Steel Truss Project

Design
Design of Howe Truss as to its Bolted Connections

Submitted by:

Mercy Dawn T. Chavez

CE-5 student

Submitted to:

Engr. Romeo Santos

Instructor

Date submitted: October 14, 2013

SCHEDULE OF LOADS

Legend: + Tension; - Compression

COMBINATON OF LOADS

Top Chord
Member
1-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-13

DL+LL
3.74
3.74
-7.48
-7.48
3.74
3.74

1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7

-62.33
-48.84
-35.34
-35.34
-48.84
-62.33

2-8
3-9
4-10
5-11
6-12
3-8
4-9
4-11
5-12

1.79
9.27
31.73
9.27
1.79
-13.49
-18.71
-18.71
-13.49

DL+WL
DL+LL+WL
10.91
13.76
10.91
13.76
5.50
-0.20
-5.43
-11.13
-10.94
-8.09
-10.94
-8.09
Bottom Chord
-7.76
-54.00
-3.28
-39.24
1.20
-24.49
-2.84
-28.53
-2.27
-38.23
-1.70
-47.94
Web Members
1.79
1.79
5.40
11.10
1.65
24.45
-1.89
3.81
1.79
1.79
-6.50
-16.78
-9.01
-23.26
9.19
-5.06
6.63
-3.65

Max. Loads
13.76
13.76
-7.48
-11.13
-10.94
-10.94
-62.33
-48.84
-35.34
-35.34
-48.84
-62.33
1.79
11.10
31.73
9.27
1.79
-16.78
-23.26
-18.71
-13.49

Structural Analysis

Description of the truss:

Bay width, x = 9m @ 1.5 interval
Bay length, truss to truss spacing = 4m
Height of the truss = 3m
Roof slope, =

= 33.69

Length of top chord= S =

S1 =

= 1.803m

S2 =

= 0.902m

= 5.408m

Given Data:
Roof corr. GI sheet no. 26 = 0.043 Kn/m2
Purlins 4 deep channel @ 0.4 on center both ways = 10.79 kg/m
Ceiling marine plywood attached to 2x2
Studs for ceiling frame spaced @ 0.4 on center both ways = 5.7 kn/m3
Roof life load = 1.9 KPa

Calculation:
Loadings to be carried by the truss
Live loads
LL = 1.9(4)(1.5) = 11.4 kn
LL1 = 11.4kn
LL2 = 5.4 kn
Dead loads

Weight of GI sheet
DL1 = 1.803 (4) (0.043)
DL2 =

= 0.258 Kn

= 0.129 kn

Weight of Purlins = (10.79kg/m) (9.81m/s2) (4m) = 423.40 kn

No. of purlins =
DL1 =

(1.8) (

DL2 = 0.76 kn

Weight of marine plywood

= 13.5 say 13
= 1.52 kn

=0.00635 m
DL =

= 0.415kn/m (1.5) = 0.218 kn

Weight of studs
2x2= 4 in2 = 0.00258 m2
(
DL = (

) = 60

) = 9.426 Kn/m3

(9m)) (0.00288m2) (9.426 Kn/m3) = 4.377 kn

(4m) +

DL1 = 14.591 Kn/ 30m = 0.486 Kn/m (1.5m) = 0.729 kn

DL2 = 0.365 kn

Weight of truss
W = aL (1 +

a, width = 4m = 13.123 ft
L, length = 9 m = 29.53 ft

W = (13.123 ft) (29.53 ft) (1 +

) = 521.07 kg

= 521.07 kgs (9.81 m/s2) = 5,111.7 N

DL = 5.11 Kn/ 9m = 0.568 Kn/m (1.5) = 0.852 kn

Wind load
Based from NSCP 1992, sec.2.3
P= CeCqqsI
w/r: Cq = 0.9 for outward ; 0.3 for inward
Ce = 0.7
qs = 2000 Pa
I = 1.00
Inward: P= CeCqqsI = 0.7(0.3) (20000) (1) = 0.42 Kpa
Outward: P= CeCqqsI = 0.7(0.9) (2000) (1) = 1.26 Kpa
Joints concentrated loads:
For inward:
CL1 = 0.42 (1.803) (4) = 3.03 kn

CL2 = 3.03/2 = 1.515 kn

For outward:
CL1 = 1.26 (1.803) (4) = 9.09 kn
CL1 = 9.09/2 = 4.54 kn

Total loads in top chord

F1 = live load + weigh of purlins + weight of G.I. sheet
F1 = [(7.6 kn/m) + (1.019 kn/m)] (1.019 kn/m) + 0.258
F1 = (8.619 kn/m) (1.803 kn/m) + (0.258 kn) = 15.798 KN
F1/2 = 7.899 KN

Total loads in bottom chord

W1 = weight of marine plywood + weight of the studs + live load
W1 = [(0.012 kn/m) + (0.486 kn/m) + (7.6 kn/m)] (3 m) = 24.294 KN

Getting the values for reaction:

