= ab X ;;..>~ I~~~ I J I~...I.l liJ~

83 ,...1"" J~:;{ IJ..-k

lf~I~~~~'

112

.a

. x = Y iJ lS' Ij ! ~~ I~ ! b X = b Y iJ~ ' b

> b v iJ~ .b > 1 iJlS' I~ ! : ~~ I JI~.ill lr-'l.FJ 1~I>

. x < Y 1 ~! ~~ I ~! b X < b Y j x> YiJlS' I ::'! ~~ I ~!

:-;'4 ~ ~ JS J W')' o ~I6",.,jWI .:r ~W I 0..)~I.r>- I

,,?,,"i j-4J 4Jb!(X)

,,?,,"i J ~I 4J b!(X)
( 2-J ..,...; ~ I )

~y p \ . x= b Y ~.bL.....J lci

=/: 1

b?

I.!.U t~~~1

=/: 0, b > 0 , b =/:

~ . 4.Y' I~~ b iJlS' I ~! : ~':t l J I~.ill ;; I~~I ~I>

U"L.,~I~~

114

~~I JI.9~1

(2

. b <...T"L.')U

= b ", b > 1 ~~ 1 4JI...I.l 1

= b ", 0

<b

< 1 ~~ I 4J I...I.l 1

4 ! .;~ ~#1 JI.9~I.9~~.) ~# 1

4J ..) ~ ~~ 1 ;;..>~1 iJ ~ b

> 0, b =/: 1, x> 0 wlS' Ij!

= x c.r' y = 10g b x ~..>~~ I

= Y c.r' x = b Y ~~I 4J ..) ~ ~..>~~ I

;;..>~1~. b Y

10g b x

_ _ _ _ _ _ 10 <...T"L. "1\ 3:' r:.>li-}J\ ~ (3

.4 .Y' I ~ ~ b iJlS' I ~ !
(4

: ~..>~~ I JI~ .ill ;; '-' ~I ~I>

iJlS' I::' !~~ I ~ ~ 10g b x

= 10g b Y iJ ~ ' b =/: 1 ~

.x =y
~ .>li- )

uI.>~ ~l:5

Jk..:.-..,~ ~

(5

' 4.Y' ~ ..) I ~ l x, y, b .:..J lS' I ~ !: ~ I~ ,-:-,.."....;:..J 1

=/: 1 ~
J log b xy = log b x + log b Y
: iJ ~ b

.~ <...T"L.L r:J li-}J:ciK.

A(l)

= a(l

- r/ ~ "1\ 4.J 1..l..l1ci 1 - r <...T"L. "1\ ~ (6

log , y = Iog , x - 10g b Y

~.Y'lr-'..)~ ~ i~ .m ~.)~ ~''1 :;;~1~..>~~

. lo g , x'" =m 10g b x : iJ ~ b =/: 1 ~ x ,b

_ _ _ _ _ b > 0 , b =/: 1 ~ , y

= log b x 4.J I ..l..l I~

log , 11

lo ga t l = -10g- a :,v ~L..'1 1 .;;:;.-~

b

(7
iJ~ . b

k.u.>

> 1 iJlS' I ~! : ~..>~~ 1 JI~ .ill lr-' l.FJ1 ~I>

J x > y iJlS' 1~ ! ~~ 1 ~! 10g b x> 10g b Y
X < Y iJlS' I~ ! ~~ 1~ ! 10g b x < 10g b Y

(2-6 ..,...; ..IJI) ~~I ~....J~# I

. 10 <l....L..i ~ J.JI ~..>~~ I ~ ~~1 ~..>~~ 1

1Ju....
[( x) = - 2 (3)-' + l .;,)IJJI uS

2 !I ...
1 _- b

.L.>.I..Lo j 4Jl.:::--o ~..l> j ,t;; ~

-4

. ~ I ~ 1..lY ~I ;.Y~

{f(x) I f( X) < I}

J~ \

r -S..wl

:L.>. I..Lo s 4Jl.:::--o ~..l> j t;;~

= 5(2)X (9
[(x) = 32x + 5 (11
[ (x ) = ~(~ r - 2 + 3 (13

,:A L,.., .;jl~ ,."IS uS

[(x)

= 3x

[ (x )
[(x )

= 3(4)X -

(8

6 (10

3
f( x) = 3(ir+ - 1 (12

~ ..lA.l \ Lv .b y , ~ 120000 L..,~..Lo':>LL~..lY ~

I.)I.S:.... (14

. ~.,:......3% J ~ ~ L:..:.l ~
.~

t x: ~ ...Ll. I ':> L<:""" ~ ..lY J:i.;,)b

~I (a

~ w i.,:...... 10 ~ .:>1.5:..J1 .)..lY ':>.r"-:--

- -

~-

--

rS

(b

j>

;.

: .;~ L,.., ~t.;;.. j l .;,) ~ L... ulS uL>

16 x

3 4x = 93x + 7 (16

83 - 3y
27 3x

2564y (18

.s 9 2x- l

(20

643n
9x - 2

>

= -.L
64

= 8211 -

(15

J (17

(8;)' +2(19

...w y .~ 500 0~ .i.e J~ 1.;)\.>.~ w i -,,: ll:~ (21

6x

= 5x -

. ~..,..;;; ~ 28000 L.>.~ ..lY

e::-oi w l>-L. 8

b) ~L. x ~ .i.e.;;-:-<.:-1I ~) I~ I~..lY J:i ~i 4..11 .)0

. ~ J..w.~ l.;)lL I.)..lY

x = -5

~ 32 h...w w

. -5 rJ>J1

\ (a

J0 ~ I

y-l 1.i.e.;;-:-<.J11.; )l:L1.)..lY L.., ( b

;-

3Ju....

. ~~ I o.J.,..,dI .).>- log2 l~ =

- 401 (22

.+-) j.. ylJl o.J......a.!I.).>- 102 = 10001 (23

1~ : ~ .tU ' ~..-.;

=Y
64 = 2Y

h" = 2';

2 6 =2 Y

y,f,L...i ;;Jt.,...JI,j I ......~

log2 64

:,-?,. L.. L,.., uIS W. ...l>

.j i
1

log2"8 (25

6 =y
f( x )

i log.!
3

log4256 (24

: t;; ~ ,,:r.~./~ I ~ IJJI ~

(x -

2) (27

f (x ) = 2 loglOX

+4

(26

( 10 1 106 u~l )

",:-!.p lo g 5 16 "" 1.7227, log 5 2 "" 0.4307 ~ I

. logs 32

t.....JS ~",:-! 'p l og s16 "" 1.7227, log s 2 "" 0.4307 u~1
: ~~
1

:..".....W,J~~
~L.

:::::

108 5 4 (30

108 5 "8 (31

= 108 51 6 + 10g s 2
::::: 1.7227 + 0.4307

":'~ ;l.<.,.u I",,"...,.~I~""

108 5 8 (28

108564 (29

1085 32 =108 s (16 x 2)

32=16x2

u~
..J u::".ut ~l..a>

108 5 '2 (32

: :U ~ I Qj "....aJ~ ~~ t..... ~j LS-) o.J L... JS ~I

2.1534

108 s a b - 3 c 4 d - 2 (34
: 6..! ~ 1 0.J"....aJ~ log 3 x 2

4, Z

y - 4 Z

: o ~1 oj"....aJ4 ~~ t..... ~jLS-) o.J~ uL5' ~I

3 1082 x 2

,-:-,.rP J..oL>. ~j LS- } if oj L...l1

log,

X2

= 2 10g 3 X

t 1082 (x - 4)

(35

2 108 2 (z -1 ) - 108 2(2 z - 1) (36

,-:!,-":'...J LS-) v~ ~j'~ \ 0.;~ \ 0"; v G , ~;i u l ~ (37

y - 4:=

~~ Jl.<.,.u I~...,.~ I."".., .... = 108 3 X2 + log3y -4

'~I ,-.eJ l.<. ;l ~""

~I

108 3 2 x Sy 2 z 3 (33

+ 108 3 Z

4 1083 Y + 10g 3 Z

. M = 1 0 8 10 x 'H-"..J L M o ftJ l o "; ~J ' ~...J v ~ ~

r.5 . ~j\J 1 oAI o~ x~

...:...l.;.....~ ) O
r ~ ~ J) . OJ"

...:...l.;..... LSy:- i~ ) Or ~ ~ ~jv~ ~..:..> ~ j ) 10

~~v~ l uJ...:. ":"> ~ .J ) 7

:~~ t..... d..:.:b Ji 6..!)W JS j;.

.log 3 3x
~ ... , :.J J i.o.4ll
~-":;"' )l.<.,.u ,~...,.~ I.""..,....
~..Jl.<.jll '

" .;.1)

;1, L.-....l1 4,-o ....

~r4lL.

+ log , 4 =
l08 3 3x

l og 3 36 6..!) WI

j;.

+ 108 34 = 1083 36

10g 2

:4= x

10g 16 x =

(39

log s x < - 3 (41

%(38

108 4 X < 3 (40

10833x(4) = 1083 36
3x (4)

108 9 (3x - 1) = 10g 9 (4x) (42

= 36

12x = 36

2 _
3 "

10g 2 7x <-4,;.,~ 1

10827 x <

-}
u

'3

<9

L>

10g 2 (x 2

log 3 (3x

+ 4) :5 log 3 (x

18) = 108 2 (-3x ) (43

- 2) (44

t.G) L ~ , L = 10 lo g lO R0ylil \ ~1 'u,,t.G ) J ) ~ OJ" r.5 )~ y ..:..'y-dJ ~ I o~ 1 R ,..:..> -,....al l

t.Gj L ~jl.io ~.:..j -,J I..) 0~ ~ 20 ..:..> Iroi
~\ ..:..>ro t.G) .Ji./,; u J...:. . .1>-1." ~..:..> ro

. 80dB L? J ~ .1>-1} 1

(45

.J"

.?.J" ~:r:- ~}I.)! ~UI ~;j , 5 3x = T ' + 1 : .;j ~ lA...J 1 ~~

~:r:- ~}I.) ! ~U I ~~h '.j4 k. ~~ j l .;j ~L....o u lS ~

.J )'I .?

.J )'I

= 15
= 28
8 //1 + 1 = 30

(48

12 r

(46

61'-

J11.J.1J :;'!l-c.J 1 ~L;..

:"""":";L<.rU '

log 531'

~ ,..::..rl ~ l>

":'~ ;l.:.J

~~xlog7:~
~~I

= log 7.t+1

3.1 log 5

= (x + 1) log 7

3x log 5

= x log 7 + log 7

3x log 5 - .d og 7

= log 7

x( 3 log 5 - log 7)

= log 7

':"~.,,-.h! I~4-L

3 log 5 - log 7 ~

- 1

= 7r

(49

3 5 ./

> 24

(50

51' + 2

JX (51

~ ~"I ~ ' 0~ 1 ~jlj, YJI .;j)'~ <)~ k. :1- ~I

log4 11

(a

log 215

(b

~j c3Y.J ' 0j~ t}r-- <.) J ~j 10000 &...LlL>. ~I (53

'k! 4 J5 JWI Lf"!j cJ j c.~ j~1 ..jL...a;" , 5% ~ ~.f--'
.AA: <J5J I~I A ~ , A =P(1
cJj

c.~j <~ 1 ~L..oj 0

1/

~~

11 ' 0

+ * ) n l.Jy W I~ 1

,.,.:...J1 L

) I J~ r , .i.:...... t

.d..:....J1<.) J W I Lf"1.)

~ J~j 15000 <,>l5J1~ I ~ c3'pl i f )1rS (a

--- - -

(52

...j)' 1 o ,/~ if "? ,-:-,} I cJ! ~;;"

log 7
3 log 5 - log 7

x "" 0.6751

(47

~l?L.o~I ~I~J-<JI ~I ~ ~'p lif) l rS

(b

..L.,;...U ..J. J j:J ) lo;..\.:...b..:.l~ .)~r~r~ )uL,..a...o . Jj':ij (58

0...1.>- Yo E JI))I ,y o).)Lo.lI :;..;lkJI ~ R~) uL,..a...o ~ ) .)

:;..;')W~

( 2-5 ...... j.JJ 1)

R ~-' . ~ L. j5J .k1..Jp l

R = 0.67 !og10 (0.37 ) + 1.46

e:U\ ) L.......I .)I.:>} IJ l.a..,i

.r-: ~..J :.f-- 4.5% J~ e:U 1<.5...1.>- )
.)1.:> ~ ,...:1.J.iJ

~-' . ~ I ~ L. ~ ~.f--

J -"-"

-.:.- I.f-J I.) ~

t ~ ,M (t )=275 (1.045 )/ JIJJL.;.,.LJI.i",

(2- 1 ...... j .JJ1) ~ 1 4 2 2 r LY ~

1000000 ) ..L..oI JI)) R ~ ~ J I ( a

~ --",14 2 2 rLY .;.,.LJ\.r--- 0 15 ~ ( a

.~) uL,..a...o ~ 7.5...;; JI ) j,y O).)Lo.l\ 6jlkJ\ ~ ).i; ( b

0~ ~ '~.f-- 4.5 % J~ .;.,.LJ1 .r--- ~ ~ I b l (b

~ ~ ...;; ~ 143 7rLY \A.r--

. ~ U I .j .kIJ

(54

' 4"\~ 4.k>J J I ~~ ~.f-- o..\.:.~ o)o:-" .r--- ~ . '::' IJ ~ (55

-.:.-U~ \ J ) .)\..; J:-a-' .)~ ~, j)lll J ) 10 fi d~ i (59
~ ~.}=:..J ,G

o.rAJ1

yl J j ~ 015 L. ~

h.;4-J1
.)..w 1d ,J..o'J1 .)..w1 b ~,G =
....

J 0\1\ ~ YoJ '-.:.-\.f-- 6 u~ 1 1--41

Y\ J

~ .}-.o'J \ \A.r-: ~ ~..J L... 0) l;-J\ .r--- ~....? ( b

= 10 loglO

l~~

' L J' ?j5J .kIJ 1 x 10-12 ~ 8 1 U'O ' L/

50 ...;.L':, <.5~ ?1 0~

t: 0 ra-' 1'..i.A o~

o.i.:. ~ ~JL.;"" ';81.: ydl o.i.:. 01~l;

-:""; ) l.i

(b

...; ~ I-, JL..) 250000

&

L...l.lIJ ,y .\..J,U 0 ) ..J J w.:..... l (56

( 2-2 ...,..).JJ 1) :. \..; .)i JJ ~\ .j l..S ..\.:.I} ..J

,..-

~~

'U .r--- .j

f.!:!1J

250000

~ 14 1 2

329202

~1420

390989

~1425

~.)

~~l ):r. ~~ ~l::..:....,I~ . JJ~I -.:.-yd l

<.5 ~..\.:.~ ~ 'LJ' ? j5J .kIJ 1 x 10- 8 ",:;.i.:. -.:.- ~ (c

~ "':;L~~ b ! "':;L

J' 4.:...... t ~ ylSJI ~ I.)lf. ), U. ~ I ~ ~i J I.) 01 (a

. )~:J I

~\~4.:...... ~ i ~. ~ J..w.L~I ..l; \ } ~ \ I ~ l (b

~. ~..;; JL..) 500000 ylSJl

)~ L \A.r--- .)l.:>jI..J ::J l;.) 8000 .;.,.LJ .}-.o'JI .r--J\ .JI.A (61
5 ~ Jl;.) 12000

= 80000(0.8) '

.J 015 bl~ )1

J .) ~ ~ ,~..l.l~ L:.\A... ,-.:.- ~ o.i.:. <.5~ ~ .::,~ (60

( 2-S u- j.JJ1)

.f (t )

( 2-2 ....... j .JJl )

~. ~.f-- 0) l;-J1 .r--- c..? ~1 Ji... L. (a

~ CI.r.->- 3125 ~I Ii", -':'- U.r.->

? j5J .k l}~ -.:.- ydl o.i.:. w ~ , d(w )

:c....... t ~ o).:-... .1\.i", .r---~..J

_ t d
2.:Jlog,

.)~ ~ ~ j )\.11 ~ ) \ 0.rAJ1 W '-':'-U.r.->- 5 u~1 Ii",

(2-5 .....).JJ 1)

:;_b~ ~ ~ I r- J

e:L ~...".s rJ l ~ ) I ~~ ~ \ ~
(2-2 .....).JJ 1) .-.:.-I.f-

.r--- ~ :c....... ~ ..t.W d~.f-- 6% ~ I J...I.AA 0 l5 1 ~! (a

~ J L..) 12000 .;.,.LJ\

~ Jl;.) 12000 .;.,.LJI .r--- .~ ~ ~ .iJ 1 ~ I J...I.AA L. (b

~ -.:.-I.f-- 5

~~I~ I J ')~:J~j U\ t -':'- I.f-J I .) ~ ~ IC:~ (57

~.)~ ~ , I.r.-

N~

~ 0.)L. J il.r.- No
N

16 log l ON

( 2-3 ......) .JJ1)

t=

log J0 2
o.l W I :..-'" 100g ~ ~.;; :c....... ~ ..w \ ,,:-:';;

J5:..:.:

(a

nOg ~ ~ 1
~:c....... 40 ~ 100g.:.r ~ W ~.;.:J\ ~\ L. ( b

t.-lrJ I .)~ c::-1j" v = 3962520(0.98)X .\.J.)h..J1 y:...;

U I j<J \ .) ~ Y'J> 1380 i U:.

~ t.;j (I S

:La, I..lo 4J~

L i ly)l I .) ~ x ~ ,L. ~.j

s ,~~ .;~ L.... .\.Jb J5' uG..

.)..\.>-

j(x )=3 x -

~ ~ L:: U \j<J1 .) ~ l.>i ...j ~ l.>1 ~ ~ ( a

j(x)
~ UIj<J1 .) ~ ~L:: ~

c.A

Jjl:.... ~) ";-' }1.)j ~U I

= 2 ("43 ) .t + l -

3 (2

,,;-,:h \:.A L.... ~L::--) 1 .\.J.)~ J5' ~

:..!..lE i ) WS' ~?

L? J~ t:;"':"'.j J ~J 75000 ~ l.>L...L ~1 I~":; ( 16

J W I ifl J .)) C4J 'II ~ L;.) ~ ~ , 9% ~ ~.,,:..... ~J

8 C + 1 = 16 2c + 3 (3

. (~

l! ~ 1 c}5J1 ~I L.

(a

J~I~\~ c}5J I ~ I ~l.>i t! ~d..:...... r.5 ~

(b

~ 01.,,:..... 5 ~

+ 2 (I

(b

. ~ J/' l.>~ t! 1j<J 1 .)~ ~ d..:...... r.5 ~ ~ ( c

[;,;?

2n + 3

log2 (x 2

(2~

>

- 2

= 3 2n -1

(4
(S

7) = log2 6x (6

~""LLJ I ~

log3 X
.\.J.)h..JIJ>-L. I .) ~ ~ ) ~ ' (17

+ log3 (x -

3) = log3 4 (8

6" -

< 1111 (9

~log 4 16 - log , x = log 4 8

2 G

, log 5 11 "" 1.4899, log 5 2 "" 0.4307 ~I

1 F

:-..; ~T O? J' ~ r:- ";-' }1 .) ).;~ L.... J5' ~ ~.;J

4 H

log s 44 (10

8 J

11

logS2
,4....;

150000 i1y i 10 j j L.~..lo l.> K.... .)~ l.> l5 .j LS:- (12

4 Y

185000 l.>'J 1~ , d..:...... J5' ~~ J~ r.) ~ ..!..lE ~ . .1. : 1;

- 2

. 4....;

-4

-3. .9

b! d..:...... x~l.>K...J I .)~ uL:..,.,;l.>i~~I.\.J I .) 0 1 (a

1 2 3 4X

- 1

. -.........i;

--2

J..l..<J4 o .) ~) 1 0

~I

-3

y = log lo (x - 5) A

. ~)l 1 oJraJ l J.>-log g 27

Y = 5log lO X B
Y = loglo (x + 5)

~....) \j..,lJ1 oJ ~ \

+6

="2 0 \

~log4 6~ ~ L. I .)~ ~ )~ '

Y = - 51og 10 X D

0JraJ 4 -2 log 3 x

(II

1 (

-3 A

3 D

_1

3
1 ( 19

log 3 (z - 2) + lo g 3 t 2
. o~ 1

(13
(14

~t ul4JLb~.rt
Trigonometric Identities
~A~WJ
.( ) 0.'-"'::....."l\
j::

' ~ J>:- -JJ....o J -l..a..-> cJ" 6.k;U

ilJ.i'JL ~ R "-.iLoJ ~ ~ j.J ~

) ..L.a.<J \ o.l..O! oL 1 ~ , se c ()=

,~\

J>:- (p

E~ 2

I ."....aJ1d..:-S

I '~'"IJ ~~~l
=-' -.r-

- :r

~~~!~.=......J~
. ~ I J lj ..Ll 1

i J.i o...\;>- y. o. \...a::...... )1\ Lf"La.;.)

:U)WL ~ I.) -J.,...aJ\ J..L.a.<J1

r-J I.J' J....aJ\ t.L.....:. j:: ~ .J\)I if

' .T-~ \ .J o.l..O )'lS ~.rJ I.J ~ yAl\ -::..~ \

() .) o..........:JL ~ \.A..

c.i ;';)W\ o~ ~.J

u~u.:.:-....J I~ i .
~1~~t~ 1
.~ I

u~~I~ i

.ullaJl~~
:; .
- . 1

~~I

identity
~1~~1

cot () = c~s ()() , sin () i 0

cos ()

Sin

esc () =

+-()
,sin () i
sm

sec () = ~() , cos () i 0

cos

cot () = ~
() , tan () i 0
tan

(cos O. sin 0)

trigonometricidentity

tan () = sin () , cos () i 0

~ luLi,J~ 1

sin () = ~() r esc () i 0

quotient identities

cos () = ~() , sec () i 0

sec
tan () = ~() , cot () i 0

":'y.;;..,.J I u~ l1>:;..A

esc

resiprocal identities

cot

J.,.e ~ u Li,J l1>:;..A

LY'

cos ? () + s in ' () = 1

1j

~j

+ 1 = sec 2 ()
cot 2 () + 1 = esc ? ()
tan 2

pythagorean identities

()

'>11 u~l1>:;..A
. -

~I

cofunction identities
~~I JI"...u 1u~l1>:;..A
~~y.4.l1 JI"..Lllj

odd-even identities

~- O

iI

sin 0 = ~ ,; cost ~ - 0)

sin

G- (}) = cos ()

cos

G- (})= sin ()

tan

(f - ()) = cot ()

~J Iy 1 u~1.b:4.A

www.obeikaneducalion.com

:~~ I

tan 0= ~ ,; co t( ~ - 0)
y

s in (-(})

= -sin ()

cos (-(}) = cos ()

tan (- ())

= -tan ()

V I JIJ..u 1u~1.b:4.A
: 4,;~y..iJ I J IJ..u IJ

':'~~I;JI':'~Lt.W
~

.~~I

~-, ljJ l':'~lL:;... :U~

U"~ J~L~L;:;..,.J I
':' l:! ,I.;l ~ ~-,':' ~:; ~ 1

:.,A> W

sin 0 = .11
cos 0= x

sin (- 0) = - 1
cos (-0) = .v

~ '-'.i-U

sin (90-0) = cos ()

~ ,90,270, ... ,90 + !c180 : 0

.

. 4j

L...WJI 0 1.) LI !)I...l:.$-I..\.>o l...,...;

--

~ ta n () = sin ee 4A,~1
-

cos

L.>I

~ ~ tan ()L.>~ Jl:JL3 , 0 '-23~ ~13)1 o~.J" -'.:3 1..1 '-21r~ ~ L.>\I -.!.U.)3 \ ~.)..\.>o '-21Ie

. cot () =

~:; :-.../" G..JI I~.J" lS..r>-1 4A,Lh.:.o~ Y3 .~ 0~\b::.. L.>l:>- \l1~.) 0 Li.:~l o~ ~3

4J ~~ ~ .)~ l ~ w , ~\ J1 3 .ill ~..u\ ~\ .)~)' \ ~1 0Li.:~ 1 J~I ~

. ~ I ...;JI :\,,;U I4.........WI

J ~ L.
.
~.. .

JLLt

1
0

. 90

< () <

180

0
,

= i L.> 1S I ~l ' cos ()~ ~..u l

sin ()

.... ~ L::-'

+ sin? () = 1

cos- ()

.:..t.ull.>:..

= l - si n 2 0
1) 2
cos? () = 1 _ (_4

~.,.bJI~~:....,.sin~n:;Jau
" in

(J;r"i~J.
.
~

.!.~

cos 2 ()

--

":"'j..:.,

' ..uJ I ........

~

,~L..
..

cos- ()

= 1 _ ...L

16

cos? ()

=~

,,:,.,.!!.,.w' :>~ ."...".,..,.:J ' J~ ' .bl;

. cos () = -

V;S L.>~

I ~ 31 ( a

cos ()

16

= - 415

~ L. L.>~ cos () L.>~ '.jL:.l1 <:;,) 1.) & () L.>I k:3

-.!.U..iJ3 '

. ~..-..i:.J 1 ~l:-)l 1 .)~)' ~WI ~ I

' ~I

.t...:..- I
. 1
.A rc s m4~
3 'I I 1 -,)~

~L...! I-'~L.,

sin -

t ~ 14.48

. () ~ 180 - 14.48 = 165.52 L.>}9 , 90 < () < 180 0\1

COS () ~31 1 2 :;~ 1

. 165.52 ~ () i f uP y
eas 165.52 ~ - 0.97
. ~ ..u l ~ I

c: ~ l:- )' 10.;Li , 3 :;~ I

- v'15
4 ~ - 0.97
./ - 0.968 ~ - 0.97
cot ()

= - ~; 270

< () < 360

015 I ~l esc () ~ ~..u l I

_-J~~ .:..t.ull.>:..

Vf

-.!.UJJ3 ,.w L.

csc ()01-i

csc '

34 = csc '

25

V34
s't:I)1 t:)I.)

= esc

e
3

~VA~
0

. 270 < () < 360

0

. 180 < () < 270

0
,

0
,

cos () = t0L5I~j sin

() -:! ~..ul ~I ~)

' t l,lJ':i 1

..,.....:..r. <$i ...s ~ ~ , Lj,i

' tL..J~ ' ;r t-!J JS .}l
.1,2,3,4

e
e

es ().:>I k.

J-, ~I..<J "" t...,.

'-:JL-~i-, 4.,..~1

()

is + 1 =

5 ~..:...J I~r.)L.:.....:L

. :"~~ ~.,.:J ' ;~ I ~ L

e= -

(b

+ 1 = esc 2 e
(_ ~) 2 + 1 =csc 2e
cot 2

~ + 1 = .!_, + _"
~ = ~~
25
_"

. esc

~)

(JA

sin () = - ~ 0L5I~j sec () ~ ~..ul ~I ~ 31 (JB

3, 4

1,2

sin

(J

2, 3

1 ,4

cos

(J

2,4

1, 3

tan

(J

3, 4

1, 2

esc (J

2, 3

1,4

se c (J

2,4

1, 3

cot

(J

)1, 0 J~ ~~~ ~ ~~1...j-"-'.

,~\ JI)..J\ ~ ~~ ~\ ~ 4) \ 0 \ J~\ ~ ..:"-.)4-1 1~

<.r~i 01 ,.hA.9 o..l>-13 _+ OJb OJ\' ~ ~L:5
0

~ I;;LWI~
-

..

..

s in

esc 0

si n e esc
cot e

= _'In._1_II , co l /J = _1_
1.1n II
,in /)
sin 0

=J

(J esc
cot (J

(J
:

0 J~I ~

~ ui . >~ J;;-~ I.:r

. e--:-
1
(J

SIH'

, ;U :i ",-! ~ .J4l 1>J-'>

S ill

;u :i~~i/J ( si n e) ~ l

1
tan (j

~
Uy-=u l.J 4l ' ~ ...:..o

, (cOSe ) r \.4Jl ~

1
1
tan fJ

= .1 . tan e = tan e
1

~~~ ~
see ee( l

- cos ' e)

tan 2 e ese 2 e- 1 (2A

see 2 o

( 28

Sill

' ..r'J..J1~ I ~J " ~ bW"

ofi-J1e-)

I :; c ~ "il

.E .J 4.-:.JL sec () = _ 1_ .bL..-J1

~

1_

ER 2

(a

o =-J..,
ERE sec e = I
R2
see

1_
E_

vee 0=_1_
( () ~ tJ

COS

. ~~ 1 ~ ~

R2

= I tan

COS

(JE

(J

4.bL..-J1

...,!.lJ ~~ ~ ~J , ~ ~ I I7~

R2

..u , 6.:; ~ 1 u L. 1J"" :" 1 oc.,. ~

I cos (!

R2

, .u ~ .u-J' ~~ I

uts::.; a ~I J 4,bL..-J1u~
R2

I tan

I"""-u;.:r- ~ Iow.o .)~

(b

ecos ()
E

ER

= I tan 0 cos e
= I tan ()cos e
I sin () cos

cos ()

'.b~\

l.,:..."

.,

E = I siR2
n () : 1\ h..:..; R 2 = I tan e eos () OJ .)L...Jlj , .~
__ . , ~ ,-$
.' LJ U~L...JI
LS'.
,
E
u~ E

,.w I.:.,. ~

I~JJ

~ ~ iJ

, .u ~)4.I1 J-IIJ ',.:r

' ~.J.;J IJ , """:' l:i.;J I,J, I ~ 1
, ,?",, ~ I ,,,,, .u I ~J

R2
E

UISJ

I cos e.
; Ii .
= R2
.r./' (a) if"';

~.:,..~ ~

~ JA..., djLhJI i fLa.:... l ..).<- ~ J 5 OJ...\j ~--'.:; ' ~ I

i fLa.:... ')II ~l.i ,-:-,L.-

(20

~.J . e ~ i fLa.:... ')II ~ l.i

~ i fLa.:... I J..w W ~ c e =
~\,y ~I djLhJI)...\..i.

W ~e;:

()

(1 ...r~ )

:.:\../ ')1 1~ I

dj)WI J~~

~ I ,y ulSJ ~..u l

0 < () < 90 . cor ()

S .J '~ I,y djlh.U LJL.....;)' I

~'J w;......J1 ~I ~~I A.J 'c:ir J';'" J--J .1 1) ~

0 <

= 2 LJ l5 I ~) , tan ()

() < 90 'cos () =

(1

L.>l5 b l ' esc () (2

.~I..).<- L?;'r -J1 .h;.J1.J ~I ~i.:.r.: ~ .JI)I ().J '~I

53
270 < () < 360 'cos () = 1 L.>l5 I~ ), sin () (3

~P

270

')I ~

0~) ~I.J , W ~ ~L 4.bL...JI ul>-

(a

.cos ().J1 sin ()0.r ~ ~

180

e = 0.80 , () = 40 , A = 0.75":"';l5 I.)) W ~..,1 (b

.(~,y '"j':- '-:-'~I..}) ,-:-,) . 5 = 1000 W 1m 2

< () < 360

~ WI ~ W s-: ,;;JUI oj",...j

uL:. .')I i l

180
0

< () < 270

.../ '} 1J.J~ I

(7

I~ ) , co t ()

(8

L.>l5

: ..;~ ~ Oj l:s- .."IS ~

(2 Jl;..o)

csc 2 () - co t 2 () (10

(a

= - 3 LJl5 I.)) , tan () (5

co t () = i L.>l5 b l ' csc () (6
()

< () < 180 .sin () = ~ LJl5 I.)) , cos ()

() :;;J;,L...JI ~

JSI ~.J~

~ ~ Lk. ~ L.. ;;J;,L.... ..:...;l5 I.)) ;,...l>..:J ~ ~~I

2

sin ()< 0 , sec () = -

;;~.J.a:4A'::'~ " (21

~~ Lk. tan () - sin? () = tan 2 () sin '

tan () = - 1 LJl5 b ) , sec () (4

< () < 270 . sec

90

tan ()cos 2 () (9

sec ()ta n 2 () + sec () (12

(l
;;J;,L...JI..}):> ,y

~ [; L."

)\5 ~ ~~I ~ W I ~I ~ ~
I

sin

G- (})sec o (14

+ sin

(})(1 - sin ()) (16

cos Ocsc 0
tan ()

sin () (1

csc () -cos () co t () (18

(b

(c

L.>~

~LJ~ Lk.

: ;;J;,L...JI ..:...;l5 bl.u.r...J

~~I ~ WI ~I ,IJI:!b.J

.)1 ..lSi;) . ')I i l ~Lk. ~ sec 2 x- I = sin ' x sec? x

,'".r-au ~.:i....~ J)l,:.,y

'0 ..,.>-1O
r

~ c l = 10

<-:..>~ j ..ul i~ ~ ~I .L,..... WI

~ JA.-.-io~~ m d:5 ~ dJ-":': 1 ~1 ~ ~ j.:41'

(22

LJ~

rdl

e-

<.J~ ~ 0..,.>-i.:i.....l.--: '"rd l

'..}.J'JI .:i......wl j Y"'-"

e () 4---t;

--.!?,
() ~ I J~~ '"......-aJ10..L.:. ;,~1 ~
csc-

0..L.:. ci" I '~I..}.J'JI.:i......w1 u... ':\'0;,\..411 '"......-aJ1 o..L.:. 1

0
L?jY"'-".:.r.: d.:y l)1 () , ~l::J1 .:i......wl ,y ~ j l>J 1'"......-aJ 1

..},:;y;, L.>yU ~..L>- . ~ 0 ~~.J ~ (}4---t; ....-..JI~ ~

j ;'

:.;'1 1..:...')I;,L...JI ilk;

j Y"'-"

ulA; '"rd l 0..L.:.

J~I ~ ;;JWI oj", uL:...

--

( J J ~)

.~..wl

~ ," y4J1

~l

cos (};;J')IJ.;
9 ~ , F Il

' eJ.r-J 1...j o)yJl

m g cos ()

= 0, mg sin () -

I-L k F Il

=0

~;,r-JI oyOJ l F" .J ' ~j'J l ~.)W I UL..:;

.() ..) ;;J1..lS l-L k ~ iU;Jl lj", ~ I

. ~ ~ ')II crL.... l-Lu

~ 1 ~ (a

.:i......w~ j WI '"rd l o..L.:. ;;';.r...J ' ~I ~ I ~ I ( b

.:i......w l j Y"'-" L.>l5 I~! ~ j .JrJl J.-' '"......-aJ1o..L.:. ;;J')I J.; ~tJ l
...}.J'J I.:i......wl j Y"'-"

(13

2 - 2 sin 2 () (17

~ L....L>- , .::. ~>-:'

b ) ~ ,u...aJ I)~ ~ .:i......wl o~ j W I '"rd l o..L.:.

~.J lj ~ .:i......wl oj",

( d

+ co t 2 ())

(11

cos (- ()
s in (- () (15

;;J1..lS tan 2 () - sin 2 () = tan 2 (}sin2 ()

~ ~Lk. ~~I..uLJ~L.::JILJJWILJl5b) , ~
(b) t)J I ...j LJ ~~I LJ )~ l uL:. .~Lk. ~;;J;,L...J ILJ~

I ~-, 1

c: 30 4---L,-; ~y lj ~ ~tJl

(19

:<./t~
. ul< .h..:.....

.)! <::,L:JI ~ '}) <)~ ,)I )~ ~)I)I ..rt.".; ~I , ..;~ ~.;.s ~ ...l;:-)1
( ~L. ~l ~ ) i ) I~! ~ i f <or:- ~}1
Cos -

1 ( -

~)

~)

(35

i)

(36

.;J\K ~ ...l;:-..,1

(37

cos (Arcsin

:;JUJI

(1-3 V"J -u I) . X

= 5 ..w. 4.L..a.;.. f(x ) = {

K+x

, X

e)

e)-l

cos (f (24

l+ sin (-e)

(23

(33

tan (COS - 1 ~) (34

si n (Arctan

sec esin e + cos (f 1 + sec e

~ \} \

J ;J,)lA.. J y>- ..4>-1.) ~ J ,) ~

~ I ~ I (25

~~lO ~?~~Lh.:.o~!~ Jw 'J?1

~Lh.:.o ~~!..4>- 1 J L; ~ , )7~ ;J,)W I ~ ~.)

4t .;J,)W I\A..w.~'J~~ ,)~1t.\.h.:....,I~

. ..:b~ !~ 't ~~~!-:"';15

~ 1-sin x = co s x : 0 1 ~\ ~L.a..> '1 L:.... ...l;:-) I ~ (26

. ~ Lh.:.o

<5

3x+2 ,x~5

0,)r: yJ\

.cos

o<oL.a::...- )I \ ;J,)lA.. ~ l:5 O,)~ ! ~ '--"-:5,)~

o= -ER2
_II ...,..t.. '..r j-U
. ' \-~ \ ..Ie ";" " (,'. \"
[- :OJ-,,"",",",
,)W

~ '1L:.... co s 2

()

+ si n '

>!~ (27

" 0fJ
"

";

() = 1 : ~lb.:..J \ ..w bW ~ . ~ , (28

...rjy.~ ~?
. ~ Lh.:.o ul::.....; ta n (- a) = - tan 17 01 J" f.

