A216

2012 IEEE International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis 23-27 September 2012, Bali, Indonesia

Influence of Partial Discharge on Breakdown of Air-Polymer Composite

Eka Putra Waldi
Department Electrical Engineering Andalas University Indonesia ekawaldi2@yahoo.com

AbstractThe influence of PD on the breakdown of LDPE film under AC voltage was studied using needle-plane electrode system. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of magnitude partial on breakdown mechanism of air-polymer composite insulation. The experiments were also performed by resistor (R-Shunt) in front of the sample for control the intensity of partial discharge with varied of voltage application. The time up to breakdown (TB) was measured under different condition. Increasing the voltage amplitude under the same R-Shunt will decrease the TB. However, the PD cannot be considered as the only factor which can decrease the TB, because at the same time the electric field was also increased with increasing the voltage. One way to show the influence of PD on breakdown of polymer film is the increase of magnitude of PD by increasing the R-shunt value. Two regions of TB were obtained with parameters of the magnitude of PD and applied electric field. The first was obtained when the breakdown occurred at the higher electric field. The magnitude of PD little affected the TB. The second was obtained when the breakdown occurred at the lower electric field. The high magnitude of PD gave a lower TB.

Needle

LDPE film for breakdown

0.5 mm

Aluminum plane

Fig.1 Electrode system materials derived from organic chemistry such as polymers. A large number of papers have been published, especially for the subject of PD evolution and PD contribution in the breakdown occurred under AC voltage [4-6]. Furthermore, there has been little study PD activity up to breakdown. Thus the authors are focusing on the subject. In this research paper, the breakdown phenomena caused by PD using a needle plane electrode under AC voltage will be investigated. II. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD

Keywords; Partial discharge,Breakdown, Polymer, Time to breakdown.

I.

INTRODUCTION

Polymer is widely used in many areas of industry such as an insulating material for medium and high voltage cable. Nowadays, LPDE is frequently used for the above purpose due to its excellent electrical and mechanical properties. In practical high voltage insulation, polymers are used together with other insulating material such as air-polymer composite insulation. As the dielectric constant of the air is lower than that of polymer, the electric field appearing across the air is higher than that across in polymer. When the applied voltage is increased, PD activity will start in the air. The PD causes the progressive deterioration of the polymer surface, which is ultimately leading to electrical breakdown. In order to localize the point where the PD takes place, a needle-plane electrode system is adopted in this work where an insulation film put on the plane electrode and the needle electrode is put above the film with a certain distance. The PD phenomenon is one of the main causes of degradation of insulation system in electrical equipments, especially for the

The electrode system is shown in Fig.1. The specimen for breakdown test caused by PD was a low density polyethylene (LDPE) film with a thickness of 20 m. A stainless steel needle with a radius tip of 10 m was set to make the air gap distance of 0.5 mm. The schematic diagram of experimental setup is shown in Fig. 2. The transformer high voltage was derived by ramp voltage. The output of ramp voltage totally was controlled by a PC via general purpose interface bus (GPIB) under Labview software. In this research, we used voltage of 9 and 11 kV and the frequency is 50 Hz. The output high voltage transformer connected to the 2.5 MOhm resistor, where the resistor is useful to protect the transformer against over current when the breakdown. End of the resistor is connected to measure voltage

978-1-4673-1020-8/12/$31.00 2012 IEEE

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2000 375 ohm 10 M ohm Time to breakdown (sec.) 1600

