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    This document summarizes the evolution of Greek architecture from the Orientalizing to Archaic periods (700-480 BCE). Some of the key developments included the first large stone temples appearing in the 6th century BCE, with the earliest examples of the Doric order emerging in the 7th century BCE. Egyptian and Near Eastern influences, like massive stone temples, inspired early Greek architecture. By the 5th century BCE, the Doric order had become more standardized and widely used.

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    Evolution of Architecture → Orientalizing to Archaic

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    This document summarizes the evolution of Greek architecture from the Orientalizing to Archaic periods (700-480 BCE). Some of the key developments included the first large stone temples appearing in the 6th century BCE, with the earliest examples of the Doric order emerging in the 7th century BCE. Egyptian and Near Eastern influences, like massive stone temples, inspired early Greek architecture. By the 5th century BCE, the Doric order had become more standardized and widely used.

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    30 views3 pages

    Evolution of Architecture Orientalizing To Archaic

    Uploaded by

    pringlebob
    This document summarizes the evolution of Greek architecture from the Orientalizing to Archaic periods (700-480 BCE). Some of the key developments included the first large stone temples appearing in the 6th century BCE, with the earliest examples of the Doric order emerging in the 7th century BCE. Egyptian and Near Eastern influences, like massive stone temples, inspired early Greek architecture. By the 5th century BCE, the Doric order had become more standardized and widely used.

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    Evolution of Architecture Orientalizing to Archaic (700 480 BCE) 8th century temples were built lager scale than

    han domestic buildings 100ft in length (Osbourne, 69) Importance of temples early 7th century Corinth began to use materials that werent used for domestic buildings stone walls and terracotta roofs (Osbourne, 69) Later distinguished by painted friezes sanctuary of Poseidon at Isthmia in Corinthia (Osbourne, 69) Earliest temples (600 BCE) built mudbricks and wood (Spawforth, 23) All stone naoi begn appearing in 500 BCE (Spawforth, 23) Late 7th century use of room with stone walls surrounded by wooden colonnade with roof tiles develop into Doric order (Osbourne, 69) Temple of Apollo at Thermon in Aitolia = earliest Doric temple (c. 750 BCE) o Painted terracotta metopes similar to pottery (Osbourne, 71) Temple of Artemis at Corfu = earliest example of stone sculpture on temple (Osbourne, 73, 117) Earliest Ionic architecture in 6th century BCE during Ionic Enlightenment (Jenkins, 9) Rise of Doric order may be due to the revival of Mycenaean traditions in monumental architecture of due to the influence of Egypt (Jenkins, 10) Inventiveness and independence of spirit dynamic art form and conservatism and reverence that makes them timeless (Jenkins, 11) Influences of Temple Forms and Decoration Geometric period concentric circles, waves and spirals, later on in the Dark Ages Athenian painter banished this motif replaced it with meanders (Osbourne, 29) 6th and 4th century Ionians directly ruled but Lydia and Persia at there most creative; in 5th century ruled by imperial Athens no new major buildings erected (Jenkins, 10) Remnants of Mycenaean buildings Treasury of Atreus or Lions gate inspired the column and capital of Doric order (Jenkins, 17) Mycenaean architectural relief sculpture both figural and patterns (Jenkins, 17) 600-550 Aeolic capital eventually phased out for the Ionic capital (Jenkins, 19) o volutes spring upwards while Ionic point down Temple structure mirrored the cosmos? (Spawforth, 54) Between the 6th and 4th c. Doric order become slimmer and taller (Spawforth, 64) From the 6th c. began incorporating optical refinements (Spawforth, 64) o See class notes o Upward curvature found in Egypt (Spawforth, 65) Early temples had painted decoration eventual shift to relief sculpture with the change of building materials. (Spawforth, 65)

    Popular subject matter for friezes Trojan, centaur, amazon, gigant, gorgon omachy Ionic order sometimes replaced columns with caryatids (Gardner, 97) Doric columns become more slender, placed wider apart, entasis subtler, capitals smaller and entablature lighter (Gardner, 98) Lycian tomb contributed to the form of the Ionic column and capital form (Hamlin, 49)

    Similarities and Differences between Contemporary Media Same themes, motifs and figural designs to pottery and free standing sculpture Similar sculpture techniques? Use of space and form pottery and pediment sculpture Depiction of myth vs. real life procession scenes scarphagi Idealized form of kouros/kore reflected in the relief Architects sough ideal proportional relationship among parts of their buildings, while sculptuors face similar problems with kouroi/korai (Gardner, 98) Influence of Near East, Ionian Coast and Italy/Sicily Crucial influence of colonnaded temple though Egypt of 26th Dynasty (Spawforth, 23) o Encounters with massive stone temples in late 7th c. o First know temples in Corfu and Sicily show evidence of Egyptian techniques of cutting, lifting, and fitting large stone blocks o Techniques of using iron claps to hold together stone blocks were seen in Egyptian architecture (Spawforth, 24) Earliest examples of ionic temples Temple of Hera at Samos and Artemesion at Ephesos (Jenkins, 17-18) o Size inspired by the buildings of Egypt o Both dipteral o Lots of columns like the Amoun at Karnak Knowledge of Egypt and its legacy influenced Ionic order form of Ionic capital traced back to the lotus and lily columns (Jenkins, 19)

    Jenkins, Ian. Greek architecture and its sculpture. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006. Print. Osborne, Robin. Archaic and classical Greek art. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. Print. Spawforth, Antony. The complete Greek temples. London: Thames & Hudson, 2006. Print.

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