'tOF J W , cos 0 = 0.8 .:.>l5 b ! ' 0\.;,)1~ \.j (39

.j l.2l>;t (29

:o).:-~ I

1..+-0 JS t}ts::; ~ jl.>- ~\

1 4.> ~ :aJ L...,.o (30

ta n () sin ()

~lb.:..J\ ~l:5 0,)~ )1 ~\ J~I ~

3.2 (

10 0

'ttan x ~ W , 0

< x < 90 . :; sin x =

11l jl5

1
m2

7Il~
1 -111 2

1 - 1/12
1/1

m
1-111 2

'--"-:5 ~

:ojy.aJ1 ~ sin ' () +

1 + cot 2

' ''>=~ (31

2
cos () = 1

()

= csc 2

b ! (40

e + ri,.,2 e
ri,.,2 e
C o> 2

co r 2
ri ,.,2

o+ r;,.,2 o

e
e

=--+
- 2
2

= f in 2 ()

= t o n 2 () + 1

co r

= H!C 2 ()
0

r;,.,2

= - 1

ri n

e
e

()

~t
ul.4JLh~4l't ~(<2U~t
. . .

c.
Verifying Trigonometric Identities
~;l,'~~

c.i

0~ '1 ~ 0\ .b-'1 ,R o~ ~ t..?)b -yL..

.JJ \~ uA5-y L..u
L
8 if 4.JL :? c~l.>- ~-,Ij.: t..? ~ r-JI .h;.J1,y ~ u '..?-y"JI..)..>- ~~~

J ~ I ~ u....,) ,

~ ,~ ?, wu.,.~ 1
. ~-, ~ I

w l-Y4-oJ 1

U L; 9 ~ , tan 8 = ;; ::;_bL....J ~ 4-W>.J ~-' u~\ ~j\ J ~

..JJI..L>- ..I..wl ~ .r:

v -, ,~ -y'1\ ~ ~ ~ \
ww.,~ I~~i

~ J I-,~ 4.l'1..\c J:-J I ~.J \j ~ 0\ ~ L.S?\ ..::..> '1~ L..v. ~ y LS

~

,a s;
;;j)l.JJ

e s; 90 ~ sin 8 = cos ~'l~ e : 4.l~L....J l5 'L.S?\

0~ \..,.~) i i ,~~ ,y

9s 0L::.bL....J10 GL> ~ Jo>

\'~

.J.>-iJ=~~ 1
. ~ :t I ~ ~ AJ , L.....J I ~~

wu.,.~ 1 ~ ~i
~J=~~1
o.,) 4-oJ1 ~ !

AJ,L.....JI ~~
.~

www.obeikaneducalion.com

~I JI.J..ll1 ~~ .J)6,,;L..o'1L ~L '11~1 ..::..>~lb..:..J1 J\......::.....\ ~ , 41 ,) '-1I ~,>la ..l.>i J.!~

.~

er-A.l ~ ..::..> q ~ , ~ 1 ~lb..:..J 1 ~ ..::..>~ ! 0 \ .? .iJ~ ..r.~ s . ..::..>~lb..:..J \ ~ ..::..>\; )1

.:r wjS.: ;; ~W l ~3 ~3 L....:'.A w1.9yh! 1~ ~ ~H..1..,J 1 ~~..I.> i ~

. I~ ~~ I ..l1yh!~ ~~ 1 ~~ I

.~~ I..l1yh! 1 ~ ;;.)~ I ;;.)~ ~ ! ..l1yh! l l~ ~ ;;.) ~1

Jy..

, 2 ::;~ t

aJ ,)la.4J I ~.".b ..1.> i J.,J

~

. ~\.h::...
.

sin 9 = 1
...r-l - cos 9
I' _:

+ co s

sin 2

4.l~ L....J1 0\..:..,.;1

.

e
sin 2 e

1 - cos

= 1=

sin ~ 0

=1 -

l:OS ~ 0

si n ~ O.,.k .t......J I ,~ I~ JS ~

cos

1 + cos
1 + cos

sin 2 e (1 + cos e)
1 - cos ? e
sin 2

= 1

e(l + cos e)
sin-' e

+ cos 8 v

e
e

J ~~3 .e-.J ~ .JI.::>-l: ~U ~3 ~.:>~ ~ ~j j:.j'U -.-~ ,...;..,L2:lk.J I.j .:>..l>W Cf' .J1.::>- '1\ a:....1J>-..L.Y
0~,J1 ~ 'J ~~ JJ3 , Jl y.J1~J o.:}1oA ,J\ ~ ~.J\.M ~

,...:;r:-\ L? jJ \ J:..l;-l\ ~c;JI 0.JU\

.eF1..u1..l>-1,ylk" ~ olb...J1 0.JU\ J:~ yo ) \.;..l;

J~I~2
:J.~
. _..I
l

."

I
I
I

'?

"4w ...s.1

cos () csc () o.JL:--JI, j~ " ~

tan ()
<.Y
'-"

esc

eB

cot

I
I
I
I
I
I
I

JLF>"il;)~ i ~ l

IjJ .csc 8 31cot 8 L., l ~ olb...J I eF1..u1~ ,)1 .h.>- '1 .;.)_.",:'110.J\.,.JJ :;.;,; K., o)_~ .:>~ l '-7").h...J \
....s,;>-\ ~ J13 ..l; J \3-ul J\..L:...,.,\ ~ ~I
JLF>"i1

I
I

L;,."

U--3

. _..b L...J I ~

U-

~J~ I~

..u- i~.}> ~,

J~ ~3i u:-"yb.l1

, - - - - - - - - - - _/

3~ ~

eF1..l;-l\0 ..l>-1cY. lk" ~ olb...J1o.JUI J f

1

esc 0 = --:-0
tan (} =
si n

sin ()

--I
C () ~ (

cos ()csc ()
ta n ()

COS () - '

sin

sin

'::''''~''' I ~.A .JS\:;Jt

J.;;""- '~

cos e

..!.lk. ~U--

cos e
sin e
sin e
cos e

~ 0.J~ ~ lk.J \ .j

e-

cos ()

cos ()

e) 0 .J ~\ c}~ c)4w
tan 2 e B
co t 2 e

L?\ (2

cos/

-.,j ,) 5 J j.>J 01Jr-''J \ .r: 0~ 0l;>-''J\ ~ .j

~ I.b:WJ I ~..J.:> ~~
r.:... 0.JY Jl

: ~ I...;.., L2:lk.J1 ~ "';"'~ l.j o~ 0y52; l..:.J 4;'11"';"'l> lfl'J \3 .45

. ;;,)~I~ ~l,,:~1 ~lwL4.;lb:U.JI0-".,...:;s131;;""""13~~~

. ~ ~ I ;;,)~ '-:> r' ~ 13 ~ 1 0-" ~ ,-:,~ 1 3i Ji.-

JS :U~..l..:' <.i1yk JS..,.us'

wl4.,,\..b:4...,J1
t ~ .13 L......JI '-""""'' 1....0> ~f-':!
~ .. t_ : - "i
.
...,.....
. l4.J. l.h4..o ~ 'lwWI
- u. i ~
, .a;;~1 :U.:>h..,J1 . . 1_ ~
I~ ~
. . f-':!
'-T~
~ .

tl..b:.........,I,)~ ~yk

JS ~ ~.~ r'L,.:;J1

..sL~
~ , w ~ .:> h..,J I ..,k ~l4.Jyk
,
-.

"

~3 ' ~10-"

.eJ ~~I

4:>.J~ ~ 'D ~ -">J I D.Jk..l 1

= sin () sin ()
= co t e co t e

co lI! = cos tJ
~i n ()

\" tan 2 e (co t/

co s 2 e (

.}> ~j.o3
.

. ...

' ~ ~ l> w

~~

. ~.." , .JL:.lI .}> ()

~.>-b ~ j.J~ J ~ ~ ul4:J U~:4.I1 ~ u~ !

. ~\.h;;..

= esc (J - sin (J 4.b L.....J1 .) ~i

co s eco t e ~ esc e- sin e
0
cos e co t e = cos e. cos O
S In

j:....; cos

(J co t (J

cos 2 0
sin 0
csc

si ll' 0

+ cu e 2 IJ =

e-

sin

e=~
O S in

sin

I -si n 2 0
sin 0

cos 2 0
sin e

. .j~ -JL.....:. .jlj,;hllj ,..........<.; )..lW1 .j ~-J~ c.d,;hll .j1 L..:

~~~ ~
.csc'

(sin

e + cos (J)2 = 2 + sec Ocsc 0

1 + sin 0
COS

csc (J - l =

cot '

e = co t e ta n

(J ( 3

(16

sec 0 esc 0

cos e
1 - sin 0

e-

( I Jl:;....a )

: ~ \.h;;.. j:....;

(17

cos-' e + ta n 2

cot20 (18
01
esc +

e cot e = esc e- sin e (19

s in e cos e tan e + cos- e = 1 (20
e -cos e = ta n e s in e

s in
1 - cos 00
1 + cos

(21

J .r": 0.}J1J-J...G L.,.x..j . ,-:-,W\'1

J..;-J\ ~ 0J~ I ~-J I) I.J L J..;-JI

9 sec 0 .i.A.....aJ
' ~ e':> y+.JV
_'I.J
,L= ~
.
- L. ~

1: _ ~ WIJ

= (csc e _ co t e)2 (5

e- l )(ta n e + se c e) = - cos e
ecos (- e) - s in es in (- e) = 1

(9

(10

cos 2

eC

s in 2

9 tan 0 .i.A.....aJ 1~

- ~ = w 2 sin 0
~ ~l ~-J ~ L ,

.:..JI:WI..b-1~J 1~ 1 1 6 .7m o~ u...a.;

.t L? .J~ e ~

(4

oA ,J \ ()K; ..)~ L-, 0J w, LSi 1 ,) .J.LiA :,....) ~ I (11

<.' tan2 0 + 1
(2 Jl:;....a) .
tan? 0

J.,blr.: ;;j)!c.J I.j1 ~ 1 ~ 1 Q,-J~

c..i--

(sin
cos

~ J..;-J I c: .j ~ ~~ ,W ~-Jlj ~~

esec eco t e = 1

e- co t e (6
ta n e = sec 0 (7
esc 0
cos e = sin e co t e (8

esc 0 sec 0

LS..b-1 J.J~Ij5:.:J\ ';;' l ';J wi (24

1 (1

1 - 2 cos? 0
::...-.....=...:=--"-- = tan
sin 0 cos 0

e = co t 2 e + s in e esc e (22
sec 0 - esc 0 = sin e_ cos e (23
esc/

.:>y->J I

e cos- e =

e (co t e + ta n e) = esc? e (2
1 + sec- e s in 2 e = sec- e (3

co t

cos

s ec

.,A L-, 4.b L.... JS' .ji ~i

"ul j

o~ ;;j)!c.J1

Jl.:-- J ~ ll.,$~

(3 ~l l:;....a ) : ~ \.h;;.. uL:..,.,;

~ .j15.J .JL.....a..JI I.i.. .j

sec

:.lw,.; !

." ~ bW " ofi

e-

(13

e esc e = tan e + co t e

(14

tan

sin 0 + cos 0

. I:WI ~ .r" ~ } ;

.j 0':>) } I ~ I ~ .Jlj ~ ~I ~ ,'1 ;\ cos e~ ;\

e = 1 -cosS i ~ 0
1 + ta n 0 = sec e

sec

(25

,=A L-, 4.bL.... u15 .ji ~i

S1I1

(12

0- 1
e + cos e = 2. sin?
0
e (15
cos
S Ul

: - 1
u ')' .) L....J l y ~ I

.bL....J I.).i,..

I ~ I ~I

+ co t 2 () =

csc 2

()

+1 =

sec 2

()

lan 2

()

I I

sin 2

I I

s in 2

() -

+ cos 2 () =

()

sec (- e ) cos

cos 2

()

= 2 s in

.:r<.J.., , ~ \.k.., sin 2 0 + cos 2 e = 1 ~ I~W ~

. ~\.k.., --=-::J sin 0 = VI -

()

tan

~I uL.ac~1 ~l:5 o.)L..l ~ I ~W ~ .Y' 01 I ~ I (47

.0l;>- 'J\ ~ ci (cos e) i U\ ~ .., (sin e) ~\ ;;j')'~

:o\ i f ~ ,0 L:.. \.:.:... 0l:U 1j o , 13 o\ ~ I ~l ~

.cos? lX + cos/ 13 = 1
I

"

\.k.., ~ v' J ,.r:

....

: .j~ \..,...: ulSJ ~...Ll l

( 3 - 1 ..,..)..J I)

1 ~ J7"

sin' (- e)

(31

sec ' (- e) - ta n 2

ecos 0

(37

e)

(39

(49

e)

(26

0) (28

( -())

(f - e)csc e
csc '

(30

(34

sec 2 e- tan 2 e (36

cos/ x + sin 2 x
co t

(sec 2 0 + csc 2 0) - (tan 2

(48

J5 ~

cos (-() ) sec 0 (32

tan
(35

sec ()s in ( ; -

+ cos/ ( -

(29

e
e

1 + tan
1 + cot

. ~lb ci 0~L.: j j '1l y ~I , ~ JI..,.)0 }

,.i.l:.j
...r.JI
.

e)

>:~ (45
cos

co t (- e) tan( -

sin (- e) esc 0 (33

~~~ \.k..,Of,J~ ~~ j~ l ".i lj.... ~ t (46

. ~ \.:..I \ .., '-.;l:.H

.

(- e)

co t (- e) cotG -

1 ~U I .)..l>- J , ~~ I ulJ~ 1 if

sin e csc (- e) (27

(44

,~ ~ )C"' .., 0 .;>-\l 1':"')U1

ii

etan e (38

e + co t 2 0)

(40

t.lA;)0~ ' <..J"".J\l Ie:L if ;;. u UI ,-:"W\lIJ )\.b l~ I ~ l:~ (41

: ;;j)l.,J ~ 0l.b.;.;; x ~\l1 ~ lj )' l .., Y ,-:"W\l l
2
.
_
,
_ gx
x sin 0
,,-:,1...L:;')'I a,;-~ I<...?' Vo~'Y=
?
?
+
- e

2v o cos- e
cos
~l:5 ~I . ~ )\I I ~ ~W I UL...; 9 ,J')U,)' 1~.., Ij e,ul'..,..i.i.JJ
.tan e 0.r-- ~ ~ ~ ~')' ~ ;;j)l.,J10.lA

I ~ ..,i

e = t L.>l5 b) , sin e (50

90 < e < 180 cos e= - %L.>l5 b ) , esc e (51
270 < e < 360 sec 0 = i 015 I~ ! ' cos e (52
0

0 <

e < 90

cos

;; J..J.A.l10~,

. ~,;JL ~ J J.-' ~

0\.;.)\

~I ~

I 4I..,.uL..aA

( ~ L... ;;J '-t;.A )

~~ (53

R :\..o..,l.i. J )l;. j" .);? .Jl.:,; .J"'J' ~ I ':' ~.:J~! (42

f~' P = I0 2R sirr' 21rft : ~~ ~ c;ly:J1.:r t ~ P

.)L?J 0

. e ~..,\

~ \ f o' .).).;J \

cos 21rft ;;j')'~ ;;.J..\A.l.l ~ 0\ (a

2

csc 2 21r[t ;;j ')'~ o.J..\Al ~ ~ \ (b

( J - l..,..J..JI )

sin ee
sin 2 e- cos ' e
4

cos 4

(55

sin

.~~I ~.J~'~

e cos e (1 + cot 2 e)

(54

.r~~ ,;;jLJ ,o.lAci ' :; .:l ~ ':' ~ '

. 1= 2 sinx j.:.. ;;j.)l.,...

ci .bA.; sin xL.>y<:' ~ ~UI ;;j.)L....JI ~l:5 ~\ I ~~ (a

. ~>J I ..l>-1
, cos e t} L~ ')' J~ L..... ,-?\ 1 .:l ~ ~ .) ~ 1 (56

\' o < e < f~

cot e sin e

cos e
cos 20+ sin 2e

tan f csc e 0

1-sin 2

case

= sin

.}I J>-)' I 0~1.j J 0::; X < 2 1r J~I ci ;;jl...s ~~

. 0 l;. .) \)~ x ~ ~) "" ~ elA:JI.klA.; c:-::.)J>- ~ .........;,;
(a) ~\ ci 40~ j i ..;11- .)L....JI ci

: ~ \.k.., ~ ~ l:ll ;;j.)L....J10 i ~i ,;;~ ~~ I.9~ Jlj.... (57

sin ' e cos e + cos ' o s in e

(a) ~I ci 40~) ~I ;;j.)L....JI ci> Lr" '% j.:.. I ~~ (b

e cos e

~~ (c

0~l ci 3 -2 1r <x <2 1rJ~lci;;jI...s , ~~

~ ..,13 , ~ ~l;;,:j l .klA.; ~.)J>- ~ , """";'; J IJ>- )' 1

.r )l5 j.:..

.0l;. .)I)~x ~

~l.:: ~l c!' .., , ;;j .) L....J \ JyW :\..o W I ~ I ~ l~

(d

(43

L4 8 "=.~ ~,~ ~-~ '3 t.J-4-;---.J 4.:.~~t.J' U l4:' lb.~.J'

Sum and Difference of Angles Identities
2

]I

~,:l:~~

"I

~ ~ ...:-:S L....:....,~ . oJL.;,':I

10..Li9"
)U I...:....; ,:;':I I .:l . ..., ~ I if"
I"
~
~
~
.) l> IJ.j ~

j.;..li Lp...... ~ .r" -.:..lb i f

II

= <in ( \ ...... .-E... }

u = -m (\ -

- .:JftJ

J'J...u1~ ,~ ! ":""J'
. ~ I-,j..U ~ 1

j~ j" (./ )\::, L,~ J>- 1..1:JI 0~.J

. ~ ~i ) 4J ~ . .,..s::..J 1~ J....JI i f JS .\........ if .r.5i

II := <in;

-2

,"../..,1

~) I c).J ,~ j l.5:.,J l i f ~ ~I c.1j"\II ~

-,

!.' ~~

, ~ I ~ ~ 'I '

u~1 J ~..;-.J I ;,.;UI.i.b L....Jlj i .b- ':I

f)

.C9.>41'-, t~' ':' I.4:J ~

~ J L........:..... l-..l,A...JI i f j~ -.,.J WIc) J ' x , f ~--, I ) I ~ ~ ' J J ~I

.:l~ 1 ~ ')\.:...j . O .:l ~ ~ I J) ~I dJ~ 1 ~ .:l~ 1 c) ~ J ..,..JI )

.:.r-:.J1j

~ ~I ~I

. sin (60 - 45) : .:l ~1 J)G.. i f sin 15 -:1 ~...u l ~I

J~~I"~ I~-,
~ 1':'l4;~ 1

~I-,~-,Ijt~
.~

':'~~ '~~i

J~4~1
t~ I ':'l4; 1.b:;..,

d~ l -,

Z9~ lj t~1 ul4:t~

Ivww.obeika neducation.com

t~I':'I.4:J~

sin (A B) = sin A cos B cosA sin B

sin (A +B)

cos (A B) = cos A cosB

cos (A

tan (A _ B) =

+ sin A sinB

tan A - tan B
1 + tan A tan B

= sinA cosB + cosA sinB

+ B) =
tan (A + B) =

cos A cosB - sin A sinB

tan A + tan B
1 tan A tan B

1 JIi.A

sin 105 (a
sin (A

+ B) = sin

fl = 60, B = W

+ cos A sin B : ~1.h.:..J 1 ~ \

sin 105 = sin (60 + 45)
= sin 60 cos 45 + cos 60 sin 45
A cos B

= ('{ . ~) + (i

~)

=V6 + Y2 =V6 +Y2

4

cos (-120) (b
cos (A - B)
tl

60 , B = 1/10"'

Jr'J 1~i.h:..A

= cos A cos B + sin A sin B

: ~ 1.h.:..J 1 ~I

cos (- 120) = cos (60 180)

= cos 60 cos 180 + sin 60 si n 180

=-1. (-1)+ '113 . 0
2

1
2

sin 15 (IA

~\; t -'-"-! .r ....;~~ C Jl:,:JI I..Lo. 0""":' ~J ,;;";~~ I ) IJ..lJ I\.S J.>.! ci JJ? J~.R J L; ~ ' ''~ .>4S
. .;...~ J ..lJ~ ~J I) I u""'~ ~ ,

= 3 sin 165t ~~

' ~J lj t..~ J k...:.....~ , ~\ ~~ ~i

c

(a

= 3 sin 165t
= 3 sin (120 t + 45t)
0

~':i I ..J~ I ''''':'U'"~ .J~~

~ ~''t l" .(A m m e ler )

r"

= 3 sin (120 t + 45t)

'JL::J l j) J..l:. I,.)"' ~ O ...l>.J ~.3 ~\ LJ-4

' U'"~'J-" "~"

= 3 sin (120 + 45)

0

1= I

= 3[sin

120 cos 45

+ cos

120 sin 45 ]

3V6 - 3V2
4

. 3V6 - 3V2

'.r.:-" I

t.,? JL.; ;J.>.I." ~~ -'-"-! J l:,:JI ;......:. , 0 ~!

I~~~ ~

:<.}4 w ~1.; , c = 2 si n 285t ~ ~ ~ c J l:,:J1 0......:. ..:..;15 I;!

.~."Ij ~ Jy-OJI J k...:.....~ , ~I 40 L:5 ~i ( 2A
.;J.>. IJ ~~ -'-"-! Jl::J1;..l..:J ~ ..lJ \ ~I J ~Y \ ~.,, \j ~ J )ll ~\ ~ l.h:...J \ ~\ (28

c) 4 1~ Jy-OJIJ ~Jlj ~ ~ I ~ I';"' ~ lb.:,. ~ ~I ':'l4;I~1 ~'::'L;U !

I

. .;...~ Lh.:..J 1

.;... L,;J

JLi.A

: ~Lh;,. ~ <.}4 L... :i.b L... JS 01 ~1

cos (90 0

(J)

= sin

(J

(a

cos (90 - ())

= cos 90 cos () + sin 90 sin ()

=
=

O cos () + 1 . sin ()
sin () 0/
. ~ l.h:...J 1 jA ~ \' 1..j)J\ Y" ~U\

;W~ 0~

-......:.u .:,,;s

~l,o lJ '':'L..~
~ ~ . O , 360

.r.;lli
-

~ I .........;JI
-

':'~ lk:...

~,

, L..."I

J \..W....L. ~

."y4.l'" t~'

. ~ ~r

WWI ".:a

sin
s in (fJ +

((1 + ~) =

cos

(1

(b

f)

' ecos 2Tr + cos eS In

2Tr
= Sin
= sin fJ 0

= cos

+ cos fJ 1

e v'

. ~ ~ Iif ~ \l 1"";? l1Y" ~l:J 1

~~~ G
sin (90 - fJ) = cos fJ <JA

cos (90 + e) = - sin fJ (38

L., ...t:s- Vj ...Ll I .:i.: I~ c) ' ''~ I~ W '' .~ J!e- ) I.:.~J~ ! (16
~ rJ lif JS . . . . . . if.?"i Lp..... ~ yo c?J 0~ yo J )l:;

( I J~ )

. L;Ll", 0.A: ..!.U ~ ~J ' ~l: J..>1..tJ10.A:

. L;..

:'-?'-i., k. jSJ w..u

- l~
_ I..l.>. J i

cos l OY (2

cos 165 (1

sin (- 30) (4

cos 75 (3

sin (- 210) (6

sin 135 (5

tan 195 (8

cos 135 (7

J.>1..u

. y ] = 10 sin (2t

. ~r-U ~ ~ oL.... ~J

,
:C~ I ...Ll 1 if )\5 0i ~ I ~!

210), Y2 = 10 sin (2t + 30)

,u?I...Ll1

1..i..". .,t..;.~.J

12 J~ )

~ ~).; '~yo v~

tan 165

(17

2371"
tan 12 (20

sin 735 (19

co t 11371" (22
12

571"

esc 12 (21

~ j>J1. ~ ';J F 4.}l5J1 yOJl ) ...lio 0 \5 bj , o~ .)i ~ I c) . :;.,:! (23

J = W(sin A +[.L cOS A ) ~ )l,J L L . - ~ l Ir .\.;., L;
cos A - [.L SIn A
. ~ .J
<...>'"'".

0i ~,

[.L

= tan fJ, ~j>J 1 0 j J Y" W ~

. F = W tan (A + e)

= 2sin(l20 t) ~ ~ ~ L; t..4: ~-:7" \I~ C j l:JI

< r-=ul j ~ J L......::..... ~ , ~ I ~l.:5 ~i (a

: .;~ k. jSJ ~...Ll1 I ~ Ji

sec 1275 (18

.c

, ~L..l~5 o)b c) .)~? ';~R ).; .r-: I ~ ~>P (9

~ I.) ~';J ~U-:-::J lj t~ ~ I ~ ~ I ~ I ( b

.o...l>-Iy ~G ..4: .Jl:J1..t...:J ~ ...Lli

(3 JIiA ) : ~L6.:.. v~ .;~ k. .bL....

sin (90 + fJ)

cos

= cos fJ

(10

(3; - e) = -sin e (11

tan

(e+ f ) = - co t fJ

sin (fJ + 'IT)

cos

J5' J ~i

= -sin

(12

fJ (13

(-- + fJ) = -sin fJ

(14

= 1 + tan e
1 - tan e

(15

ta n (fJ + 450)

'-:I..I.:..} ~ bW o~..} 0~1 o L.y.,...JI ~I 1 ~1 (32

.
. ,

~ \ o l.<: ~ 1 ~ ~

~ ,..l.Y ~ 0 r

C.r::J 16 Jlj-JI.j.) o" j ..ul

ely\; \ .j J>-lx.Jl ---..i...o} ,~ J .;.!I.) ~r-=ul j G~

, .~I r.J >-lx.Jl ~ J.;JI ~ Y ....:...,; ;:;~I ~.j ~)\.l l

~ \ J 5J o l.)~\ ~ J' ~j . A,

B, C J'

c;J I

fl'j

m~

30

90

: ~') I':;"; j ~1 J' ;j.s .h..::

si n 0 csc 0 - cos? 0 (34

.... ~ ... 7'

~

sin (A

+ B)

= sin A

+ sin B ...:...,;\5 I ~l ~:l.:,..

::iA; Lh.:.. y....;.;~

sin (A + B)

0 \5 b ) , sec e (36

180 < 0< 270 , sin 0 = -1 0 \5 I~ ), cos e (37

90 < 0< 180 . cot e =

_ 2.
12

cos (A

"

+ B) =

sec (A - B) =

\....., J~lA.. JS J

= tan A + tan B
sec A sec B

~i
(25

1 - tan A tan B (26

sec A sec B

si.n (A

sec A sec B

+ tan A tan B

(27

B) sin (A - B) = sin ? A - sin 2 B (28

::iA;lh:.. y....; ~')\ ~r:=.bL....J1 J' JS J ~i

sin e + cos e
O
' 0 (41
tan e cot e = co s + S1l1
sec

e (sec 0 -

cos 0)

= tan 2 e

(42

.J.;.!I) G~ \ j y<:..u ~ ~1 0j~ ,.;..,;\'\ o) .:-.J\ ~ '>=.>iJ

sin

(~ -

:Oj LJ..\ 6..ij..u1 ~I lo (43

sin (60 + 0) cos

2

e-

cos (60

V3

V3 D
+ 0.3 =

+ e) sin
2

V3
2

~ (30

d ~ ~ ~~ , ~~ 1 0j u ~ I .0.1>-} \ 0)1.:> . j

(xl' Yl) = (cos B, sin B) , (x 2' Y2 ) = (cos A , sin A)

A

0 0\5 I~ ! ,;;~ ~~!.J~ J'';'''' (44

. - . . 'I - - 'I yI..: , 7f < 0

.co t O.J
. ~..u~~

+ B) ~~I ~I

<..,?"'l.:AJ 1t!'} 1.j A, B L2) I)1 u:; ,0\";~ 1 j5:...:JI .,jL.2l.H

~

(29

0) cos (~ + 0) - cos (~- e)sin (~ + e)

. co t A , cot B J~..I.: co t (A

'cos 0

~.J ~ (a

0\5 \~I , csc 0 (38

270 <e <360 'cos 0 = l4 0\5 bl , sin e (39

o <e<; , 8cosO-5= 00\5 1 ~ !, tane (40
(3 -2 ...... ;..u l)

."!"' ........, ~

. ~~ ! ~. ~ , I ~ LL

:.;~ \....., jSJ ~..ul ~I ~ j i

I-..

~WI ~ I.) ,~b 15 -; A J''yl B 01./)\ I ~ ~ (b

, y = sin (x + x- 15) :J' )\.5 y.,...:J "-:,;L:-:JI
. ~ 4....';, UI J>:- y = sin x + sin (x - 15)

cos ? 0 sec 0 csc 0 (35

O < e <90 , tan 0 =

(24

90
30

( 3- 1 V";..u 1)

:; ~ .J.a:4..0 u~ "
+ sin B :~.;.!\

45
60

~l-~l
.j-J
..]A

( 3-1 V".;..u I)

B) = sin A

(33

j5J L:..; .,.:>-1

. lft, ).:;..~

. J.)~ I J.SI

'i l::YI ul>-lx.Jlj

.j ~ I .) j A , B, C ...:...,;\5 b ) :.;..,;\' I '-:)2J\.j ~.,:w.."O\JL.....

tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C 0~ ,...:......L:...

, J W I oi", .j

. sin. (A

- 1

37\

< -2- ~

- 1

(31

.Ls ~

JyhJ

w-' o.)~ r:' .J-'WI wL:. L:. ~ ' ':-''''''' ~

:;

(3-2 .......).....rl)

.J

(14

: .; ~ W:- ~ G:-?U 0\.;.)1~I u~ 1

: .;~ k. oJ~ ulS ~

(3 -I .......;.....rl)

. h ~ ..l::--, I ( a

co t ()

= cos
(J .:>1 . S In (J
~

co t

e sec e
e

1 - cossin2 e

(h

1
cos e

COS

(3

(1
(2

s in -' s (3

cos

(-i - e) esc e (4

-1 ~
. ~ --,.....r 1 ) c.,s'-L- k. ...KJ w
- ..u I ~
_ I ...L>-. -' l

0 < () < 90 , cos () = ~':>lS I~j , s in e (5

(3-2 .......;.....r1) :.:L4.:lh.;... ~

'oA k. 4LL..... J5" .:>1 ~\

s in
sec1 e = (sec
sece
e_

e + 1) co t ()

(15

270 < () < 360 , co t () =-

i .:> LS I~ ! ' esc

0 < () < 90 , se c () = } ':> lS I~! , tan () (7

: 0) ~ 1 ::} K,

,_A k.15 t

I ~~,:,... ) ~I
(8
~ .....r I) ~ cos e

- ( 3- J

sin ? e tan? () = tan-' () - si n? () (16

1 _ sin 2

u ;

tan () (
co t () (1 - COS ()

( 3- 3 . ~ ).....r l )
~

= cos (J . sin e
1 + cos e

:c.,s'-L
- k" u"~

(17

w..u
l~
I ...L>-. J \
_
COS 105 (18

() (6

eA
esc o B

COS

sec () 0

~..L J o) ,:;..ul ~''Y I ~.:.> w..... ~J ' ,:-, Wi ~.J.A (9

J=.-> 0 1j jb-' <16 m ~I o...L. o) b ~ J~.:.>lS I ~! .,-:-, W 'YI

J ~I ~ -.....i....a.; R ~ , tan

_,2

e= ;R

d,.;')W l: ~ .:> w.....

"-:--:' .J\I I ~~ W\ UL..; 9 ,~L;" j5J__..:.J ~ ;;~ . /-J I v 'L?")

(3- 2 ...~ ;.....r 1 )

. 9.8 m /

s2

I..u1

L?"3L.e3

~~ 4:.J lj ..l::- -,l; , ~ L?"-'L.e.:.> w..... J=.-> ~-, Ij ~ .:.>lS I ~!

(a

tan 15 (20
co t 75 (21

(3-3 (.....; ..L/I)

~ cos ~; ~

(3- 2 .......; .....r1) :.:L4.:lh.;... ~

L,

(22

v6 -V2 (
4

v6 +V2

COS 30 cos

si n e ta n e = (1
1 - cos e

j i ~I (23

e + si n 30 s in () =

. si n 60 cos () + co s 60 s in ()

..J..=4l 1 ~ J t.,w.1

3 J..-.:.t I

cos

cote
e sin

cos e csc
cot e

(3-3 .......).....rl) :.:L4.: lh.;... ~ ~'l 14.J.)~ 1

141

co t 2 () + 1 =

V2 A

v6 +V2

'o-A k. ~bL..... J5" .:.>1~1

an

() (1 -

+ COS

(10

e=1

(II

(1 2

()) se c

' e )= cos e sin e (13

SIn
1 + sin e

l4.a '9':J ~1j.t1 1

",,;,t

~ 1 u~Lb"c.411

Double-Angle and Half-Angle Identities

I; ~:j5.'!J

~J .L:\ j i ~ C,).J.>..., ~ \J ~ "WI ~ o ~ -,~ \ yJ l ~

,,1.*\ <-i "WI f::P ~ \.,.,~ ' ~J l j J

d"1 1<J=::hWI l.> ~

t:-d l ~ .r: ~ . W I J L

.(J '-"}J.A.., ~'''1 \ ..bJ1t: <-:)Ij) ,

J~'-!l"~ I~,j
~ 1~ lw~lb:;..4

v ~~

';.J-"-ll,j ~,j lj t~

.4--" /') , cJjU\ tL,.;;} .~~ ci..\..>.L.; 0 oJ! H

~ I~'~ !':""J'

: H tL,.;; } ~i J' 0 ~\' \ :UL.J I l.>b~

V2
v2
?
. 0 = - sin 2e, H = -2 sin- ()
9

~Q.~

~ l.>i ~ I~!

.eci -.J1 ..\5 ~ 4.;-JI Y ~

.~

lJ~~ llJJ
, ~ I ~ ~I
J~'-!l"~I~,j
~Iw~lk.:;...,jl

."=,j Ij,l I ~

-.J b ~ ,) ~ ! ~ ~..\..>. L.; o \k lh::.. ~JJ l.>~ l.>i lSl.:>-i ~ \ .:r

A:J ljJl-..Aa....:.J ~I u~~1

. ~ J i <-:)1)1 ~

".+'

~,j~ I~~ i .
J~'-!l"~ 1
~ Iw~lk.:;...,j,

."=,j Ij,l I ~

www.obeikaneducatiol1 .com
: ~ 9 ~ ~ ~':l l w l4,> ~ 1

sin

ze =

Z sin

e cos e

cos
cos
cos

2e = cos- e

s i n? ()

ze = z cos' e 1
ze = 1 - Z sin ? e

tan

ze =

tan

1
. 0 < 9

/I

+ sin~ 0 =
si n

Jl1..A

90 , sin 9 = ~':"lS"
\ ~I' sin 29...J w.
JJI.
~I..l'
3

<

. cos e ,)~y ~ sin 2 e + cos 2

(OS~

1 tan?

e = 1 ~\.h.:..J\~ 1
cos / e = 1 sin 2 0

o=~

cos / ()
cos /

.1 ;;~I

= 1 (tr~

e = ~9

e = ]v5
5
. cos &= 3 ,-?i ~ yo cos () .J~ ,J)')I\ L )I <-i ~ &,)
~"..b.U~".:J l ).-.-.lI~L

cos

k:)

. sin2e~ )i 12;;~1

sin 2&
sin /I =

"3 ' cos

/I

90 < () < 180,cos

..fi
-i

o=

= 2 sin 0

II

= 2 (t) (-=)
4V5
= 9-

-t

~~~ ~
l.>15 b !, sin 2&-:! ~JJ\ ~\ ~) (I

~ 1j1'~ ~ l u~~ 1

: sin 8 =

t; 0 < e < 90

lJIiA

.:,,~ ~ ..;~ ~ jsJ ~..l.ll ~I ~ ."i

cos 2(} (a

~ iL.u ~ 0~\.k., ~ .:>i ~ L:.;~ ,1 JW\ l.r" .......J..... cos 8 , sin 8 l.r" J5 ~ .:>i ~

. cos 28 = 1 - 2 sin ' 8 ~ Lh.:..J 1 J"... .:..-..;..j 7"'3 .-'>..)\)\

~, 'j.lI ...:.....,....,~

=1 -

cos 28

2 si n 2

, ~ !~si n (A +B )

()

= 1- 2("3')2= 9"1

si n lI = t

' " ' - ' I .. tz..:.\

'-_
oJ

~ ~J l.....:;..... I~

, 9 ~..1 ljJ l ~ ~

~ W ,s i n2 9..1 l
~ ~J l.....:;.....1

tan

. tan 28 ~." I) I ~ Jk ~\.k., ~...; \ tan 8 ~)

t an

~ll.>J I;U I. """,:, ..,..u

2() ( b

!
3

..fi

1 :i~1

0
8 -- .sin
t . (I

3"

1/ = - . co s 1/ = 3

2 2V5
= V5 = 5
. tan 28
tan 28

1 2 :;~ 1

2 tan ()
1-

tan 2 ()

2 (~)
1- (2~r
=

2(~)
25
25 -

20
25

4V5
5
1
5

4V5 . 2 = 4V5
5

~~~ ~
: cos

o = - -j; 90 < 8 < 180 .:,,~ ~ ..;~ ~ jsJ ~..l.l l ~I ~.)i

0

tan 28 (28

4Jb ~ )~ )I \ ~ \.k., ~ ..l.l .:> ~.:> i

cos 28 (2A

,':"l.:> ~I ~.j .L:-W1l.r"

4:J ljJ l

~ ~ I '::' l4;I ~'

. -'>. .) \) \......;...aJ ~

"n!!...=+.yl-COS()

51

!t - +.y 1 + cos
()
2
cos 2 - -

tan

f =

1 - cos () cos ()
1 + cos () I

cos(A+B)

t 8 ~" ljJ l ~ ~ W ~

~ 111

.~ !~

i= -1

, cos 29..1"\

3J~

~tjJl ~ ~t ~L.4.:Jlb:i..r1

...:.Jt:.ll t!)I...) &

e, sin e = - ~ ":'>4 ~ ,cos ~~ ~..J I \~)1

3) L.:. )'1 ) ~1

(a

~ ~ ", :.II ~.rl '-',!-'""'"

cos 2e =1 - s in :! O

o= _i3

SIO

cos

cos ' ()

~~....w ' ::>\Q ~.".:J' .;...,.JI:">'L.

~ ~L>'I ~~~,j

.Dj L.::. ?,,

= 1 - 1&.
25
= 259

? ()

cos -

:.,.l>JL.

.%~3 'j.U .~ :i' ~

(-tr

=1 -

()

cos () =

. cos () = - ~..:.>\j
,..:.JUI LJU ....JI !...?-' ""..A; ()..:.>1L
J
.
<-

cos
(O~

"2e =

yl

--

()=-4,

=+
- - 2

= +,
!I
-V S

. cos 67 S ~ ~..J I

I ~)1 (b

cos 67.50
(O~

IJ
2=
I

V+
I

cos /I
2

I=~

= 2-Y2

---'-----,,~-

0f

V2 -Y2

= ----::2-

~,jA~ ~
.J t:.ll t!)I...) t!

() , sin () = ~..:.>~ ~ sin f ~ ~..JI ~I ~ ",I

~ ' J.>-I I ~ D~ J-,i

(3

~'jJt Ua.Q1 ~I ~l4:l~ 1 JLW...l:J ~I

.Z~}J '..r.) .uI4:I~" ~1 ~ W II

.".,a.;

-i .) ~ rJl..:.>L..,.t.-ll.)le-) I~l~
H

~ sin 28

v 2 sin 2

29

v2 sin 2e

sin 2 8

v 2 sin 28

29

sin 2 8

2 sin 28

roJlL. ...... i ~ ~ <-!J.l..>J 1;;. )";'u

~ \..I.AO ,;;~~..LA."..J~ I

sin 20= 2 sin Oeos 0

4 sin 8 cos 8

= "4'
~
= lanO
cos ()

~j ,.:,.t.~I~I~;;~..P._'--'"-"

sin 8

cos 8

. 312m t l.4:i.) l ",..rt ~ i.) .W I

t tan ()

~~~

C.

