B

y
L
x
L

Input zone
Please donot try to input any value outside this box, it may cause collaspe of the system
Unit selection
5
(B)
20
ft
4
(L)
15
ft
A
1
210
mph

No of bays in X- dir
Spacing in X-dir
No of bays in Y- dir
Spacing inY-dir
Exposure
Stru. Imp. Categoy
Basic Wind Speed

2
No of Storey
Typical storey height
Bottom storey height

25
3
3

For help Explore HELP-1and HELP-2

B

100 L
Output
L/B

0.6

Storey

Elevation
z(ft)
3.00
6.00
9.00
12.00
15.00
18.00
21.00
24.00
27.00
30.00
33.00
36.00
39.00
42.00
45.00
48.00
51.00
54.00

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

60

60

H/B

0.75

Cz

Gz

0.368
0.368
0.368
0.368
0.370256
0.398908
0.425956
0.450949
0.475943
0.500264
0.520991
0.541717
0.562444
0.580765
0.598749
0.616732
0.633625
0.64978

1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998

pz
psf
84.837
84.837
84.837
84.837
85.358
91.963
98.198
103.960
109.722
115.329
120.107
124.885
129.664
133.887
138.033
142.179
146.074
149.798

H/Bmin

1.25

Prepared by
Md. Nazmul Hassan
Student no.# 0004076
Level-4, Term-1
Department of Civil Engineering
BUET

19
20
21
22
23
24
25

0
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8

57.00
60.00
63.00
66.00
69.00
72.00
75.00

0.665934
0.681609
0.696239
0.710869
0.725458
0.738869
0.752281

Height
0
4.5
4.5
7.5
7.5
10.5
10.5
13.5
13.5
16.5
16.5
19.5
19.5
22.5
22.5
25.5
25.5

Pressure
84.837
84.837
84.837
84.837
84.837
84.837
84.837
84.837
85.358
85.358
91.963
91.963
98.198
98.198
103.960
103.960
109.722

1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998
1.34998

153.522
157.135
160.508
163.881
167.244
170.336
173.428

9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
26
26
27
27
28
28
29
29
30
30
31
31
32
32
33
33
34
34

28.5
28.5
31.5
31.5
34.5
34.5
37.5
37.5
40.5
40.5
43.5
43.5
46.5
46.5
49.5
49.5
52.5
52.5
55.5
55.5
58.5
58.5
61.5
61.5
64.5
64.5
67.5
67.5
70.5
70.5
73.5
73.5
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75

109.722
115.329
115.329
120.107
120.107
124.885
124.885
129.664
129.664
133.887
133.887
138.033
138.033
142.179
142.179
146.074
146.074
149.798
149.798
153.522
153.522
157.135
157.135
160.508
160.508
163.881
163.881
167.244
167.244
170.336
170.336
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428

35
35
36
36
37
37
38
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
42
42
43
43
44
44
45
45
46
46
47
47
48
48
49
49
50

75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75

173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428
173.428

e of the system

ft
ft

ivil Engineering

Graphical representation of design wind pressure for multistoried building (BNBC-1993)

Height, ft

100

0
0.000

20.000

40.000

60.000

80.000

100.000
Pressure, psf

120.000

140.000

160.000

180.000

200.000

Combined Height and Exposure Coefficient, Cz

Ht. above GL
z,m

1
(0-30)

2
2
2
(35-50)

3
(60-200)

4
(220-)

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7
8
9
10
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
11
12
13
14
15

0-4.5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
220
240
260
280
300

A
-

0.368
0.415
0.497
0.565
0.624
0.677
0.725
0.769
0.81
0.849
0.909
0.965
1.017
1.065
1.155
1.237
1.313
1.383
1.45
1.513
1.572
1.629
1.684
1.736
1.787
1.835
1.883
1.928
1.973
2.058
2.139
2.217
2.91
2.362

Exposure
B
0.801
0.866
0.972
1.055
1.125
1.185
1.238
1.286
1.33
1.371
1.433
1.488
1.539
1.586
1.671
1.746
1.814
1.876
1.934
1.987
2.037
2.084
2.129
2.171
2.212
2.25
2.287
2.323
2.357
2.422
2.483
2.541
2.595
2.647

C
1.196
1.263
1.37
1.451
1.517
1.573
1.623
1.667
1.706
1.743
1.797
1.846
1.89
1.93
2.002
2.065
2.12
2.171
2.217
2.26
2.299
2.337
2.371
2.404
2.436
2.465
2.494
2.521
2.547
2.596
2.641
2.684
2.724
2.762

Gust Response Factors,Gz

2
3
4

z( m)

0-4.5
6
9
12

1.654
1.592
1.511
1.457

2
3
4

1.321
1.294
1.258
1.233

2
3
4

1.154
1.14
1.121
1.107

1
(0-30)

2
2
2
(35-50)

3
(60-200)

4
(220-)

5
6
7
8
9
10
7
8
9
10
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
11
12
13
14
15

15
18
21
24
27
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
220
240
260
280
300

1.418
1.388
1.363
1.342
1.324
1.309
1.287
1.268
1.252
1.238
1.215
1.196
1.18
1.166
1.154
1.114
1.134
1.126
1.118
1.111
1.104
1.098
1.092
1.087
1.082
1.073
1.065
1.058
1.051
1.045

5
6
7
8
9
10
7
8
9
10
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
11
12
13
14
15

1.215
1.201
1.189
1.178
1.17
1.162
1.151
1.141
1.133
1.126
1.114
1.103
1.095
1.087
1.081
1.075
1.07
1.065
1.061
1.057
1.053
1.049
1.046
1.043
1.04
1.035
1.03
1.026
1.022
1.018

