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Keys & Splines
Keys & Splines
Production Engineering
and mechanical Design Department
Dr. Eng.
Mohammed A. Soliman
Associate Prof. Of Machine Design And Tribology
Fundamental Problem in
Shaft Design
K eyseat
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M ott,Figure 11-1
Types ofK eyseats
K ey C utter on H orizontal
M illing M achine
C hang,Fig.5.8,M ott,Fig.12-6
FilletR adiiand K ey C ham fers
Better Practice
Standard contains recom m ended fillet
radiiand key cham fer com binationsto
provide low er stress concentration
G eneralPractice:Zero factors.
rootfilletand cham fer “K eys and K eyseats,” A N SI
Standard B17.1-1967
1967
FilletR adiiFabrication
5
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M SC C atalog,Fanfara,Figure 3-6
Square and R ectangular
ParallelK eys
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M ott,Figure 11-1
Square and R ectangular
K ey G eom etry
“K eys and K eyseats,” A N SI
Standard B17.1-1967
1967
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H alf-dog Point
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R epresentative H olding
Pow er V alues
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Shigley,Table 8-13
Tapered K eys
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M ott,Figure 11-3
G ib H ead K eys
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M ott,Figure 11-3,Shigley,Fig.8-28
W oodruffK eys
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7
Shear Stress A nalysis ofSquare
and R ectangular ParallelK eys
7
)=
'
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) 7
IJ DYH = =
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7
IJ DYH =
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M ott,Fig.11-4(b)
R equired K ey Length
(Shear)
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7 6 \W
IJ DYH = =
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6\W
IJ DOO =
1 VI
71 IV
/V =
6\W ':
Bearing Stress:Square and
R ectangular ParallelK eys
) 71 IV
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$E ı EDOO = .6\F '+
1 IV
7
)= TriaxialStress Factor
'
≤ . ≤
$ E = +/
M ott,Fig.11-4(a)
C om parison ofShear and
Bearing Length Equations
71 IV 71 IV
/V = /E =
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Stress A nalysis of
W oodruffK eys
%
%
− GV
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æ %ö æ % ö
ç ÷ = ç − GV ÷ + $
èø è ø
Shear A nalysis of
W oodruffK eys
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% èø è ø
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− GV
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7
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Shear Pins
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M ott,Fig.11-9
Stress C oncentration Factors
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R .E.Peterson,Stress C oncentration
Factors,W iley,N ew Y ork,1974.
A ssignm ent
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Splines
Fundamental Problem in
Shaft Design
External Spline
Internal Spline
www.advanceadapters.com
Spline Standards
G Parameter dimensions
are controlled by the fit
needed for a particular
application.
T = 1,000 ⋅ N ⋅ R ⋅ h
1æD dö D+d
R= ç + ÷=
2è 2 2ø 4
h = (D − d )
1
2
D+d 1
T = 1,000 ⋅ N ⋅ ⋅ (D − d )
4 2
T = Torque per unit length
N = Number of teeth æ D2 − d 2 ö
T = 1,000 ⋅ N ⋅ çç ÷÷
D = Major spline diameter è 8 ø
d = Minor spine diameter
d = f (D)
Torque Capacity Curves
(SAE Straight-Tooth Splines)
Standard Lengths
Common designs use spline lengths of 0.75 D to 1.25 D,
where D is the pitch diameter of the spline. When these
standard lengths are used, the shear strength of the splines
will exceed that of the shaft from which they are made.
Spline Manufacturing Methods
Splines are either “cut” (machined) or rolled. Rolled
splines are stronger than cut splines due to the cold
working of the metal. Nitriding is common to achieve
very hard surfaces which reduce wear.
www.drivetraindirect.com
Spline Failure Example
www.tsubaki.com
Polygons
An alternative to splines that has significantly
lower stress concentration is the polygon. Four
and three lobed polygons are shown.
www.generalpolygon.com
Retaining Rings
G Retaining rings are used on shafts to
maintain the axial position of
components.
Internal
www.rotorclip.com
Different Types of Retaining
Rings
www.mdmetric.com
Spring Loaded Retaining Rings
G“Bowed” retaining rings provide restoring
forces to the components being held.
G An alternative to attaching
components to shafts is to
machine the components
directly onto the shaft.
G Complex combinations of
components can be obtained
using modern CNC turning
centers. www.astas.co.za/shafts.html
Assignment