:-;'4 L,.., -j.s ~ ~ JI

sin 15 cos 15 (4B
W' . ..:.>~Lh:..J 1

sin 135 (4A

~ ..:.> ~l..) ~ J rJ l.J ~)j ~ ~\ ..:.>~Lh:..J \ J k..:...... 1~ -!.11.;S.i;

.LJ..:I ..:.>~Lh:..J\ ~ ":'>~!..)~.J ~u\)\ ~ ~1 ..:.>~ Lh:..J 1 J k..:...... 1~

. ~ L.6:...

j...;
1

cos 28
+ sin 28

==

cot 8 - 1

cot 8 + 1

cot 8 - 1

cot 8 + 1

~-l

cot 0 = cos ()

sin (J

sin ()

~+ l
sin 0

cos
- sin 8:
= -'cos
. .:. :'----:88:----'.,.--:
+ sin 8

cos 0 + si ~ 0 = 1 ~ ...~L.
",0+ Sill ()
'

cos 8 + sin 8

cos 8 + sin 8

cos 8 - sin 8
cos 8 + sin 8
2

cos 8 - sin-=----:=----
8

= - -----==----=--=
2

cos? 8 + 2 cos 8 sin 8 + sin 8

cos 2 8 - sm 2 8

1 + 2 cos 8 sin 8

eos 0 - sin 2 0

= cos 20; 2 cos 0 sin 0 = s in 20

cos 29

1 + sin 20

. ~ lk. ~ ;J.) k..! I .:>1L;?I

\ .r--:!\J1...J",.hJIr

.J

~~~

.4 COS X -

I
C.

sm2 2x = 4 cos" x ( 5 I
- -----./

e lY' \I I .J.5:...':-J <.,?iJ l .b J~ \ J'"i.;

~Ij ~;

tlA ~~

(18

M tL. .)..w ..;.; ~ \ .;:-W 0J lhJI "';\.,.::>-1,y ~ U I ;..;J....a.ll

. sin

.
'
0 cos -:;0 ,J"..r~ C \ "-'-l.::-'-u
' I ~
~ ~ II ~ J '\
, sm
2 (J cos 2 (J sm
-:;(1- 3 u~. " :ii) :.:,l5 \.il
I

%== 1.r 6i')W I ~ ( tL. <.,?JL..JI .~.r...J I ~\.>:. cJl ~)

e == 14 ; 0 < e < 90
sin e == t ;90 < e < 180

(1

e == ~ ; 270 < e < 360

(3

sin

cos
tan
. , U \ ~ "-l b "-l "1 .J.: M .) ..w \ ~ ,y ~ (a
a

ci .(;~J <.,?iJ\ ~\ ~\j

.;l::J10..L.:. Gl5 l.il ~ G.&

cos

.t L.

e ==

i~ .jl5I.il

(b

~ "7' L>J

.).!.Y

oJ b ci .).).7-" .;L,; ~

lU~-,,;;.s:r!

(19

P 0 .;..GJ\.j~, 10 sin t e L.S"

-.;L;- t if)I..\;..Y ,r.:-">'JG I cJG.n-SJ1

2
2
,y .,~ . P == 10 R sin te : ~ ~ ~ R ~ JL;;,.J~-:\h.; rJ l
. cos 2te
~ 1 J.:: 1 ~

..... ~ -:';\,T' O.!.Y ,.J. i 0.,5

"-l'J~

j5.;

;)

e == - 158 ; 90 < e < 180

sin e == ~ ; 90 < e < 180
S in e == _ 12 . 11 < e < 3rr
17 '
2
ta n e == - 2 ; ~ < e < 11
2

sm

I ~ ~ ;;~ (20

:.j l5 I.i! sirt 20 I cos 20 I tan 20 ,J"

cos

12

(22

,.J. i o.? ~ "1 j5.; I ~ ~ ;;fi

~ c: 37 4---L,; ~JI ..i. o.?

~ ; 90 <

e < 180

(24

e == ~ ; 180 < e < 270

(25

cot

"-ll..ul ~ -';~ I ~W\ ~ I

orAJlci ~

f (x) == 4 (si n

e cos f

~~ ( a

- cos esin~ )

~ -.)\..w! ..... ~J

. ~~ ~ -.:...;i ~ .f (x ) ~ lh; ~I

"-l1..u 1~ ~~ I ~W I ~ 1 I ~ l.,.";l ( c

orAJl .) ~

g(x)

== cos '

(e - -}-) -

sin 2( e -

}-)

. - 211 ::; X ::; 211

"-l "1.J.: "-l b ~(C) "') cJ ~ I ~I ~ ~ 1 I ~ ( d

. ~~ ~ ~i ~ . g (x ) ~lh; ,UI ~

(13

'vP'; \II

~ ..rJ1 d ~\ll 6iL.J \

. d == 2v sin 8 cos 8 ~G 1... - ' 0 cll

t! L:; 9 ~
9
_
. ~ J""'"'
;;. )I..w)' I ..... yJl j.J v.J' 32ft /5 2 <.,?JL....:J ~.; ''J I ~ .iWI
( 4 J ~)

. ~I

' ~J I) I u.......a.J ~1 -:..> ~ ~1 ')~ ~\ ~

( a

~ I J L...,..;,....~ 0,}J1 ~ ~ I d ~\ll 6iL.J\ L. ( b

. ~ \

. - 211 ::; X ::; 211

"-l'J~ "-l b ~( a)"') cJ~I~I~ ~ \ I~ ( b

Gl5 I.i! .52ft/s L.>.)...l.M

.) ~! ~ "-lUI 0..L. ci w...:...<:"""::",,, I ;;~..l&i.e U~ " (26

. ~ \ J IJ ..ill ";~ \ ~ I ~ I~Lv I ~ 4k \..h.:.,.,

tan 5rr (12

(23

e == -

'IT

(21

e == i; 0 < o < -i
tan e == -3; 90 < o < 180
se c

(7

tan 165 (11

jsJ ~..u l ~ I ~ Ji

sin

(6

sin 75 (10

~ \ uL...,..;,.... \

e == t;0 < e < 90

(5

cos 15 (9

A ~-, I) I if jSJ ~J L..:..

. 13 ..:r-.r.:.J1 ci o~ \

(4

:'-!'. L. ~ ..rIcl- w..ul

~I
.
. ..i.>. J i

0.;..GJ\

o,}JI ~ ~ I ~\J \ 6iL.JI .ji .:.r.r. . 95 ft /s L.>.)..l..i.

.e == 45 + A , e == 45 -

(2

( 5 J~ ) : ~\..h.:.,., ~"A~"-l.)L...J5 .:,I-.:...;i

t

an

e --

1 - cos 28 (14
sin 28

(si n e+cos e )2 == 1+ 2 sin e cos e (15

tan 2e ==

2
(16
cot 8 - tan 8

. 8
8
sin 8
sm 2' cos 2' == - 2- (17

~t-~l
..)-oJ
jA

Watt . ,(":.-:tl ul
~

: -l

: ~\..6:.. ~.;~ k.o 4.,bL.,.., J5' ,) ~1

(J -2 V"J-uI )

co
2

sin (J

t (J

-l-

- sec

+ tan 2 (J = (1 -

cos ? (J) +

s ec~ e
c sc ~

= , if) A co, 13 -

- 13)

, if) (A

c o, A , if)

13

, if) ( If') - ~O ) = ,i f) If') cO, ~O - co, If') , if) ~O

(34

-n ,

VlV3

= - 2-'-2-- - 2- ' 2

(sin (J - cos (J) 2 = 1 - 2 sin (J cos (J (35

( J -J ' ~ '-U I )
""'-.J

l..wA

: '-?'.t, L;.. ul5J w

_ ..LI I ~
. I ..\.>. J 1

s in 135 (36
cos 105 (37
sin 285 (38

1- Z
- 2

30

' ;f) T =

= 0.5

sin (-240) (40

co s (-120) (41

.4l>b i r-.rJ 1u~l-, ,oL;.)i 0..\. 10)1.) ~I ~ (28

-l~..LI I~I~) (42

( J -J V"J...LI I)

.coc 78 cos 18

+ sin 78 sin 180

:0i l.r"?
1 (J

. tan -2 = 1

.cos (J= V; ; O< (J<900015bj

ta n ~ -l~..LII~I ~)

V3 (

2-

V3 D

V3

sin

+ cos e

(43

V3 -2

~ d.,> A,; i j)U l .1-,~1 ~ o~ fi..,....:5\ ~ I (29

.
. co s 2 (J..J 0 )\;j 1w~Lh:..J 1 cr" )\5 ~

. sin 2 (J -l ~ Jl2:...:.}' sin (A

.

+ B) ~ I ~ I . u lA.J-:I
cos2(J~ Jl2:...:.}'co s (A + B)~ I~ IJ
_J

.J

1
Y = 3 cos 2(J

cos 1.. (J 0
Y = 1..
3
2

(30

. ~ .1) 1.....A...a:J 4.-:.WI--.......J1wL.;.,l1.:.. <J-'"

: . ' I ......
(31

cr"
-.r:: ~
.
. ~- ....I.1JI ~ ~ I --.......J I wL.;.,lh::..,

- 1

y = 3 cos

2(J

Y = cos 2(J 8

_ .

~~ w l.r 0-lY 0' ; UJ ~ ~}' ,-::,, ] ..<> ~~ 4tL..... (32

~ ..sJ 1 d 4.;L..J10i ~.r"J-, dIS ft / s L:.)..\A..> ~ I~!

~ . d= 2v si I~e coS e ~L~ o.rJS .j 0,}J 1

2

I,)W

I
I

~..LI I ~I '7'L.>. 0 L...L-, ~ JJ~ .lw..rl ~I (27

. ~ ~ ! .)/. ~ ~ ~ &1~ ~ ! J-" . sin 15

e + sin e (33
sin e cos e

(J - cos

I ... .

.)"0"'" V""

(g

= 32 ft/ 5 2) . e=:

45 L...l:..>- ~ 1 4.;U I0 JS;;

~ <? \ ~ ~I ~ .:>~ l cJ l C~..:l;~ ~\ "h l...~.JI J"J-' .J \...u l ~ y.;L;I..b-l <?1.bAJ1:r .Jj...<" ~I JI.ill C;W I ~I
~, o..b- ~ J I.l5 J .:> L....J I

c..i):>:r J5 u~ ,.~.lb-, ,~ I J k.;....,~ ..:.-'h L....J\ J"J TI-nspire ~W\ ~ W \ J k.;....,\ ..:l;L(..,b; .J .:> L....JI
.2" lA..:J\ .bLA.; .:> ~l

. 0 ~ x

, ~ ~ ~ I...u l

< 360 -.:..,.;IS I ~l ' sin x

j.. ~ . 1 (x) = sin x

2 (x)

= 0.4 ..h l...AJl }J ~WI ~WI ~I

= 0.4 ~ b u~ ~ J .:> I...AJI ~\;S ~i

1 :;~ I

. ~ W\ .h.:-OI ...:.-l.-::- J...uL oLk..... o.rAJ! .J"1 )

...:.-l.-::- J...ul ,\.1.;

: & W \ ~ .b...o l

x
o.rAJI

00.4

c..i .JL;WI .J )~\ W..l:.Y 2"~.Jl:b.; ~ y-..:;i 1S;.Ji ~ 'C; W I u~1 ~ .:> \.....:.;. )I ~ Jyb...U ~ji> ~ ~ Ji

. 2 :;~ ,

. .J L; W I.J ~ I L>...l:.Y 2" ~ <? I x ~ ..l.:J..:>...:l \ Intersection Of." ~ I . 0 ~ x < 3600

. x ",,156.0

. 0 ~ x

I
r1lxH nl.))1 <o.td'H'''''.,1
I

. f1 (x)

X""

< 360 ..:.-JIS 1~ 1 .tan 2 x cos X + 3 cos x

= tan 2 x cos X + 3 cos X

2 (x)

23.6 ~ J}.>J\.J~

=0

J .:> I...AJ\ }J ~WI ~WI ~I

= 0 ,~ b J-~ ~ J .:> I...AJI ~ \;S ~i

. 1:;~ 1

: &WI ~ .b...o \ ~

mI x
0

. I m x)

0
..JL..blA;;)I .Jl:JI.:u1 .Jl;L>.

. _~ ..;;,>-

tan x

0.25 cos x

= cos x; 0

= 3.4;

sin 2 x - 3 sin x

- 720

J}>- tan 2 x cos X + 3 cos x

x < 360

x < 720 (4

= 0 ; - 360 ~ x < 360

(2

(6

=0

. 2 :;~ I

J .:>L......lJ u-:l ' ~jJ

sin x
3 cos x

= 0.7; 0

+4=

sin 2 x

0.5; 0

~
~

x < 360

(1

x < 360 (3

= sin x ; 0 ~ x < 360

(5

4:.~tL~.r t u'J ~

u...r t J>

Solving Trigonometric Equations

OJ};) 1.5 J~ J"x,., AOm L>. ~ 0)";) ~ ~..,sJ ~

'J'J'11 e:L J ~ ~ ...\....A., tLA;) (.I~ ~...;~ . ~.) (.lIS

: .i.bL....J ~ ~.) t ~ }:...'1l

~..l.!IJ~I~i

. 11 = 21 - 20 cos 3r.t
tLA;) ~~...\....A.. j~ ~ 1 45.r- d,.:..r~.)

. ~ l u ~~ L.....J I J> i

rS ~

~J }'1 lo~J')~ I e:LJ'" 31 m

. ~ l u ~~ L.a....u

lal '~~l'J'
;# ~ .. _

~lu~~t......I l

trigonometric equations
~\ w U: ~ \ .J . w U: ~ \ r

~ I w'hL....J\ .:..r G,l>- ~.Y ~ J')

~I U';{JI.a.4JI

J.:o.

if ~ ...jr 'V""J..u1\ ~ -.}.J . ~ .:;..... ~\ t.".~ j~.} \ ~ ~ ~ j~ w 'l.)~ c/'

. ~ o.).b..., ~ ~ ~ j~ .} \ ~I w'l.)UI

. 0 ::; (J ::; 180 0 -:..;15 I~ ! sin (J cos

sin () cos ()

sin

~ cos

o = 0 :ibL....J1Y

-1 cos () = 0

cos () (sin ()
sin () _ .1

- 1) = 0

=0

cos ()

=0

e = .12
() = 30 .Ji 150 0

~ L5y:.i J yl>- X:-Y W . j ~ .) I ) ~ 27\ .J 0 r ad ~.Ji 36 0 0 .J 0 0 ~ ~ I ~ ,o.)l>:. ~ I w 'l .)L....J1~

.w l j-J I....;)\:;>. ~ ~

Jy-W1j , GlJjJ.J .o.)..\.;>...,j l w lj-JICJ l>

www.obeikaneducalion.com

J.JobJ IV4 ~~ "'J

.)~

.04.)1)4 (J..r\J 01.5"

l6J ~ 4J.)l.aA

I~ l c ~ (J ~ cos (J + 1 == 0 ;;.b U I j;.

cos

J.yb- .)~)' \y

= cos e

e+ 1 = 0
cos e =- 1

~Jl.:)I~4~ 1

. cos ()= -1 :i.bWI

J,w I ~ ~1
':'~L..a..S
"It ...,... "It

+ 2 k "It ;;J4sJ I

, 2 "1t- u~ w.... ~ ~w....

ciJ~' ':'''' ~ , ..!.U .:..JJ

. rr .r 271 cJl 0 Lr" (;?JI J ~ ) \ uW 1.) , -71 , -371 , -571, . .. ~..i.5 .) , 71 , 3r., 571, . .. if' J.,bJ\
.)J.Y l$i k ~ ,71 + 2.kr. J-~ I ~ J.,bJ1~ 1.:5 ~ ,~jj . 271 .r i U \ ~ 4.l 1..u o~.)..u \ Jyb

. J~ I ~ .J-'"'

.~

.0

~V4~ ~
G:- J ..u~ (}..r l:i 0\51 ~1 ' ~ e~ cos 2() + cos e + 1 = 0 4.l.)W\ ~ (2A
.0 4.)IA

!.l...\A.i. 0~ ~I .:>I JJ.) ..~ Lr" ~.)

e..rl:i 0 \5 I ~l ' ~ e~ 2 sin e = -1 4.l.)WI j;- (28

rS ~ ' ..r J..ull.l,.,. ,-! I~ J " ~ I~W" ~ cJ1C::-.;\

~.1A
~cJJ'J1 o~ ~J'J I &-y31m t..\A;.;\ ~
"=,,Wi

II = 21 - 20 cos 371t
31 = 21 - 20 cos 37\t
10 = -20 cos 371t

_1 = cos 371t
2

cos -

1
(-

: ':>~ l '
~ -"O ci ' k

41\

+ 271k

= 3r.t

i + Ik = t
9

t)
cos

= 371t

(2; ) = cos (4; )= - 1 .:>i ~

,

.)1

32 1\ + 271k = 3r.t
I +Ik= t
9

.%+ t k = t O\.)~\ .j k = 0 0 p:, L. ...l.:..Y ~ ~ t J ~ ulji 01

. ~.) %~ cJ./'i1 o ~~ I';" 310~ !.l ...\A.i. t..\A;.;\ 0i 0 l..u.) t = %, -!..LJjj
~V4~ ~

~cJ.)')'1 o~ ~)'i \ &- 0.} \';"4 1 !.l...\A.i. t..\A;) .j~ ,~10IJ') .) 4.:1~Lr" C~_..:..9)\ Lr"rS

(3

.:>')' 'ul>- 4J ~ cos () = 4 4.hWI ,JWI J:.:-- .)....9 ul>- 4J ~ 4.;LJ l o"i )L....J1A
I~.:l J.P
~'j '1).;-~ ~ 1 0'j.)WI ~0i W" . .j! .)...wI.:JI..u 4-:9 ~, -1 .) 1 ~ t3~cos ()~
.4..J.....:,')' I ;;.h W \

:~)'1':r..:b ~ I .:.r -J..s j~

, 2 sin 2 () - 3 sin () - 2
0 (a

Os; () s; 2'7l' 0 l.S' I ~j

2 sin 2 () - 3 sin () - 2
(sin () - 2)(2 sin () + 1)

=0
sin () = 2

sin () - 2

2 sin () + 1 = 0

2 sin () = - 1

~.:,...~~.;,,'.i.J.>.~~ sinll=:!

- 1 , l.:.~~.;" i~sin (J~t~,

';" ".L&l l':" ,~ ~

=0
=0

= _ I

sin ()

t...,.

= 671r ' -1I1r

6-

()

1r, 1~1r : L", 0)\.,- 4.J.:>L...oJJ 0 ~ ~.il

76

2 sin

2 sin? () - 3 sin () - 2

=0

e~1r )- 3 sin e~1r) - 2

:b 0

2 sin-' () - 3 sin () - 2
2 sin

(761r)- 3 sin (761r)- 2 :b 0

2(i) - 3(-i) -2 :bO

(i) - 3 (- i) - 2 :b 0

1+l _2:b0
2

0=0 "'"
0

0 s; () < 360 0 l.S'

0

sin ()
sin

sin! () = 1 -

CO

2 ()

! ()

1 - cos 2 ()

I~ j sin () == 1 + cos ()

= 1 + cos ()
= (1 + cos ())2

= 1 + 2 cos () + cos 2 ()

=0
() = 90

1:bl+0

1 =1 "'"

= 1 + cos ()

sin 2700 :b 1 + cos 2700

-1:bl+0

- 1

=1=

1 X

)~.:>:t- 270

cos- () + 3

0.ij

=4

sin-' () (48

=0
cos () = - 1

+ cos

cos ()
sin () = 1 + cos ()

sin 900 :b 1 + cos 900

(b

o = 2 cos () + 2 cos 2 ()
o = 2 cos () (1 + cos ())

2 cos () = 0

sin ()

1+l _2:b0

0=0 "'"

2700

sin () = 1 + cos ()
sin 1800 :b 1 + cos 1800

O:bl+(-l )

0 =0 "'"

I
I

, ~,

=0

II

()

() = 1800

I~l

~~~ f

...w.J-l.>. ".. ..bwi ~

~I

J~I':""~.J)~ ~ I

21r.jhr y> ~";....,.;JI

~~..w.J-l.>. ..,...:;.s,-, .~L.,:;

. ~~

u~Lh:..J1 J~~ ~ .sJI u l )~ 1 ~t.:5 o~L.- 1 JJW 'uL.\..,.,J1.)1ul}.-:J ~ "-bt..... J:>- ,J" ~ ~ b 1
,J" , \..i..I . ~~ Jyb*-.. c:;..r.J\5 ' ~.r.:-J I u~ 1 ~J u~ Lh:..J \ J~\ \.;~~ ..l9 J . ~ I

J1

. ~'11 u 'hWI J~~ ~yb-,J" ~I LS JJ~I

ul4:lLb:i.A J~4

~I

. u~) ..l.l~ (J ..,...~ 015' 1';1 ~

(J ~

u'J ~lMJ l J
2 sec?

~~ I <.J,L.....!I

(J -

tan 4

(J

2 sec? (J - tan?

+
2 + 2 ta n 2 (J -

2(1

tan"

tan 2 (J) -

(J - 2

(J

=0
=3
tan (J = v'3

Ji

~ <.J, la..o J> 0i ~;u

= -1

~ I ~,~ !~
. <.J , L....J I ~ .,;J ' ~

tan ? (J = -1
tan"

(J

tan 2 (J - 3

(tan 2 (J - 3)(ta n 2 (J + 1)

tan 2 (J - 3
tan 2 (J

~ 1 ':'''i~la...J 'J.>

= - 1 "-bWI Y
= -1
=0
=0

tan 2 (J + 1
tan 2 (J

=0
=- 1

:}'1 \Jyb-. ~ I 1-4J ~ y.)I

.QL. 0~0i ~)I tan 2 (J

~~~ ~

I
j

: u ~) ..l.l~ (J . ,. . ~ 015' 1';1 ' ~ (J ~ ' .j~ L...o 4bL....o JS J:>-

~~~ : + 2 sin-' (J = 0

(4. 5 w';i~ I )

sin (J cot (J - cos (J = 0 (SA

2

(58

: .j~ L...o 4bL....o JS J>

( lJ~ ) : ~ JS ~~ ~rJ l ~ (J~ .j~ L...o 4b t..... JS J>

(14

cos ? (J + 2 cos (J + 1 = 0 ; 0 :'S (J s 360

sin 2(J - cos (J = 0 (15

cos 2 (J + cos (J = 0 ; 0 :'S (J :'S 360

sin 2 2(J

+ cos-

(J

=0

tan (J = 1 (16

cos 2 (J = 8 - 15 sin (J; 0 :'S (J :'S 360

cos 2 (J = 1... 0 0 < (J < 360 0 (17

4'

= 1; 90 < (J < 270

cos (J = 0 ; 0 :'S (J :'S 271'
1 = 0; 180 < (J < 360
tan (J - sin (J = 0
4 sin 2 (J = 4 sin (J - 1

2 sin?
sin 2(J 4 sin? (J -

<i

(J

(18

(20

cos 2 (J + 4cos (J = -3 (8

. 876 ft .?\.:) I ~ I C.r. t.Li;') ~ 1"';J b..... U l>.bU (23

%85 m o \.; ~i ~ I
.J.1;
0\5 b 1(J ~ J i

<i

=1

2 cos?

(22

(1
(2

(3
0

(4

( 2 J~) : 0 \.:~ I) ~ (J "",,~0 \5 1 ';! ~ (J ~ ' .j~ L...o 4b L....o JS J>

(19

(21

sin (J + cos (J = 1 ; 0 :'S (J :'S 360

0

(J

=0

(5

+ cos (J = 1

(7

4 sin?

(6

sin ~

(J -

( 2J ~) : u ~) ..l.l~ (J "",, ~ 0\51';! ~ (J ~ .j~ L...o 4bL....o JS J>

sin 2 (J - sin (J = 0 (10 cos 2(J - sin 2 (J + 2 = 0 (9
cos (J - 2cos (J sin (J = 0 (12

2 sin 2 (J - 1

=0

(11

d r 0..w1LS..\>-1J J 4J1 uL.-L. ~ ~ 0\5 b 1 1.J \.o.UI.J J# I (13

r\.: "11~~ t ~ , d ~ 3 sin i~ t + 12 .;j~W~ ~ ~J

(3Jl:.A )

~ t;;lw 10 ~ h ~..w \ <i ) 4JI u

: .;~ w. ~\.; ' ''''''JL. 21 ~

L.-L.

~~ 0 ~ r.r: L?i <i

(a

~~ 4-:-l 0~.;11 ~I r\.:i \.. .a c.-rJI J ~I J~~ ( b

~~ 1 ? ~y~\~ uL.-L.I0}

) 4J l u L.- L.

u'h~ J.,bJ1 </ -;~~.:>~ .:>y:>:- J '-:--:-" <:r l . >=~

(34

. ~I

'~0JG- 4J ~ ..bL.....);- 'iL:.. ~I I ~.,.:w.. 4tL.....

.0
J.,bJ1 cscx ==

(35

B ::s; 360 0.,s::; ~

0

v'2, cot 2x + 1 == 2~.:>~ J..'> . ~

-*~ ,y == 3 sin [i

:oJ!: k. uK! ~...u l

~;

cos

sin

(40

~1\

( 3-3 V".;-u I)
0

sin (90

0
-

(36

.... I .JS:.."J

' ~I

~i..JlctJ.).)~~~iL..

(a

~~~i..);-~-.::.jJl?i.)

(b

: 0 ~.:> 1) ~ () .....,...~ 0lS \.;j , ~ () ~ 'oJ!: k. .iJ.:>L... JS' J>

I~."I

(cos B)(sin 2B) - 2 sin B + 2 == 0 (25

cos 165 (37

(38

(24

2 s in? B +

: ~ lb.:... ~ oJ!: k. .iJ.:>L... JS' .ji ~I

(v'2 -

1) sin B ==

V;

(26

== - sin B (42

sin(270 - B) == - cos B (41

2 sin B == sin 2B (27

B) == cos B (44

cos (90 - B) == sin B (43

:u G:- J...u ~ () . . .,. . ~ 0lS I ~! ' ~ () ~ ,~)rl ~.:> L-JI ul>

+ B)

cos (90

sin 22i

(39

'J~i

..);- J..G 0 'x == 0 , 1,2 , ... , 24 ~ , i~~I..l>-i J)l,:..

~ o..l>- I}I ~U,..);- J..G 13 'J;.U' ~ ..,~ .i;L:.J1 ~U I

. ~G:-! J.r. ~ J..l\II L)I.) ~

( 3- 4 V".; -u I)

(X- 4)] + 8 : .iJ I ...u l u~

</ CJ JL." ~i I~l

'V

tlA;)..);-i 0~

Cl.:Jli ,:"wi

~I ~ y-JI v J 'J~'J' I

UL; 9 J 'CJJL.dJ ~I~ 'J'I

l?JL;J ~..J \II ~~W I

. 9.8m / sec

...JL..S:;'J' I ~J lj.....,...L; r J'.byi..J1

.I .~.JJ J L..S:; ~ 1 J-o L...J , 2.42.....,...WJ JL..S:;~I J-oL... 0l51 ~! (a

W ,35 yo .....,...wi ft'->"..);- .rAJ1 .by4.... ~ylj .....,...L;y , 1

v 2 sin 2
2g

()

tan ~ () 0i ~i

(a

~ ..,......J ' 80 ~JI~ u.o..J\II c:L cr" CJ..JL.aJ1~i I~J

(b

2g

B (28

== n 2sin r(snelJ's law)~0";l9~ "",wi

".rAJI .c... C~ l?jj l .h..... } I.) ..,...a.u ..JL..S:;~I J-oL... n ~

~J l j.....,...L; i J".rAJ 1~ ,}>-..l.; l?jjl .h.....y1J ..JL;'J'IuL..L... 11 J

~ljB ~,h==

v sin

V3 == V3sin B + cos

2
3

1 - sin 2 B - cos B == 4" (29

'u.o }11 c:L

~ L~ "..) j ~

~ lb.:... u~

sin 2B +

(45

() ==

2gsec()

...)LJ-.a.; tlA;) ~i ~ Jl; ,1l0m/s u,)..Li. ~I~I

, n ) sin i

(30

~ JL..S:;'J'I ~J'j.....,...L;

~~ 0";l9 J~I u1~~I ~~ ~ U-:;5 <:""':'1 (b

.'J') 9;J l\ '>L.::.Wi u, 015 \.;j-'; ~

( 3-2 V"';-u I)
1 - I (46
. 'U-. I LJ-~I ~
v K.:JI c1r..,f
hex) .iJ1...u1 J~.:>..b...:.l ~ ..JJ~I

(~ L.. ;;)t.;...) .u,I...l.o J

.iJ.:>L-J1..J:..lJ)l.., </ JS' -.:..J..,. ~ I ~ I (31

..:....;l5 ~ tS i .oo::s; B::S;360 ,2 si n Bcos B == sin B

'~~JJ~ ~~ ~~j

2 , in () co, () == ,in ()

2 co, () ==

~ sin B + cos B tan B == 0 .iJ.:>~ ~ ~ <i~ L....l?i

2

31\ 0
4

2 "IT 8

71\ (
4

51\
2

(47

2 ,in ()co, () _ ,in ()

,in ()
- , in ()
2 co, () == 1

co, () ==

Z1

() == 1;,0 0
1 300 0

~O O < x < 3600~, cscx == -- 2V3

3- O.J
-t .:> I~'Icr:
i.:.L.. (48

0
0
210 ,.,i 330 (

co, () ==

2 ,in ()co, () == ,in ()

oJ...G a ::5 x ::5 2"IT,

sin 2 x < sin x ~ ~ I J>-

.J.>.:i

(32

.~ W I J ~ I

300) 1500

60) 1200

u 'J'.:>L-J1LJl> c.J.:-1 U )\.:>- 'J'I".::-.;IJ ~I ".::-.;I.:>.:c.. .....:;s'l (33

L..J ~ ~~ I J.,kJ1 L.. . 0.rJI J ~ I u 'J'.:> L-J IJ '~I
~w~I J.,bJI.:>~ L.. J ~~I J.,kJ1

( 128 ...,.. ) -....o.,.lli:WJ 1

~..hJ I':'~~
~\:W,j ,

( 128 ...,.. )

J'-,.J.l'-, 4.,,;1' J '-,.J.lI':'~~

( 128 ...,..)

~I-....o.,.lli:WJ '

( 128 ...,.. )

~1':'~lli:WJ 1

( 128 ...,.. )

~,""""'I

(128 ...,..)
( 128 ...,.. )

..,.~I ':' ~~

"~ 'J '-,..u I~~~ t~ lu~u.:.::....J I~

U'j41I~~~'':'~u.:.::....J'J~ I~

U"J.,.c .:,~~

. ~I':'":J,'---lIJ>-,

,~1

-. I

1!U1~

J-4A~

:.;4w. .J l:>- jSJ ~WI .~ rW1-.,..;S1

~ ~IJ ~..Jtj t~ 1W1 ~l4;l~1

(3-3 "",.)~I)

:A , B ~ ~

i ~ ~J\ ~ ~ ~! ci
J ~ I ~ (1
. 15 J 90 c:..2 J I) \,y J5 i ~ ~ J ~ ~ b! 75 ~ JI)I

cos (A

B ) = cos A cos B + sin A si n B

co t () = cos () .....,\.k.J I (2

sin ( A

B) = s in A cos B cos A s in B

~ JL:-,

</'

sin ()

rill ~ ~ J\J'; ~ L?~ .i.b L.... d'

J ~~

(3

. ~? .i.bW\

ci ...j)o uls- ~ c;J\ ~

sin 60 ~~! <...i -

J ~I ~

~J ~ljJl

u.a...:..r ~l ~l4;l~1
( 3- 4 "",.)~I)

(4

: ~-,Ij.l ' ~ ~ lu~u.:.::....J 1

s in

. 30 0 ~\)\

cos

2(J

2(J

= 2 sin (J cos (J

= cos ? () -

s in 2

()

= 1 - 2 sin 2

()

'u\~~r-Jl~-----':>~ (5

cos

2(J

cos 2() = 2 cos ' () - 1

tan 2()

~ .:> 'i L:-, esc () = _._1_ , sec () = _1_ .:>l::.Q.,\.k.J1 (7

S In ()
cos ()
.

2 tan ()
1- tan 2 ()

: ~-, lj.l l ~ ~ , u ~ u.:.::....J 1

sin !!. = +, II

,y J5 ~ ~! ci
J ~\ ~ (8
c:..2 JI)1 ,y J 5 i~ ~ J ' ~ ~ b! sin 120 cos 120
. 90,30

cos ()
2

cos!!. = +
2

tan!!' = +
2 -

VI + cos ()
2

1 - cos (J
1 + cos (), cos () j - 1

IJ~

. 0

< e < 90 , cos

<J"J_ "'-'7
. LW
' - Lb:..o

: ~)'1 ~I ~ 10'" jSJ ~..ul

0 = 0 Ls' 1';1sin 0 ~.;i

cos ' () + sin ? ()

:=:

I ~.; 1

V; 015 b) , sin () (10

t e: V; 015 I';) , sec o (1 1

270 < () < 360\cos () =

1
0

o< 180
0 < o < 90\cot o-: 2 015 b) , tan o (12
0,co

90 <

sin

:=:

1-

:=:

(ft

180 < () < 270\sin () =

0

si n 2

-~

0 15 b] 'cos () (13

4-

0 15 bl, .csc () (14

270 < () < 360 .co t () :=: -

_-.2...

16

:wi..l..QJlo-,S ~I~ , ~ ..u :;~ (15

.() ~.JI) I ~ ~ ) oL.:li ~I .j L.S 75 rn, 110m

75 m

. cos 0 sec 0 cot O.J~I ~

cos

osec oco t o= cos o( co~ B)(~~ :)

= co t ()

: ~~L....J~JS ~
1 - ta n ()sin ()cos () (1 6
tan ()csc () (17
sin () + cos ()cot () (18
cos () (1 + tan ? ()) (19

,;
l- A; . \
. ~ u-=-~ '-!' '"!.

."

. ~\.h.:..
I' A~
.
~

+1

COS.()
Sin ()

= cot () + esc () ;;..b~1 wi ..;....;1

.

tan

cos e + 1
si n ()
~L. = cos
-

..

\..4.4

;;. ,bw

S1l1 ()

sec 2

3~

1<' \

..

'I

,j-> <J '-:"

ecos e + cot 0 sin e = sin e + cos e (20

cos + sin = sin
cot e
tan ()

e + _._1_

S in ()

e- 1 =

e + cos e (21
1

. 2 ()
Sin
- sin 2 ()

(22

.;;"UI)1 ~\j )) ~ \ ~\ 14......1.i..2> (23

.)1 If" ~ o~1 .JI}oi ~\

tan 2

e + 1 = sec 2 ()

---------------'-- --------------------"

:'-!'A
t... w jSJ w..ul
. .~
. .l ~
, .J1
. sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B ~ ~I ~ I
sin 75

= sin (30 + 45)

= sin 30 cos 45 + cos 30 sin 45

cos 15 (25

cos (-135) (24

sin 105 (27

sin 210 (26

cos 105 (29

tan 75 (28

sin (0

- ------

--.-J'-

sin

+ 90) = cos e

(30

(3; - e) = -cos e (31

tan

() -

rr)

= tan ()

(32

Jli..A
. sin

2(J ,

cos

si n

2 (J,

I' I..J
cos

:0"" wlSJ ~..u l ~I ~ Ji

:1)i ~I~!
.

Sin

cos

"2(J -_ +
-

1 - cos (J
2

8=_ 2

.5

2 '~

sm

"2 = -

5- u ~ ',-?,<:..J

YO

.\:

" ' '\

si n 8 = -

' 1'
C> r.I ~ u ~
JI ' -- 8

'-,----------------

. 0 ~ (J < 271 0lS' I~ ! ' sin 2(J - cos (J

=0

4.,J...>:"1 :'hL...J1

sin 28 - cos 8

= 0

"=j l..iJ '~ ~ll.>:.A

2 sin 8 cos 8 - cos 8

= 0

~w

cos 8 (2 sin 8 - 1)

=0
8 = ~ Ji 3-rr
2
2

cos 8

270 (34

2 '.-rr
cos 8 = - "3
2" < 8 < 71 (35
.90 ft .w...o J):> (:!/'

~ Jy 0

":J-C~

(36

I .~l ~I JI}:>I J~~ sin 45 ~l ~I (b

~1 u (c
- -. s !l.. = -y
I
.
4-::=5 ~ I
l siIn

4:>.....,o0W>f," .

+ . /l -cos
2 (J

(b)t)JI.j

J'--

( 149 - 153 u~t)

.14 ; 180 < 8 <

. ~ I .,.w J }o ~."i (a

= +,!i
- Vs = +- 2V5
5
(J

5'

I
I

=+- ,{f
y+
'

cos 8 = i . 0 < 8 < 90 (33

Jli..A

:i..bUI J>

~l

sin 8

=.12

8 =~."i S-rr
6
6

u'J J la..!t J.>

2 cos () - 1 = 0 ; 0 ::5 () < 360 (37

4 cos? 8 - 1

=0

.;-11

:4:-.0 wlS' ~~ ~rJl ~ (J ~ '.;4 L,.. :i..bL.... wlS' wI.>

=0

2 sin 8 - 1

1 - \

sin 28

= 0 ; 0 ::5 8 < 271

+ cos 8 = 0;

0 :5 8 < 360 (39

sin ' 8 = 2 sin () + 3 ; 0 ::5

4 cos-

e-

4 cos ()

(38

e < 360

+ 1 = 0; 0 ::5 () <

(40

271 (41

~.J "...A; uL.1.r"'i I.f-! .:r-.ill .:>i ~.Jj-J\ ~ e:::-;' I ~Ju (14
~, t')l;:,,/ I ~lk. -.:.-L ~ ~ ~1) \ \~ .:>i I}J\;.
~ Iy' i.r'" . \.:: ~ Zi cr")\ . u~\ ( f ~ tyi.)! ~ J,,-:?
.18 ft ....J..;, J.,k , t.JL?"'~ I0-?lk. ~ ~ ~

c)L<:;~.fY l u l.J~ \(fL? i I .) ~ UA J ~ I (1

~ sin

+ cos

8 co t 8

sec 8 (

co t 8 A

csc 8 0

tan

oB

: ~\.6.:.. ~ ~)i l ~~U I o- JS .:>1 4 1

= sin (60 + 8 )
. cos (8 - 1\) = - cos ()

. cos (30 - 8 )

~..u\ ~ I

':>15 b) , sin 8 J

L.

.sin 60 ~ I ~

(4

~ A

4 (

J.,k), sin 2() = 2 sin () cos ()~\ ~\ (b

~) ~ , si n 2(30) = sin 60 .:>i ~ ~\A;).J ~ \

(3

I.)~ (jA J~I

, ~ 90 < () < 180 , cos () = -

(2

fi B

4 0
5

~..u l ~ \

: ..;~ ko ~ 4JY..lIl ~\ ~ Ji
: ..;~ ko ~ 4JY..u1
sin 480 {16

I ~ Ji

cos (- 225) (15

sin 165 (18

cos 75 (17

270 < 8 < 360 , se c () = 1 ':>15 I~l ' cot () (5

= - i .:>15 I ~! ' tan ()

180 < 8 < 270 . csc 8 = -2l.>151,)1' sec 8
0 < 8 < 90 , sin 8 = i l.>15 \ ~l ' sec 8
90 < 8 < 180 , cos 8

=0

(19

2 sin 3() - 1

=0

(20

(J

sin () (cot () + tan 8)

cos2 ()
1 - sin ()

.s 360 ~ , ~)il ~~U\ ~

159

J.. ~.lI J~ 1

3J--i!1

sin 8

=0

= sec

() (9

cos ()
sec () - tan () (10

= csc 2 8 se c 2 8

+ sec ()
sec ()

cos 2() + cos () = 2 (21

sin ()cos (J -

(8

(tan 8 + co t 8) 2

:0 ~

(7

:.:u.,.\.6.:.. U-cj
I~
t. ko 4.b \..... If1< l.>i...:. . J

: .:>~ ~ 1)4 (J ..,...y .:>151~! ' ~ (J ~ ~)il ~~Ul ( f JS ~

2 cos 2 () - 3 cos () - 2

(6

sin 2 ()

(11
(12

1 - cos ()

(22

I-V2 (

'h - v:3

V2 -1

1,J;~ 1! 4:0L!\
. ,
.:.:i,ls....J 1 J> ..:.....),
. 'J =,~

_~ ~

.~I

t~I':':i,u.,,.,J I.J.JJ I.J

'

J..bi

, lli ~ 1

, ~ W l t~ l.J

~I.J ,;;..L.llj.l l t~l.J

.~4;
t~I':',:iu.- ~'I
,,.,J '.J.JJ I.J

, lli ~ 1

, ~ W l t~ l.J

.;;..L.l lj.l l t~ l.J

t~' tl~ j,-,> i

J ~ ~ ~~I
.~:i,u.

AS.

~ Jjt....... .J,.i
.':'l3.J.:.A..,.1 1

t~ 1 .~~
J~:i IWL:.~~1

.~ ~I ':' :i ~ ~

,.,J1.J.JJI.:.:i,u.ASy

~ ;!

.:. I)I....... ~.J ~

)W~ I.J "4\~1 ~ I

'u"'} J I J.Y" ~~I

~~~I~lwiW
t~ I~~':'IJt.......

