Reg. No.

Question Paper Code :

53030

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2010 Third Semester Automobile Engineering

AT 2203 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS (Regulation 2008) Time : Three hours

Answer ALL questions

PART A (10 2 = 20 Marks) 1.

Why does a bicycle pick up speed on a downhill road even when it is not pedaled? Does this violate the conservation of energy principle? A room is heated as a result of solar radiation coming in through the windows. Is this a heat or work interaction for the room? Is it possible for a heat engine to operate without rejecting any waste heat to a lower temperature reservoir? A system undergoes a process between two fixed states first in a reversible manner and then in an irreversible manner. For which case is the entropy change is greater? Why? What is the difference between triple point and critical point? Why is excessive moisture in steam undesirable in steam turbine? What is the highest moisture content allowed? Define mass and mole fractions. What does Joule Thomson coefficient represent?

2.

3.

4.

5. 6.

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7. 8.

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(Use of standard thermodynamic tables, Mollier diagram, psychrometric chart and refrigerant tables permitted)

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Maximum : 100 Marks

9. 10.

How do constant-enthalpy and constant wet bulb temperature lines compare on the psychrometric chart? How does humidity affect human comfort?

PART B (5 16 = 80 Marks) 11. (a)

A 50 kg iron block at 80C is dropped into an insulated tank that contains 0.5 m3 of liquid water at 25C. Determine the temperature when the thermal equilibrium is researched. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3. The specific heats of iron block and water are 0.45 kJ/kg K and 4.0187 kJ/kg K respectively. (16) Or

(b)

In rural areas, water is often extracted from underground by pumps. Consider an underground water source whose free surface is 60 m below ground level. The water is to be raised 5 m above the ground by the pump. The diameter of the pipe is 15 cm at the inlet and 20 cm at the exit. Neglecting any heat interaction with the surroundings and frictional heating effects, determine the power input to the pump required for the steady flow of water at the rate of 0.015 m3/s. (16) (i)

12.

(a)

A rigid tank contains 5 kg of refrigerant initially at 20C and 140 kPa. The refrigerant is cooled while being stirred until its pressure drops to 100 kPa. Determine the entropy change of the refrigerant during this process. (8) Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 5 Mpa and 450C and leaves at a pressure of 1.4 MPa. Determine the work output of the turbine per unit mass steam flowing through the turbine if the process is reversible, with valid assumptions. (8) Or

(ii)

(b)

Steam enters a turbine steadily at 3 MPa and 450C at a rate of 8 kg/s and exits at 0.2 MPa and 150C. The steam is losing heat to the surrounding air at 100 kPa and 25C at a rate of 300 kW and the kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible. Determine the actual power output, the maximum possible power output (the reversible power), the second law efficiency, the energy destroyed and the energy of the stream at the inlet conditions. (16) A piston cylinder device contains 0.1 m3 of liquid water and 0.9 m3 of water vapour in equilibrium at 800 kPa. Heat is transferred at a constant pressure until the temperature reaches 350C. What is the initial temperature of water? Determine the total mass of water, calculate the final volume and show the process on a P-V diagram with respect to saturation line. (16) Or 2

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13. (a)

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53030

(b)

(i) (ii)

How do actual vapour power cycles differ from idealized one?

(4)

14.

(a)

(i)

The composition of moist air is given on a mole basis: 60 percent N2, 20 percent O2 and 2 percent water vapour. Determine the mass fractions of the constituents of air. (3) Using Daltons law, show that
k i =1

(ii)

Z m = Z yi Z i For a real gas mixture of k gases, where Z is the

compressibility factor Or (b) (i) (ii)

Describe the inversion line and maximum inversion temperature. (6)

15.

(a)

(i)

(ii)

The dry and wet-bulb temperature of atmospheric air at 95 kPa are 25 and 20C, respectively. Determine the specific humidity, relative humidity and the enthalpy of the air. (10) Or

(b)

(i) (ii)

At what states on the psychometric chart are the dry-bulb, wet-bulb and dew-point temperatures identical? (4) Two air streams are mixed steadily and adiabatically. The first stream enters at 32C and 40 percent relative humidity at the rate of 20 m3/min, while the second stream enters at 12C and 90 percent relative to humidity at a rate of 25 m3/min. Assuming that the mixing process occurs at a pressure of 1 atm, determine the specific humidity, the relative humidity, the dry-bulb temperature and the volume flow rate of the mixture. (12)

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Explain how vapour pressure of the ambient air is determined when the temperature, total pressure and the relative humidity of the air are given. (6)

Using the Maxwells relations and the ideal-gas equation of state, S (10) determine a relation for for an ideal gas. V T

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(13)

A steam power plant operates on a simple Rankine cycle between the pressure limits of 3 Mpa and 50 kpa. The temperature of the steam at the turbine inlet is 400C and the mass flow rate of steam through cycle is 25 kg/s. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines. Determine the thermal efficiency of the cycle and the net output of the power plant. (12)

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