1200

800

400

0 8 9 10 Voltage application 11 12

Fig.2 Ekperiment set up Fig.5 Time to breakdown as function of voltage application of high voltage. It has a voltage divider 1:1000 volt, low voltage side of the tool is connected to the channel oscilloscope 2 (Picoscope 5000 series). After the end of the resistor is connected to the high voltage measuring devices, is also associated with a resistor (resistor front), where its use is to vary the value of PD. Front resistor value used is 375 ohms and 2.5 MOhm. Once connected to the front resistor, it is connected to the conductor system, where the testing insulation testing up to breakdown caused by PD. To detect the value of PD, detector installed in series with the conductor system. The output of the detector is connected to the oscilloscope on channel 1. PD testing until breakdown is dangerous, if the lack of knowledge due to over voltage effect and then the equipment will be damage that is very dangerous. One way to avoid problems is to use Rogowski coil. The representation of PD detector is shown in Fig.3. PD signal is very shock signal reflected back, if the impedance detector devices and measuring instruments are not the same. To eliminate this effect, between the two devices put on a matching impedance After matching impedance is same, then detector calibrated with PD detector (Haefly / Teftex 9126) to determine the value of PD in the scale pC. There is a large polarity difference in the PD produced by this electrode system, betwen positive and negative polarity have several unit to several tens of time large. The small PD magnitude can be measured if the measurement sensitivity is increased. Then, however, a large PD magnitude cannot be measured effective. Consequently,, the experiment was desined in this study so that PD magnitude of 1000 to 10,000 pC could be measured. It has been explained above that the voltage Applicability associated with channel 2 and partial discharges associated with channel 1. To get the one corresponding to the PD

PD signal N(1:50) Matching impedance

osslilloscope

Fig.3 representation of PD detector

5 4 3 25 20

AC voltage (CH2)

15 10 5 0 -5

2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 0 4 8 12 16

PD signal (CH1)

-10 -15 -20 -25 20

Time (ms)

Fig.4 Measurement result of Voltage application and value of partial discharge

Charge intensity per cycle (1000 pC)

Applied voltage kV

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6 4
Voltage application (kV)

1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 0 5 10 Tim e (Sec.) 15 20

charge (10000 pC)

than the R-ahead 10 Mohm, while the voltage of 11 kV is seen that the value of the time to breakdown is relatively the same. From these two results we can say that the Partial discharge at 9 kV amid affect time to breakdown, however at 11 kV partial discharges does not affect the time to breakdown even though R-ahead varied. PD phenomena which we will discuss here at the voltage 9 kV, as discussed in Fig. 5. Fig. 6 and 7 are the two events described into one graph. Graph primarily is voltage as a function of time to the breakdown; the second Graph is magnitude of PD as a function of time. Further, PD measurement results one frame / second is taken from the beginning up to 100 seconds. So that will be seen in the figure, if the incidence of PD that often, then the point on the graph will look a lot. Even though the magnitude PD with difference of R_front is not much different, but the number of PD on R_front at 375 Ohm is bigger than to 10 MOhm. More to the point, on the negative side AC voltage, PD also was detected. The graph shown that, the number of discharge is large at R_front 375 ohms compared with R_front 10 MOhm. As for the life characteristic, the time to breakdown significantly drops when the R_front exceeds to 375 Ohm, moreover bring the higher number of PD. It may accelerate the chemical reactions that lead to degradation, and at the same time, reduce the dielectric strength. IV. CONCLUTION

2 0

-2 -4 -6

Fig. 6 Measuring PD at voltage application at 9 kV with Rfrond 10 MOhm

6
Voltage application (kV)

1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 3000

Charge (10000pC)

4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 0 500 1000 1500 Tim e (Sec.) 2000 2500

This work has revealed a significant correlation between the number of R_front and time to breakdown, furthermore has correlation between R_front and number of PD at time to breakdown. It is considered that the decreasing R_front the number of discharge increase. It contributed in increasing of accelerate the chemical reactions that lead to degradation, and at the same time, reduce the dielectric strength and lead to breakdown at lower of time to breakdown. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This research has been supported by Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementrian Pendidikan Nasional, Penelitian Hibah Pekerti Tahun Anggaran No. 030/UN.16/PL/HT/2012, Indonesia.

Fig. 7 Measuring PD with voltage application at 9 kV with R-front 375 Ohm. occurrence, on oscilloscope was set up the trigger set at channel 2 with a long signal about 20 milliseconds. These measurements were performed one cycle voltage application correlated wit PD occurrence per one second it was shown in Fig.4. Process automation and measurement controlled with Labview automatically named the data to PC, which are voltage application and magnitude of PD. The time to breakdown (TB) was calculated by the time duration to breakdown. III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Fig. 5 was illustrated the influence of voltage application on time to breakdown caused by Partial Discharge. At 9 kV voltage value of the time to breakdown is not the same, where in front of 375 ohm R-value time to breakdown which is lower

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