~':'W~I~'I ,~W I

~1~~-,>i"~ I~
~ 1~-",,~t.:..A..L.l lj.ll
. ~ :i L2.)~ ~~

l ~ l- :; ..

t>i

t~ 1 J.Y" ~~

4.;

4m..,..:;s1

.:.:i,ls....J 1.J

~~ I

4.;4.;.:;~ ,~~ 1
. ~ I I :.u. ~ ~

':"~I0-"

..ISl:aJ \J~~ clL.:..2.

~t...l.a:4...u":i1 ~
.~~I

:(transformations)

~~I u~~1

-.

1 ~...LJ1

. ( ,..~ I) ~yl A.ll...ul ~"":'):i ~\ ':"I~I ~

(tangent line) ..,.,t.-!I

~~o~~,j~I~!~~L..A~I\J..:
.V"~I

(pythagorean identities )

. ~
..,.,~

- uw. L.b:'.A

f(x)

= x 2 + 2x + 6

(2

f(X)

= x2 -

+ sin 2 () = 1
tan 2 () + 1 = sec 2 ()
cot 2 () + 1 = csc 2 ()

f(x)

= 2x 2 -

(4

f (x)

= 2x 2 + 4x

f(x)

= 4x 2 + 8x

(6

f (x)

= 3x 2 -

cos 2

~I , ax

()

(comp leting the square ) &~l JL.S"!

bx ;;.)~I ~ ~~ ;;.)~ \ii ~ t:'~1 JW'?'

12x

+3

- 1

(1

- 8

(3

12x - 4 (5

:<J1..u," "':- ~IJ..uI :r x ct.:.;! ~ ~ J.-.., I J~i (7

,.;; W \ -lr--':r)\5 ~) . (x ) = 0.Olx 2 - 0.5x + 550
.<J 1..u10-41 crt)l) Y

: 4.,,;~ 1 ~.rJ1 JI..1..uI :r JS' ~ ~ ..11

: ~ \:;J l ':" l~ l

.b~ ~ x J.4 k.A ~ ~,j i (l

2x - 12

f(x) = 2x 2

+ 6x -

9 (9

f(x) = 2x 2

5x

+3

(8

. (1) ;;~ I ~ ~.:H.~ I~.) (2

~y.bl,j ax 2

+ b ;;.)4sJI..,.J! (2) ;;~I ~ ~I.:.JI ~l (3

.~

f(x)
f (x)

= 3x 2 = 4x 2 -

8x - 3 (11

f (x)

= 3x 2 + 2x + 1

00

+ 11 03

f (x)

= 4x 2 -

02

2x

3x - 7

(axis of symmetry) .,pL4011 JF'A

.~I,ji~I<I.J.j>J=>~~
2

hex) = x - ~4 05
x +::>
x+3
g(x ) = (x _ l )(x + 5) (17
f( x) =

2x 2 - 13x + 6 (19
x -4

f (x)= x-2 (14

x+4
x(x - 1)
f (x) = (x + 2)(x - 3) 06
hex) =

2x2 - 5x - 12 (18
x 2 + 4x

.)1 ~ x ~ D (x) 0'1jJ l,~ ~ J.-.., ' 4:J-! ':'ul~ (20

. D (x) = 12x + 50 <J1..uL .., \1...:-[;1.. .. 1\............. . .. ..
0.02x + 4
. r.
.r.--'"' ..
...; ~
.~\ ci ~ 0i J.-.., .)\ 0'1jJl 0-41.)~ ~.).:i.,..

www,obeikaneducation,com

c! rl\Js- ~L..;! 4

4.l.:....,i

~~tt~t
Parabolas
~JI,'~~
r J ,.L.a..JIJ.YJ" o..\..>L..J

\.-~ )I ~ '-;-' ~ ~.l;- .WJI ~ I

J'-r'~" J u ~..s
\
J=
,~

~~ I JI.J ..1l1 u...J~

. . ~ ~.J ~.J

t:: ' t}K. c::6 J--C ~ 0~ ( ~ )1 .r ~) '.tL oj./" J) '-;-'~

lJ 4Y"IW

.oJ.r.JI ..w. 9.T-~ ;J\

t~ u:i~~ ~'I

..~ ~i.J ,lli lS...o

t~u:i~~~ i
.lli lS...o

~1,'~~~ I)
~~I~I

conic section
t.r' ~ I J.>...o.l'

locus

1(/

~lMJ'~ 1

parabola

--0J

;;J~I

focus
~W I~ I

~..1l1

directrix

J"""""

+ Bxy + cl + D x + Ey + F = a</' 6..:bJ r l t;hiJ1 ,:..:)I"U .... WI oJ.raJl

<..!" J J" ci ~~..G; ~J 'c.f J~ c::6 J5 ;J"U 1~ ..L:>..> ;51 oJ.YJ" ~ YJ .1.J L..i...oI ~ -:......J "I..t>-I

axisofsymmetry

.J-aAlI I..L..

oi.;l l

A , B, C ~ , A x 2

J:tl.4J 1

vertex

~~ ~ L:>- ~ ~\ .J:,WI ~~ r ~..l:..fJ1 J'-JI

.J:, W I ~ ~ ~.l:+l1 ~\

L:...)L. oJ~1 ~ ~L; .i..h.a.;.y ~ J5 ~ 0 ~ ~\ ;;".f--~\

. ~..u l ~ \)...vo ~ .y ~ ..u..;J ~b

J W IJ J:.l..ul ~ (p yo-J\ ~I

t$J~I';;~l

V~1 ~I .~

latus rectu m
www.obeika neducatio n.com

J r: yL...:. t}L~ 1 ~IJ

e:.bLQ.;.i..h.a.;";""":'J Y W IJ y - ~I I.i.=> ~J , oJ.r.JL

x

~I ~I ~J ....,...1)\ yWI J~

c3:J

c: t}ts:....JI ~\

'I.,? J ~I ;}~ yW I J~ ~ ;;.,,,yo-JI J 0J.r.J ~ 0J W I

tJ ts:....J1 ~ I ~ t,? J.r.JI; } 1u.,.1

~i J l b- y.A.. bK. ~ lA>L>..:... ~ ifllJ II

L...w. t}ts:....JI

=1=

a ~ ,j (x)

= IlX 2 + bx + c ~.rJ 1 4..1 l..u 1~L -:.....- J "

FU .... W I ;J"UI ,,~y ' ~~ J--S t}ts:....J1~I~..,...w Jt.-..:.... I ~J .J.i...i J l JI

.J L)I) ~I

J l ) ' J.i...i Jl ) ~i J ! ~ y.A.. 0 ~

.J i ~ :u ~1'1.4.U 1
J., l.>;J I

.,r ~ ~ I J., l.>;J I

."-'=> \S~ I .,.Jl~ .,.:;J 1

,-?iJIJ ' .J J~\ ~I ci t.s t}K.J1F 1Jv d.1A.; P(x , y) .:.>i J'pi
ifi)1 L.r:: ~I r FV = P ~ ,F(h+p, k) '-;.Jj:J V(h, k) .;....i.J
F

Jv d.1A.; ,-?i L.r:: ~I':'> k-i t}K.J1 FI~.;N Jv ~ ~J ,o.J.t:lIJ

= P ':'> l5 I~) liJ ,j)..u\ of 4.hAJ1o~ ~ '-?J~ .:.>i ~ o.J.t:lIJ

, VT = P .:.> ~
Jv w lJ M ;)i ~J ' PF = PM .ji t}K.J\ F \ ~.;N if ~
~L.JI ~ J ~I ~..J ' (II - p, y) w M ..,J1..l.: .:.> k-i ,j)..ul
FV

1 .i.bL....o .)~ ':.J ~

,t}K.J1 F

L.r::

PF= PM

~~m......r

V[ x - (II + p)] 2+ (y - k)2 = V[x - (II - p)f

':',;li

~~1 ~~
....

[x _ (II

I~~I~

.....lj3 ':iI...!.l.A.:o

2 - 2x(h + p)

2 - 2xh - 2xp + 11 2

+ (y _

y) 2

+ p)]2 + (y _ k)2 = [x _ (II _ p)] 2 + 02

+ (12 + p)2 + (y

- k)2 =

+ 211p + p2 + (y -

X2 -

= X2 -

k)2

2x(1I _ p)
2xh

+ (II _

+ 2xp + 11 2 _

~4

(y - k)2 = 4xp - 4hp

~4

(y - k)2 = 4p(x - h)

p)2
211p

+ p2

~'~~ ~~ I

.;j.)L....o ':'>k-i uL:...J ~J ' (y - k)2 = 4p(x - h) </' ().-JI ')) -" ~ \.) )) C-'":A... .I1 t}K.Jl F

I.;j.)L....o .jl ,-?l

, (x - IIf = 4p(y - k) :</' (~i .)) Ji Jvl .))) ~i.J C~ I c}K.J1F 1

cP\~\....a;.:.h , k, P -.:...:\.fl\~ .).:b.;J ' p =f- 0 ~ ,ciK.J1 t;hAJ.I .:.>I.:.;--L;J1':'> L:..b~ 1 w

,"-", ~IJ F

.:.>L:;l.o>J

o- J ..\JII.:....~ J.:.>.~
~lMJ l~ I.:.~ .:, i

~i~ D ?-iJ ....~

~ ! ~ i-,i , (JA-i ~ !-,i
'JL..:J IJi~1

1ifl.J ul;\..l.: ut.. ciK.J\

(;sLs:..JI~'~ ~

(x - h)2

p<O
~i
..

p>O
.'

= 4p(y -

k) ,~~I ;;~I ~ 41~La..11

p<O

p>O

~i
.'
. .)t.,...,...

'- '.ott

,,,~":I{ l

(h, k )

,,,,,ijSl

+p)

.;;~I

' - '.ott
t.,...,...~

. ,, ~ ":I{ I

(h, k)

""ijSl

+ p, k )

. ;;~ I

y =k

~ I.4:iJ I JP'A 41 ~ W

x= h

x =h -p

.J:lo.1! l 41~w

y =k -p

. J:lo.1! l 41~w

14PI

, ,:?~I >i.Jl 1 J~

14pI

. ~~I>i.Jl1 J~

(h

th, k

~ I.4:iJ I JP'A 41~ W

WLu,,~
I. ": ~-:
. "'\5:.411 C-
.t..:1t1 ~ ~..u~
~ _.
~j\:r"
~

' ~.\;.;..:..

j. ~ ,(y + 5)2 = -

12(x - 2) t}\4J1~ I ~L.a>-.).:i..->

.:.:~ 4p = - 1 2 ':': 1 ~) . C~ ~ I ':': I ~ \..i.: , y .r ~?\ :i..><.II) ,~~\ 4" .JJ....o <-i ';_b~\
h = 2 , k':':~ UJ : (y - k)2 = 4p(x 11 ) 0.J.r' ~ ~ .)~I,:,:I~) .) ....)1.)1C~ J~ l.il : p = -3
1~L..a>- ~..l.:>.:Jh , k, P ~ ~ I . = 5
.c)LQ\

.\ =" - p

x=5

y=k

y =-5 :Y WI.J~

:J).il\

(I" ,,)
(II

+ 1', k)

(2, - 5)

:ifl)1

(-1, -5)

:c.J },JI

12 :<.? .J},J\ ;)1 J yb

14,'1

~ ~I) '<.?.J},JI; )1) 'J).ill) ,yWI .J ~) C.J},JI) if\)1 ~

ifl)~.r-'- ~ r .;l ~ ,c)LQ\ F 1~ .) k. ~ .;1\ <..5? ~1 .bW I
.J ~ J ~ ';~ L.:;.., ~\ .:.: y<-:"':':\ ~ .<.?.J},JI ;)\ 0~ \ ~\." ~)
.y W I

I
~;r~ ~
2(x+6)= (y+l )2 (l B

8(y

+ 3) = (x

- 4)2 (l A

I
J

~ P ~ .If" 0'" ~ r .:.:~ ~ lilb

~~) FI .JY. J r'... Ja> ~ ~ ~I ~i ~ ; ~
uLw t}l>-o

~<J.i '.J l:.. \t ~ x, y~ ,x 2 = 3 . 04 y .i.J .) ~~ .I~ ~rJ l ~1

~ ~ I Ii.",

x.r ~?I .w 1 ,:,:1 ~) .c)l5:-J1F 1c.JY. ~

Jr

l ~I

l ~\ &

. (h, k + p )~o .J },JI ~) ~'~ \ ')1 C~ F I ~':':~

--e rv
.:.:i~) ,jw:> h, k:r J5 ~;)i i.s ,~~I o.J raJl ~ ~p:.. .;.\.) ~\
. (0, 0.76)) (0,0 + 0.76) ~ o .J~ 1 ~ \.il . P = O.76':':~ 4p = 3.04
. (0, 0.76).r ~ rJI ~\ ~ <.?.ill c)l5:-J\
.c)K-J1

F\ 0.Jy. er

1ifi.J J~.? 0.76 ~L. ~ &-

~ ~ ly> ~ ~ L,a#'~,J
'L,>~ I..."J~ , lli lS:A t~ ~
~ Ir-l '

':': \ L..;

l ~\.:.:~

~OA~ ~
I

I
J

~ .)~ I ~;..l;N ..G -:t;\ w ,~~I o.J J....aJL o,.:.\.)k. ~1:5 .)1~ ~\ c.b..J c)15:.oJ\ ~\ ~L..a>- ~..l.:>.:J
. ~ \P \ o .J raJ ~ ~.)~\ ~l:5J

J.......:J ;! . ~I ~lkJ l':""

.r-l ~L,'I J ~ .r: .::.:.; ~ ~

t~ I .:.u, J).;>..w,

c: rJ\J w 1ul,;;.., ~ ~4.J 0 1 ).~. 0 ~WI ~ <-i ~ J.l3 '4-h:-:J

' c)l4Jl

~I ~L.a.>- ,)..l.> ~ ' c)l4Jl ~ ~~1 0).,...aJ1J..>- Y = -

+ 3x + 6 4.b ~ 1 ~I

.~ . l:.>.;.. j.s

-i +
= -i
Y = -i(x
= -i

'.,.1..,;:"1 jJ.L....oJ 1

Y=

X2

(x

t':'.......Il J W \-:o

- !(-36) = 9

(x

3x

+6
+6

12x)

12x

+ 36 -

12x

+ 36) + 9 + 6

36)

+6

Y = _.l (x - 6) 2 + 15
4

~IL..!I~ :""'l.:-i! '';J,.....r1

c)L~ 1

- 401 -

15)

= (x - 6f

~~1 oj .,...aJ1~I ' Ji...-i ~! c.~ ~ I L.>[j cp = -

1.J

x.r ~.rJ I..w1 L.>1k:

. ~ L.v:- ,)~

y = k - p

Y = 16

x= 1t

x=6

:j;J..ll1

(It, k l

: YW l j~

(I" k

+ 1')

:V" I) 1

(6,14)

:oj .J.:.l1

141' 1

.blAJl ~

(6, 15)

: ~ ).J.:.l I ;} 1

J.,b

~ I .J '~ j.J.:.l1 ; } I.J ,j;J..llI.J u~WI j~.J 0j .J.:.ll.J V" I) I ~

I ~\.. ~.J V" 1)~ ",""",- ~ r.;l ~ ,c) l5:..J1F

1.:;j,)L.... ~ .}I 0?~\

' u~WI j~ Jj>" ) I,.;k;.. ~ I L.> ~ L.>I ~ . ~j .J.:.ll ;}1 0 ~

~'->A~ ~
3y 2

+ 6y + 15 = 12x

(38

4y

+ 3 =7

(3A

A..AI~ ~ ~~ ~~ , ~ I 4J~L- ~US

:~ . l:.>.;.. j.. ~ '''';4 k. JS J o~1 ~l.,.o>J l ~ ~jj l c)l4Jl ~I "bL.... ~I

. (1, - 4) V"i)l j (3, - 4 ) oj J:.li (a

~ L.>~ l.il , (h + P, k) ...j" oj .J.:.l1. ~i c.~ ~I L.>~

-J I..l.>)I ~ L.> 15-r-- V" 1)1.Joj .J.:.l1L.>\ ~

. ~ I ~! c.~ ~ I ':> ~ ~Y P L.> I ~.J ' 3 - 1 = 2...j" p

. hi P, k r-:i JL.....::.... ~ ~L;J I oj.,...aJ1J..>- c)l5:..J1 F1 ';'.b L.... 0
i.::-~ I'J~1
J' =2,1t= l,k= -4

~4
. (y

+ 4) 2 = 8(x

01 -

k)2 = 4p (x - 11)

[y - (- 4) j2 = 4(Z)(x - 1)

01 + 4f = 8(x -

1)

- 1) if ';'.b~ ~ L;J I oj .,...aJ1L.> \ L?\

r-".;I ~ '~ j.J.:.lI; }I.J y W I j~.J o).J.:.lI.) V" I)I ~~

j.

.:>~.:>\ ~ .<.,?) }JI ; ) \ c?~ I ~\..~ ) ,-,"1)~ F-! ..f>W'

.-y w i j~ Jj>" * k;.. ~ I

...,.. i,y.J'-'.I~I I;' ! . ~ "'"

,x

"':>' -'> ;>' 4~ .J~'J

~ l4J I ~ I ~ w~

crl!J i ~icrl ! ld-y..i.o wA!

...,..i,y.JI-'.l~I I;'! L. 'I .J..'-i
w~

Y .,,:>1-'> ;>'1~ ;;J~ IJ

crl! ld-y..i.o wA! ~ 1
.JI...."J I crl!J i ~I

= 1 j:JJ..lIJ (-2, 4) ..,....1)1

(b

cP- ~\ 0 ~ ..,....1)\ ~ ~ j:JJ..l\ 01 ~J . ~I..> cP- ~1 0~ ~I ~ uL;J..l.J10} ~

. ~I J!

. p ~ j:JJ..l\ .i. bL....

~l,J-'-"

~\

Y =k - P

AJ.laA

J.=1.11 1
. ~ "i v-SlaA ~-'-".~ l

1= 4 - p

y=J ,k=4

. ~..,.J.>J ' ......4:~

- 3

. - I _~ ~ ~ ' ~ """"""

. ~ lS:...J I FJ' ~

=- p

3= p

.<) l4.\1~ 1 6J .>~ ~~ I o..>raJ1.) h , k , P ~ ...,;,~

(x _ 11 )2 = 4p(y - k )

"""'~ I ' );-<>J '

[ X - (- 2)j 2 = 4(3)( y - 4)

11= -2 ,1."=4,]1=3

~~
.) W

.jLJ\ ~\J ,14pi

( x+2 )2= 12(y -4 )

= 14 x 31= 12 L?JL.; L?..>;JI ;}1 J y1

'''>J ~ \ ~ \

. (2 , 5) ~ ~ /",- J Jl.....zlI

J !c~ ~ \J (2, 1) oJ;J1

(c

..,.... 1) 1 0 ~ (h, k) ...r'1 )IJ (2, 1) = (h + p, k) c./" oJ;JI J 'Jl.....zl 1J ! cP- ~1 01 ~

.p ~ (2, 5) .i.bAJIJ <) L~ I ~ 1 6J .>~ ~L,.il l oJraJl ~ l liJ ~ (2 - v. 1)
;,.,....~ l j ),..,.."
Ir

= 2 -1'. k = 1, .r =

2,!I

=5

(y (5 -

kf = 4p (x 1)2 = 4 P [2 -

h)
(2 - p)]

16 = 4 p ( p)

~~

~~

4 = p2

~~ l ~ ~P ' )~I :.>L

=p

0~ liJ ~ ~ L... 0 ~ 01 ~ p ~ 0~ 'J l.....zl 1J ! CP- ~ I 01 ~

.(4, 1) r ...r'1)IJ . P = -2

(y _1 ) 2 = - 8(x - 4)

.) lS .jLJ I ~ \J '

14pl = 14 x

(-

2)1= 8 L?JL.; L? ..>;JI ;

)\ J y1

' JJ ~ I ~ I

~l.>A~ ~
(-6, - 1) ...r'1 )IJ (-6,2) oJ;J I (4A

x
. (5, - 10) .i.bAJ ~ r..J

= 12 j:J..l.JIJ

(9, - 2) ...r'1 )\ (48

,J.a....i J ! cP- ~ IJ ' (-3, - 4) oJ;J1 ( 4 (

. (8, - 7) .i.bAJ~ J~J , ~I J ! C~ ~ IJ ' (- 1, 5) oJ;J1 ( 40

~ '1 cr J.l:...-J , ~ 4.6; l?1..w:- <) l4.\\ ~\ ~ ..,.... k.> r ..> ~

6J .>L.... .>~! ~J .J..PLdI J L...:....~ ~I ...r'k.> .iLL.... ~..J..>..; ~
.J..PLdI J L...:....10J'> <)l4.\1~ ...r'UI

~1S:..r 1~1~~L..A
J..;1.b:i.A ~ t~ i..l.>i.J'b P ~I ~ ~~ I FJIlj"l.<>A
: W~ ~ ~ I

~ 1..l.>i~D_J9-!J '. 9P~ALaI.,J '::'.~;;j , . 1I::......b..:iJ I

..'~
- l.b:<..oJ I
lj"~ 1 tkl..a:i::..b.iW.9 D.J.9-!J1 ~ ALa I.,J I ::. .~;;j , .1I::......b..:iJ1

. ~ ill I

.C(7, 2) ~I ~ x =

t-L4!, ~ ~ L,:;J I .J.P-A C"

y 2 + 3 V~I ~I ~..,..L-. ~.b\....o ~I

.oJ}:J ly ..,..1)1 ~ ...l>- ,~\ C~ ~ I

~)'I "hla.o.J l

~L,;iJ I;; )~1

l (x - 3)

= y2 + 3

= (y -

0)2

.)1Cl:>.-..; l:;~ ~~ I ~ I .) ~ L.S . (3.25, 0) 0J}:Jly , (3, 0) ..,..\)1 . P = 0 . 25 .:>~ 4p = 1 .:>\ ~

'-=-

. C ..,..WI.:i.1..Q..;y ,F oJ}:J1 ~ ;U~I

C T- -

'-:i' y d J..;~

_... c

--"
__-::'.__-/ "'d"
~

. , . \ :. 1\ -lk..J \~ l y')L..;, i...l>-\ JJ,d 1' _: ,

~~

~L....lI~

= V(X2 = V (7 -

~J

x 1)2 + (Y2 - Y1) 2

3.25)2 + (2 - 0)2

= 4.25
,JWI J~. ~ c!'y ,~ I Jolk..J1 ~

.?- ~I ~ \ ~~ d.k.A.; </'y A

.A

= (3.25 -

db;J\ ~ d ~I

4.25, 0)

= (-1,0)

...,..UI \.,L" 4.J ~ \....o ..\.;:- yi .c} L<:..J1 ~ \ ~..,.. L-. ~ A , C .:>l.:h.OJl c!'
m=

~ I~

Y - YI

ll".;.;JJ.=.4.lI~~ ,~<,:,L...

Y-

~j~ 1 4,-01.>

=5 -

l ; (1, -4)
4'"

y -~ --

X l)

2=~
4 - Z
4
y _~
4 + .1
4

.:.~".w I..,.J I_~

i + t '-:i' (7, 2) 4.1.J1~ x = y

= m (x -

= .1

y - 2 = Cc - i)

m ='YI=2 ,\', =7

4.1.1 uL.:J\):>.;1. Y =

2- 0

7-( - 1)

+ 3 ~ ..,.. U\ 4.J~ \....o .:>~!

4.1 .1 jS:.:J1

~OA~ ~
(58

= 4x + 4; (-

1, 8) (SA

~')y:i.:Iy.Jjc)K.&~~o~~1 I ;;J ~ (23

(4 J~ ) .~I 0)30 ~ CL.a.,.. 0

j. ~ '-i~ L.... J5 J ".:b l.,...., o\.h.....J1 V lS:..J1 F 1~_L.a>- ~,i..

( 1 J~ ) : t:;; ~ ot:.>..:...

3 -:f.. ~~ Jj u~)

(x

+ 1)2 = -

-40(x

+ 4) = (y

- 4(y +2)

(x - 3)2 = 12(y - 7) (1

12(y - 6) (2
- 9)2 (4

= (x +

8)2 (6

(y - 4)2 = 20(x

+ 2) (3

+ 5)2 = 24(x

- 1) (5

(y

,
~uts::....;.~~.rJ \~d;c} )~~ l ~jJ uI (7
~I ' i l ...l9\j ~ x, Y ~ ,x 2

.Y" c.rO }-J\ <.S.i--" l.>i

c.rO pi .c)~\ ~\ 4..bl.,...., ~I

(2 J~ )

(a

. y )~1~~~\j 1~~\3 . .r )J~I

~ ~ 1; 10.1) 3 15} ; . W I J

.~~c)~I~I~j. (b

:. \.h.....J 1~ I

0)

y2 =
(x

~ ,y2 _ 180x

+ lOy + 565 = 0 jJ~WL

il...l9\j~ x,y

(26
(27

1~ 0..:; 0 ~1~,i..

y 2 = - 8(x - 6) <./' jJ ~WI (29

. ~ ~ \ 0)y-aJ\ ~ c)~ 1 ~\ jJ~l.,...., ~\ (a

~0b-~I ": ~ t.,?ill ~I

~ l.> ~ 'V lS:..J1&W ~~I

x = 1 J)..l.11 3 (7, 10) 0)..01 (31

~ ~ I Ji--I ,-"",, .?JI .i>-~ l~ (32

J5 t.Li..;)3 208 ft ,-"",,.?J 1ci'> ~ ~I)\ l.r?:".-J 1~ ~L.JI

3 .80 ft ~

o) y-aJ1~

(3 J~ )

( - 5,3) 0) ..0 13 ( - 5, 1) ,-,,",,1)1 (30

.60 ft . W I e:L.)! cr' yOJ l w ~ ~L.JI &

h~ (8

I '":'..

(3 J~ )

P = -2 ':; Y = 4J)..l.11 (28

&3.c) K. &

4) ;(24 , 2) (25

+ 6)2 = 3 ( y - 2) ;( 0 , 14 )
-4x = (y + 5)2; (0, -5)

: -i~ L.... jJl> J5 J c)~1

'

- 3) ;(-5, -5) (24

i(x -

'-7")L;

'-:-')lA.JI;i ~ e:'UI c)~1 ~I ~ ~3 .'-;-') lA.J \

(5J~)

+ 7) 2 = -~(y

2) ".:b l.,...., c)K.

0b-? ~3 .'-;-') lA.J 1~~ e-.. . . 1) ~ c)K. ~

. ... 1_ . .kiI1 . .\ I r
..; '-:-'-" <..J'7 -: c-y.
~ Cy cs""
..

~ -i~ L.... V K. ~ J5 ~ ,-"",, L.... jJ ~ l.,...., ~I

(x

= 8(y -

~..l;J~3 c)lS:..JI ~I 0)30 ~ ~L.JI

y 2+ 33=-8x-23 (10

= 3y2 + 100

(12

= 2y 2 - 16y - 20x

(14

60x - 80
-72

Jy, \...

(b

-i~ L.... jJ~~ J5 ~ I

: ~ ot:.>..:... otf..,J ~L.a>-

x2

3x 2
- 33

17 = 8y

+ 39

(9

+ 72 = -72y (11

= x2 -

: -i~ L.... J5 J o~l ~L.,a;;J 1 ~ ",ill V K<J I

12y - 6x (13

1jJ ~ l.,....,

~l

( 4J~)

(-9, - 4) ,-"",,i)\3 (-9, - 7) 0)..0 \ (15

. (23, 18) ~~ ~-J , ~1 .)1 Cp., ~13 (3, 3) 0)..0\ (16
( - 4, - 1) <J"i) 13 (2, - 1) 0)..0\

(17

. (20 , 16) ~L./"'-.3 ,~1.)1 Cp., ~13 (11, 4) 0)..0 1 (18

~ u-:)JI )L.l>i 0..r.A..o .r.?JI ~ ~ jJ~l.,...., ~\ (a

(1, - 2) <J"1)13 , ( - 3, - 2) 0)..0\ (19

. X )~ I ~ ~ \

,-"",,I)

.b lA.:.J L ./"'-.3 ~i) C~ ~ 1 (20

. (-12, -14), (0, -2), (6, -5)

,y ~ ~L.JI l.> \ ~ .ryAlJ l.> l.:.:-.J ) l.>L:..LY~ ~ y ( b

I~l ~ J5 Jy,~ ) .~I

ci e:J.Y

Y' k5 .ryOJl

. 86.4 ft ~ ~L.JI c..jl5

(-3,2) <J"i)1 3 ,( -3,4) 0)..01 (21

.uI...l>- .3 8 t.,?)..01 ,;)\ Jy,

,y = 2 ~UI ) Y"'-" ,( -

3, 2) <J"i)1 (22

&-WI :b-L" ~
;;.U_".~~ Jy~1 ~I

~I ~I ~j ,F .(iJY. -,s.iJ1 t}~1 ~I ;;..bw ~I

(39

:0;4 ko JS" J.~

Jlh-JI

~I ;J)W ~yi. A= txy

(33

&-WI :b-L" -.::....;l5I::') t}~1

.01J.>.y 3 o.;:.lA;)y ':i....:r oJ.>.y 2.4

~ ~ ;JL~I .ia. ci ~

;;~..l.L<A.:J~ " (35

.oJ})\ ~Y' ~ ~ t}~1 ~I

t}K.. & j--<J 0J})l y vJ)1 ..:r-: ~I ~ yi 1~...I...1...2l (a

:c!4 ko
y2= 16(x 2) (iii y2= 8(x 2) (ii y2= 4(x - 2) (i
log416X (42

J~~~l;:aticit}K..&J5~~ l~l..:.'-:I

.db- ~:r Jb..' ~ '0;4 ko:i.:.:~ jl ...bw JS" J>

(2 -2. 25

log , (-x)

2X

+ log ,

WL..,.)~ I )

=2U6t
(6 - x)

..:r-:~LJlyt}~I~I~..:r-:~)luJl~l~ (c
.oJ})ly l..rJ)

2 (44

=3

c: <..T"I)I ci ~ ~ t}K.. &

(45

&y (x

;J)W

hex) = 16-~
2x+3

e
I '.:'.:

+ 1)2 = 20Cy + 7) d)w t.,?.iJ1 t}~1

log3 x :::: -3 (46

( 1 - 1 U".) ~ I ) :':"l51::'10;4koJS" ..l~) (47

(b

.~J5oJy.~~.~j5J~0)

1>.oJ (

~I

.~~I~i

:0;4kot}K..&J5~Jy-~':".J5
x

2=

+ 1), x = -5(y + 1)
.~l;:~J5~~~:r~~

-2(y+ 1), x = -12(y

h( -3) (a

I~'.: '>.J (e

h(6x) (b
h(10 - 2c)

4.: yl'; (j ~ sin

(j

(c

+ cos (j ~ yl; , sin (j cos (j = ~':"l5 b)

(J-1 U"J~I)

"2

"2

(48

.J y \II L!)I ci

t.,?y~ ~ 0~ '~Y' \~.l.>- x.:"l5 b) (49

x"2
3

x4 H

~ yJl &ill (i \II) ~)I 4.JI..ul L., (50

~CG:-L",~

y=x

Y = [x]

y=VX

Y= x

, ) ) '"7'

}\I\ </' t}~1 ~I ~ ~ .bL;iJ1 t.,?i l ~~ (37

.~J.!~ ~ .oJ})1

~t..9...ut..9 ;.

tcOeLUt t~t

Ellipses andCircles
~'I
I:SlWr
~J~ - ~

c.rJ ) ..l.> J

~ \ 6.>:. ~ \ ~ I..,s ~

) ) \..l:u:.

