This review originally appeared in Popular Music 27:1 (2008): 163-65.

The Mediterranean in Music: Critical Perspectives, Common Concerns, Cultural Differences. Edi ed !y "avid #ooper and $evin "awe. %anha&' (": )*are*row +ress' 2005. 2,7 pp. -)./ 0-8108-5,07-,. This *olle* ion o0 papers *o&es re*o&&ended !y i s series edi or (ar in ) o1es as !ringing a 2*ri i*al edge3 and diverse &e hodology o he s 4dy o0 &4si* in he (edi erranean (p. viii). - s eleven *hap ers &ainly in*l4de *on ri!4 ions o a 5niversi y o0 %eeds *on0eren*e in 2001. They deal geographi*ally wi h 6ree*e' #re e' T4r1ey' 7l!ania' #orsi*a' - aly' )pain' (oro**o' 7lgeria and +ales ine (no o &en ion -reland). Their a4 hors represen a varie y o0 dis*iplines: &ainly e hno&4si*ologis s and an hropologis s' wi h one pra* ising *ond4* or. The !oo13s 0ive par s (/a ion and 8is ory' .road*as ing and /ew (edia' (en and 9o&en' 2(edi erranean (4si*3 and The Travelling (edi erranean) give so&e idea o0 he approa*hes involved. The&es o0 de0ining' hy!ridising' na ionalising' pro!le&a ising and pa*1aging he (edi erranean 4ni e he se* ions. :ario4s *on*ep s o0 he (edi erranean are in rod4*ed !y di00eren a4 hors' ye heir *onsens4s e&erges aro4nd he (edi erranean o0 he an hropologis (i*hael 8er;0eld ra her han older' &ore essen ialis a**o4n s. 8er;0eld o!serves' as <4o ed !y 6o00redo +las ino' ha i is less i&por an o as1 wha he (edi erranean is han o as1 why people 20ind i 4se04l o e&phasise heir iden i y as 22(edi erranean333. This perspe* ive wo4ld see& o in0or& he &a=ori y o0 he *hap ers' a leas hose whi*h serio4sly engage wi h he !oo13s ai& o provide 2*ri i*al perspe* ives' *o&&on *on*erns' >and? *4l 4ral di00eren*es3 ra her han li&i ing he&selves o one par i*4lar *o4n ry 4nder s 4dy. (os o0 he 2(edi erraneans3 evo1ed !y he &4si*ians and s*holars dis*4ssed in his vol4&e asso*ia e he *hara* er o0 he region wi h hy!ridi y. This has no always !een o he &4si*ians3 or s*holars3 as e: he *hap er on &4si* poli*y on he 1@30s +ales ine .road*as ing )ervi*e rela es how i s edi or ai&ed o in*l4de all indigeno4s gro4ps !4 resis hy!ridisa ion !e ween wes and eas . -n "aphne Traga1i3s *hap er on 6ree1 re!e i1o' he po en ial T4r1ish *onno a ions o0 he !o4;o41i ( he 0a&o4s 6ree1 s ringed ins r4&en )' wi h i s si&ilari ies o o her ins r4&en s 0ro& he T4r1ish sphere o0 in0l4en*e' are seen o have !een si&ilarly *on en io4s. 8owever' !o h papers appear o 0ind heir *hie0 dis*4rsive opposi ion !e ween E4ropeA2 he wes 3 and 2 he Brien 3' ra her han sy&!oli* poles o0 wha was and was no *onsidered o !e 2(edi erranean3. 7 &ore over (edi erranean 0o*4s is o !e 0o4nd in Cohn (organ B3#onnell3s *hap er on T4r1ish &4si*ology d4ring he na ionalising 7 a Dr1 era (1@20s and 1@30s). B3#onnell shows how &4si*ologis s s4ppor ed he idea o0 2a *en ral 7sian de0ini ion o0 T4r1ish iden i y3 (p. 3) !y arg4ing ha E4ropean (edi erranean &4si*s had an 7sian' T4r1i* origin. #aroline .i hell3s *hap er on &4si* in #orsi*a is also espe*ially 4se04l 0or 4nders anding how ransna ional sy&!ols s4*h as he (edi erranean *an !e harnessed o he ela!ora ion o0 na ional iden i y. -n #orsi*an na ionalis&' *er ain &4si*al *hara* eris i*s (s4*h as har&onyApolyphony' sylla!i*A&elis&a i* or onali yA&odali y) are *oded as ei her wes ern E4ropean or (edi erranean' and *orrespond o he &4si* o0 &ainland Eran*e or #orsi*a' respe* ively. The pro&ise o0 2*ri i*al perspe* ives3 on he (edi erranean goes so 0ar ha several a4 hors are re0leFive o he poin o0 4nease a!o4 whe her he (edi erranean is a s4i a!le 0ield o0