5
6
7
8
9
10
7
8
9
10
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
11
12
13
14
15

1.097
1.089
1.082
1.077
1.072
1.067
1.061
1.055
1.051
1.046
1.039
1.033
1.028
1.024
1.02
1.016
1.013
1.01
1.008
1.005
1.003
1.001
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Overall Pressre coefficient,Cp for Rectangular Building with Flat Footing

H/B
1
0.1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

3
0.5

L/B
4

5
0.65

<=5

1.4

1.45

1.55

10

1.55

1.85

20

1.8

2.25

2.55

40

1.95

2.5

2.8

with Flat Footing

7
1

9
2

10

11
3

1.4

1.15

1.1

1.7

1.3

1.15

1.4

1.2

2.2

1.6

1.25

Note 1:
$ BANGLADESH NATIONAL BUILDING CODE,1993 is used as a guideline.
$ Projected
z(m) area method
Cz is used to calculate Wind pressure.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

0.914401829
0.368
0
0
1.828803658
0.368
0
0
Note
2:
2.743205486
0.368
0
0
Type 1 to use 0.368
MKS and type 2 for FPS
3.657607315
0
0
4.572009144 0.370256
1
1
5.486410973 0.398908
1
1
6.400812802 0.425956
1
2
7.31521463
0.450949
1
2
8.229616459
0.475943
1
2
Note 3:
9.144018288
0.500264
1
3
Type "A", "B","C"
to input Expouser Category.
10.05842012 0.520991
1
3
Exposure
A:
Urban
and
sub-urban
areas,
industrial
areas,
wooded
areas,
hilly
or
other
terrain
10.97282195 0.541717
1
3
covering
at least0.562444
20% of the area with obstructions of 6 meters or more in height
from
11.88722377
1 and etending
3
the
site
at
least
500
meters
or
10
times
the
height
of
the
structure,
whichever
is
greater.
12.8016256
0.580765
1
4
13.71602743 0.598749
1
4
Exposure
B: Open
terrain with scattered obstructions having heights generally
14.63042926
0.616732
1 less the\an
4
extending 800m or more from the site in any full quadrant. This category includes air fields, open
15.54483109 0.633625
1
5
park lands, sparsely built-up outkirts of towns, flat open country and grasslands.
16.45923292
0.64978
1
5
17.37363475
0.665934
1
5
Exposure C: Flat and uncovered open terrain, costal areas and riversides facing large bodies
of
18.28803658
0.681609
1
water, over 1.5km or more in width. Exposure C extends inland from the shoreline 400m 6or
19.2024384
0.696239
1
6
the
height of structure,
whichever is greater.
20.11684023 0.710869
1
6
21.03124206 0.725458
1
7
21.94564389 0.738869
1
7
22.86004572 0.752281
1
7
Note 4:
Structural Importance Coefficients, Ci
i) Essential facilities
ii) Hazardous facilities
iii) Special occupancy Structures
iv) Low risk structures

1.25
1.25
1.00
0.8

Gust Response Factors, Gh

Storey
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

Z(m)
0.914401829
1.828803658
2.743205486
3.657607315
4.572009144
5.486410973
6.400812802
7.31521463
8.229616459
9.144018288
10.05842012
10.97282195
11.88722377
12.8016256
13.71602743
14.63042926
15.54483109
16.45923292
17.37363475
18.28803658
19.2024384
20.11684023
21.03124206
21.94564389
22.86004572

Gz
1.654
1.654
1.654
1.654
1.651024
1.613228
1.581178
1.556489
1.5318
1.508408
1.491948
1.475489
1.45903
1.446579
1.434692
1.422804
1.412552
1.403408
1.394264
1.3856
1.37798
1.37036
1.362781
1.35638
1.34998

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0
0
0
0
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
7

h
12.5

22.86004572

Overall Pressure coefficient

B(y)

L(y)

22.86005

1.34998

18.28803658 30.48006

load on B face

UL

UL

1.7
H/B

0.75

L/B

0.6

0.1
1.4

H/B

L/B
1

----

Cp CAL

1.516667

Cp

1.516667

0.5
1.45

------

0.65
1.55

Wind Speed
114218.4757 Km/h

Area
B1
Top Floor
Typical Floor
Ground floor

13.93551
27.87102
27.87102

B2
100

60

-----

0.368
0.368
0.368
0.368
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
y or other terrain
0
ght and etending from0
0
0
\an 10m 0
des air fields, open
0
0
ng large bodies of 0
m or 10 time 0
0
0
0
0
0

A
1
0
0
0
0
0.370256
0.398908
0.425956
0.450949
0.475943
0.500264
0.520991
0.541717
0.562444
0.580765
0.598749
0.616732
0.633625
0.64978
0.665934
0.681609
0.696239
0.710869
0.725458
0.738869
0.752281
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
1.654
1.654
1.654
1.654
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0
0
1.651024
1.613228
1.581178
1.556489
1.5318
1.508408
1.491948
1.475489
1.45903
1.446579
1.434692
1.422804
1.412552
1.403408
1.394264
1.3856
1.37798
1.37036
1.362781
1.35638
1.34998
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

A
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1
1.4

------

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.34998

2
1.15

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3
1.1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

B
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

B
2

1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

C
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

C
0

1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Note 5:
If Building is non Slender* this chart can be used directly. For Slender building manual input is required
for Gust response factor .
* Slender buildings and structures: Building and structures having a height exceeding five times the
least dimension, or a fundamental natural frequency less than 1.0 Hz. For those cases in which the
horizontal dimentions vary with height, the least horizontal dimention at midhight shall be used.

uilding manual input is required

ght exceeding five times the

r those cases in which the
midhight shall be used.