~..,s )) ~

..t...e\ J ~.:.>.r.L 43;ijL,., ~ ~) ,u~:lI J,.,.,.. ~ ~ ~)b

& ~ o) ..l.> .b:- ~) ,.u,;;,; '"7' j i.j ul..:-- ':'>.r.L 28.5 ) ,.u,;;,;
, ~)y. LS ~ l .j ~ I ':'>~ ~ , ~L;

.J J;~I~~1
!!!!:/~ - .-::r
t~I~':""'.JJ

. ~ ~ ~-, ili lS;...,J 1

t~ I':''lIJwJi> i

,~ '-' ..LJ I-, ~ ~ I

..4-:~ i-,
t~I':''lIJw~i

.bLQ.;6.>:. ~
\. . 1\ 1_ .11
~l:J1~1 I~LuI_. I.~.-; ;; I.JJI . ~" \,jJ I . t-.AtI I .I ~ -;
,, '
If'' -'-+' ~ .Y' err:
C-- -. ....-::--J..>-J
j ~
C"""""""" v::--

Ii", C7""? ) . ~.;j.;J i .:.>1.::.1U:J 1':'>GLA ~J . ~G ljl..lA...> L,?)L.: ~G ~ y~ ..tA: ~.:.>~~.,,:-.-.

~ ~ J ~~ G..;L; w..; (""'" ; .:.>\ ~ ~ ,~))) I ..w:. ...,,; )> :r .by..T' .k::>- )y;-) ~ ('~ I
.:.>\ L,?\ ,~ G Ij l..lA...> L,?JL.: ~))) I Y ~ L:.J \ ~I ~ ~ .u,;;,; ~i L,?~ ~ . I~)~ ~I ~.:.>\
. ~G ) ..lA...> I i",) , d l + d 2= d 3+ d 4

.~ I-,..LJ I-, ~~I

~WIFI

ellipse
.Jl:i.J~ 1

foci
~~ I.J~1

major axis

~ ~ LA l.::~ ~ I) , ~)))I LS~ ~ \ ~ \ ~ \...;.-;

LAi .jS ~I

center

)~I ~ .u,;;,; ~) , ,,.I~ I )."......JI ~L:.J I ~I

~~ I.J~ I

o..l.>L...:.o s ,~I ~ LA l.::~j ,j5 ~~ ~ ~\ ~ I ~I

minor axis

'"

f-

'"

';s'11 )"..,."..j l l.::~ ~ . ~~ I .;."......Jl ~ ,,;S '11)".,....J\ t::

. ~1~1 Cr.:-'I)I ] A...o\II )".,....JIl.::~~) ' Cr.:-'I) I

.JL..i,;J1

vertices
.J~1J-4l10L.. i,;J1

J5 J l j5.rJ 1:r .:.> \;:".,bAJ u l..u . ..;A...o"'':! 1 )".,....JI) ,;S\II )~ I o- j5J ~ 1 .u,;;,; .Y' ~ l:J\ ~ I j5 .T'
ifl) J5 ~ 0\~) ,~I J }oJ1l.::)L...:;,., ~1.rJI ~i) \ J l j5 .rJI :r .:.>\;:".,bAJ IJ ,J}oJ\ l.::J L...:;,., ifi)
C L,?JL.: O)y' J5) j5.rJ1 ~ 0 1) 'O~) b L,?JL.: ~1.T' ifl) J5J j5 .rJ1~ 0 1) ' O~ j a L,?)L.: j5.rJI)
. o~

~ \.j J\......,-J\......, <"y' lk.:J I ~ ",.k ~ 6. F I VI C == 6. F 2 VIC .:.>I ~

\ ~l:J\ ~ \ ~ .rUJ ~I ~) . V IF l

==

VIF2 ':'>~ ~)\ )I ~ WI

. a, b, C J \,,1 ''1 16J '1 ~ V IF I, V I F 2

J ,,1 ) ~)I

..,.a-Ol:JI~ I"":""~

V I FI

+ V I F2 = V 2F I + V 2F 2

V~ F~ = V,F l

V IF I

+ V I F 2 = V 2F I + V 4F I

V j F 1 = V ~ V~

VI F1 + VIF2

v~ F . +

= 2/1

VIE I

\'IF. = Vlf~

VI F l

V~ VI

= V2 V4

+ V IF2 = 2a
+ VIF I = 2 a

~4

2(V I F I )

4..,;1)1.;

VIE I

= 2a
= {l

co-vertices
(,fjSJ-4l1 ~~'lIl

eccentricity
www.obeikaneducation.com

y
(II, k + b)

oj5J' t.?jJ\ ~UI EAJ\ ~ Jy

6.bA; P(X,

y) 01<./ p

. jJ ~ \ ~I.) ~.r "---' J jjJ ~jy' ..::...t.;I..l>-u , C(h, k)

Jy

t.?1 t.?~ ~ 0~ ~UI EAJI w.:"",,; J ~~J

. PF 1 + PF2 = 2a0~ ljJ , ~ ~~)~ l y ~ 1

6.bA;

(h, k - b)

PF1

~L:JI~ I"':"'rU

+ PF2 = 2a

Ol-l l~

y[x - (h - e)]2 + (y - k)2 + y[x - (h + e)]2 + (y - k)2 = 2a

~ 1~l>J1

y[ (x - h) - e]2 + (y - k)2 + y[(x - 11) + e]2 + (y - k)2 = 2a

y[ (x - h) - e]Z + (y - k)2 = 2a - y [(x - h) + ef + (y - k)2

:;hJL,o

~~I~~

(x - h)2 - 2e(x - h)

~L,o

k)2 = 4a 2 - 4n y [(x - h)

+ e2 + (y -

(x - h)2 + 2e(x (y - k)2 = 4n 2 + 4e(x - h)

(y - k)2 = a2 + e(x - h)

+ e]2 +
4~~...w ' ~~
ay[(x - h) + e]2 +
2
~;hJI~~
a [(x - h)2 + 2e(x - h) + e2 + (y - k)2] = a4 + 2a2e(x ~j~ 1 ~L>. n2(x - h)2 + 2n2e (x - h) + a' c' + a2(y - kf = a' + 2a2e(x ~t,>
n2(x - h)2 - e2(x - h)2 + a2(y - k)2 = a4 _ a2e2
,,~ - c~ =/J~
b2(x - h)2 + a2(y - k)2 = a2b2
4ay [(x - h)

h) + e2(x - h)2
11) + e2(x - hf

(y - k)2
a2
+ b2 = 1
.
(x - h)2
(y - k)Z
.
.
_
_ _
__
<.J~..J '
a2
+ b2 = 1 </' ca b ~ , (h, k) o?J' t.?jJl ....,-a'UI EAJ I...bW oI.:-"~1 ojy.aJ 1
e
(x - 11 )2
(y - k)2
_
_
.
~_.O
. t:;..... \ j .r.S '1 l j~ I <.J~
b2
+ 2 = lo1.:-"~ lojy.aJ\JJ,t:,A.; I~~.r.S'1 l j~ 1
a

(x - h)2

,,2/,2 ~~...w '~

~~1 ;;~l ~ Aht-ll

(x - 11) 2
-'----b--:2-'----

(y - k )2

a2

=1

(x - 11) 2
-'----a--:
2-'----

-.

V2

--

V2

(11, k) .jSJo4!t

(11, k) .jSJo4!t

b, k)

c) ' u L:i~ 1
a ) . u L...i~ 1

(11
(11

'u~IJo4!I uL...j~t

(11, k

y=k 1 ~~ I ~ 1
b
I a, b, C ~ li~t
2

b2

C, k ) 'uL:i~1
a, k) uL... j~1
I

b) ' u ~IJo4! I uL...j~1

2k=AJ~j y = k . ~~ I ~ I
2 11 = AJ~jx = 11 .~~t~t

2k=AJ~j

e= Va

2 11 = AJ~jx = 11 I~~t~l

=a

~i~~ l j~ 1 1 6 ~ ".i 1

(11, k

jic

= 1

b2

\,T"' ij~~ I .)~ 1'6~".i1

(11, k

Abt-ll

(y - k)2

--

(11

~~t ;;~l ~

jic

= a2 = Va

b2
-

a, b, C ~ li~t

+ ef + (y h) + e 2 + (y -

k)2 +
k) 2

: ~~ . l:.>..:-. u~ ~ '.;4L... JS ci

:J.:.L...o o~I.r-il:J1

~I ~L.a>.:>i..

6..

(x-3)2

36

v'36 =

. h = 3, k = -1, a =

V9 = 3, C =

6, b =

(y+l)2

= 1 (a

3Y3 ~ , ~L;JI 0) .,r-aJ1J>- ~~ ;;.J.:.W \

lA~ (x _

11)2

,?~i

(II, k)

(3, -1 )

: j5,rJ 1

(IIc,k)

(3 3Y3, - 1)

:.:.>l; ) })1

(9, -1) J (-3, -1 )

:':'> L....i) 1

(/r

II,

(3,2) J (3, -4)

:LJ W I,rJ1LJL....i)1

=k

Y=- 1

:yeS'J l )~ I

x=II

x =3

: j<-P'J \ )~ I

.11

11
I

~ , ~IJ ';' jS.: ..r;S'J'

.W l, a2

lS?'J 1.bW\ ~ ~\J LT-)~\J ~) ;J\J v Jj)\J j5,rJ1 ~

4 (3, 2) . .
(- I 3, - 1) .-lo--r--.

LJ~JvJj)L .r'""! ~ r-) ~ ,~l:J\~1 ;J .:> L...o ~ ..;1 \

.j<-P'J IJ yeS'J l <J;)~ I J y- )\;k:;...

1---_

-8

-+

4x 2 + y 2 - 24x

~J...,;:{ IJ,La..J 1

~l.=<.J I'j..u.J '~

~L

~rJ'JW!-:>
~ l, J.:L>..:.ll,o

+ 4y + 24 = 0
.1J i ~L;J \ o).,r-aJ1J>- .\. bW\ ~I
2
4x + l - 24x + 4y + 24 = 0
(4x 2 - 24x) + (y2 + 4y) = - 24
4(x 2 - 6x) + (y2 + 4y) = -24
4(x 2 - 6x + 9) + (y2 + 4y + 4) = - 24 + 4(9) + <1
4(x - 3)2 + ( y + 2) 2 = 16
(x -

16~~...w1~

.11 =3 ,k = - 2 ,a =

3)2

(y

+ 2)2
16

(b

=1

V16 = 4,b = V4 = 2,c = 2Y3 ~ ~L,AJ \ o) .,r-aJ1 ~ ~ p:.. LJ'} \ ;J.:> W\

. ~ l:J 1 ~I ~L..z,:.. ..l;..I.><.:l ~I ..i.", ~ \
,, 2 ....J..:

lA~(y

- ]..) 2

"'

..,i)

: . ~ )I \

(/" k)

(3, - 2)

:j5,rJ1

c)

(3, - 2 2Y3)

:.:.>l; ) })I

(IT, k

(1)

(3, 2) J (3, - 6)

:LJL....i)l

(/,

II,]" )

(1, - 2) J (5, -2)

:.:.>WI,rJI.:.>L....i)1

x = 11

x =3

: yeS'J \ )~ \

y=k

y= - 2

:j<-P 'J I )~ I

(/"]..

(3, 2)

+9

-~ r~ (5, - .2)
- - " I, - - "

(l ,j -2)

---=

loS?''l\ .bW I ~ ~ IJ '<J;)~IJ ~)})IJ v Jj)IJ j5,rJI ~

':'> ..Is...,...j J'Jj)L J~ ~ r-) - ,~ l:J 1 ~ \ .\.bL...o ~ ..;1 1
.j<-P'JI J yeS'J \ .f-)~I J y- )~k:;...

(3, - 6)

x 2 + 4~/

+ 4x - 40y + 103 = 0 Cl R

(x - 6)2

, ~ W I ~ I AJ , La..J

J~'.;, \-" a2 ~ ~~

:. ~)l 1

II)

(II, k:

k)

~l.,.AJ I.J~ I.,... a 2~

.;,.,s:,. ..r;S'J 1J~I';' \-"

(y - k)2 ';'15 ,:.! Loi , ~'I

. ~ l:J 1 ~ \ ~L..z,:.. ..l;..I.><.:l , ~ I ..i.", VL.....;;....I

,, 2 ~

~'i I .JP-4I I
L:.~ (x -1t) 2';'15 r, ~

~~~ ~
(y + 3)2
J
+ 16 = 1 CI A

> 1> 2

: .;~ k. JS -i .~I vdL.a>J1 ~ \.jill ~l:J1 F'4.bL... ~I

. (-3,-3) , (-9,-3) ~~ 1 ..>",-J10~ut;I-C>olJ ' (-6,2) , (-6,-8) .r.S'~I ..>",-J10~ut;I-C>ol (a

.".....i.rJ 0 13: I; ! .~"'"

~1 ..l>;iI ~ L:.II ~1

~':f I J~ 1 0 !-"""""' y

. a , b ..\:~ /-.o~ I ..>~ IJ .r.5~ I ..>~ l u~1

~ 013: , ; ~ . ~ i 0~
0 ~ """"'x ~'..l>;i '

b=

- 3 - (- 9)

. ~iJ 0~ ~:" I J~ 1

a = 2 - (-8)

=3

=5

' .r.5~ I..>~ I~.r~ l:J I~ I j5/,

.:.....:..:.... I~ -
:</' ~l:J 1 F

\ 4.bL...) ,,-:?,1..> .?'J I ..>~I':>\,!

== (

(Ii k)
,

-6

+ (- 6)
2

'

+ (-8)

--

== (- 6, - 3)

~L

,':> ~)L....:. .?'JI..>~I ~~ x ~I-C>o )' 1.:>1k:)

.
.
(y + 3)2
. 4.2.1 j-.<...:J I...; L.S .l:.>...:...J ,-?,L,J I u~l) .
25
. (-2, 4) , (4,4) .:>l;.J..t:JIJ

(x

~L

=1

d - 4,4) , (6,4) .:> L...1)1 (b

...:.r..----i) l.j:: djL-J1</,)' 2n .r.5~ I

~L.....J I"""'" 2n

+ 6)2

= '.1(-4 -

.J~ 1 J"b

4.2 .1~1

6)2 + (4 - 4)2

n== 5
:2c

</' ~..>jJl.j:: djL-J1

~L.....J I';'j-ll! 2c == '.1(- 2 - 4)2 + (4 - 4)2

~4

c =3
. b ~ ..\;~.)

= il 2 _
32 = 5 2 _
c2

1/=5, ('=3
~L

b2
b2

b =4

:w j5rJl ~ I -C>o!':>\,! 'j5rJI.j-" j:-'..JL....:..:r-..\A: ~ ..:.r..----1) 1.:>1~)

~l~~
:</' ~l:J 1 F

(Ii, k)

, ~1 .r.5'J1 .J~ I .:>\,! ,.:>l.:JL....:. .?~ 1 .J~I ~~ Y ~I-C>o )' 1.:>1 ~)

.

'

. 4.2.2 uL<...:JI ...; L.S .l:.>...:...J ,-?,L,J I ~I)

.s-C>o) 30 .r.5'J I..>~ 1

. .b- )

) 1 "4.:) I.:l " LS.J...,

2+6 ,4;4)

== (1,4)

~l:a

4.b L...)

= (-4

(x - 1)2

25

(y - 4)2

16

== 1

~4JA~

I
G

J"b) , (19, 3), (- 7,3 ) .:>L;..>jJl (2A

10 -,~'J I ..>~I J"b) , (- 2, - 4), (- 2, 8) .:>L.....1) 1 (28

.:l ~) , 1) O.j:: wl .:l I .i.. l! ) .a J

! c ~ y>

~l:J 1 F ~jSrJ1..J')\:.>.":II
. ~ l:J\ ~ I "t.L;I"

4.2 .2~1

Ll~ LS.r>-\tI..:r ~ J5Ll~.J.r.JI '-:"'~ L..~.J . ~U I ~I ?J".J If}.J.r.J1 LS'\';-! ~ 6jL.J\ c ~\ ~

'o)b ~U\ ~ \ ~ )w:> cJ! i..??.rJ 1...j)\.;;;:.)l1 ~ ~ L.. ~ j .~..:r '-:"' ~ e, c ~..:r)15
.o) 1..JJI ."k ~ J .,bJ "-;jL., a, b..:r J5 ~ Ll~j

. .....c

I_ a

c= ll

... - -c- -

e = 0.94

e = 0.71

e = 0.32

e =O

'
3

...'.--11-.
-- ......
c

~L:J I ~ ~jSJo4l I ~~'".i l ~~

(x - 6) 2

100

(y

+ 1) 2 = 1
9

...aiUI

~bd1 1 LS?

~-.

. 11...j'"}.;>)'I,).:i>

. C ~,)~: ~ji
2
C

= 100 C = J91

~4

' i..? ? .rJ1""';) \.;;;:.)' 1Wa, C ~ ~

= II
v!91
e = 10 ~ 0.95
e

1I=10 , c ="f91

.4.2.3 ~\ oj LS ~ ~ U\ ~\ ~ ~ l..iJ ,~.;; 0.95 i..?j~ ~UI

i..??.rJ1...j'"}.;>)l 1

~&"~ ~

: .;~ L... J< J d,lA" ' \k...J1~Wl &ill.,<?,rol' ..J"j> ~1 , .i,.

(x - 4) 2

19

(y + 7)2
17

=1

x2

(Y

18 +
---

( 38

+W
48

4 .2.3~,

= 1 (3A

F.:.r.? ~ ~ ~ ,.:,1.:>-"",,:,

,t;.."z 25 mm ,-?j~ ~1 ~ Ll'S b~ .0.28 ,-? j~ y.>:J ~ I ~L.. ~ ~I ~;oJ1 F 1~

,-?.iJ1

~ UI ~ '-??.,.JI""';'"}.;>)'I Ll! ~ . ,)~~I <.j:J.:, ~l;

~4..l ~.;.:JI eLi;.J)'1 W

. c ~ ~..l:>.;;.] i..? ?.rJ I""'; )\.:.:>. )I \ ~ \

e = ac

-;

~ 1 2f
f---- 25~

= 0.2B, = 12.5
1/

0.28
C

.J~I~

= 1~.5

rY-!'~ 0~l> 0~ 1~

. 41>..... u,.~l...A

= 3.5

. b ~ ~..l:>.;;.] C .J a r-:3 LJ~\

n, h,c .:,.,,:"!"= ';>U.l '
c

= 3.5 ,

II

= 12.5
~L>-l4

c = C1 _

3.5 2

,-,"" .....i ":' l..o~ ~ 0J~~ LoS

.~ lxJ0~1

b2

= 12.5 2 -

b2

b = 12

. t;.."z 24 mm <.,?j L.....--, ,2b ~I t Li;) Ll ~ 12 <./' b ~ Lli ~

~~ Li;) W

,25 rnm

~\ ~ Lll5 b~ .0.39 r

0~J , ~

,~1 '-'" 43J ~I ~ 0~1

~&"~ ~

)oJ! ~ ~ L,a.. ~ i..??.rJ1 ...j)\.:.:>.)I \ ( 4

! = U L.....:... Il= h

. LJ 2~~"...bJ I~":'~
;.r!'...JI#

..:....1I "

: ~ r u.~ ~3 (h, k) u.jSJ-" ~I D.ri I ...lJ I 4.J .>~ ~~I D.J~ I

(x - h) 2 + (y - k) 2 = r 2

SJLl.A
. 8 L:......wJ (-1,2)

L:.?.r -;11;;j l..ul ~.b lA.. ~I

=r2
2)2 = 4 2

(x - 1z )2 + (y - k)2
8
(II, k) = (-1, 2), r = 2'

=4

(x - (_1 2 + (y _

(x

+ 1) 2 + (y

- 2)2

= 16

~~~ G

3 yhAJ l ~.J ' (0, 0) j5 r-ll (SA

10 yhAJ lJ ,(5,0) j5 r-ll (58

. (7, 6), (-1, - 8) ~ .....w u.,:,lS' I~ ! ;;jl..ul :i,).)lA.. ~I

.j5 ...JI ..l::-J i , I :;~I

J

X2,' I; ,)

.....:.....::.. I~.....,... (h,k) = (X

I;
(,\'\, .'11) = (7. /)), (x 2 ' Y 2)

= (7+

(- 1, -8)

~~

;-1),

+~ -

J)

= (~, -./ )
= (3 , -1)

~4

. yhAJl ~ J.,,1 ..l::-Ji 1 2 :;~1

" -t. ' . ..... ~L-..J I.........
-

..r---~_ .

l XI' II I ) =(7, 6 ), (x 2' Y2) = (J,-I)

:::....w~
~~

~~I oJ,raJI.j II, k, r 2 if./ Y. . r 2 = 65":'[j

r -_ .V/ ( X 2

= './(3 -

Xl

(Y2 _ YI )2

7)2 + (-1 - 6)2

= V (- 4)2 + (-7)2

= Y65

1.iJ ' 0.1>- J

V65yo jl.ill ):...il l ~ J y

.(x - 3)2 + (y + 1)2 = 65 ...r ojl..ul

.(3, -3 ), (1, 5)

)2 +

~?

.:>]