= 0 + clockwise

9Bv = 15.798(7.5) + (15.798) (3) + (15.798) (4.5) + 15.798(6) + (15.798) (7.5) + (7.899)
(9) + 24.294(1.5) + (24.294) (1.5) + (24.294) (3) + 24.294(4.5) + (24.294) (6) + (24.294)
(7.5)
Av = Bv = 108.129 KN

right and left support reactions

Design of Howe Truss Members

Steel Properties referred to ASEP 2004

Design of Top chord

<C

Pmax = 13.76 KN (compression)

Try L 2 x 2 x

Fs = +

(double angle)
Fs = +

Fy = 248Mpa
Properties of steel section:

Fs = 1.889MPa

I = 0.42 x 106 mm4

= [1-

A = 1045 mm2

= [1-

L = 1803 mm

](

97.934 MPa

Solution:

Allowable

R= =
=

]( )

= 20.048 mm

= 89.934 mm

= 97.934 MPa

=
Actual

= 13.167 MPa

97.934 MPa> 13.167 MPa

C=

Therefore the assumed design is safe!

C = 126.169

Design of Bottom Chord

See solution of top chord for allowable

stress in bottom chord

Allowable

= 97.934 MPa

=
Pmax = 62.33 KN (tension)
Try L 2 x 2 x

(double angle)

Actual

= 59.646 MPa

97.934 MPa>59.646MPa

Therefore the assumed design is safe

Design of web members

[Vertical and diagonal braces]

Pmax = 31.73KN (tension)

Try 65 x 65 x 10
Fy = 248Mpa
L = 3000 mm (the longest length above all web members)
Properties of steel section:
A = 448 mm2
Rx= 19.76 mm
Solution:
=

C=

C = 126.169
=

= 155.360 mm

>C
=

Allowable

= 42.668 MPa
= 42.668 MPa

=
Actual

= 26.245 MPa

42.668 MPa> 26.245 MPa

Therefore the assumed design is safe!

Pmax = 23.26 KN (compression) see solution above

Allowable

= 42.668 MPa

=
Actual

= 19.239 MPa

42.668 MPa> 19.239 MPa

Therefore the assumed design is safe!

Design of Bolts Connection

Components uses:

Gusset Plate = to prevent from tearing

Bolts = to prevent from shearing

The reason why the minimum number of bolt/rivet is 2, for in case of maintenance in
changing oxidized bolts, still theres a bolt that could support the members.

Data:
Fp= 1.5 Fu
= 1.5 (414)
= 621MPa
Fv= 207 MPa
Minimum edge distance; Le is not < 1.5d = 1.5 (20) = 30 mm
Maximum distance (Le) of bolts from center to center; 12t is > 150 mm = 12 (5) = 60mm
Therefore 60mm is not < 30 mm

o.k.

Note: Shear in bolts for double shear Av = 2Area of bolts x number of bolts

Detailed of joints: - see A3 for the figure design

At Joint 1
Member 1-2 = 62.33 Kn

For shearing
Ps = AFv (2) = (
No. of Bolts =

KN
= 0.479 2 pcs

For bearing
Pb = plate thickness x bolt dia. x Fp (2)
Pb = (5) (20) (621) (2) = 124.2 Kn
No. of Bolts =

= 0.502 2 pcs

Therefore use 2-20 mm bolts

Member 1-8= 13.76 Kn

For shearing
Ps =

KN

No. of Bolts =

= 0.106

2 pcs

For bearing

Pb = 124.2 Kn
No. of Bolts =

= 0.111 2 pcs

Therefore use 2-20 mm bolts

At Joint 2
Member 2-1; use 2-20 mm bolts
Member 2-3; use 2-20 mm bolts
Member 2-8= 1.79 Kn

For shearing
Ps = 130.062Kn
No. of Bolts =

= 0.014 2 pcs

For bearing
Pb = 124.2 Kn
No. of Bolts =

= 0.014 2 pcs

Therefore use 2-20 mm bolt

At Joint 3
Member 3-2; use 3-20 mm bolts
Member 3-4= 35.34 Kn

For shearing
Ps = 130.062 Kn
No. of Bolts =

= 0.272 2 pcs

For bearing
Pb = 124.2 Kn
No. of Bolts =

= 0.285 2 pcs

Therefore use 2-20 mm bolts

Member 3-9= 11.10 Kn

For shearing
Ps = 130.062 KN
No. of Bolts=

= 0.085 2 pcs

For bearing
Pb = 124.2 Kn
No. of Bolts =

= 0.089 2 pcs

Therefore use 2-20 mm bolts

Member 3-8 = 16.78 Kn

For shearing
Ps = 130.062 Kn
No. of Bolts =

= 0.129 2 pcs

For bearing
Pb = 124.2 Kn
No. of Bolts =

= 0.135 2 pcs

Therefore use 2-20 mm bolt

At Joint 4
Member 4-3; use 2-20 mm bolts
Member 4-5; use 2-20 mm bolts
Member 4-9 = 23.26 Kn

