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Renewable Energy Systems: Prof. Dr. Muğdeşem TANRIÖVEN
Renewable Energy Systems: Prof. Dr. Muğdeşem TANRIÖVEN
Renewable Energy Systems: Prof. Dr. Muğdeşem TANRIÖVEN
Power-Speed Curve
P (kW) 1500 1500/64
P (kW)
1000 600
1000/54
PR
600/42
Ideal
PR
PR (PRated)
Max. Power that a Generator can Produce
Wind Power is decreased via Pitch Control or Rotor Blades are Designed as less efficient at High Wind Speed (pasive control)
v (m/s)
vc-i
vR
vc-o
P (kW) PR
Bigger Generator
vc-i
vR
vc-o
WIND FARMS
Wind farms includes more than one (several) wind turbine(s) in same region. Advantages of Wind Farms :
Rzgr iftliinin Verimi [%]
100 90
80
+ Lower Cost
+ Easy Connection + Easy Operation and Maintenance Disadvantages and important situations : - Distance between turbines. - Topology of grid connection.
70
n Wiind Turbines
60
Curve moves downward while n increases
50 0.0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
This figure shows relationship which is between tower distance and rotor diameter.
% =
100
WIND FARMS
At least turbine affect the other one when the distance which is between them, is 9 times rotor diameter. Annual energy which is produced in wind farm, is calculated using this formula ;
8760
Optimum distance for turbines which are in same row, 3 -5 times, for lines it is 5-9 times rotor diameter.
Wind
=
=1
()
Herein () shows power-speed characteristic of turbines, is the number of turbines, is efficiency of wind farm.
Wind
(59) ti Dia mes R me o ter tor
Wind
WIND FARMS
EXAMPLE: In a wind farm, distance between turbines is 4 times rotor diameter . Distance between two different row is 7 times rotor diameter. [4D x 7D matrix]. Wind turbine efficieny is %30 and matrix efficiency is %80 ; a) Compute the annual energy production per area [ Wind Power at Rotor hub height (50): 400W/m2 (Wind class 4)] b)When area is rented for 100$/Hectares, compute the rent cost for every single kwh.
SOLUTION:
7D 7D
4D
Area for one Turbine Wind Turbine
4D
WIND FARMS
WIND FARMS
Grid Connection of Wind Turbines. There are two connection types : 1) Radial Network 2) Ring Network
Seperator Seperator Seperator
Topology 2 (Radial)
Rzgr Trbini
Topology 1 (Radial)
Radial Feeder
Seperator
Breaker
Seperator
Seperator
Seperator
Seperator
Seperat or
Breaker
Wind Turbine
Wind Turbine
+Economic
- Less Reliable
+ Better reliability
WIND FARMS
Topology 3 (Radial)
Wind Turbine
Topology 4 (Ring)
Wind Turbine
Seperato r
Seperator
Seperator Breaker
Main Feeder
Seperator
Seperato r
Seperator Breaker
Sub-Feeder
Breaker Breaker Transformer LV/MV or MV/HV
Ring Fider
Sub-Feeder
Seperato r Seperator Seperato r Breaker
Breaker
Seperator
Seperator
Seperato r
Breaker
Wind Turbine
Wind Turbine