~.blA...:>i ~ . ; I..ul ~b ~

~~~ G

u):> .:>lS'

I~ ! ,.jl.) ...blA.. ~)

(6
__

(6 JI:.A)

: ..;~ L..... JS

-i \+.-i)oj L;):> ~1. )I..l..l1 ;;.h\..... ~ I

j.. ~ , ..;~ L..... JS -i .d,)\..... .lh.....J1.."a,;l:..ll F' ~L.a>- ,)...l;>

( 1 JI:.A )

(2, 1) , (2, -4) (18

ex + 2)2

(1

=1
x + 9y2- 14x + 36y + 49 = 0
4x 2 + y2 - 64x - 12y + 276 = 0

(2

.. 9

ex + 4)2
9

(-6,4) , (4,8) (21

~ .iJ 1 ~l:..l l

e:hA..l1<;.b~ ;;""'WI.Jy-a..l1~ I ,'::''''i ~la..

.J..<>~1 4.hA.; oj5 .r s ' L?"iJ .?~ I 0J~
:i..:1 ~

----- ...
\

~l

"
-,

-_ __

-i "~I ~W" o~ .)1i f)~

(y

49

+ 3)2
4

(22

(3
(4

:..;'4 L..... JS -i.lh.....J1~L.:JI ~ -,s.iJl.."a,;l:..l1 e:hA..l 1;;j,)\..... ~I

(2 JI:.A )

(23

870000 ~\ .,w .:>l5 b1' i f J...ul

(-5, - 3), (11, - 3) .:>L;J.r.JI.J' (- 7, - 3), (13, - 3) ':>Li)1 (5

: .;~ W ~~ ,G.~ J:.o

uI...l;>-.J 8 .;...o~ \ J~\ Jyb.J' (4, 3), (4, - 9) ':>Li) 1 (6

, (- 13, 2), (I , 2) .?~ I J~\ ...2 ~ uL; \...l;>-l (7

) ..w .;...0\' \ J~ \ J yb ...l~.)

.>

(a

. (-6, 4) , (-6, 0) .;...0''1 1J~ I

.,)).k~wy5

:..;'4 L......."a,;l; ~ j5J j-;:-'i)I J .:.dJ~ IJ?~ I ~ JI

ex + 5)2 y2
16
+7
9y2 - 18y

+ 25x 2 + 100x

=1

(24

.?~1 J~I J yb J ' (- 13, 7 ), ( - 3, 7) ,:> wl~I':> LI) 1 (9

.o...l;>-.J 16

:..;'4 L. JS -i .d,) \..... .lh.....JI.."a,;l:..l1F

- 116 = 0 (25

-,s ? ~1...J 'j..;>. 'JI,).J..>.

ex+ 5)2
72

65x 2

YlrJl jA; u

+ 16y 2 + B Ox -

975

=0

; ~ u ~\...l;>- !.J

....l;>- s 20 .?~ I J~ I J yb .J ' ( -6, 9), (-6, - 3) .:> L;J.r.J1 (8

.) ..wJ ~j5~ I w )\::>- '11 ~) ( b

~ u L;l.;?-

y2

=1

(-4, -10) , (4, - 10) (19

(5, -7) , (- 2, - 9) (20

.GL.. oL:,;,. .:,. ,

(26

ex + 6)2
40

l>- L;...) ~ , '::' l.i.>L.:. (27

u L;I;>J1.r l3~ ;51~~

,~ L; ~ ~ ~ ~ rJl
.is ): Jii 4) y U I ':>Y"':.J ,~I~~\

ex - 8)2
14

ex + 8)2
27

(3 JI:.A )

+
+
+
+

(y - 3)2

54

= 1 (10

(y - 2)2

12

(y + 3)2
57
(y - 7)2
33

= 1 (11
= 1 (12

=1

(13

~\~Y- I d~ (14
~

JL.. Jk..a.,. J .J ~ I

oj J\:;>. 1~ L;

(4 J ~)

' J\ ...l;>-! LS~ ~ o~i :i..:.>- ~I ':> \;>J ~rJ I ~I r-") (a

..:>I;>J..l ~ .,,.,JI e--wl ~ ~ ;;j,)\..... ..,...:51 (b
e--wl ~ ~ .iJ1 ~ l:..l \ ~ ~j5~ \ w)\::>- '1\ ~) (c
..:>I .,.>...lJ ~ .,,.,JI

:..;'4 L..... JS -i.lh.....J1 ~L.:J I ~ -,s.iJI.."a,;l:..l1e:hA..l' ;;J,)\..... ~1

%~ j5~ \ w )\::>- 'JIJ (- 10, 0), (10, 0) .:>LJ)\ (28

t ~j5~ I

w J\:;>. 'JI.J ,(0, I ) , (6, 1) ,:>w\~1 ':>Li)\ (29

, (2, - 4

+ 2V5) ~J .r.lI LS ...l;>-!.J (2,

- 4) j5 ~I (30

v5 ~j5~ I w.)\::>-'J \.J

'3

c:6 J-<";'

. 0 .75 LS j5~ 1

~ J L;.-JI J L....a.....l w ../' f ~ i L. (a

j5 .r </' (J...o ~\ 4.hA.;":;";l5 b1~ l:..l l e:hA..l1;;J,)\.......,...:51 (b

.J L....a.....l1

~ , ..;~ L..... JS

-i .lh.....J1~L.:J I jh..; .fll ) I..l..lI ;;J,)\..... ~I

( S J ~) . ~ lft, L:,;,...:,.., j.

.2 )UJ\ w....a.; .J , (3, 0) j5 ~ I (15

. 12,;hAJI.J , (-4, - 3) j5 ~I (16
. 7 )UJ1w....a.;.J

'J..<>''1I 4.hA.; Y'" j5 ~ \

(17

~ 0)1,) 4.hlA.., c...;l5 1 ~ 1 I ~~ 4rL.... (41

h) 2 + (y _ k) 2 = r 2

J ~ -"':- J~ .II > O:k < a~ (x -

..jl.:: .;>-IJ L?.r.":" J ~

0~1 W-..lA o)I..l.l1

o)I..l.l 1~ Lr" ~U I ~ I ~ '-:-'~

I~W cr l 1 ~1

(42

. b ~ Lr" a ~ ,-:-,~ L. ..l:s-

10 (44

y = 3x

+ 50
lay + 9

24 x

x = 5y 2 . 0 s; 0 s; 2 7\ ~

y:SYI

0.Jr--'

J.,bJ' (3, 2) 0;.)..;-,' ~i ~L;

(43

. l.~x -

{45

u~ 1 c:blO.:; I a......~ (32

5y = - 3, 2x + 3y = 7 ,4x -7y = 27

~ I <J'.Jj.r. ~ -;.11 0)1..l.l14.hlA.., e.,--:SI

(1, -11), (- 3, - 7), (5, - 7 ) (34

(2,3), (8, 3), (5, 6) (33

() (47

+ 3 sin x + 1 = a

e::W 4.hlA.., e.,--:SI

:J~ k.

sin () = cos () (46

2 sin x

(7,4), (- 1, 12), (-9,4) (36

(48

(0, 9), (0, 3), (-3, 6) (35

I(x) =..=2 (49

x+3
I(x)
I(x)
(2- 1 (,)".)..D I)

= V5 -

= Vx 2 -

x (50
J-"'~

9 (51

r-:

--

.L.I..lA ,).h.J l.:: g (X) = - (t r + 3 .iJ1..l.l 1j . (52

..,-,-=:

!LC ~

- - - - 1

_ ..

L. j..; ~ A o)b ;.) f ' i f u1J..>-J 10 4.; L....." B .:t1A.J1..t....; (53

-.)1B Lr" 4.;L-J1 W ,0)1..ill B Lr" <J'k. r-".J I ~~ .u1 J..>-.J 6

~<J'L....:.II~

2V34

10 C

8 B

.~i ...,.ai L; e::W ~.); i 4-J 16. ~ ~ ji iL>-..!.o.rji ~ -i.;'J1 d~1 ,)~I L?i .6....0 y15 J 6....0 y 27 6.>."lJ1 ~~ i
~-..j..y.JI r-") ~
2

L
-2-_
56.25 + 182.25 - 1

x2
7.5 + 13.5 = 1 0
y2

x2
13.5 + 7.5 = 1 A
y2

C
y2

182:25

(54

..,IS.; .tb.....JI.J::,U:J~;....;.;J0
1 ;1..l.l 1.u,)~ 4:-l:-aJ1o.JraJl ~I

( 3 -3 (,)")..D I)

+ cos

..
2h/
1 . 1.
a ,--;:-,,'oJ..>-J
{
'+' r

.oJ..>-J 12 L?.J~I oj" J J y1J 'oJ..>- .J 16

, ~ {1 ~.j~ k. .u,)lA.., ..,1S ~

sin () = 1

.); L.~):> ~J 'J~Y I

L?JL:J .~I ~
x

( 4-1 ~)..DI )

= - 2x 2 + 5x -

.J..r-oJI..lAl..;"J '~ .J~I

' J~YI .JY"-~.JI J y1 .......i...a.;

. ~Y I .J..r-oJ 1 Jy1.......i...a.;b

: .j~ k. ~ .; ~blA.., otb.....J1 r.)~ 1 ~I ~L.a.>,)J..>

y

~ U I~L?.J~ Ij") 1 (31

lSJ..>-~ ~ ~ ".....W .Y'

2
~
~UI C-.J, ;;II J>b .\.>L-JI ~ ~
..
a + -b 2 = 1 ~blA.., lS-U1

y2

..) ~L.a.> ~I ~Ul ~I .u,)lA.., ~I . A == mab

~~

:~ k. ~

..

b + {/

x2
+ 56.25 = 1 B

= 12, A = 357\

(39

a - b = 5, A = 247\ (40
-b

~.utj.tt t~t

Hyperbolas
'i) ~\~~
C 1yo\J1j ~..r"-!

~ J>- J.Y'.rd' ~ ilh.;-?~

r:J ~W-W I~U;~~)~J lw-L.a..lJ ~.,...aJ 1

~W \ ~ lyJ \ ~..l>..j
4~ ,~)lil.:.

00 j

ilh.; J ~ ~ ~ yo
~

t~I ~ ':""JJ
~-' .ri 1-,..l.J ~ ~W I

..~ ~~

~..l>..j ~lb ~

w- w, j~ \..L.o ) b~ . CPS

'.:.r.;).r.J1 .) j~1 ~ ~ ,..\.\I j

J.r"'.J ,J" j J}

~,", I ~ Q;.~l
J=
-F' - .-:r

& J>- ak j l..u)-!.

t: ~.).:1 ~I,J" -?i.y ~~ ~~.J

.<I.} 10) ..;;;11

IJ ~~I~
t~I '::' :i J W

Jb-i

. . ~ ~ 'I-, ,;;..Lilj,J 1

t~I'::':iJW ~i
.;;..LiIj,J I

..Li1j.J1~1

hyperbola
~WIJ,p--oJ1

transverse axis
~ 1.rJ I J,p--oJ I

conjugate axis
www.obeikaneducalion.com

,,

,,

;S.r ' '-:-' )~ ~ jl)~ ~ ~},J" ..\.\\)1~ I ~ jy~

e~ l.:bA.; l...A jLJ)1) ,.:.r.;).r.JI ~ 4,;~1 ~ ~ r ..\.\1)1 ~I

,,

~ I.;l l .)p.l l

>-

.~I </ },J" J5

,
~'jS.;l 1

- - - - - -*' - - -
':" L...iyl (-....,E" ' ,
,

"

,,

,,

l o.)j.;JI

c: .:.r.;).r.J1 ~ ao\ ~JI ~I ~I

'u:... ..,i ) l r..'...J ~WI.J.,.,-JI

.;S.rJ~ fi)

:l...A ,}~ I.JJ""'-" ..\.\1)1

&W

ew\.J~ I J>- -? .)~ .Y".3 ";';lrJI.J.,.,-JI)

',
',

"

~I

c.i W

",.:.bL..... .) ~ y ~ I) I &.oJI ~)"'; J ~ \ ~

~I) I &.oJ1 ~ ~ 6.kA.; P(x, y) .:>i ....,,;, pi LS,r> '1 \ ~ )J~ \

. ~i) l) ~).r.JI...:..> t.; I..J.,.-! )) ~ \ u~\

y- . C(h , k) 0)5 J' l$ill

c?'

~ 6.kA.; l$i l$~ ~,j1.h..J \ J.rJI 0~ ~\)\ &.oJ1 ~~~ )

I..i.. IPF 1 - PF21= 2 a.:>~ lil . ~ t; ) J..Q... r ~) .r.J 1 i f ~ \

. PF2 - PF 1 = 2a ) 1PF1 - PF'2 = 2 a [;10

PF 1
... L.....J I ~

y[x - (h - c)J2

+ (y -

+ c)F + (y -

k)'2 - y [x - (h

~ l-"""W I y[ (x - h) + cF + (y - k)2 - y[ (x - h) - cf + (y -.....>JL.

....

y [(x - h)
(x - h)'2

+ 2c(x

+ cf + (y -

- h)

+ c '2 +

= 2a

k)'2 = 2a

k)'2 = 2a

k)'2 = 2a + y[ (x -

PF'2

h) - c] 2 + (y - k)2

(y - k)2 = 4a2 + 4ay [(x - h) - c)'2

(x - h)2 - 2c(x -

+ (y 11) - C]2 + (y -

-4a y[(x - h) - c]2

ay [(x -

= 4a2 - 4c(x k)2 = _a 2 + c(x k)2

a2[(x - h)2 - 2c(x - h)

+ c 2 + (y - k)'2 ) = a4 - 2a2c(x h)2 - 2a'2c(x - h) + a'2c'2 + a'2 (y - k)2 = a4 - 2a'2 c(x a2(x - h)'2 - c2(x _ h)'2 + a2(y _ k)2 = a4 _ a 2c2

a'2(x -

(a'2 _ c2)(x - h)2 + a2(y - k)'2

= a2(a'2 _

= a'2 (-b 2)

-b 2(x - h)2 + a'2 (y - k)2

(x - h)2 _ (y - k)2

a2
,

c:b wi )~ 1 0y~ L..J..:..&.

'9!1

(x - h)2
a2

(y - k)2

b2
~ '

. t;...\)

= 1

b2

= 1 if (fl, k) 0)5J' l$ill ~I)\ ~ ~l.:Al 1 "'.b~ 1

..

c:b w\)~I uw.. L..J..:..&.

(y - k)2

(x - h)2

a2

b2

= 1 if)

...oljJl ~I ~L...a>
I

~~I 3~1 ~ AhLa..Jl

(x - h)z

(y - k) Z

-.:-_Z
a

~~I 3~1 ~ 4U..:lLa..Jt

(x - h) z

= 1

(y - k) 2 --1

b2
y

,?""iJ ~ W I J~l
(h, k)

1j)~~1

1jS'..)-4!t

~i~W I J~ 1
(h, k)

a)
c)

,,;,l...wi...>.tI

(h

IWUJJ..:J'

(h

(h, k
(h, k

x=h
y=k

Y- k =

t (x -

h)

=a + b
= Va 2 + b 2

.,i c
C

1~l:.i!I~ 1

'~ '..)-4!'~'
1'":"..J1Zl1lh>

la, b, c ~

A1l~1

c2)

. j.S'..)-4!'

a, k)
c, k)

IwuJJ..:J1

y =k
x=h

1 ~ 1..)-4! 1 ~ 1

= %<x- h)
.,i c 2 = a 2 + b 2
2
2
C = ya + b

y- k

1j)~~1

.wl...wi..,>J'
. ~ l:.i! I ~ 1

' '":''..J1Zl1 lh>

a, b, c~ A1l~,

+ (y - k)'2 +
11) + c + (y - k)'2
2

h)
h)

+ c2(x h) + c2(x -

h)

h)2
h)'2

~l.:.liJt ;;~I ~ ;;lba,.e Q

(x

~1.aA ..ulj ~ ~ ~ ~~

+ 1) 2

.t;;~ o~ j:.o ~ , . 9

(y

+ 2) 2
16

= 1.d,)\..... -,?.lJI..I.:I)1~ I ,-,~ ~ ,) J..>.

: ~ ,"-:---l:AJ 1. J ~ I

h = - 1 , k = -2 , a =

Jli..A

V9 =

3, b =

v'16 =

c.? ~ p:.. ".b~ \

4, e =

v'9+l6 =

...1.\ \) \ ~ \ ,-,~L.a>- ~..b..:.l ~ I oJ.." ~ \

X';~-$;,.)I.u-!IJ->~:.l".b.oJ '

~\

:o ~)I 1
: j5 ~ 1

(- 1, - 2)

(/" !.l

(/, a, !.l

(2, - 2) , (- 4, - 2)

:0 L...i) 1

(II c, kl

(4, -2), (-6, - 2)

:0 !.;J.r.JI

y - k =~Hx-ltl

y+2 =~( X +l) ,y+2= -~( X+ l),

:,-:-,).A.:J Ilk.>

Y= - 3"x

to! ..u 1..;11 ~ I ~~ I

.u1jJl ~ I i.h L...o ':':'1S
~-, ,~~ I ;; J~ I..,k

X<$~ <G...orJ~ I.u-! 1

LA i , ~i ~ I o~ 1 w ~
<G...or-,~ I.u-!lwlS

to!

~ lo~ l w~ ' Y<$~

' <,r'"iJ

10

~\ r ) - ' '-:-'JlA.:J1 J:v- y ~J.r.J\y.:.r.:---\ ) Iy j5 ~\ ~

J.>..i y (-1, - 2) j5 .r"y ''-:-'J lA.:J 1J:v- c.? 0 )1r->'-"" ol.;W L?.lJ1
.2 e = 10 ,,-!J"w .r J5 J}:>y ,2b = 8 .,.>-\1\ .t...)IJ ,2a = 6 "-!~
0

0~j ,,-;---iJ..w. ~\ ~~ ~ ~ l:: ..1.\1)1~I J..

. ,,-!.;W ,) \..l:..>\~\ j ~

(y

+ 4)2
64

(x

+ 1)2
81

=1

OB

_ lC. = l OA
1

c.i "b~ \ -.:...)= \ b lJ . ~ L.a>- J ~ ~ ~.) y , .d ,)~ "-:---l:AJ \ oJ.......a.l14j J-"-" ..w. ..1.\ \) \ ~ \ ~ ~
. ~I ,-,~ L.a>- ~..b..:l "-:---l:AJ\ oJ~ \ c.? "b~1 ~l:S O ,) ~ ! ~ LS "'>-\ 0JY
~l.:.liJt ;;~I ~ ..ulj~ 4r~Lu ~L:iS'

J..." ~~,)J..,.. ~ ,"-:---l:AJ1 oJraJl J-"- 25x

16 y Z + 100x

+ 96y

= 444 ..1.:1)1 ~I.:i..b\.....

~I

.?~o~

:~ J \ "-:---l:AJ 10 J ~\ J-"- ;;_b ~\ 0 1

~":i \ i.hL....J1
~~ I ".u-! I ~

~l;
~~ JWlJ

25x 2 - 16y2 + 100x

+ 96y = 444

...,... J=p..:JI,.w, W I,
;;J~ lcrI !""Wl ;; J~ 1

(25x 2 + 100x) (16y2 - 96y)

= 444
25(x 2 + 4x) - 16(y2 6y) = 444
25(..\: 2 + 4x + 4) - 16(y2 - 6y + 9) = 444 + 25(4) 25(x + 2)2 - 16(y - 3)2 = 400

.jOU _..L<:.~..,hl ' ~ ~

(x

+ 2) 2
16

(II 3) 2

_ . 25

.h = - 2, k = 3, a =

v'16 =

4, b =

V25 =

~J~ l w~~~ 1
,)

c.? ~ ~ ;_b ~ 1

5 , e = y 16

~ ~~t ~.u-!I
. 1iJ~

16(9)

=1

: ~ '"-:---l:AJ \ oJ.......a.l1

~:.u ~~I ~.-l '

+ 25 :::::: 6.4

...1.\ 1) 1~ I ,-,~ l..a.>- ~..b..:.l ~\ o...L.. ~\

~i
(h, k)

(-2,3)

:j5 r-l l

(Ii tI,k)

(-6, 3), (2, 3)

:.j L..i )1

(-8.4,3), (4.4,3)

:.j [;j)-:ll

(/,

II -

.'1

= 1:
(x
1I

L,

k)

It)

J:.b.:.-.JI t""'" ->' ~ ' '-:-'jli::J1 Jv=- ) .:.dj)-:ll) ~i)l ) j5 r-ll ~

4:~ ..l>-i} (-2, 3) oj5Y} ' '-:-'jli::J1 Jv=-.).Y .j'1~ ol.,.hi -.?-iJ1
.2 e = 12.8 4:.,.hi i f JS Jy1} ,2 b = 10 ? 'JI-MJI) ,2a = 8
.j ~)
<:"

......... i
-

.Do

I 1... - . 'I
~
0"'\';-. ~ ~
- . 8L...
- -. -U1)1"..hAJ1
'-

t.. r .

LJ

( ' ~ I J..~H15-3 70 ) ~ '-::,> u.

' 4:.,.hi .)I...l';,.o)~ I .JJ~

, ':' L;..<> ~..,..J I ~;W ~ ~~L>..:.:.lS

"'= J....:.s...?"~ ~~." , ~"w l."

":,,I;S

Jo:~ .:.... L;."

' .,>'oAA

, ;""..L> .,, ~ l t~ l ~ (V"~~y'i )

"

,x

,
'.
.

.1

r \ "",
- - -

.,'---

"

=3 +

J- +
- ?5

.).Y

t.i ~b l.5~ J..=.-:l y -.J ~ ~ ~H.....JI J>

25(x

+ 2)2

16

=3 _

- ?5

- +

25(x

, ~~ ~ I." , J,l L... ":J ! ~ w.i-,

~I

' ~ JS ~u.. u~ I I':"' J"b -d."

' ~ l:J I ~ I-, ' ~ l4J I ~ 1

+ 2)2

16

. ..w Ij.l I ~ I."

~ TI - nspire ":;;~I ~WI JL.......:...~ ~.)L....JI j..

',-,:UI~} ~U I ~ .j }~ } ''-:-'j L.i:J l Jv=- t: ~ :L.:.L:JI

:0..

. .blAJ l j~ ~~~}

~WA~ ~
I

4x

9y

8 x - 36y

= 68 (2A

I
--------/

~L-,i.. ~

~ 1~ ..1.u'Jc-t.. .. 'aJ~l.aA ~US'

..

lJLL.

:..; ~ L..... J5 ..) .~ I ~L..a>J 1 ~ -.?-iJ1 -UI)I &All .i.b L...., ..,...:51
. (-3, -7), (-3, 3) .j L;.:-II J

. a, b, e ~) i f!) 1~} I

d -3,

-6), (-3, 2) .jL..i )1 (a

'cr- Ij &WI j~I .j \-i ,~i)J .jl;yL.;.. x c;l..l>-) ~ I ~

:....r -UI)I ~ I 4..I .)L...., ,1-iJ . y2 .w ~ ~; a2.j~ t.,<.'.)j &WI j~ l .ji ~

.

, 'I 1.:. :1
(y + 2)2 _ (x + 3)2
4 . 3 . 1 u 1<"
l.A-J .J"'""
16
9

=1

4 .3.1~t

.y

= 2x

12, Y

= -2x + 12,-:", j\A.;,l1\.b.>.,) , (-

3, 0), (-9,0) LJ L...i )l (b

..;;1~Lil l j ~1 LJ ~ 'LJ ~,) L:" .:r---I)J y ~1J..>-1;)1~

.b~

(x

+ 6)2
9

l = 1 <./' .lJ1)1F

~ yJ I u~ \ uL,...;..,,1. %:'":""}...:JI ..F )~

a =3

.Q.=2

~l;

b= 6

' J ~L.-.. UJ. . x 2 J.>J ~ ~; a2 LJ" ~ ,.;;\ ~ Lil l j ~ I LJ" I ~

- 36

4.3.2 JS:,.:Jl

. 4.3.2 y:.:.J \';";1

.":; \...l>- J 10 ~ lrJ \ j~\ J}: ,(3, 2) , (3 ,6) LJ L...l) 1 ( 3A

.Y =

tx-

2: ' y =

-tx+

I; '":"" j \A.;,l 1\.b.>. J ,(2 , - 2) , (12 , - 2) LJtj;J\ (38

- - - - - - ---'

F 1

e = %~ <./' ~j5 rJI ...j)b>. ')II ~ '.lJI)\

~ } ~j5rJl ...j)b>. ')II ~ J L,...;.."I ~ al.i5J
1 J' ..r.Si ~ .)J , 1 ) 0 ~ ~ ~ l.:J 1 ~ ~j5rJ I ...j)b>. ')II ~ LJ \.;5X, ' ~J ~I ~I ~
. .lJ\)I ~ ~ b

~ljJt ~ ~jSJ-4lI..s~'.i1
(,:/ _4) 2

48

(x +S) 2

36

= 1 .d ~L.-.. -.,?ill .lJ1)\ ~ -.,? ?

..rJ1J~)' I ~...l>-

. ~j5 rJ l ...j)b>. ')II ~ c ~ 1)1 ~ .:i.,..

c

e = t1

VS4
= VJ8

,,= ~ .c=,f&i

c2

,,~ = -18 , /,2 = 36

= 48 + 36

"" 1.32

: .;~ L...,., JS" J

(y - 2)2

15

(x

+ 9)2
75

=1

.d.)w . 1.k....J1.lJ1)1

~ -.,??rJl ...j ~ ')1 \.)"-;""

(x

(48

+ 8)2
64

(y - 4)2

80

= 1 (4A

..utjJl~l~u~

A ~I wlS" ~ ,6 km)~?-\1 1,y ~...L>i ~ Js-lraJl,y ~ w ~ ~J ..:ll-J i

1.5km)~ ~..i-! A ~I,y .~ wlS"J '~I,yo JS' J r ~l.,p J.r. ~J ' B ~I J W
. B ~I ,y .~ Jy

--:1-- I

A ~i .

~1
r--

-t

-1---1'_1_

--r-r

- ~ -,.-.,

-,-' - -1 . , .

' -'-~

o .

I r '
- , ~.

~~

'- B ~ I --~!-.,

1 'i'

--I..

--'-----'

.l:.>..:.. Jy ~L..:JI ~ -,?lll ~I) I ~I ;(.bL... ~I (a

--'-'~I

--t --~-_ -. _ _.

-t -.---1- . -----'--'

</' j-.:>\Ii ~ wy5:; wi Jy -)1...L>j lS~ Jy ~I c}y ,),b.

J .r-'
' Ii U".1i~ l..aJI L""; Y wik,.J . 1~
.- 4l..o11i~
IWuJI ~
.Y
_
d ) ' (:')1.) ~.Y' w~ ,B ~I.)j '-:"; iJ '0:....~_~.J1 )\S i f

,~I)I F'1 ..;.Jy. ~.:.> ~~.Y' ':'>~I

~ lSi lS~ ~ J-lh-JI

J.,.,JI.:.>i",Si; .c == 3 III

~.ji ~J

.:.>~

, 2a .Y' .:..d.Jj.;JI ,y ~I Jy

, B ~I

,y lA~ Jy 1.5 km )~ ~~ A ~I ,y :w.l..aJ1

. b -W c J a ~ ~I . a == 0.75 .:.>i L,?i , 2a == 1.5

= 3 ." = 0.75
~4

;(b'u...J1.9 III .j-.:>)11~

-

- 2

~..b'u...J1~ a ,
F'I

8.4375 == b?

~ x l) 1F 'I jS / J <.F"C&W I .J~ I

b2

__

y2

x2

~...r:-Y-' ~.J . ;'i - hi = 1 </'

~ ~ ~ ~ :w.l..aJ1 c} .Y' .:.>i L,?i . 0.: :25 - 8 . ~~75 == 1

y2
x2
- 0.5625 - 8.4375

.)! '-:";

= 0.75 2 + b2

32

==

1 ..:H ...... L,?lll ~ I) I

. ~I J r 2.5 krn ~ Jy"';:";...L> I';j ~L..:J I c! Y ~1...L> j..l..;:- J1

i ~l..aJ 1 c}Y J .r == 2 .5.j ~ ~I J r 2.5 k rn ~ Jy ~...L> ~l..aJ1 .:.>1 ~

(b

.)x~u-'>~ . -) I ...L> )ll lS~I :.r JA--)1 I .~I .) ~.Y'':'>~ III ,A ~I.)! <\J B ~I
.Y ..l..;:- }J .\J,)'u...J1
y2

x2

0.5625 - 8.4375
\ '=

2.5

y2

2.5 2

0.5625 - 8.4375 == 1

yJ ~'7.w4
.(2.5, - 0.99).Y' :w.l..aJ 1~ y.:.>i 0-

== 1

Y"'" -0 .99

,..~.lEJ , t;~ -0.99 c,/' Y ~

~UA~ G

,-:,,; i i f

~llS~ ~ J.,.,JI.:.>15 ~ ,~ I u-'> /' d ~ ~ ~ cJh...; ~~ 4.>.~ ( 5

I

-b ! x l) 1F 'I .\J,)L...

~1.9 ,"'-# ~I e:!' xlj

&

. ~~ ~ 80 4-.J ! ~

";.Jy. .:.>~ ~I I L....;.Y' .:.>15 b ! (SA

. (-100,0), (l00, 0) ~I ~.:.>L.u;; ':'> ~I ..:;...;15

,-:,,;i ":;"';15J '.:..d.Jj.;J1

~ j-.:>I)I ~I Jy e:!' ..:;...; 15 1';! ~I c} .Y' ~I...L> ! ~)

. (l00, O)lAl;l...L>j ~ I .\k.....J1.)j

(58

~ ~ ~ i ~ I~ '.,,~
. ~ L:.J I ~ .->-" 1 00.".)~ ~~}i l

j.. ~ , .)~ L.... JS' ..) .d~t..... olb.....ll ...\JI )I ~I ~L..a> ~ ..I.>

: .)~ L.... JS' ..) oI.:.bt..... olb.....ll...\JI)1~ 'o.$?rJ l ...j*-> ')I1~:i>

( 4 J ~)

(x

+ 4)2

(y + 1)2

24

(y + 2)2

(x

32

+ 5)2
25

(X 6)2

(y - 1)2

= 1 (22

15

10

38

(24

3x

= 1 (21

13
(y - 2)2

(x - 3)2

=1

=1

L25

(23

x2

3x 2

j5.r ,-?..i.JI...\JI)1 ~ I ".b t..... ~\

~ ~ oL....:..,. ~ o;lhJl c!'J ''0 )Y. ~ jl) lh..J1

'J-o\I I ~

y2

x2

~ ut.. . 225 -

81 =

1 .d ~ t.....

( l J ~) ~ ...\J \ ) \ F \

~..I.> ~ ~l:All oJy.:J1 ~ ,.. L.... ...\Jlj ~ JS' ;;j ~ t..... ..,...:5 1

( 2 J ~) : ? ~ o t.:.>.:... j.. y , ~L..a>

c: ~ ...\J \)\ F

~~

(b

0r- 40km ~ ~ :lkJJ\ dl.;.-J o;lhJI ..:..,.; t5 1 ~1

.0) lhJI cr ~ I..l:>-! ~ )\..; ' J)lh..J1
,-;-, " c.r...i.>-~

_ x 2 + 3y 2 -

.
..

.II!

..

"1

..
-

'

4-

9y2

4x 2

54y

19

16x 2 - 9y2 + 128x + 36y + 76 = 0 (12

.0..1.>J 14 0i 1rJl Jr.JI J y1 J , (-1,9), (-1, - 7 ) j\.;J.01 (13

. (11, 5), (-9,5) j \.; J;Jl y , (7, 5), (-5,5) jl.J) I (14

.y =

1 j5

: <f' cr,l\ w tL.i

{2x + \24 ,-;-, )lA:l \ lh>-y ' (9,7) , (- 17,7) 0 \.;).0\

(16

5; '-;-' J W,~..\.>- IJ , ( - 7 , 2 ) j5 rJ \

(17

) .r.J I J ' y = ~ x +

jl5I ~! (b

j5 rJl <f' ;; ...1....1...1 \ ,-,"",~\J

..:..> I..\.>-J 10 .Jy1 s Q;I 2'lA.J\

~J~\

.o..\.>- y 16 0i1rJI J.r.JI J y1y' (2, 10), (2, - 2) jL..I)\ (18

. (- 1, - 2) , (13, -2) ~ jL:; J;J ly

--=

=-=-=-~
!L ~ _ ~ _-_. (30
_ _ . -: ~ . (1O, 3V3)

(29

~I ~

v
(10, 8)

t ,-?j5rJ I ...j,)\>

(5, 7 )

__ J..._

- -8 -

- (- 3,

. _ ~ _ ~

v1c5)-

(S. l )

+--

- ---'
0 (0, 0)

'11 (19

~JL..u 4....~ (20

. ~ ;",..o ) .hh>...J y ~ 1
<-1')

.r-..,bt..... 0

'
.uK.:J1.-J ~ I

~'--

(11

.y = t x + ~ '-;-' J WI lh>-J , (- 1, 9) , (-I,3)jL..I)1 (15

.;; ..l..d.A.l Ij.;

-8 -

=0

( 3 J ~)

,-?j5rJI ...j) \> '11~ j l ,-,"",pi

c)ljl )J ~ <f' fl? ,-?..i.J1 ...\JI ) I
19. ,-?yL...;

j.; ~ ~J~ , 76 m

-~ 4-1---

+ 32x -

: .)~ L.... ut5 ..) olb.....ll ~L.a.;J 1 JA>.: 'o.$ ..i.J \ ...\JI)\ ~ \ ;;j~t..... ..,...:51

~...\J \)\ F \ ;;j ~ t..... W , 8mr c~ ,-,"", /' ~ LJ l5b! (a

...\J I) IF

.-J " ':" Y

~-

(9

. ~l rJ\ o)y:><-"J .,o>- ...\Jl j ~ jl )y ~

<

,32 m

(8

- 5x 2 + 2y2- 70x - 8y = 287 (10

(c

~J L..u 4....~ (28

<f' ~\.; ~ ~ j~\.) 1

- :.'

= 27
4x + 6y = 28

x 2 - 4 y 2 - 6x - 8y

.:lkJJ\ ~ ~ o;lhJl ~

.,..

(5

...\Jl j ~ )~ ~ ;;jJl1 c.~ if

(a

~y

I t)

c!' ,-?..i.JI F

--

= 12

~ 1 .~I~~ 1 3 ~ W. l (7

.:lkJJ1

",

2y 2

1 (3

. A ) lh..J1 <f' L",~ <f' 18 km) ~ ~jo B ) lh..J1

~J

L21 --

2y2 + 12x - 12y = 42 (25

'? \I I <f' l.+-> <-,IS 72km ~ ~A , B j\) .b..J1 ~ '.J' ~ (27

<f' 0)11 ~ jl5 L. 4.bJ ~ J . A '-;-' Y':" B )lh..J\ ~ ~

"jS

x
"9

- 14 - 1 (4

_ x 2 + 7' / + 24x + 70y = - 24 (26

(5 J~ )

J~ ) : ?~ ot.:.>.:...

(I

(a

.) o..\.>-J J5 ..:..,.;l5 b ! (b
jl..\.>-'11 . c .:..-.J I
'-?

\",.7 ...,1

'-'"'"/' ..l.-A.il W . 15 ft
( 3 J ~) ~ ~ I ~ ) ~

~a

= b lo~ .:r-i U

\ L? J~ \ X I)I F

\ ~ ' u Ul>:, (38

~ tk...J ~) u.raJ ~ t~ ~ <?)\ J..,. .J\ o\ ~

L??rJ l-.j')\.::>.:110i (/"..r. . ~ ~ I oJ.raJ1~ .J~L....JI ~l:5

.Vi r .:r-i U
oL"Jy' ~ lo ~ X lj &

I L?JL...:..o Xl j &

b l 4000ft~~ 1 ,U-; l5:.. J ~J ~ ~ l ~ (31

FI .J~L..... ~.J l; , 1100 ft/ sec...:.-.raJ1~ .r' o\) , 3 sec r

j-<J

.J-J')I J ..l..a.,. ~

.J~ L..... ~~l...:.- I#.......i...o l ~ l (39

t3'- L? jJ l ~~ \ XI )!

.c:bWI 0J.r--- J y,.J

L?)L..:..JIXI)I ~ I u~ (32
~J\..Q; lk:;.

~ lo~ ~U I

.,: bL..... ~ l:5 ~ a

:';4 \.-> ulS" .j . ...:bL..... .Lh.....J1 ~Ul F

1~ ~

. o 'C ~i ~ u~I XI)1 ~ I

(4-2 V"'J.u I)

(x - 8)

x2
64
(x - 2)2

16

+
+

(y - 2)2
81
(y

+ 5)2
49

=1

=1

(40

(41

(y + 5)2 _ 1 (42
36

80 f t /s ~ ~I~I ~.r-: ~~ s...i J o.? ..::...i.b , ':' UlJ ~ (43

r~l,;t ..w../>J~ I~,y ~ lA.;)0~~

2
(4-1 V"'J.u I) ' i ~ Iz = - 16t + 80t + 5

= b 3 ' J-..l,.o L.:...,

.J ~ L..... ~ I . ~ ~ I 0J.raJ1~

G,l,:. ~ y .JL.JI 0'>"'" J ~ , 3 .:l .a... .:. ~ "

lo~

F\ I.>.....~..J . ~ I.rJ I X I )! F

(33

1~ oX I) 1~I L.r"

.?TXl j~c:bWI J~ \r X\j~~\rJ\ J~\0 ~

x2

~.J 36

1/

"

- 64" = 1~\~~ 44:J ( a

'.
,
l x2
..
. "-"-' <.,,>'I..l>- ~I LS~I I ~ 64 - 36 = 1 F 1
lk>- '0L..\) 1' 0GJJ:l 1 : ~ L.r" ~1 ~ 0 J li ~ ( b
.,-:"JLA:.l1

~ oP\ ~ ../>J~ I ~,y t lA.;) ~i lo (a

LS~\J 1LS?io..r" ~~ ~..:...i } \ L.r" 0P\ J';':""; rS

( b

~ a,;... -.:...il1.; I L? jJ I

( 3-5 V"'J.u 1) .

e~ ~';4 \.-> ;j~L..... JS j.:.

tan ()

= sec () -

. ~ I ~ ~ ' ~ 4:J (d

. ~ \~\ u~X I) I ~I ~ L; Jy- ~ 0.J5 l ~ (e

1 (44

sin () + cos () = 0 (45

esc () - cot () = 0 (46

J~ I Jyb ~ 0~ X lj F~~ L..... ~1 . ~~ 41 t......

(34

' ~JJ:l 1 ~ ...,L,J I ~ L?.J~ c:bWI

. L;,h;"4
(X) 2- (Y)

S 2= 1 ~ ~

L:J~L.....1o .IX lj

~ 1Y' (47

~ ~ II '>"'" '-;" J \..Q;

J=:

4
4x
Y= Sx,y
= -S'

y =tx ,y = - t x

~ \ t-';.......i...o . rx 2

= - sy2 -

t 0\ ../>p i , >:~

=0
r =5

rs > 0 (b

rs

rs < 0 (d
1

y = 4" x , y = -4" x
1

y = S x, y = - S x

X I) ! ~ I ~L..a.>- L.r" ~ I ~ ! ~ \ ../> p

(35

' ~..r.~ c.~ I .J . .Jl>- J5 J e:'U I.f.J~1

(a
(C

' joJ~ (36

J=:- ,~ lrJ I J~ 1 ' c:bW IJ~ 1 ' ~Jy. ' .:.r:---iJ : ~':I I

~ j1f/..:>- f.y1 L:s/.l : ~ I I '>"'" .J ~ L..... ~ l:5 ~ J" ''-;'' J\..Q;

~ /~ f~

. p ~ 4 -J-"-:J F 1(0, 9),F2(0, - 9) oGJy' X lj &

,~

~ I . F 2 ,y P.l..: ~ ...:.-I..l>-.J 6 )~ F 1 ,y P.l..:-4~

. ~ ~ I ~ ~ XI)! ~ \

dJ .lL.....

(37

L....

Js' .) ;;~I ~ L.a.:>J1 ~ -.?lJl ~L;J I ~ I :i.b L... -.,...=SI

~ ~ L.a.> ~ ;;~ I ~~ I ~ I:r

: .j~

( 4-2 .,)"')...u l)

Js' jJ,)L...-.,...=S1

:t;;~ \ . ~.: >-..:.. ~ ~ '.j~

( 4- 1 V"')...u l)

. (7, - 3) , (-1, - 3) .:.> l;)j)IJ ' (9, - 3), (-3, - 3) ':'>L...\)\ (7

(1, 3) <Y'i) 1, (1, 5) ;;) j)1 (1

.u l..l>-.J 8 ~<:i l )~I J yb.J' (3, 1), (3, 7) .:.> l;) j)1 (8

(1, - 7) <Y'i) 1, (5, - 7) .; ) j)1 (2

.:.>wlrJl.:.> L..i)I J ' (1, - 1) , (1, - 13) ':'> L..i)1 (9

. (- 2, - 7) , (4, - 7 )

-0 0 o l;,)i~~\ci~ I~ll$ i IJ~~J~I (3

( 4 , 1 .,)"'J...u l ) ~?~ \ r <Y'i)1 if' O)j) \

.U \..l>- J 6 ~<:i I )~I J yb J 8, 5), (8, - 9) .:.>L..i) 1 (10

~--

30 m .Jyb ~l; & ~ J'-"""L.,:iS.r. I ~~ (11

( 4-2 .,)"'J...u I) . 0.681$j5 rJI ~)'w:. IJ

:1~

--~ - - -

--+-- _

-4

-? - 4 .9 _
T .. - 4

-' -

:.=..-:.._ L
8'

1--30 m---l

~ :iS
v

,... - 8

__-:.- 0

- -

4
8 12x 1
- - .-----..,---. - - - ~

_.: - 4 -

(a

y
- 4; 0

'(- 5, 4) ..

<i L.

II
. oSr.'" i f-' .rr

--~_.

~-

- - .

-i

L:><:i \ .i.hA.;..:..;\5 1)1 , cr:

-.a.! L;J1C-. 1., ; 11.hL...........:S1
( b

.
<

.:is.) I j5 .r"

'-.i'

~~ ~j5.r' ~)'w:. I ~~~ L.... l$ i ':~ ~ ~ J~ l

-4

-8

- ' -~ ~ -

(12

( 4-2 .,)"')...u1) ~ ol;,)i ~ ~ vt.......JI ~Ul

~1~~ ~ ~tJ K.& :i.b L...0 1 I ~ (4

J ,)i..u c!' ~~\ 6JU;.:.>i J' pl .ol;,)i ~I..) ~.rJ I
(4 1 .,)"') ..u1)

- IH

--c

_- 6

()

.-:.lLJI J'- 6JU;

6x

-4
' --!- _

- -8 -

-~

1 (

oA

2- 0

1 B

(4-3 V"'J...u I)

0 - 3)2
4

:~'J I.r.J Ij-J 1 J ...u1) 1~I ~ ~ j.:..-o

(x - 3)2

16

=1

x2

(14

81 -

0 + 7)2
81

=1

(13

: .j~ L.... Js' .) ;;~I ~L.a.:>JI ~ -.?lJl ...ul)1~1 ..bL...-.,...=S1

(4-3 V"') ...u1)

.u l..l>-.J 6 ~ lrJ \ )~ I J yb J (0, 5), (0, - 5) .:.>L..i) 1 (15

.u l..b J 4 ~ ~ I )~ I Jyb J (10, 0) , (-6, 0) ':'>l;)~ 1 (16

. (-1 4, 0), (14, 0) .:.>l;) j)IJ (- 11, 0) , (11, 0) ':'>L..i)\ (17

.d ..l>- J 10 e:klAJl )~ I JybJ (5, 7) , (5, - 9 ) .:.>l;)j)1 (18

:t;; ~ .j~ L.... J5 .) o.:.J ,)L... ;;~ \ ~L;J I ~1 ~

j.

(4-2 V"'J...u 1)
(x

+ 4)2
81

(x - 3)2
4

0 + 2)2
16

036

6)2

=1
=1

(5
(6

~t-J.J~.J ~~t t~t tt..~i ~~

Identifying Conic Sections and Rotations
IJ~~ ~~
.j ..,......:JI J .r": ~ I ~~ 0 1.,5 .JJJ,;
u t.;.;-W I '-'~ LJ:>".j ,~L;
~ ~ u l) ..\.4

&

t-~I':':iJlAA;""l:S G.......)J
;;..)~ I ~ ~J~I
. ~ l:-dJ 1

uK:. ~ l.>~ .ti u l.JL.. .j

o.Jy...,......:JI ;5r ~ ~ ,~I..i & Ji ~L;

&

&

Ji t}K.

.F
: o.J~ 1 ~ J:'J.J>..o &

0.iA> tY-~

t,?i "h L....

~ l.:5 ~ ~J~l t,wI1 ~"i~La..1~~1 ;;~I

I

~J .1':;Li.oi ~ A , B, C t,?JL..:; 'Y l.>i ~ ,A x 2 + Bxy + C y 2 + D x + Ey + F == 0

L .r-! I J L.sj ~}> Jk..::....~ ~~I .J~I.) j 0.J~ I

~4Y~ I1JJ
t.,b1J1 t "';

J..I.> i

.l,;:i:iJlAA VA ~~I

0=..)~1 u

l..)J J

~i

t.,.w ':':iJlAA ;""lAJ

. ~ I")J J ~ ~J~

WWW. obeikaneducation.com

:~ oLo...:..<-~J '~ I$.uI~J~I Fl tf ~1.>~ ~l:AJI .JraJ l ~ ~\' I ~~~I <f J5' ..,...:S1
16x

::..,.J.... ~ I ;UJ ~I 16x 2

J, -">J I ~

~~ I J L..S !-:>

__

25 y2

128x - 144

25 y 2 - 128x - 144

16(x - 8x
2

16(x - 8x

J.AlS~rA

+. )-

== 144 + 16(. )

25 y 2

25y 2 == 144

=F

25y 2 == 40 0

+ 16(16)

I_~

(x - 4)2 _

25

y2 == 1
16

.(4, 0) 0;5.r' ~ I ..i

x
2

+ 4 y2 -

+ 4y 2 (x

(x - 6x

& ~I

6x - 7 == 0 (b

6x - 7

6x )

+ 9) + 4y 2 = 7 + 9

(x _ 3)2
16

. (3, 0) 0;5.r ~L;

&

"h L....

~~

(x - h)2

a2

= 16

y2

+4 = 1

(y _ k)2
b2
== 1 0.J~ I ~

J:'J~I F tf ~~ ~ ,~~I o.J~ 1 ~ 4x 2 + y2 -

=0

+ 4y 2 == 7

(x - 3) 2 + 4y 2

(a

== 0

+ ]6) -

16(x - 4)2

=0

';-b~Il.>1 ~
~WA~ ~

16x + .8y - 4

==

~ "h ~1 0j
(l

.t;; ~ o~ uL:.J ,~ t,?iJ l

-----

:...l.>~\~ 010 J.)J:oJ~ \~Iti'~..\..>.j~

'4b.J~lt~lt'~'~~

xy ~t.?..iJ\..l>J\0~ L.~ . ~ L;iJ 1 o.JrJI ~ A X 2+ Bxy + C y 2+ Ox + Ey +F =0

4.J.)L...JJ ~ y J ~ \ ti' ~..l>..:l B2 - 4AC .r.~ 1 J~ \ ~ ,(B

"* 0) 0i t.?i I ~J~ Y

.A x 2 + Bxy + Cy 2 + Ox + Ey + F = 0

;"j,L....,.Jl ~

H-JI
wi..,s.:u

. b2 - 4ac~~~1

B2

4AC

B2

< 0, B
4AC

= 0, A = C
>0

B=O,~i~u~
11

J"

s:

!I

7x 2 - 6V3xy

+ 13 y 2 -

16

=0
~.J~t~l :aJ.:.La..t~

: ~L;iJ 1 o.JrJl ~ ~\.;$" 0J.) , .;~ l.->4.J.)L.... J5 ~ ,:?..iJ\ J' J~1

y2

+ 4x 2 -

3xy

+ 4x

- 5y - 8

1tf.)J.:..

=0

(a

= 4, B = - 3, C = 1
4(4)(1) = -7 <-? JL.;. ~I
A

.(- 3)2 -

. ~ L ~Jw 4.J .)~ 10~

,B"* 0

3x 2 - 6x

, ~ \ c/ /-oI~\ 0\jJ

+ 4y

- 5y2 + 2xy - 4 = 0 (b

..).;1..;

= 3, B = 2, C = -5

4(3)( -5)

= 64 t.?JL.;. ~ I

~ 1 0 ~ ,~I

c/.r.5'i ~10\j J

.2

4y2 - 8x

+ 6y

- 14

=0

= 0, B = 0, C = 4
4(0)(4) = 0 t.?JL.;. ~ \
A

.Q2 -

. t}~ ~ ~ 4.J.)~1 .:>~ , \~ t.?J~ ~\ ':>"'1 J

(c

~4.>A~ ~
:4.:--l.:-4J1J"...,JI J&-

~l:5' 0P , ~~ k. ~.bL..... JS' ~ -,sil l ~ J..;...JI F 1tf .)1.>

8y2 _6x 2+4xy-6x+2y -4=O(2A

+ 4x 2 -

3xy

2y

3 x 2 + 16x 12y

+ 9x

+ 2y 2 -

= a (28

- 3

= a (2(

IT-J~1 0~./JO "-!.JY"-" 0l:9 ~i Ji ~iJ .)oJ.f.-J 1~I':>~ L...w:....;i r

.~.J~ I t~' UIJ.J~

. xy..wl Jy ()-bAJlo..i.... ..:..}',)L..... L?~}' L...w:. ~.l.b J , ~I...l .>-)' I

2
Ax + Cy 2 + Ox + Ey + F = a

':>~J , ~IJ..>-)' I <.f-:Jy.-JJ 4.: ),yo .:>.,s:.;}' ~ L.J J ~ ..:..J.J,) 4):. J ~ t-tb L

cr' J..0I I..i....

..) JoL...::......

.~ ,)~ I..) xy ..wl . .~ lil ' 4.;IJJ ..01()-bAJ lo-4J .... W I oJ.r.a.J I..) B 1- a
2
A x + Bxy + Cy2 + Ox + Ey + F
..wl l..i.... 0..G.JJ

=a

~rJ\ JL.S~ 4.:-- l.:-4J1oJ.r.a.J1Jy .)oJ.. .h.....1\ ~I ~ ,)L..... 4.:l:S c:r<:....} x y ..w 10..i..>- 1~ !
..)0J.f.-JI ~I L? J~ <.f-:),yo ~ ~ ~I..l>- )' 1lT-J~ 1 ..r--'~ i ~

~\,; J-'" \1\ .\hi; ~ t::':"',yo r L.S o4--~ 4.: J I.J. .:> L;I..l>-)' 1':>I J~I J .J ..l: L...w:.
..).)0J.f.-JI ~I ~,)~ ..... WI oJ.r.a.J1~~ ~ J x', y' W ':> I..l:~ ':>IJY"-" J-.~J

x 'y ' ..l:~ 1 JI..l>-)' I LS~ I

A(x')2 + C(y ') 2 + Ox' + Ey' + F = a

x y LS~..) P(x, y) .i.h.i:J1<.f-:~; ..:.. L; ~ JIA.:..;.}' ..:..l.J1 ~ L.>- JL........:....I ~
. x 'y ' LS~ I..) P(x ', y ' ) .i.h.i:JI J
y P(x, y) = P(x', y')

:.:> i b.-}' JJ~I PNO..:..LJI ..)

. OP = r , ON =

X,

PN = y , mLNOP = a

+ ()

: ~'J' 1 ":" L.i )t..J 1 ') 1 J-"''pi ~ PNO JL........:....~ ~

~'"

'"

~L4;J I~ ~

':"~ j lj t~ ~L4;J ' ~ ~U4.

~I""""
~" jt~~, ~U4.

J-"''p ~ OP = r , OQ =
i

.:> i ~

= r cos (a + ()
= r cos a cos () -

r sin a sin ()

= r sin (a + ()
= r sin a cos () + r cos a

sin ()

PQ = y', mLQOP = a ~ ,POQ 4.: J I) 1~L;jl ..:..LJ I JL........:....~ J

~U I ":,, L;,)W I..) ~y.:.J~ J . x' = r cos a , s' = r s in a ~')WI .)1
X',

y = y' cos ()+ x' sin ()

= x' cos () -

y ' sin ()

~.J~I t~1 J.JL>.A WIJ.J~

~ Ax 2 + Bxy

+ Cy2 + D x + Ey + F = 0 A.l~Ls...J1 ,,-!L:iS D~~ !~

A (x ') 2 + C(y')2 + Dx ' + Ey' + F = 0 DJ~I ok xy .s~ 1

WIJ~..u1 ~ J~~ ..ll~~ , () ~~ WIJ~~ ",=~I'>:> , x 'y ' .s~ ' ~

-~I
~

:'

y = X ' sin 0 + Y , cos 0 , x

= X ' cos ()-

y' sin ()

x 'y ' i.S~~ "aIJW ~~

U~.i>. ~ ,x' y'-s..f--'J 1J 4x 2+ 6xy+ 4y2 -35= 0 ';.h l-ll ~~I;;J,ra.l1 ~\.:SJ ()= : ~I
.~~iJlJ'J~I~1

. x , Y c;J~ L.... ~)
y

= x' sin () + y' cos ()

=

. 7t

vlz x' + vlz y '

2

S In "::j"

V2

T'

rr
CllS-:j

= x' cos () -

y' sin ()

- 35 = 0

6xy

0 'Jjl..u1~JIj

~ -..J ~..uu,

.LU>J

,o, b.

~~ I Ji x' ~~ I U i
.JJ'-J I t:'~ 1 ~ U~ v'

<.S~ I>iJ..G ~ ~
ui ~ 123 o\.:" i J5:..:'JI ~
33 WI~J ..u\

.x ' y ' .J=~~ \ , """"

. ~"j I';'bL....J\JuPY

()

~I <';JIj.l I:,:rO'

viz , viz,
=T x - T Y

V2

=T

';'1).J.J.l I~lj

~jlj ~

,,

11

,'x'

4[2(x')2 - 4x'y'
4

+ 2(y')2 ]

6[2(x') 2 2(y')2 ]
4

4[2(x' )2 + 4x 'y '

4

+ 2(y ') 2]
-

35 = 0

2(X' )2 4x'y' + 2(y' )2 + 3(x')2 - 3(y')2 + 2(x')2 + 4x 'y' + 2(y' )2 35 = 0

7(X')2 + (y' )2 = 35
(x') 2

(y') 2

- 5 + 35 = 1
x'y ' LS.f---"

J.J ~ \;J \ o)..raJ I) .~ \..; ~ -} )~I ~I 0;0

.
.
.) ) ~ \ j-U\...;

(x ' )2

( y ') 2

w S- + 35 =

1 </'

~iJ.4~ ~

. x'y ' LS..f--'J1 J 7x

+ 4V3xy + 3y 2 60 = 0 ';.bl-ll

~~I o)..raJ1~\.:SJ () = i ~1 ~
3

.~ ,-?iJl-})~I ~ \ U~..b- ~

------

~;U~L......J I~~ !~.u!-!l ,e~~ Ll I.J~~~~~ X ' Y ' t.S~ I~~~~ ;U~laA~ I~ !
: ~~ ILlI.J~ ...uI ~ J ~ l,JXY t.S~ 1

X'

= x cos e + Y sin e, y ' = y cos e -

x sin e

xYl.S~ ~ 'aJ.)w ~L:4S

-.:....ilS'I,)~ .~u~r~J~~l.;&~..i>\; ..;JI J~.,-J I..rJ )J~I~

.

-1:.J1~I . ~I

r.f
- ~.

_<'"

(x ')

- 1..lA "-'.)'-'Ul ~ . . ' - 3 61

') 2
+ -(y18=

"

1 <f'
_ x

._ . I

I.S,.,:.-...I r.f
_

600

1 ..

L;a~
~I

<\oi1 .)J') ~ o:.J "-'~'-'Ul

,

. xy 1.Sr-J1
60'

'-;.l 1.MJ ' ~ IJ"";I"'J-'" ~

..,..w ~ L..ill

' '-'"~ I ..,..w ~

-d..c~ IW .:l lj l~...,.:J1

y' = y cos e - x sin e

= y cos 60 -

x'

x sin 60

fl = 60'

s in liD

= x cos e + y sin e
= x cos 60

= t, cos 60 =

+ Y sin 60

v:
. ~ \11"-b~ l.j ~I o..l", <.J"" j.Y
( y ') 2

(x' )2

+ 2V3x,:! + 3y 2
4

= 1

(x') 2 + 2(y ,)2

= 36

+ 2 (y - 2V3X

(.\.+ 2..[3y
x

36 + 18

2l - 4V3xy + 6x 2
4

7x 2 -

2V3xy + 5y 2
4

7x
7x

. 7x

2
-

2V3xy

2'1/3xy

+ 5y 2

= 36

= 36
= 36

= 144

+ 5.!/ - 144 = 0

2V3xy + 5y 2 - 144 = 0 : ~ x y LS~ I .j ~ 1:.J1

I "-bL....

,I

~WA~ ~

,(xl'

+ 4 (y ' ) 2 -

40 ~ 0.;- x'y' '-'-"-""'; 30 0 IJ J' .c., . rrJ l ~, L... c..; 1S bJ (4

0

. xy LS~ I <../..r.rJ1 ~.b L.... ~ L;

-

~ ~~ xy -s,,:.--J\ J ~~ ~ jSJ ~J.;...JI F1.\hw ~I

( 4 J~) : () 4.;JI)IJ x' y' -S,,:.--JI J .~\ . .: hw
(X')2 + 3(y')2 = 8; () =
(x') 2

25 -

(y')2

225

1tf,,)~

J: ~~ ~ ;;J,,)w JS ~\

~ , ~~I JraJ l

(1 J~)

: ~ .L:.>..:...

J:.- J ,.J.:...; ,:?.iJ1 ~ J.;...JI

x 2 + 4y2 - 6x + 16y - 11 = 0 (1

(19

= 1 ; e= 4

(20

x 2 + y 2 + 12x - 8y + 36

=0

(2

(21

9y 2 - 16x 2 - 18y - 64x - 199

=0

(3

= 45

(22

6y 2 - 24y + 28 - x

=0

(4

11

(x') 2 _ (y ')2 = L: () =

36

'

(x')2 = 8y '; ()

~L:5 \.)J") , ~~ ~ ;;J,,)w JS.J.:...; ,:?.iJ1 ~J.;...JI

(2J~)

4x'

= ( y') 2 ; () = 30

(x')2 _ (y')2 =

64

16

(24

4x 2

1 . () = 450 (25

5y 2 = 2x

(x')2 = 5y ' ; ()

F\ t.y,,)l:..

.~t.;JI.JraJl~

= 9x -

5y

+ 6y -

8 + 3x 2 (6

8x 2 + 8y2 + 16x + 24

=~

(26

4x 2

=0

(7

= 8x + 2

(8

= 2x + 4y

(9

6y

4x 2 - 3y2 + 8xy - 12

12 (5

5xy - 3x 2 + 6y2 + 12y

= 18

(10

16xy + 8x 2 + 8y2 - 18x + 8y

= 13

(11

o ;l1 J L. ~ ~\.) Iy;hJ Iv"'Y f..l.>-l<J I..JI.>:-b (12

.\b lA..j1 J.9 s if .J~ ~ ,o..l.>-Iy .J y J)\;>. ~ \..i..;
")~"l\,,,:,,>,,) J,;,... ..c; .J ,24x 2 + 1000 y - 31680x - 45600 = 0
(2J~) ., I..c;""J' l
(28

~I ~ ,0 } Lk.J 1JL. ~ ,-?iJl

F 1~ ~,,) J,;,...

(a

. ~t.;J\ oJraJ l ~ ",:bw

c)\ ~"l l .\,;L..JI W

,x

= O.,l.;.;. ,,)y--aJ~ o }Lk.Jld..lc bl

(b

~ 41.r.J" 4:~,)1~,,)y-.o 4: 1..lc ,J' ~

~oJ'; Lk.J \ .Jl ~ t.L..;;) ~1 L. ( c

J ~1.: ~ ;;J,,)w jSJ ~t.;JI .JraJl ~l:SJ .~I (J ~ ~1

(3 J~)

:.J.:...; ..,:JI ~J.;...J \

F\ tf,,)J,;,... ~ ,x 'y' -s,,:.--JI

x 2 _ y 2 = 9; () = ~ (13

(29

xy = -8; () = 45
x2

8y = 0;

o= --

2x 2 + 2y 2 = 8; () =

(14
(15
(16

y2 + 8x = 0; o= 30 (17
0

X2+

y 2 _ 8x - 4y = - 4 (a
2
9x - 16y 2 - 72x + 64y = 64 (b
9x 2 + 16y2 = 72x + 64y - 64 (c

4x 2

+ 9y 2 =

36; () = 300 (18

. Q,J~ ~ )L Ml> ~ CL.a.-. .r" ~ '''~

2
. 3y 2 - 2y - 4x + 2x - 8

JSlj c6Lr ~ ~};.J~~ ~d ~PI l ~

.

_ y2

x2
<.f--')}JI,J ~ \) I Lr ) l5 ~ JI . 225 - 400
~

a- d if

.;j .) ~1 ul.:. ~ 'JSI)1~ '-:"'.J lA.:.I l Jo>- ~b L,... ,J

~ \.A k. ul5'J

d .)L,...

2
47.25x - 9y2

o~ 1 ..,.a:;UI ~I ~L..:o..> .)..!.:..

( 4-2 ..,..,J..LI1)
y2

(30

~ ~ 1.;j .) ~1 e 31 -34 ~.J L...:.J I J .;jl> J5' ..:r.: .}.L;

(4-3 ..,...)..LI 1) . ~ ~

J..

l .;j.)L,... .:..>1 ~ p

. ~ ~ o~ ~J 'F 1 tf.).:i>

(40

= 1 d .)L,...

= 0 c..?" F

25x

+ 100y2 -

+ 18y + 33.525 = 0

(a

+ 45700 = 0

(b

=0

(c

1900x - 2200y
2
16x - 90x

:GL... . l:.>..:...
x

x2

+ y2-

+Y-

0.25

18x - 30y - 14094 = 0 (d

18 + 9 = 1 (41
4x 2

+ 8y 2 = 32

(42

2
x + 25y 2 - 8x + 100y + 91 = 0 (43

J L......J ! t.? .)r-" ~ J~ U;LA ~y . U~ t-:i l (33

~I.J,J .) .J~ .) v..b.J\l IJ ~I jS.r ~ dj~ ,-:",) 1 ~ (44

-.,.....:51.J.:-> 0 r-L 94.9 t.? J L:..9 dj~ ~I lot .J,.. 0.". ).. 91.8
I

) ..wl jS.r" 01.J~ ~

( 4-2 ..,...)..LI I)

~I J .J>' v..b.J\l 1)

. 0~ 1 .JY"-"

oM

. 4-lS) ~ ~}:ll if \ ...G o~ tLi;) .-a....=. l:-J (34

u~ .;j.)L,...

~ ~ ~I 01J '-.J-..> \I I ~

,(3, -2) ~ L; ~ jS /.:..>1~p i I ~..).J.a:i..e u~ " (35

. N (3, - 4) ~ l rJl ~I)I J..>.I,J ,M ( -1, -2) ",=-"I.J J..>.I
J

(2-4 ..,...)..LI I)

J5' J>
log 4 8n + log4 (n - 1) = 2 (45
log 9 9p + log, (p + 8) = 2 (46
:~r.':;:/~ I -:r.J.) ~ I i f ~.b W

. ~ U I F I .;j.)~ ~ ~ l o.JraJ l ~} .~ (a
o.JraJIJ! a ~ I .).;j .) ~IJ~ I~~ ( b
2
. Ax + Bxy + Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0

.CL...
\.,o \\ .;j.)L,... ...rI: , WLu
. .. ~' U I c-_. (c
.;j .) ~1 e-; l5 I~ ! 1o .).J..,.. I ~~ 4: ~ ! j~ JI';'" (47
o."Sb ) b K. ~ ~ 3x 2 + 6xy + 3y2 - 4x + 5y = 12
. ~~ I o.J,raJ1~ ~l:S 0,J.) d.:Jslj ~ JI ~ L; ~ )

~ ",--, t .J b L.~ ~ c;JI .;j .)~ l lo 1 ..)~ OA j~ 1

~ (0, 6) ~~ /,,:,J' (2 , 2) ~I
Y = x 2 - 4x + 6 A

' ~~ .j I .JJ.u I ~U I ~I .;j .) L,... J.. I ~~

(e

(48

~ci .r-''I.;

~ ./-....A.:..- ')I x 2 + Y 2 = r 2 0.r-I.ul ~

. . .:. >1~
'

, .....,..;j

Y = x2 + 4x - 6

..:..>I.J,J')

x 2 - 4x

+6

.,1 , ~ I .) ~ ~'1 1 0.J~I e-;l5I~ ! 1o .).J..,.. ' '>:~

- 6

=Y=Y

.;j .) ~ ~~ I o)..r~.J 1 ~ L:.SJ () = 45 ~ I ~ (d

. x 'y ' LS~ I ci (b) .) ~~) c;J 1 ~ U I F 1

+ 4x

."oj b F 1 0~ ,A

(36

(37

I~ I ~ ~,JI , lS~i~

= C 0~,J , ~t.J F1 0~ lo ~ "

o.JraJl ~ .;j.)w

~\

~~

aJL.... (38

':"> .r~ ~ , Ax + Bx y + C y 2 + D x + Ey + F
.b K. l..k

.;j .) ~I~.J ,A

= 0

= 9C

c}UJ 1 0~ ~ ..j )~ ')II,J "-:-'JI ~) -.,.....:51 I ~l (39

. ~ ')I.) L,... ,J ~,J~ I

~L::JI-\--wl,ji.;5.i; . u)lW\~<i )l l J \J.)~)lJ'~ ~ u)l.)L.,.., 0./""-;.b!~ 1 ~l u)l .)L.,..,

~ , t;;~ "-;.bJ';""
u)l.)L.,.., ~ u)l .)L.,.., 6w..k.;i j>J 4Jk..:...1~J .k JI J .) r'"; TI-nspire
. y ;,j)l~ JIJ..ll1 <.r' & 0.J.J-'" .).Y J\J') ~)I -;1\ u )I.)W\ ~t5 ~ J i

uw

~
. ~'J.:lW
_ Lu
_. ~
_
~

, 1
,. ll.:.j V

: 9~ .;'l lu)l.)W I rUi; j..,

X

+ y 2 = 13

xy + 6 = O

.Y ;,j )l~ ;,j.)L.,.., J5 ~1 . 1 3~t

Y = VB- x 2 , y = - V13 - x 2 , Y = _!2
x

~l,; <.r'

intersection

oj:-' ~ I

. 3 3~ 1

8 7: Points & Lines

'C:l.J')I \ cblA:J\.k\..i;

(- 3, 2), (- 2, 3), (2, - 3), (3, - 2) :0./" J.".L-J\

. 0-J..Jl4i
:o?

<.r' ~ r: ,-;>;i J l ~~ ,;L.. ~ u)l.)L.,.., rUi; J5 t;;~

x = 2 + Y (3
x 2 + y2

= 100

=- 1- x
4 + x = 0J - If
y

49 =

+ x2

xy = 2 ( 1

(2

x =1

=9 x2 = 10 -

(6

y2

4,; ..r.i: ,
J

~
~

4,; .iJ

~ .

x2 -

3x 2 ( 5

y2

25 - 4x 2

2y 2

=3

= y2

(4

2x+y+l =0

.."...::.;.i\ J .. ; L>- , r ':;"'"

cr> :
cs"" .r" t..? C . L?...I

~ ..I

j.>

r- :

.J.>.:i

(7

<.r' J.A....oi i'p l 4,;.J- 6..>L." J ,468 ft 2 0./" ~ jJJ ~I 6..>~\ i ./':'
. 180 ft 2 )~ ~ 14,;.J- 6..>L."
. ~ rJ l l~

u \..:6-- ~~; u)l.)L.,.., <.r'

~ \.li; ~\ ( a

.;j.J- J5 J,,1.J.::u j ~ u)l .)WI i\.li; j.. ( b

~ L. .....A.....::> J ~ ;'.A.9J . TI- nspi re ~L::J\ -\--W\ Jk..:...~..:l.l.i5~I ~ u ~ ~ \

6w..k.;i ~ ~
.L:;~ ~\ .r.? u l.:..:W I ~ ~ ..;i

.Jl~1
~Y I~W I~ I

J~ '7':!~ TI-nspire

':'l.<:>~..,.:'~,laA ~i

.A.....b>
- ~.

~ .~u~~r-~J>

: ~ .j~ I..:.>~~1 rlli; J,>

X2

+ y2 :s; 36

Y
. y ;j '1 ~ ~ ~ J5 01

Y > x 2, y :5 "';'36- - X-=2, Y 2: -V36

lit 6 . 67

.,..

EIJ;.1'!GiClkNiD ; r
,.,

~ .hA....iJ~ L-WI ~I
i"7"m;m'F..:i:.;;;~;:;nj ;; r lk.\ I ~ U I :.r' .;.>-1

.
J

c.l:...i... ~.hA....iJ~ ..:lJ).J ,y

4.>

5:>

n L. 1

".

, 1 :;~I

. 2 :;~ ,

\kJ\ ~ UI :.r' .;.>- \

> x 2 oJ.J'}'! ~~101 , H~ '

-> ~ 'r+-"\1\ ~ > 0:t?\ j.-'.J.;.>-I ~ ,8

3:=

I..

>0

x2

.8

i' !.

2
X

JJ l>..4J 1 ~....:;

.h..o\ ~ ,~~\ ~\;5 J-Si

"""" WI~J"":;~

.:.r-; Y J~ ~ >?w:.J 1
s sr x-

~J '

(-6.67,6.67)

\?~ \~ \~

'0

I~. .hA....iJL. y:5 V 36 - x 2

C.l:..W1<...S"""

'0

:5 0:L:J1j.-'.J.;.>-I ~

~ I f2(x) ...b
. l.o.4ll

'-...;L:J
I ~- U
I ~I

~ ~~~f 2(x)=7

,CD c.l:..W1- G

~ '~j ,8rw..

..

.h..o\ - ~~\ ~\;5 J-Si ,y:5 ~ 'r+-"\11

y 2: ~~\ ~.J

c.l.:.4J I ~ h....:J1~ ,

uL:lbJ I 6.ih.:... ..,?' j>JI 6.ih.:... 0 ~ , -

V36 -

x2

.!J?

~ I~J"":; ......:J

. 7 ..uJ \ ~ y

~J4:.>I~~
YMax: = 10

:~~\ ~.hA....iJ~ ~ ,-?i

8 DJ~iiiiiiii
1
Gx
880v36- x
CD 2: -V36 - x
2

.Y = V36 - x 2 ~.. 9 ' Y = X 2 J j J}kJ1 k .b- '1

~ I ..,?'.J 'j).k;J1.b1..J c:k~ .y ~UI ~I..,?' j>J1 ~ 0)
rl1.J \ ~ . )\ .bW I ~ '-?~ .)1

x 2 + y2 :5 36
2

Y- x > 0

1~
...J l...:i

:6- L-. "!'-'L_W. ..:.> l.:..\..::...

~ 1_
- . illi; u...r

+ 4y 2 :5 32
2
4x + y2:5 32
x2

( 10

y+5

2:

9y2:5 36 + x 2

(9

2y 2 :5 32 - 2 x 2 (8
X

+ 4 2: y2

~~tu'J~~t

Parametric Equations
ij~\~Wr
~j

.4.LJ \ o

y.. W \.; j ~ \ -::.> IJL.... $...:.1 ~.rJ' J \j .l.JI ~ \..w

'-:"' \....;.. j \.;bU." ..l.;~y W \.; j ~ \ JL....

$...:.1 ~\ ~}\

ASy>J 1~

---

. ~~ J I-, ~ J ~ L,>

-::.>'J,)L....JI J ~ I
.~

J -::.>~ ,-;-,l.:SJ I Ii..>J

~~lI ':'~~La...JI~i

c.:..L..w

u'"J ~ t-.U ~~ I J:!.4'J I

o. X , y J-~ w b ;;J ,)L..... ~ xy LS~\
I

~- " I

-~ ..!.L ~ c.r"J.l.J\ \i..> -c) l"i

;;j;\.:.J1 w ~ \ .t..,... 'J .-.:.J 0 ~ J
. \.* \ c)

er-J,)L..... J ~ ~ w~\ oi..> ~

80

. ~\l I ;;j LJJ ;;J b 0JrP ~ ~i)\ ;;jLJI4.5o.3 ~\ ~ ~

1-t--"--'-j-- ' --j-l--'---r-1

- 160

J 120

; ~ 60 I-+A'--~+-;

;~

.3 40

.~

.J
S

20

30

60

90

120 150

80

40

I i :

t-E

~ 4-

-+--H '7,

=R;h
'/ I
Vi
Vi i

80 I-+--,....~c+-+--r --t--+- I

- r

; ~ 60

.3

hf---+-+-+- ',

I
I

o
3

(5) 0Aj-l1

\IIww.obeikaned ucationo.com

4.5.1~1

~ \ ~I ~~ I-::.>'J,)L....JI j..; .9;iy ~iJ ~\ ~r d' --,~

~..)~.l

x = 30V2t

Y = - 2;Sx

y = - 16t 2 + 30V2t

"J.llaA

+ x + 40

+ 40

80
r---:'---'--::"=

; ~ 60

.3

.J 40
S

20 t--+ -+-t-+

o -...- , --,--"---,-...J......;'---'---'-Ir'

~;11 ~'"J.l'-11

(f(t)g(
t) "-U

,
.. J "

I ' ~'~ ~ u' ~

_c ~"
. , I ;;.r-r

\:: 3-)

l~t_
~ C. I ''' . , CI ._ CA .Cl b g J ! w.:. LSI ~1..
~ ':T" u--::--- u-::

: 0 LJ ~ ~ 1 ' ~J ~ ~

=!

(t ),

o. ~y ' ;;~I I J ~"JI~I

= g (t)

t~

parametric curve

~}I.:.-'J,)UI J~\~...J . .u,,~ J)\.1!~..:...~ L.... \~ ? ~'J,)L..... y o)\.yi ~LJ \ w;\.;....:J\ ~

: 4.5.3 ~I c)

parameter

~yl~ 1

(5) 0Aj-l1

4.5.2~1

~y l~ 1

orientation

L-L.-'--~......l-...l..-'....l.i.-....;...J

~yl'-'~~I

parametric equation

~1 t>~1

40 r-+-t- +-t-+--+

.J
E 20

( m) ~ ~ I ~ W I
4 .5 .3~t

o..:.~-,~I

~ -.j ~ l,,~ .;~ L.... ~ d.:>-L; ~ J5 ~ ,oL;,)i

' if ) \ J ;;J b 0J.f..c> J>- ~\l1 ;;j~ \ 4 .5.2 ~\ ~J 'if) \ J ;;J1..l5 ~i)\ ;;jLJI4.5 o.1 ~\ ~

.~ ~
AS~ ~ J.lL....o ~ i

, ~ I I~ 0~J 0 LJ ~ 1..aA ~

~.Ju'i~w A1'i~u~~

: ";~ k. JS -i .~I .~I ~ ~} I ~.)~4 ~1 ~1 l.:-: u~

= t 2 + 5; Y = f + 4; -4 ::;; t ::;; 4
t ~ ~y:, ~ ~U I (x, y) u L;I..l>-! l.:: j. ~ ,-4 ::;; t ::;; 4 or-JI <-i t ~ ~ lY' 'ij~ 0.J5
. ~
.bLi.:J1~ uk> ' ~)I ~.)L.......l 1 <-i
.x

-L

- Y"

-~
1=2 I~-

f--j

4 t =0 -

-2

. ' -.;-'
- . _t = - 2 ~

,
-L....

~.-l1 = -4

y- ~ -

--1
t= 8

1=0 -

--,-....

~_I

2 - t 1= -4 .. :
I

, '

t =-8

4 - ~'1

11-. -.l8 ~ x

Q __
6

. 8 J ! - 8 lY'

J I.J.)J,:...:i'i':'~
u:>"L..4!IJ~I~

U~~~.,JI

Ix I y

-4

21

4.5

-3

14

2.5

-2

14

5.5

-1

3.5

21

I x I !I
-8

Ix

I !I

4.5

-6 _ 1 ~ ,
1-4

Ix I y

(a

21

- 6

14

2.5

-4

14

5.5

-2

3.5

21

~ :>' 4:~1 ~J""

.1 J~ ~ l..s j l.J'

t A L.,~ ~1 .~IJ ! ~ I <-i r+-" ~ I ~

