Adult CPR Steps

These adult CPR steps are intended for victims over 12 years old.

Check the Scene

- make sure it is safe for you to help. Don't become another victim.

Check the Victim

- tap and shout to get response.

Call for Help

- call 9-1-1, or tell someone to call. If you are alone with an adult, call first then start CPR if needed. Call for any unconscious victim, whether they are breathing or not.

Circulation
- pump the chest 30 times. Place the heel of one hand in the center of the chest and your other hand on top of it. Press chest down 2 inches at a rate of 100 per minute (16 compressions in 10 seconds).

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Airway
- tilt head back, lift chin up to open airway.

Breathing
- Pinch nose closed, take a normal breath, cover victim's mouth with yours and blow out your breath until you see the chest rise. Give a second breath. Take about 1 second per breath. If chest doesn't rise, open airway again.

Repeat C - A - B
until help arrives or the victim begins breathing. If there are two rescuers, one does the breathing and one does the compressions - CPR steps and ratios remain the same.

Just remember

to save a life!

Becoming familiar with these adult CPR instructions will help you in performing CPR on adults using the correct procedures. This is only a quick review of the skills needed and should not be used as training, but can be a useful refresher. CPR is a simple skill that may help you save someone's life. It happens every day, but more often the life is lost because bystanders have not been trained in effective adult CPR which includes compressions and breaths.

Child CPR Steps

Notice that these child CPR steps for victims 1 to 12 years old are nearly identical to adult CPR steps with the following key differences:

Perform 5 cycles of CPR (about 2 minutes) before calling 9-1-1 if you are alone.

Check the Scene

- make sure it is safe for you to help. Don't become another victim.

Check the Victim

- tap and shout to get response.

Call for Help

- If no response, tell someone to call 9-1-1. If you are alone, perform 5 cycles of CPR First, then call 9-1-1. Even if the child is breathing, call 9-1-1 for any unconscious victim.

Circulation
- pump the chest 30 times. Place the heel of one hand in the center of the chest and your other hand on top of it. Press chest down about 2 inches at a rate of 100 per minute (16 in 10 seconds).

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Airway
- tilt head back, lift chin up to open airway.

Breathing
- Pinch nose closed, take a normal breath, cover victim's mouth with yours and blow out your breath until you see the chest rise. Give a second breath. Take about 1 second per breath. If chest doesn't rise, open airway again.

Repeat C - A - B
Until help arrives or the victim begins breathing. If there are two rescuers, one does the breathing and one does the compressions - CPR steps and ratios remain the same.

Remember

to save a child's life!

Becoming familiar with these child CPR instructions will help you in performing CPR correctly. This quick review of skills should not be used as training, but can be a useful refresher.

Infant CPR Steps

Notice that these infant CPR steps for victims under 1 year old are nearly identical to adult CPR steps with the following key differences:

Be careful not to tilt the head too far. If you are alone, perform 5 cycles of CPR (about 2 minutes) then call 911 Cover mouth and nose with your mouth. Use two fingertips instead of two hands for chest compressions.

Check the Scene

- make sure it is safe for you to help. Don't become another victim.

Check the Victim

- tap and shout to get response.

Call for Help

- If no response, tell someone to call 9-1-1. If you are alone, perform 5 cycles of CPR First, then call 9-1-1. Call 9-1-1 for any unconscious victim, including an infant that is breathing.

Circulation
- pump the chest 30 times. Place two fingertips of one hand in the center of the chest. Press chest down about 1 1/2 inches at a rate of 100 per minute (16 in 10 seconds).

Airway
- tilt head back, lift chin up to open airway.

Breathing
- Take a normal breath, cover victim's mouth and nose with your mouth, and give a breath until the chest rises. Give a second breath. Take about 1 second per breath. If chest doesn't rise, open airway again.

Repeat C - A - B
until help arrives or the victim begins breathing.

If there are two rescuers, one does the breathing and one does the compressions - CPR steps and ratios remain the same.

Remember

to save an infant's life at any time!

Becoming familiar with these infant CPR instructions will help you in performing CPR correctly. This quick review of skills should not be used as training, but can be a useful refresher.

Adult and Child Choking

Check the Scene
- make sure it is safe for you to help the choking victim. Don't become another victim yourself.

Check the Victim

- Ask if they are choking. If they cannot cough, speak, or breathe, then they need help.

Call for Help

- Tell someone to call 9-1-1. If you are alone with an adult, skip this step until later - it's more important to fix the choking.

Back Blows and Abdominal Thrusts

Give 5 back blows: o Stand slightly behind the victim. o Place one arm diagonally across the victim's chest for support and lean him forward. o With the heel of your other hand, strike the victim firmly between the shoulder blades. Give 5 abdominal thrusts: o Place the thumb side of your fist just above the victim's belly button. o Grab your fist with your free hand. o Pull quick, upward thrusts to dislodge the object.

Repeat Back Blows and Abdominal Thrusts

Until the object is forced out, the victim can breathe, or the victim becomes unconscious.

Infant Choking
Check the Scene
- make sure it is safe for you to help the choking victim. become another victim yourself. Don't

Check the Victim

- If the parent is there, identify yourself and ask if you can help. If the infant cannot cough, cry, or breathe, then they need help.

Call for Help

- Tell someone to call 9-1-1. If you are alone with an infant, skip this step until later - it's more important to fix the choking.

Blows and Thrusts

Carefully hold the infant face down on your forearm, your hand supporting its head and neck Strike the infant directly between the shoulder blades with the heel of your other hand 5 times Turn the infant over and position two fingers in the center of the chest Give 5 1/2 to 1 inch deep chest thrusts

Repeat Blows and Thrusts

Until the object is forced out, the infant starts breathing, or the infant becomes unconscious.