For shearing
Ps = 130.062 Kn
No. of Bolts =

= 0.179 2 pcs

For bearing
Pb = 124.2 Kn

No. of Bolts =

Ps =

= 0.188 2 pcs

No. of Bolts =

Therefore use 2-20 mm bolts

Member 4-10 = 31.73 Kn

Pb = 124.2 Kn

Ps = 130.062 KN

No. of Bolts =
= 0.244 2 pcs

= 0.106

2 pcs

For bearing member

For shearing

No. of Bolts =

KN

= 0.111

2 pcs

Therefore use 2-20 mm bolts

For bearing
At Joint 9

Pb = 124.2 Kn

Member 9-8; use 2-20 mm bolts

No. of Bolts =

= 0.255 2 pcs

Therefore use 2-20 mm bolts

Member 4-11; use 2-20 mm bolts

Member 9-3; use 2-20 mm bolts

Member 9-4; use 2-20 mm bolts
Member 9-10; use 2-20 mm bolts

At Joint 8

At Joint 10

Member 8-1; use 2-20 mm bolts

Member 10-9; use 2-20 mm bolts

Member 8-2; use 2-20 mm bolt

Member 10-11; use 2-20 mm

bolts

Member 8-3; use 2-20 mm bolt

Member 8-9 = 13.76 Kn

For shearing

Member 10-4; use 2-20 mm bolts

Design spacing of bolts in the gusset plate

Note: Max. Le = 12t = 12(5) = 60 mm
At Joint 1
Member 1-8 Le for gusset plate
Min Le (edge distance)
=

is not < 1.5 (21)

= 13.29 is < 31.5: say 40mm

Spacing (S):
S

;S

13.29 +

;S

23.79 say 80 mm

Member 1-2 Le for gusset plate

Min Le (edge distance)
=

is not < 1.5 (21)

= 60.22 is > 31.5: say 60mm

Spacing (S):
S

;S

60.22 +

;S

70.72 say 100 mm

At Joint 2
Member 2-8 Le for gusset plate
Min Le (edge distance)
=

is not < 1.5 (21)

= 1.729 is < 31.5: say 60mm

Spacing (S):
S

;S

60.22 +

;S

70.72 say 100 mm

Member 2-3 Le for gusset plate

Min Le (edge distance)
=

is not < 1.5 (21)

= 47.188 is > 31.5: say 60mm

Spacing (S):
S

;S

47.188 +

;S

57.688 say 80 mm

At Joint 3
Member 3-4 Le for gusset plate
Min Le (edge distance)
=

is not < 1.5 (21)

= 34.145 is > 31.5: say 40mm

Spacing (S):
S

;S

34.145 +

;S

44.645 say 80 mm

Member 3-9 Le for gusset plate

Min Le (edge distance)
=

is not < 1.5 (21)

= 10.725 is not < 31.5: say 40mm

Spacing (S):
S

;S

10.725 +

;S

57.688 say 60 mm

Member 3-9 Le for gusset plate

Min Le (edge distance)
=

is not < 1.5 (21)

= 16.216 is < 31.5: say 40mm

Spacing (S):
S

;S

16.216 +

;S

26.716 say 60 mm

At Joint 4
Member 4-5 see solution member 3-4
Member 4-11 Le for gusset plate
Min Le (edge distance)
=
Spacing (S):

is not < 1.5 (21)

= 18.077 is < 31.5: say 40mm

;S

18.077 +

;S

44.645 say 60 mm

Member 4-10 Le for gusset plate

Min Le (edge distance)
=

is not < 1.5 (21)

= 30.567 is < 31.5: say 40mm

Spacing (S):
S

;S

30.567 +

;S

41.157 say 60 mm

Member 4-9 Le for gusset plate

Min Le (edge distance)
=

is not < 1.5 (21)

= 21.507 is < 31.5: say 40mm

Spacing (S):
S

;S

21.507 +

;S

41.157 say 60 mm

At Joint 5
Member 5-6 see solution member 2-3
Member 5-12 Le for gusset plate
Min Le (edge distance)
=

is not < 1.5 (21)

= 21.507 is < 31.5: say 40mm

Spacing (S):
S

;S

21.507 +

;S

41.157 say 60 mm

Member 5-11 Le for gusset plate

Min Le (edge distance)
=
Spacing (S):

is not < 1.5 (21)

= 8.957 is < 31.5: say 40mm

;S

8.957 +

;S

19.457 say 60 mm

At Joint 6
Member 6-7 see solution member 1-2
Member 6-12 see solution member 2-3
At Joint 7
Member 7-12 Le for gusset plate
Min Le (edge distance)
=

is not < 1.5 (21)

= 10.570 is < 31.5: say 40mm

Spacing (S):
S

;S

10.570 +

;S

21.070 say 60 mm

At Joint 8
Member 8-9 see solution member 1-8
At Joint 9
Member 9-10 Le for gusset plate
Min Le (edge distance)
=

is not < 1.5 (21)

= 7.507 is < 31.5: say 40mm

Spacing (S):
S

;S

7.507 +

;S

17.727 say 60 mm

At Joint 10
Member 10-11 Le for gusset plate
Min Le (edge distance)
=

is not < 1.5 (21)

= 10.754 is < 31.5: say 40mm

Spacing (S):
S

;S

10.754 +

;S

21.524 say 60 mm

Member 11-12 see solution member 7-12