~~~ ~

x= t , y=2t + 3;-1O ::;;t ::;;1O OR

x =3t,y = vt+ 6; O::;;t::;;8 0 A

II

~1 ~-,:->- )I..j)\:>'~1 0 ~j ,1 JL:....} L..5 ' ~ ~j ~.)~ ........;.;~ \ ~~

.bLi.:J 1~ ~ Li,Y

b ~I

<-i ~1 lY' t,ri ~ a ~I <-i ~I ~ ~I ~~ ! , ~ .r" <-i

. ~y.:J\ ~~ ~) I ~ I..j~ ~J ~..ul oJraJIJ! ~) I u~ .)L.......l 1J:y.; ~ ,~I..l; ..I.><.:J

' ~J ~..u I .J ."...aJ 4 y

= t 2 + 2, x = 3t

1 ~)I ~.)L.......l1 ~1

~"r I~ I"'~
' .b:-.,J I ~ I ~ ;u.. ....:..0

= 3t

U:>',L..4!I J:>~ ~jj

.JJ-->lI ~ ! ~.,J1

<f i J.o-..J0i ~ ' '-=-'J ~.u l

' ~.,J I ~ , L..4! I U-

~~ ,t""""'~j
4.h L..4!I """ ~~1

~'""'~
3 .... . .

<5~'--:! 1

~~I

AJ.:lI.a.41t A:!JJ~..1t, ;;~, J~

. J~ I~~." ,~~ Ij..~ ' ~J~..u loJ.,..aJ ~X= ~ , y= t~l ~} I~~l-l I...,...:S 1

IJ

= _1_

...J ,"i I4.!,l.....! 1

Vi
Vi = 1x

~L.~WI

+1

= - t

.L2 + 1
x

x2
x2

.bA.; ....;;.... ~\ 0~ , y =

+1
~

+ 1 </' ~J~..ul 0 J ~\ ~i (J' ~) \ Js

~ I J ~ W-, . t > 0 L. .Do .bA.;;;j T" x = ~ 0\1 ,..~.lh-, d > O.Do
X

vt

Ix I x> OJ r

0~ ~Jl5::..u \ ;;. bl-ll J ~ 0~

~4Y'~ ~

. J ~I ~ .J. >.-' , ~ ~\ y.. ~ , ~Jl5::JJ \ oJ~~ v ~ + , X = vt + 4 ~~

.()y.. ..-uI.J ~}I ...bW I .j ~} 1~1 0~ 0i~

(0) A:Jlj ~~,~, .)~ lA~ ~J~..1t1 ;;~I

. ? ~ ~I j.. ~ '~J~..u \.J~~Y = 4sin

O,X =

2 cos O~}I~~l-lI...,...:Sl

.~ ~lk.. ~I sin (), cos

x = 2 cos ()
x
2

= cos ()

() -:! ~4 ~.>W \ ~
y

s in O. CUSJ <..,...-:JL.j.>..J1

= 4 sin ()

JL = sin ()
4

sin 2 () + cos 2
sin H =

f.

.;."i,L....o.;.~~..L..c

()

=1

~W IJ~~~J
t~ I~ ,~~ 1

OJ""'!
C05 (J

=f

~~ I.j ~ J)JI.:>l5 b ! ,~ }1 ..::.,,"h LuJI,J" ;51.)1~,J:?:-.) j J~L ~ ~ I ~.) ~

, ~ I ~ r+"~ .~)l 1 J ! )~.) '.k:--} I -,~ I ~ J ) \>- ,J" ~~I.j J)J I~.) ,~ ) .~)l I .) i
~l::J1 ~t J~':"" ~-'

=x2 -

,y

4 ~)ts:.;..u l.\J.:>LuJ \

u'J ~1..aA

~L:S

.:>~~.) .:r-:J.:>w ~l::5:J ,.;'4 L..,., JS ..) ~} I ~ I ~I

:. L:>..;)l
iJ .is..r-'II ~.J" GL..
' - ' Ii u l. t'~
,
. -. ~
t

(a

4 ':>L.:.A.--}I':>L:J.:>LuJ I ':>~

~ \ Jl~ lt:" ~'"

t ~x

+1

\J~4~ \

1- 1
= - 4

. ~ ':t I :U . L...JI "" .\ ~~

Y,

-_{t-41)2_4

(b

[2
[
63
16
8
16
63 .:>L:..k....... II .:>L:J.:>LuJ\.:> c-~
16 - - y
.Y"'"'"