analysis a all. Traga1i is *on*erned ha re!e i1o sho4ld no !e s ereo yped as (edi erranean o s4*h an eF en ha his 2&4si*al (edi erraneanis&3 (p. ,@) &igh o!s*4re awareness o0 o her lo*al' na ional and in erna ional 0a* ors whi*h have in0l4en*ed i ' in*l4ding i s rede0ini ion hro4gh he 2world &4si*3 0ra&ewor1. .i hell is sel0-*ons*io4s as o how a*ade&i*s3 heorising a!o4 he na 4re o0 he (edi erranean &ay 0eed !a*1 in o he pra* i*es o0 he &4si*ians who deli!era ely se o4 o &a1e 2(edi erranean3 &4si*. Eor who& hey se o4 o &a1e i is ano her &a er. 7l ho4gh +las ino3s s4!=e* s' he )i*ilian !and "o4nia' *ons*io4sly see1 a 2sense o0 dislo*a ion3 in heir &4si* (p. 180)' here re&ains a hin o0 *on*ern ha hey !elong 2a leas par ly o a sphere o0 &4si* ha is 0ine 0or o4ris s and ravel agen*ies !4 whose very presen*e hrea ens o *o&pro&ise he s4rvival o0 he lo*al &4si*s o0 he (edi erranean3 (pp. 182G3). /one heless' .i hell3s #orsi*ans 0or one see& o have done well o4 o0 he sphere o0 2 o4ris s and ravel agen*ies3. )pe*i0i*ally' he eFa&ple o0 .4lgarian polyphoni* singing and i s in erna ional &ar1e ing has en*o4raged #orsi*an gro4ps o a1e a si&ilar dire* ion' and he island now hos s ann4al Hen*on res +olyphoni<4es. The *olle* ion3s &ain draw!a*1 is he 4neven degree o0 *on eF 4alisa ion a&ong i s *hap ers. "e!a es on hy!ridi y or de0ini ion see& o pass so&e papers !y: Eno $oIo3s *hap er on 7l!anian 4r!an lyri* song only even &en ions he (edi erranean on*e. (ore 0r4s ra ingly' so&e o0 he &os in rig4ing papers are an alisingly shor . This is &os 4n0or 4na e 0or he wo *hap ers on 7lgerian raJ !yTony %anglois and 6a!riele (arran*i. %anglois des*ri!es he radi ional de&ar*a ion o0 /or h-70ri*an so*ie y in o &ale and 0e&ale spa*e (wi h *orrespondingly divided &4si*)' hen proposes ha he ele* roni* &edia have 2dereg4la ed3 a**ess o &4si* and opened 4p new spa*es 0or i s *ons4&p ion (p. 105). (arran*i is in eres ed in he 4se genera ions o0 7lgerian i&&igran s o Eran*e (!e4rs) have &ade o0 raJ and he i&pli*a ions o0 diaspori* !e4r-raJ 0or raJ prod4* ion in he ho&eland G !4 his nine pages rese&!le an o4 line &ore han a 04lly 0ledged *hap er. /one heless' The (edi erreanean in (4si* wo4ld !e a wor hwhile addi ion o li!raries *on*erned wi h pop4lar &4si* or he individ4al regions i *overs. The !a*1 *over3s pro&ise o0 relevan*e o 2 he general reader and ravelers in he (edi erranean region3 is ra her &ore op i&is i*. Ke ' sho4ld said readers wish o re0le* on he 0l4idi y o0 na ionalAregional *4l 4re' hey *o4ld do worse han *ons4l he *hap ers o0 Traga1i' .i hell or +las ino. )o4 h-eas E4ropean s 4dies has 0re<4en ly *on*erned i sel0 over he las 0i0 een years wi h ideas o0 2sy&!oli* geography3 ((ili*a .a1i*-8ayden and Ho!er 8ayden) or 2i&agining he .al1ans3 ((aria Todorova). #ooper and "awe3s *olle* ion' a i s !es ' poin s o he i&por an*e o0 &4si* as a reso4r*e 0or 2i&agining he (edi erranean3.

#a herine .a1er