CPR FOR BABY FIRST Get somebody to call EMERGENCY immediately (911 in US) If you are alone do CPR for a full 2 minutes before calling. No Longer Recommended:

Do not try to check pulse Do not remove water from lungs if drowning Water in the lungs does not obstruct CPR and attempting to remove it may cause damage. Risk: No documentation that HIV or AIDS has ever been transmitted by CPR. Additional steps on how to do CPR procedure for a baby

(if you are alone, read ALL of the following below and do the cycle for 2 full minutes before calling emergency, and then continue CPR) 1. If baby does not respond to tapping on shoulder or a shout, lay baby on its back. 2. Open mouth with fingers and be sure that tongue is not blocking throat. Do not do this without looking. Use finger sweep to remove any blockage.Do not do a blind finger sweep. Look at what you are doing. 3. If not possible neck injury, place hand on forehead and other hand under chin, and gently tilt head back to free tongue so as not to block windpipe. 4. Cover mouth and nose with your mouth or hold nose shut and blow 2 times (chest should rise). If air does not seem to be going through or chest does NOT rise when doing breaths, look inside mouth using finger sweep to remove any blockage. Do not do a blind finger sweep. Look at what you are doing.

5. Put middle two fingers (3rd and 4th) in middle of chest just below level of nipples. 6. Gently press down 30 times about 1/3 of depth of chest at a rate of a little less than about 2 per second (100 per minute) 7. CYCLE: 2 breaths (both mouth and nose covered) and then 30 chest presses (a little less than 2 per second) with middle fingers 8. If you feel pulse return, continue with breaths only. 9. Continue until there is movement or rescue team comes. 10. If baby vomits, turn the head to the side and try to sweep out or wipe off the vomit. Continue with CPR.

CPR FOR CHILD (8 years old or under) FIRST immediately (911 in US) If you are alone do CPR for 2 full minutes before calling. No Longer Recommended:

Do not try to check pulse Do not remove water from lungs if drowning Water in the lungs does not obstruct CPR and attempting to remove it may cause damage. Risk: No documentation that HIV or AIDS has ever been transmitted by CPR.

How to do CPR on a child (If you are alone, do steps 1 thru 6 and do the cycle 2 full minutes before calling emergency, and then continue CPR) 1. Place on back 2. Look inside mouth using finger sweep to remove any blockage. Do not do a blind finger sweep. Look at what you are doing. 3. If not possibility of neck injury, gently tilt head back to free tongue from blocking windpipe (hand on forehead and other hand under chin) 4. Hold nose shut - cover mouth with your mouth and give 2 breaths (each 2 seconds and see chest rise) If air does not seem to be going through or chest does NOT rise when doing breaths, look inside mouth using finger sweep to remove any blockage. Do not do a blind finger sweep. Look at what you are doing. 5. Then put heel of one hand on the center of the chest (midway between nipples) 6. Press down about 1/3 of depth of chest 30 times at a rate of a little less than about 2 per second (100 per minute) 7. CYCLE: Repeat 2 breaths and 30 chest press 8. If you feel pulse return, continue with breaths only 9. Continue until there is movement or rescue team comes 10. If child vomits, turn the head to the side and try to sweep out or wipe off the vomit. Continue with

CPR. CPR FOR ADULT (anyone over 8 years old)

(the older the individual, the greater the possibility of a heart problem and the need for professional care as soon as possible)

No Longer Recommended:

Do not try to check pulse Do not remove water from lungs if drowning Water in the lungs does not obstruct CPR and attempting to remove it may cause damage. Risk: No documentation that HIV or AIDS has ever been transmitted by CPR.

CPR doubles a person's chance of survival from sudden cardiac arrest. [Eisenberg]

What are CPR procedures for an adult IMPORTANT: CALL EMERGENCY FIRST if at all possible due to possibility of heart attack or other emergency event. 1. Place on back 2. Open mouth with fingers and be sure that tongue or something else is not blocking throat. Do not do this without looking. Use finger sweep to remove any blockage. Do not do a blind finger sweep. Look at what you are doing. 3. If not possibility of neck injury, place hand on forehead and other hand under chin, and gently tilt head back to free tongue so not blocking windpipe 4. Hold nose shut - cover mouth with your mouth and give 2 breaths (each 1.5-2 seconds and see chest rise) If air does not seem to be going through or chest does NOT rise when doing breaths, look inside mouth using finger sweep to remove any blockage. Do not do a blind finger sweep. Look at what you are doing. 5. Put heel of one hand midway between nipples and put other hand on top of first 6. Press down 30 times to a depth of about 1 1/2 to 2 inches at a rate of a little less than about 2 per second (100 per minute) 7. CYCLE: Repeat 2 breaths followed by 30 chest presses 8. If you feel pulse return, continue with breaths only 9. Continue until movement or rescue team comes 10. If person vomits, turn the head to the side and try to sweep out or wipe off the vomit. Continue with CPR.

Extra procedure which may add to effectiveness of CPR (procedure not yet approved by American Heart Association) Studies indicate that if another person presses down gently on the stomach above naval, immediately after the chest is pressed down, the recovery rate is greater. Must be done in rhythm. See discussion below. Source: See Purdue.edu below. *If person was drowning, do not attempt to remove water from person. "There is no evidence that water acts as an obstructive foreign body, and time should not be wasted in attempting to remove water from the victim. Such maneuvers can cause injury butmore importantly will delay CPR, particularly support of airway and ventilation." [AHA 001]