:=--- -

= l.=..l
y = - L 4'
16
8

t
4 - 4t

= 1- '4X

40 2

= (4 -

32t

+ 12

~! )L..:... Y' ~ . ~)l1 ~i .a J

+ 12.:>L.:.A.--} 1':> L:J .:> LuJI':>~

4:-- ~.r,5i b ~~ \ .:> \ .b--)I

' r+" .'l ~

=4 -

4t , Y

= 16t 2 -

32t

(C

=x
= 16t 2 -

,x

~~~ ~

,x

=6 -

y2 ~)ts:.;..ul.\J.:>LuJ I .:>~ ~J .:r-:J.:>w ~l::5:J J~ L..,., JS ..).k:--}I ~I ~I

:.L:>..;)l
iJ ~.r-'1\ ~.J" GL..
'- '.. II t.r"
I', '

.
.. -, ~
t'

t = 3x ( 58

t = 4 - 2x (5C

t = x + 1 ( 5A

-----'

J .)..iA.. ) L. u~ ~....J ' ''::''>~J.JkJ\ C ';> ol5l>v,.j ~ .:>~ ~} I ..::..>)I.:>LuJI ~ , .:.~-,.:u..I1 as

:~':ll ~}1 .:r-:J .:>LuJ~ ..i 'l l t: WLi .d- ~.)Ij ~

~J lj ~ ~

va ~1~ 1

~ 4I::..J-"*'! ~ ~~ I~ !

: w~ ,~'~ 1 t-'" 0 W~ ~
I

:t v. sill 0 - .Lg F + /'.

I

Y=

~~ I .;"'"

~-..I-,~ \ ~" I
:U . L...J \~~~ I-, , x = t

r+" \'1 ~ W" , ~~ I ).) ~I';L:-:JI

= i , Y = t2 -

t = 4x

u-

J t..w....4-, . x = t J t..w.... \
:U. L...J 1W.,s:.:;

Y =x - 4
=t2 - 4

. ~~ I '-l . L...J I ~ x_~~

,~I ...:A..., ~ I

~J~...J \ ;J~ l

~ ~" l 'J~ I-..I !

L,.L>:t l l JJ L...lI

~I ~ t ~ ~J ' x

=x

~" I~~'--lIJ~ 1

:uA.... J:>~~...-b J+-. i

t Va s in

= t Va cos 0

0 - ~gt 2

+ ho

<I_~":il ~l.t....4J1

~iyl ~l.t....4J1

, ~ I ~ ~ 1 tLi:i.)~111o ,v.o jJ l t , ~}i l ~~~I':""'L:. 9 ~

, 24 ftls L)..u... ~ I~ I 4s- ~ ~ .r' .,$JI J..w ,a.JI .?..}.rJl ..:;.,4.r"J1~ J I.,; ~-l~ 14..L..:; jS

~ t..\A;)J ' 13ft..ra.JI6..Qb.J ~L.~ I ;;jl>J 1Jo~~ ~~I ;;jL-l I .~~ I~ 53 ~ ~J I~J
.i.s u 6..Qb.J1.;WJ . 1 0 ft ,-,"" -l~ I ~

a.J1

oh.:r G-Ll> J I.,; j ~ ~ ' 1..).o-l~ 1 ~4.75fto~ t..\A;) .:,,151~~

~ ~ )I

.-....iiyJ l t:" Y- )~ \")

W
2 ft
------ -- t

4.75 ft

24 ft/s

53"

\I

- 1 3 ft - f

llA.; )':"l5 L...l:.Y .?JI ~

c;J1 ~~ I 4,;L.JI ,-:",L.-.:r ~"j.j C-Ll> ~ ~ ~) \ ~l5 \:'1 L. ~~

' y_'I) \ .?JIl!yJ ~ J ;;J.)L.u

.,.... lrl l .;..,sJ\t-!~ ~.tl I ;'.l>L...tJ 1

i' O

It.::scnt
= _ :.:::....:..
.. _----:.:l :i<I~ 1

rJ

12 : ' ,

f:!' . " I O

gt2 + ho

= t( 24) sin 53 -

t (32)t 2

f) -

+ 4.75

. ~ Ul ~ ~ y = 10 ~I J y_'i) I ; .?JI l!Y';;J .) L.u ~ j.

SJ\ <...; L:J I . \"W I.i.hA; ~ . ' - \... ~ : ; '- ' . Ii . o- ~ ll . 1,;;. .
'-? J . r
..
C
u
...r::---' '-? ~ r--- ~
JI

(,o"i.. ,,, j-

Y = tvo sin

= 24. 0 = 53, 9 = 32, 11 0 = 4.75

'1.,10\ .10 ft

;;

Ana lyze W L; .:r inte rsectio n ~l.>- ~ I .a.J1 0~ 4 ~ L..

c: ~L:J\ 2'W I.i.hA; .) ~y TI-nspi re ~lJ \ ~W \ .j Graph

, y = 10 ~ \

~JY I ~ :' ~ I'::"'l:l

~ ~ 0.77 if) 1..l:.Y ~~ I .?JI l! Y' .) ~

~j l.....o ~;,~ ~ d<>}J I

. ~.;; ~t O. 7 7 ~ \ c/'J

F"":"O tJL...:;J Il.J~

...sb .32 ftls 2 j i 9.8 m/s 2

.!.U'I .:".. J.lL.......!I J"- ....:..0
V

o = 24, H = -3

= 0.77(24) cos 53

, 1 "" o.n

~ I~ I~
Ul-l>j . . , k

;,.,,-W \ Jl4.a:- 4

""

11.1

.)1~ J o.?J I ':" ~ , ~ L.. c/'J 10ft t..lA.;) ')l .?JI ~ L...l:.Y 13 ft .:..;: y I .?1J ~''1 1 l!yJ \ 0i ~
. ~) I

oiA if

L;..L<> j /'-!. ~ --...ilj':"~ liJ

':r-;:b W I ~ ~ ..:;.,~ L.>J I ~L:.;..l:5 t; ~

12

a.J\ .)1~ ~ .?JI-lL,., ~..l:>.jJ ~) I

1
~

...... .

t = 0.2

1 = 0.9

6 01 = 0.1
4
2 - ..

. 2,

.a..J I

I ~l

6..l...l1

1 = 0.7

8 "

= 0.5

..."

10

10 12 x

4.75

0.5

7.22

10.33

0.1

1.44

6.51

0.6

8.67

10.49

0.2

2.89

7.94

0.7

10.11

10.32

0.3

4.33

9.06

0.8

11.55

9.84

0.4

5.78

9.86

0.9

13. 00

9.04

~ ~ ~;'4-J.l

. lk.....J1 ""L.......!I" ;""...-JI

~v.o~
~ J \ ~ J56 m /s l:..u... ~\ ~\ ~ ~ o..?...4>-1j5-l I "' ~ ;;....s (6
~o .?J \ ~ ~I 4,;L,., ~I L. . l./~ \ t: 12 L).J..i.,
0

I
j

:i..Y ~ o.? 01.;.:>1~\ .} L.5 if J" <.Y'J b- ifJ 1 ... .J.l3~ (23
.:> J..,... 28 L",) ..w J,9\1 \ L" d.:Jlj ~ 37ft /s L",)..w ~\..I.::c\
(6 J~) .0 .J~.1I lp.k.i cjJl ;.;L.JI

0~1 o,?ill ~ ~}\ ~,:>Ul: ~\ ~I ~~ j..

(1 J~ )

= t 2 + 3 , Y = .l4 X

: <i~ L,.., JS ~

5 r' - 5 -< t < 5 (1

t2

2" ' y = - 4t ; - 4 :S t :S 4

(2

x = - 2t , Y =.l
3 _ 6 '' - 5 <
- t<
5 (3

j.. ~ , :t,JJ~..u \ oJ~l:";~~ ~J ~.:>L.... JS ~1

= log t
Y=t + 3
X

= Jog (t -

x = t2

: J~I ':> ~J ,~ ~ ~1

..

= Vt + 4
Y = 4t + 3

(25

(24

= ~ , y = - Vt + 5 ; 0 :s t :s 8
-

4 , Y = 3t - 8; - 5

(2. 3 ':":i~I)

= cos 4t, Y = sin 3t (32

y

(b

0.rAJ !

JS ~ .}. l;

J=.- ~ ' ~J ~..u l oJ~l: <i~ ~ ~J ~.:>L.... JS ~I

(4Jb..o)

: ~ ~I

y == 5 sin (), x == 3 cos ()

= cos i , Y = sin 3t (31

y

(11

~\,;.; JL. ~ ~JL~.:> d..l .:>L.... ~\ i l..\l")1~

(3 Jb..o) . 0 s t :s 5 ~ )1

= cos 2t, Y= sin 4t (29

X

+ 8, x == 5t - 1 (9

~x
,y~,x
== v. ~
d..l .:> U~. ~
L. _ ~;;"';l,;t..w
I . . L: -II
.
3t
. ~ '-,?'

41~ t!.Y' ~ ;';L.J10~ ~..:.,,~

= cos 3t, Y= sin t (30

Y == 2t 2

0~'~ ~ CJ. ~ 0-"C-,+"';'; ~1,J+.l ~w i (12

~\11 ;.;L.JIJ , y == 45t t- 1 d..l.:>U~ ~J ~~ r . <\.PtA:;)

~ bLJ ~~\ if 0)01 etA:;) 0~ ~ ..:..lb ..:." ..1>

+ 3, x == t 2 + 1 (8

Y == 6" - 7, x == 3 + 2

0.r<JI4.i ~ ,-?.iJI0-"...:..\1 L. (b

:olj.:>1 L",~J ~~I ~}\ ,.:/~ .:>U llr U j

Y == -4t

t2

~,-,""J\1~

~ ~I\ J

(6

'~J

e:L

= 3t + 9

Y == ~ + 9, x == 4t 2 (10

o ")1 .:> L.... JL......:....~ 0)0\ JL. u~ ~LJI ~WI ~I (a

~\ etA:;)J ' J 1.::..110 ~\J J 4 ~ ;.;L.J\ ..:...il51 ~ 1

bLJ ~~ ! 0)01j ~ u4-i ',-,""J<")1\
if 1.5 m

7, x

Y == 5t , x == t 2 - 2 (7

if 55 em etA:;) ~ 0-" ~ o.? J 4 '7'.r" ..,....:al;;~ (28

j")11 L' d.:Jl j ~J' 18 m l s L",)..w ~\..wI:i..Y~ ,-,""J\1 1
.15 4---1J

i ..l.k...a.; 01u~ 0\-*\ J

:J~I .:> .1> J , 0 ~ ~\

Y == t 2

Y = - 3t - 8

y =t

(5

j.. ~ '~J~..ul oJ~l: <i~ ~ ~J ~.:>~ JS ~\

x =~ (26

4) (27

:s t :s 5

(4

Y == 2 cos (), x

(a

= 7 sin

(13

() (14

Y = 4 sin (), x == 6 cos () (15

Y == 3 sin (), x == 3 cos () (16
x

Y == cos (), x == 8 sin () (17

Y == 6 sin (), x = 5 cos () (18
(c

(d

~J~.:>L.... ~~";~L,.., JSd~}I~ I~1

~ ...-JI ~.Y' ~ ~\ j.. ~ ,o~1 d..l.:>W\ 0~

(5J~)

x 2

t == 2 - 3' y == 12 (20
1- x
3 - x2 (
f== -2-'Y==
422

: 0~)I 1J
2

t == 3x - 2, Y == x

+9

(19

t == Sx + 4, y ==1 0 - x 2 ( 21

A..wS1
_ .>J-

~
I ..>A

~.75 m/s

:Ul- 0-"' t...l.i....O

~:.._- .,.

(4-J V")..I.! I)

c: ~ulj ~j

O.3 mJj ~ I ~ ~j

: ~':Ji

.t..LWJI 4:--> ~

...:;.... \..\.:>- s 4 ";';I~I .;~I J .,b j , (5, 4), (5, -8) ':>\.......1)\ (40
(3, 5) , (3, -1 ) .:>\.; .;~Ij ,..:;....\ ..\.:>-j 4 ~W I .;~I J .,b (41

6.kA.;.:>1LJ,.?-- 0\.;.)1~1 ..) ~ LJ I ~ I u~ ;j.)L..,. ~I (42

( 4-2 ~J..I.! I )

. ~I j5/..1.:>- J-o''J\

(33

Jj"'\;:

.45 l..h)..lA,., ..;.;'\' 1

v-:Jlj-J\ J . Lk....J\ ~L.=:Jl ~ \.j..iJ1 ~I)I ~I .J.:.L...,. ~I

.

A '"~i

~1 ..w1 ~~

0.75m /s

.;J I :u W

I if'

. 9.8 m / s l.?j L:; 9':>1J.' pi

t 0-"') 1..I.:>- t..LWJI c! yo .:> l..2...a; ~ j .:?,)L..,. ~ \ (a

J .. J
..
~
.
y = O ~~~.WI ~ ':>I L.;, .r-u
~ I.) l t..LWJ 1uLa.:--- ~ ,0.5 m Jj ~ \

J.' f

.:>t5 b l ( b

\.p- o~ ':>~ ~ 15.r>-'J1~ I.) l ~r-l 1~0 ~15.r>-':i 1

~ .W~ i~ \"'..1.:>

1057 ft

..J.,b15? Jl:----..) ~j ~ !J~ 1 I ~ ~ (34

(0,2) 6.bA.:J\ 0-"' 8.0~/s ~~ ~ vA5.; 0.1.)1 o)w ~I

-j~" -

\"'..1.:>- j ' 100m

(0,5) 6.bA.:J10-"' 8.1 m / s ..... ~ ~ vA5.; ~ ,0.1 s ~~j

. 0 . 3 s ~ ~j
J~L ~
. x'; yv'

(3-1 V"J..I.! t)

: ~)1 1 ~)L;.-JI <.r ' ';~ J5 ~

sin x
esc x - 1

71

---co
- s-x

(44

.:?,)L...,. ~\ ( a

200 m J~I OjL.. -.:..-,; t5 bl j ~ JLJ L j~ ~ 0-"' (b

~G:-l ~ ~j* ~ 100 m 0-"' 'l-lo

sin x
(43
esc x + 1

+ 1 + 1cos x

JS c! yo':>l..2...a; ~

o ljl~ La5.; 4 1LJ,,?--j .i..,I-lo.bS Y'; yv'

~\ ~ ;jLJ l c.J...".j~ , ;; .) ..u:iA U~ ' (35

c..r ">';; o..\.:>-I j '..\.:>- j l..h .;6 ~ ) 1,) ~ 6.kA.; .;L.. <.r ~ LJ I
:x';yv'

u? .)UI ~~~~~ l- ~1 1~4:l (a

~t~

.j .)..wl ~ ~ 0\.; .)1 ~I.j

jk.. .;J- t::/ J5 l.?~

, x= t-sin t , y

=1 -

cos t ~ } \
. ':> ~ .) 1) ~

(45

..) 4 ,)..w\ )W .0.;L.: .)ll.?lJ I.)..wl j .,....:.~ -}} l.?lJI t:: ~1

,)~ I j <\.9} l.?lJl t:: ~.-J \ .j 2 .)..wl ~ r utlh...JI .;J- t::~1

~x ~ .0.;L.: .)ll.?lJI t::,rl\.j 2

0.J..." ..l.J \.., ---i..o ~ x ~tA.. ~ .eL-!I \..,

.~

JS ~ :UL-!I ..f....; \..,

4."A.? s ~I c.J..." ~ \.., ---i..o

lJI.:I....:i (b

x ~LW I

~y -:1 ~ .?'I i,

IJI.:I'>oJ (c

.0} \..ll \.;6 ~ ~ c:: \.0. ~

L.."".e ~ ':> ~} I ':> LJ .)U \ I ~ (36

~j":;""'J.)L..,. ~~~ I .

= 2 + 3t ,y = -t + 5

. (4, 10)6kJ ~ JWlj l!~l.?.)~ lm~

30 0

23 C

15 B

~} I ..:;....hU I0-"'

-JL,.; 'J.) ~...\;:- Yo bW C""":' \

I ~I (37

. xy 15,.,.:......J \ .j ~ ~ I -..A...a.;
: Lr.b U ~ """;~ \ ~ ~.; ~..lll 0.;y.aJ1 (46
:~

,x

= 3 cos 8 -

1, Y

(x - 1)2 + (Y

= 3 sin 8 + 4

+ 4f = 9
(x - 1)2 + (Y + 4) 2 = 3
(x + 1)2 + (y - 4)2 = 9
(x + 1)2 + (Y - 4)2 = 3

A
B

~}\..:;....'J.)U ' J~ 1 0K. )' ~0 15 \~ ! \..,.).:i.>- I ..J-:!~ (38

,-w
\. .i..6UI i L..>-'i'.45r ot5l>....J..:;....u..i...W145
- I
_ . ~.j.r.
j
.r-'
.!Jf..~

r?

j.

90

J~' ~ ~}I ..:;.... 'J .) U\J ~I ":;"" I..2~ . ~ I (39

~1)lj ~''J\ ..:;.... ~,rl \ ~ ..I.:>- ~.;~..lll..:;.... 'J .)UI

.~

. ~ JL:-:JI,-,W I c.i ~ y-J I ~ I I..G '-r-:'-.J ' cf) 1~} I -=.,,':I.>W\ ~ c.i t ~\ ~\ ~
0.rAJ1c.i JolS~.J J.yUu ~ ~ .:r<:.J ~ , O :5 t :5 5 ;.rAJ1 c.i ul."lS u~ ~ ~ ~\ I ') ~
.0.. . .1J.J\II ~ \ .j ~ 0 :5 t :5 10
~Atlu"i:lla..HJ
~w~
. :.... . t l
- '.:?'
- _.
- :J.,-~1~':I 1 ~y-JI -:""; ~ . ~ ..:..,j} I ..} o~

o?J

..i}..Lfl 1
".,;j\,e.~l l ~L.J I ~ I

J'J..ut ~ Il- nspire

. ~~ I

AL..-;,t l v::-
I . ~. -;

t~

t.+- JS"JS"Jj ".JI.'; ~~ \.SJ L.. ~j

1 ~ ...1S ;;~

~I ~I~':II ~ y-J1 -:...,; lS" ~ . ~~ I ~ 60: \.r-~ ~Ij ~j ,35 ~/s ~JL.. o?J ~I

t: 45 \.r- l:i ~jlj ~j , 30 m /s "";If

...,pJ \II eh-- cf l...+lS J r.5 ~?JI J l.1;;.A.. TI-nspire

~LJl ~I.>JI J L.,.,..;,..,...~ o~ JS"J W ~ t;;~ uL:... . ~ ':I I

:w~ Jj5J.j~}\.jl:J.>W I

Y = 35t sin 60 - 4.9t

= 17.5V3t y

= 30t sin 45 - 4.9t 2

= 15V2t - 4.9t 2

:""";\j

:L:-W I .r-:
Ir .h.;....;J L. ~I.>J
I ~
.
.. .- .......;
. J

':I.>W\

-=."

;;~I

= 35t cos 60 \>JL.

= 17.5t
x = 30t cos 45
= 15V2 t

4.9t 2

..

. 2 ;;At-:....tl

. x,y,

Ef}DGfi16IoliD

~ ~ ~ L... , ~!~liEmlil]]liB

.e::J'.r r
. ~.;5J1 q J W d..b-)\...j tstep

L5 ~ } I w ':l.>W I J>-.> 1 .~} 1

c.i 0.1 J ! a cf t ~ loS . .\.-> .>J.:,..

. ~ w':l .> W I ~

.,. ,
1 1

I .'

"

"/ 1 / Y

/- 4

t- 6

I~JL..J

. ~\l l e 50 \.r-l:i ~.Jlj ~ ,33 m /s ~ ~I~\ ~ ~ ~G o~ """; \j j5J 1 ~ ...1S ;;~ (1

e 40 4---l:i ~j\j ~ , 45 m / s ~ ~\~ I ~~ loS?10~ -?J L. j5J ~G ~

-:U.) ~.J

. ~ l::J I ~.J '~ L:-:JI ~W I JL......:....., ~ O.? j5 ) w ~ ~~

y.. . ~ ':I \

. 87 4---l:i ~.J lj~\l1 e ~ ,43m /s ~ ~I~I ~~ aJl~ 0.? .4.>-1 <.5'J 4J.....;;~ (2

J. . 20 4---l:i~ \j~\l le ~ ,60 m / s ~ ~\~ \ ~~aJ\~o.? ~<.5'J~G~.J

.jl.J 'J...J.J~.j~~.J .4.>-1.jl

~ 1 '; ..I.4! ' ~ ..L....:i

-':!........:J6Jl-J lu~

0;;.A.. ~l::J1 p .J ' ~ L:-:JI ~WI J L.,.,..;,..,...~ o~ J5 ) w ~ ~~

...l>- I.J .-:' ~}J .; \~ ':II t.lA.;J ':1\

t ~ ..s ......

ul~.~1

~Lw,'JI~~1

.J-i...,,;~ IJ~ I

170..,.,

170 -...., 0~1~10t....i.,.J1

170..,.,

162..,.,

...u1j.l1~1

162 ..,., J:>~ I J..P--O

~I~IJ~I

178.......,

;;J~I

162 ......., J=J..u1

tk l;iJ IJ~ I

178 ..,.,

196 ..,.,

162..,., ~IM.JI ~I

\$jS~I....g~~1

178..,.,

~lM!t t~l

( 4 -1 '-"'j..1!I )

170..,., 0t....i.,.J1

.DJj..:!I~-,""P~~~

162 ..,., ..,..i.,.J1

( 4-2 U"'j..1! 1) ~tj..1!lj ~LiJI t~l

~~I AJ~L...oJI

162 ..,.,

196......., ~~ 1 ~ 1

170.......,

196 '-~ ~I "4-:i1

\$J~I';-:;~I

~WI~1

170...,.,

0l:iJ~1

(/,

k)

C,

(x _ 11) 2

170..,.,

(II, k cl

jS~1

(y - k)2

(I,

k)

- a-2 - + -

(h,k

a)

(h

170 ..,., ~"-.iIJ~1

(y - k)2

b-2 -

= 1

(x _ 11)2

a-2 -

+ -

b-2 - = 1

l ~nl~~~1

:~, e =="* ~ ~L:JI F U ",jS.."...uI...11~:i1~

:';4 ~ ~ JS JW'~ .~1 WW1:.r ~WI.~.;-WI r>1

~J (h, k) lA.jSjA ~I D~I..u1 4J~~ ~l:-4!1 DJy.<>J1

LS y::-.. ~ ,y <::,U\ ~\ Y'

. (X - h)2

(1

;;j L..J \ ~..;1\ LS ~\,.) .blA.lJ

~Utrl

...j" o)I..l.J\ (2
(It

.o\.h."",,~,y~

c? ~~r
~ '.;....0''1 1J.Y'-" c?

.:>JS'v. (3

c) K.JI EA.JI

,.) .:> l4.i \..,. ....lI .:>LJ)\ t3: (4

. ~'-j I . J.Y'-" c? .:> L..I) I t3:

,y ~ U\ EA.JI ~ c? w l.J :i.hA.; L:? J....: ~ (5

. lS~ IJI..l.4..o L:?.J L.; - - - -

.~~':> \5\~lL,~~~ J~~ Ulr

.*

(6

"-:-JI JL...,..:..., l.: .l~ l ~.J , ~) I.l .J l ~

o)I..l.J \ .bu.; ~ 4-:.>: ~ ~ Y' o)\..ll\

c, k)

(11 , k

cl

~t...j.;Jt

(h

(h, k

~ .:>~ .:>l; Jy'.J .:> L..1 J ~\.:J\

. t..r->?:.r ':> ~ . ~.J

J L...,..:...,~)

X,

''-:''' J \A)

a, k)

~ y.- L...5 (8

u5J ,........a.;

Y <f-~\ JL...,..:...,~ ~ 4.bL.... ~ l.:5 ~ (9

t.h:---)I ~\ i r-JI ~.J c? ~

0'J~L....

. () ~ j l ) 1 JI
;\ ~ u~

c? - - Y' f (t) ==

(s in i, c os

t) ~ (10

. ~ U \ '-:-'J~ .~l.:;;"".r' .r"

,,~"Jt

<?,,',
~WI J~I

a)

~'IJ

= r 2 ~ r lA..",w
;;...csljJl t~t

;;~t ~ a1~1.a4!1

~l:!4tl
(x _ 11 )2

(y - k)2

,, 2

b2

(y - k )2

(x _ !I) 2

- -

-
- -2
a2
b

= 1
= 1

:~,e="*~..uljJIFU",jS.."...ul...11~:iI~
. a 2 + b 2 = C2

( 4-4 '-"'j..1l1) ~Ijj~j ~~l t~l t'.~j ""=~

~:i~la..o"-'lA.JCub
. ,-- . 11 t
.I-~II
.
. " J.,r-
~

t Ij->1..w~.<"
_
v--:'

.~I J~~Jl , ~1 ~ ! ~l:-4!1 DJy.<>J~ ;UWI

t.S~ ~ 4J~l..A c..:rl !xy t.S~ ~ 4J~l..A J=~ ~

J~~x'y '

(7

lh.>-.J

k)2

~WI J~I

= x' cos () - 21' sin (), 21 = x' sin () + 21' cos ()

. lS ~ \l...,

.~ \

+ (21 -

( 4-3 U"'j..1!l )

'L.T" \) ~ LS ~ I /"!. 'J ~

. a 2 _ b 2 == C2

, w ...I.>-l) ~ uJ)~ ~ l..Q.:., ~ Ij ~) b j:1 .J~

..u.;k; J.Y'-"

( 4-5 ,-",) ..I.l I) ~..~!l~"J~la..!1

~':tl ~.."...ul ~~ ~~I u:i~L..s..,J1 ~

.t..h".... ~'~,4J:i-":'J '~3J~4J~~~I.,..JIJ

~I..G.,!I ~..J-"'"-!J ~':tl ~ () ~~ "=J1j.,> ~ ...11~ ~
I__ ~_ .. _III._I_~ .

~I-:-

C I I ~ ':t I ~ L.-J I : Ul v

~(,;r'""

u.

..

' ~J.:i ' ~j4-J 1 U:>~ 9 ~

,x

tvo

"

o~

cos () ~~

~ ~I o~,j~ ",.:...11 ~i.,..J1 tuuJ:ilj , ~jJ l t

' 21

= tv o sin () _lgt2
+ h 0 ~lJ
2
-

I __

~ A.U~ t

.~I..G.,!:i1 tUUJ:i1

h o~

.~-

il '

' --- - -- -- _ . _---- ~. -

( 1 6 2 - 1 69 ':' ~ 1 )

rl ' (2 , -3) ........

1) j

, .;~ k. JS ..) . .;.,bL... o\.b..J1c)~1 ~I ...,.a'L..a.> .~1..

(2,1) .... )Y, -?jJ l c)~1 ~1.i.,bL... ~ I

? ~ ~ J.. rl
+ 3)2 = 12(y + 2) (11
(x - 2) 2 = - 4(y + 1) (12

. ?~ .~ J..

(x

....,....,1) ~ I.)~ x .jl..l.>)'1..}.)lS~ ifl)l) o)}:JI.)i ~

p.)i l.o~ . 1 - (- 3) = 4 ~ P ~ -.) ~ .!-lJil (h, k + p) </' o)}:JI

(x - 5) =

.J.>-~I dlC~ ~I .)~ ~ .r ~

~\ J~~ ~l.;AJ\ O).ra-\\ cs~ c) l5:..J1F

" = 4, J.. = 3, It = 2

~4

= (x _
4(4)(y + 3) = (x 16(y + 3) = (x 4p(y - k )

.~~.~

2 )2

3) 2 (13

J. ~ ,.;~ k. JS ..)
F(1, 1) , V(1 , 5) (14

11 )2

F(- 3, 6) , V (7, 6) (15

2)2

F(-2, - 3) , V(-2, 1) (16

2)2

F(3, - 4), V (3, - 2) (17

:f.5'" '.,b~ ~l.;AJ 1 o)~ 1

-1- ~ J: .(x -

1~ (y -

....)Y,j ........1) u~l..l.>l ~\.b..J \ c)l5:..J1 ~1.i.,bL... ~I

I .,bL....o 0 \

. li . p, k
~t,,;iI l ...),......t1

'm\MJl t~1

= 16(y + 3)

k. JS ..) ;;\.b..J1,-,..a~'l,.=;J 1

~ -?ill c)~ , ~I .i.,bL... ~I

.~~.~

('""'""') ~ 't.?) }:JI .;.,.II) 0)}:J I) ifi) \,:r

J. ~ , .;~

(- 7, 0) ~ ~~) J.-:-ll d l c~1 ~ I) F(-4, - 4) (18

.).;1 ~ I~ L. ~) 'ifi)~ ~ ~

(7, - 2) ~~ ~) J~-.J dl C~ I ~I) F ( - 1, 4)

.t.?)':.) \';}I

(19

(9, 2) ~ ~~) J.>-1 d l C~I ~ I) F(3, - 6) (20

( 11 0 - 1 77 ':' ~ 1 ) ~IJ...I!IJ ~l.Ut t~t

.,,/)11

.)~ 0~ u~l..l.> l -?ill ~WI ~I

~ ~ ,.;~

~I

.bL...

. (1,12), (1, -4>.r"-o~I.)~ 0~ ul:Sl..l.>l s (-9,4), (11,4)

. a, b...l: ~ /--p~ l j ,r.5~ 1 L.r.)~1 u ~~ ~I

b = 12 - (- 4) = 8
2

...:.......:;.; I~,:,~LA
~4

(h, k)

= (11

=1

x2

y2

"9 +"4 = 1

(22

: .;~ L,... ulS ..) olh....JI...,.a'L..a>J1 ~ -?il\ ~\:J I F

I j5.r"

(21

,bl... 0

u ~I..l.> [) (- 4, 4), (6, 4) ,r.5~ \ )~ I ~~ u L;Ll>-[ (25

(1, 1), (1, 7) /--p~i JJ~'0~

+2(- 9) , 12 +2(-4)

= (1, 4)
y .)(,;I..l.>)' I

u l..e.-) 3 p i ~ J}:> J , ( -1 , 6) j5..rJ\ (26

:</' ~ l:J \ FI.\.bL....o.) ~ IjJ.x J~~ ~f;~) ,..;;i ,r.5~1

(2 , 5) , (O, O) ~ \ ~ p \ 0 ~u L; 1 ..e.- ! (27

)~ I .)~ ..!llil \.) luL..:.,., ,r.5-'1 1)~ I ~~ ~

(x - 1) 2
100

.t:;; ~ . ~

(y + 6)2
25

u l..l. 6 t.?)~ /--p~ \ )~ I J}:, (1, 2) , (9, 2) .)\;) }:JI (24

.y..) o\;,bL....o ;;\.b..J1 ~l:J1 ~I ~L..a.> ~..l.>

(6, - 3) , (4, - 3) .)\;) }:JI) , (7, - 3), (3, - 3) .)L.....l)1 (23

= 11 - (-9) = 10

.,r.5\'1 )~I ~ .:Ju..; Y" ~l;.l\

(x -3 )2
16

k.

0J -

4)2

64

=1

---'--

(4 , -2), (- 2,

- 6) ~ 1 ~

i 0~

uL;I ..e.- ! (28

'

3JLLo

.t;;~

(y

+ 3 )2
16

+ 1) 2

(x

= 1 ~.::,btA..", .D l ~I) I ~I ~.btA.. ~

Y16 = 4,
Vl6+4 = 2V5

V4 =

2, C =

,6L..
...

0J + 3)2

: ~. bW I o..i..", ...)

h = - 1, k = - 3, a =

b=

, ..;~ l.... JS J d.:>tA.. o~ \ ~\) \ ~I ~~.:>1.

30

(x

y l.J

: o ~ )' 1

(/, , k)

(-1, - 3)

:.?rll

(/,_k

11 )

(-1, 1), (-3, -7)

:0 L.i)1

(/,, k

c)

(- 1, - 3

+ 2V5)

: 00 .J.r.JI

0J -

x2 -

it' -

~I

--

- -.- ,

- .
'\

-4

---

+ 3 = 2(x + 1)
y + 3 = -2(x + 1) ':;
y

~ J ~.J.r.J\ J U-C".J)\J jS rl\;"

, - --.... - ~

- ~- ~
. - i' - b ,

- ~ - ./, , -- 12

8x

-- -. -- -

J.:.$-

~\
-

' , ' ~.

, "'" L;
~

, \;..

~ .

..:.....
':
-

~ GL.. ~I-j \

.:> 1.>..::... 1u'...,.. I.J../~

~ . ' - ~.
U

12x

-:

<:: . ,,---"I.J

+ 30y + 39 = 0 .b U

I~I

. ~ ol:.>..:.. j..J , . l.~ ",.DI ~J~1 ~I tj.:>1.- ~ ' '';l.:AJ1

3x 2 + 3y2 - 12x + 30y + 39 = 0
3(x 2 - 4x + . ) + 3(y 2 + l Oy + ) = - 39 + 3( . ) + 3(
3(x 2 - 4x + 4) + 3(y2 + lOy + 25) = -39 +3(4) + 3( 25)
3(x - 2)2 + 3(y + 5) 2 = 48
(x - 2) 2 + (y + 5)l = 16
.r ,

,A

= 3, C = 3 '-J"UI o..i..", J

(2, - 5)

"4

(29

=1

(30

- (x+ 1)2= 1 (31

'l - 2x + 4y - 7 = 0

(32

: ..;~ l....JS J
,8 ..)\rl\ .J~ \ J yb , (7, 0) , (- 7, 0) 0 L.i)\ (33
,(0, 3), (0, - 3) 0 L.i ) IJ ' (0, 5) , (0, - 5) 0G.J.r.J1 (34
.16 c:b w l .J~ 1 J ybJ , (1, 15) , (1, - 5) oG.J.r.JI (35

.Y =

t x

,-:"".JU::J I lh>-J' (2, 0), (- 2,0) 0L.i)1 (36

~\.::5' 0J.:> ";~ l.... ~.btA.. JS .j:.; ",.Dt ~J ~I ~I tj.:>1.

::i..::--l.:AJl o.JraJl ~

x 2 - 4y2 - 6x - 16y - 11 = 0 (37

40y + 107 = 0 (38

4y2- x -

9x 2 + 4y2 + 162x + 8y + 732

.L

",.DI ~J~I ~I tj.:>1.- ~

=:

(40

71'
:c? - 2x+y =5 ;() =(41

= jSrll

(39

,x 'Y 'l.S.".:-J1 J

x 2 + y2 = 4 ; ()

=C

~ ill ~ J-'"

=0

..;~ ~ .btA.. jSJ :i..::-- l.:AJl o.JraJl ~L:SJ o~1 8 :i..o.:-' ~I

,~ .Y' ~ A, C <J" )\5 0) ..:.-;. J

~b c..r--:..
I:" U ~10~~ ,A

'--

=1

~ ~.

4JLLo
o.JraJI ~ 3x 2 + 3y 2

6)2

36

:,-:",,),i:.!1 lh>

o\?i LS.DI
~\ ,......,.;1 ,...; ,........JU::J \

\
\
'
- 'I! '- - - , . ha ll I, , ....... U::JI L --,- I r ' ) '
' 7~ l . _ ~ c- U" r
, .J
..s--- cs"" u r>'-"

- R - 4 I ,0

--+

II)

r'

O~ \ ~ L.a>J1 ~ ",.DI ~I)I ~I '..btA.. ~I

(- 1, -3 - 2V5)
y - k=

1)2

l:.>..:.. u G..

0J -

+ 7) 2
18

,X I )I ~I ~ L.a.,,:.. .:>J.,...

(x - 6)2

.r ? ?

9 x

-----

y.? = 4 ;

()"IT (42

= "2

+ 4y ? = 36 ; () = 90

(43

\1
--~---~--------------~

5J~

.~I.~I ~ ~ }1 -:r.J-,l.A..J4 ~I ~\ ~

= 5 cos t , Y = 9 sin t ~.,.II -:r.:.bl.A..J1-:-:Sl

. t:: .}4ko JS .)

. t:: ~I ~ ~ < ~J~..u l "J.raJ ~

Y = 9 sin t

cos t t ; sin t

! ~~ j.>-l l

= 5 cos t
sin t = ~
cos t = .!
9
5
2
2
sin t + (05 t = 1
x

= Vt,Y = 1 -

= t + 2, Y = t 2 -

t ; 0 :5 t :5 9 (44

4 ; - 4:5 t :5 4 (45

~ ~ ~J~..uI.J.raJl:.}4 ~~) -:r.J-'~ JS -:-:Sl

.t::~1

= t + 5, Y = 2t 6
x = 2t , Y = t 2 - 2
x = t 2 + 3 , Y = t2 - 4
x = t 2 - 1, Y = 2t + 1
x

x2

y2

25+81 =1
. . .:>L:...b......
II ':> l:.bL.uJ\ U-
I~ A:
.Y

. ~ \.; &

(46
(47

(48
(49

Alk411 J>.J ul4:!:hi

~ ~ ~ ~lhJ l ..l)Y

&

.;..,l.b.....,

-4"'; c\) .:> p.:, , li U, (52

Y' ~ 1 1-4J ~rJ l ~ I) d~ lj &

( 4-3 U"'j..u l )
~

.....;,/ ') <

50 ft '-Y\.;ij.;\ C.J ~rJ l

~ I L"'" Yo 1 0001~i (50

.:>IJ)-,.y ~ \.;

uLS:...;:. ~ L:..; J) ~I

~ ~Li.. ciK.&

. ~\ j

rl ';.

25 ft

.b~ ~I (a

(4- 1 V"J..u t )

0..,::':'"

4.:\y.

.30 f t .i.bA; J:,-.O 1

~ <.i.bA; J:,-.Oi ~ .....;, /,.)1C.J\ t\.;ij.;\ ~ .;..,-,Ij 1.)1 (b

~.J ~ rJ l ~I ';.b ~ ;

~ I .;j-,~ ~ \ (a

90ft

~J-lI(} L~ 1

.'-::7.';; .J~ i f ~I Ii... ~.:>i

~ ~ ~,-:", )lhJ l <.r 4.Y~ ~ , ~ ~ (53

< "';J): ~ ~ I ;;'; lhJ l j:5; ~ ~ (} K. & ~

.(}l5:...J \ ~ 11 ..i..<> "Jy. l! yo ~) 1 ( b

~ J~I ~ ~ .;j fi---: ~I ~I f-) x, ~-.J

~I ~1 ~ ~ y ~ ..:JJ .)) <~\ ;;.;l1JI j-' ~ ySl

..:.,..\.:>-1 I ~ Wl ~ (51

.:>~ <~\ ~i o~ l: 30 (}l5:...J\ ~I .:>I J )-, ~ . "r-~

. t, 65.Yo

LS~I ci ~\ ~\ ~ l?iJ \ cil5:...J1~I .;j -, ~

ci (}l5:...J\ ~ I .;j-,~ ~) . y' = 0.25(x')2 ci" x 's} '
e4-4 U"' J..u l ) . xy LS~ \
xl (t)

= 4 cos t , Yl (t) = 4 sin t :.:>1 u"""p i

(4-5 V"J..u I )

x 2 (t) = 4 cos 2 t , Y2 (t)

u"""P I . j5..rJ I"~~

)1 )JJ\ o..i..<> JLWI ...j ~i .:>i

( 4-2 U"' )..u l )

, ~~ (54

= 4 sin 2t )

. x 2 ' Y2J x l ' Yl .;..,'J-'l.A..JI ..,? ~ ~ Lr-: ,:j

(a

.
~. )

JL..::.5'J x J (t) , Yl (t) <.rj ~ C~)

. ~)~JJ I

"J..,..,dl: b t)J\ ci -:r.J-,L.uJ1~\

(c

. ~ l:.l l

ci.;..,w, y. 3 J~ -'b;

..} ~ I.b -,.A..... cr" ':>1; 10 ..w ~ \.) I JJ \

,w l..\.:>-) 6 t.",~ ~ <?\;; )I.ill ~) ,j::.b~ ~I (b

. t.",l:.>..;...

ci ~ .b~

) 1) -,uLS:...;:. ~ w ~~

.;j -, ~ ~\ (a

J"""\II .i.bA; ~ ~\ .b ~ .i.bA;.:>i W~ <65.-J1

.x 2 + y 2 = 225 ci" ~ yJl ) I)JJILS..\.:>- j .;j-,~
IJJI o..i. <> ..:...; p.:, 65..,.J I ci ~I .b~ <.r ~G rS ..w

(b

~ )\:,;. \ .r.5 1 .J -;~ k. ~ L; c:6 ~I l .:a ~ ~ J~l (13

-.
, - - - 1511\ - - - t - - <
1--- 4

- - -

- .--

- ---

J .~I ~~I ~ ,-?.lJ1~UI ~I ;J.)\.... ~I

:,J::::'
. -';

~ ~j5J'
-- - A

.(6, - 4) , (- 2, - 4) .:>\.;)..0 \.} , (7, - 4), (-3, - 4) ':>L.i)1 (1

8 Y~ ..--.--.....
~

.:r.J1j-J1

--

.12 .r.5\'1 ). ......11 J.,b.) , (- 2, 1) , (- 2, - 9) .:>\.;,;..0 1 (2

- - 4

;J .) L...,JI ~~ ..;Jlc~\... 1 .:a ~ ~ J ~ 1 (3

?

>

~ ;; ;IAx~.

......I.....- _.L..-~

__

-8 A
-4 B

8 0

=0

2y - 18

4 (

-I ---- - 8 . . , . . -
_

+ cy2 + 2x -

,;;.;,;~..u\ . ) "....,..J~ 4,5 .:r.J1j-JleJ ~J "-r-~b \....

.~~Ij..~

=tx = t2 -

5 , Y = 3t - 4 (4

-8
_

-I--- ~ - -

_ .~...;

. _~-

~\4l 1 ~\,:.,... J5 ..b\.... ~I ,V ...,...i)I J Fo,;.t:J1~

.~ \.~_ .. >-,;.. j.. ~ ,~'; I
F(2, 5) , V(-l, 5) (15
: ~';I .:r.J1j-J1,:r

(x

+ 3) - +

+ 1 (5

~~..s')\....,i ~,w.... \~oL;.)i~l~ l~ (6

. ~t5:..

u.w

J5 J ..:b\.... o~1 ~UI ~I ~..P

01 + 6)2
81

=1

(17

(x - 5)2
49

(y +3)2
9
I

=1

.. ~

(16

4.)\$. ;;~ ~ J";~,; ~ ~ .:>rJI J \~\ ~~,;

1---

(18

- - 400m - --

--1

~ y- 5 m t.\.A; ) ~ c?' ~'.>L \' 1~ j>J ~ ~.)i .:> 1 J''?\

...,....:5\ . G.~ 373m ;i.; w ...,...i ) ly- ~; ;;,;..0 I .:>i J ' <y-?\
.c}K.J1~ I ;J.)\....

J.;1 LS.b-l.J .;JL..a.l IuL;Ir.--J\,:r .:>rJI.) i ~\ ~ bJ

L/'

y- 3 0 ft ;;~ ~ t.\.A;) .:>i J',?I .;;~~ J:>JI ~)J

t.\.A; ) ,:r ~

1, Y = 2t

F(2, 8), V(2, 10) (14

u \. \.? L
I u~
\ <..,?; .:>.<:
,. lSl.:>-i
_ ~
..
r'; L:...JI i ~
~bJ\

J5 ~I

'-!",; ...ll 20ft ii~\ y- ~ ~ .:>i y ' J'} -J I

.vb}-J\ y- 5 ft

J ;;~I ~ ~\ ~ ,-?.lJ1 xl)1 ~ I ;J.)\.... ~ I

.:r.J1j-J1

' . -'; 1

' ,J::::'

.y =

x '-:'",;LaJI lh.:>- y ,

(8, 2), (8, 6) jL.i)I J

'.i.;L:.J1

c: 60 4---Lj o:.....Jl j ~

, ~l:J I J 45 ft LA)..\i.. ~\~I ~~ ~ I ~~ b l (b

~~ \J"; ~J+' ,75 4---~~Jl j~\'\ e ~J

x 2 + 4y 2 -

1~ I

: <J4 ~
x 2 - 6xy

+ y 2 - 4y - 8x = 0
2xy + 3y - 6x + 5 = 0

(8, 0) , (8, 8) .:>\.;,;..0 1 (8

J J'J.r-- c:6 J5 ;J.)\.... ~ I

: 0 ~J l)IJ x 'y' -..s.,,:--.JI J
7(x' - 3) = (y)2, e = 60 (9
(X')2 + 01')2 = 1 e = ~ ( 10

~ ~I J "; ~ ul# ,,,,;;\'1

:i..:- W

'

o~ \ ..,,:b \.... ~ ~~ xy -..s,,=.-o

40 ft LA)..\i.. ~ 1~1 ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ b l ( a

oI.: b\.... ;;~I J'J~I ~I ~ u~ ~L::JI

(3, 0), (-3, 0) ':>L.i)1 (7

(19

(20

:12

10

'

j 1l.:r.J1j-J1 J . .:b\.... ii~1 XI)I ~ I ~ ~..P

01 +3)2
(x+6) 2
4
36

=1

(12

x2
(y - 4)2
64 25
= 1 (11

- -- -

- -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - -

~I

_IIa;:V
(f . g ) (x) = I(x) g(x )

I)
(g (x)

(f + g)(x) = I(x ) + g( x)

I(x)

~I

= g(x) ,g(x) j O

~I

(f - g)(x) = I(x) - g (x)

= P(1 +-ii-t
log n x

10g b X = -'- -b

vs

~~ I~L>.

.::. L..:U..J ~.,.u I

(y - k)2 = 4p(x - h) (x - h)2 = 4p(y - k)

(x - h)2

a2

(y - k)2

- 1
b2
(x _ h)2

(y - k)2

(x - h)2

- -

(x - h)2

- - - -2= 1

a2

(y - k)2

- - 2 - + -- 2 - = 1
(y - k)2

- -+ - -=1
2
2
b

y' = yeas B - x sin B.J x' =

cos B + Y sin B

cot B = cos e
S in (/

tan B = sin e
cos e

sin B= _ 1_
csc e

cosB =~
sec

tanB= ~
cot

esc B = _._1_

1_
sec B=_
cos e

cot B = ~
tan

sin 2 B + cos? B = 1

tan 2 8 + 1 = sec2 8

cot2 B + 1 = csc 2 B

sin B=cos (-- - 8)

tan B = cot (-- - B)

sec B = esc (-- - B)

cos B=sin(-- - B)

cot B= tan (-- - B)

esc B = sec

sin (-B) = - sin B

cos (- B) = cos 8

tan ( - B) = -tan B

.Ji ~.J.>JI JI.J...Il l .::.~~

esc (-B) = - esc B

sec (- B) = sec 8

cot ( - B) = - cot B

~~...,4l 1

Sin

cos (0 + (3) = cos 0 cos {3 - sin 0 sin {3

cos (0

sin (0 + (3) = sin 0 cos {3 + cos 0 sin {3

sin

tan (0 + (3) = tana + tan /3

1 - tan a tan /3

tan a - tan/3
tan (0 - (3) = 1 + tan a tan /3

cos 28 = cos 2 B - sin 2 B

cos 2B = 2 cos 2 8 - 1

sin 2B = 2 sin B cos B

tan 2B =

sin

it =
2

+ V I - cos e

(f - B)

(3) = cos 0 cos {3 + sin

sin {3

(0 -

(3) = sin 0 cos {3 - cos

sin {3

cos 28 = 1 - 2 sin? ()

2 tan e
1 - tan2 e

it_ V 1 +cose
cos 2 2

tan~ =

1-

cos e

1 + cos e

~.Jlj!I'::'~~
~l:U.o1l

i' .'F"

Fm
+ Xz

M = (X l

Ifl

'

+ '1z )

~14b4.i

d = V (X2 - x1f
III

(a -

W= (a -

b)(a - b)
+ b2

~>"ll &.>-4

+ b)

~.>-4~~1

= a2 - 2ab

a Z - b 2 = (a - b)(a

~L.-1 1

Y1)2

IfZ - 1f1
X1, X2 =1= X1

J.:!,4! I

= XZ -

x=

(a

+ 0 2-

- b -.lbz
2a

+ W=

4ac

,a

=1=

/"Wlo~lA11

(a + b)(a + b)

t~I&.>-4

= a 2 + 2ab + b 2

---r:co.-.

(p'~') ~~, ~'.J~tia~,~,

~tjJ t

sin
cos

(J

(J

tan ()

0
1

1\

1\

1\

1\

V2

V3

V3

v'2
2

- 1

V3

-J3

J;....~

11"

j,A..;JIJ~t

210

= tan (J

30 -60 -90

y= cos

V3

sin 30 = 1

cos 30 =

= V3
2

sin fi0 0
0

45 -45 -90

sin 450

y= sin

(J

cos hOD = 1
2

V3

tan 30 =
3

tan hO

)~~x

~
xV3

= V3

= Vi
2

cos

s =
Vi
2

(J

45"

45'

"l