1 A Steam Boiler consists of two principal parts: the furnace, which provides heat, usually by burning a fuel, and

the boiler proper, a device in which the heat changes water into steam. A steam boiler is driven by steam generated under pressure in a boiler. The amount of steam that can be generated per hour depends upon the rate of combustion of the fuel in the furnace and upon the efficiency of heat transfer to the boiler proper. Water Tube Boiler (also spelled water-tube and water tube) is a type of boiler in which water circulates in tubes heated e ternally by the fire. !uel is burned inside the furnace, creating hot gas which heats water in the steam-generating tubes. "n smaller boilers, additional generating tubes are separate in the furnace, while larger utility boilers rely on the waterfilled tubes that ma#e up the walls of the furnace to generate steam. Fire tube boiler A fire-tube boiler is a type of boiler in which hot gases from a fire pass through one or more tubes running through a sealed container of water. The heat of the gases is transferred through the walls of the tubes by thermal conduction, heating the water and ultimately creating steam. Superheated steam is steam at a temperature that is higher than its vapori$ation (boiling) point at the absolute pressure where the temperature measurement is ta#en% and therefore, the steam can cool (lose internal energy) by some amount, resulting in a lowering of its temperature without changing state (i.e., condensing) from a gas, to a mi ture of saturated vapor and li&uid. "f saturated steam (a mi ture of both gas and saturated vapor) is heated at constant pressure, its temperature will also remain constant as the vapor &uality (thin# dryness, or percent saturated vapor) increases towards 1''(, and becomes dry (i.e., no saturated li&uid) saturated steam. )ontinued heat input will then *super* heat, the dry saturated steam. This will occur if saturated steam contacts a surface with a higher temperature. Sensible heat is heat e changed by a body or thermodynamic system that has as its sole effect a change of temperature

The term is used in contrast to a latent heat, which is the amount of heat e changed that is hidden, meaning it occurs without change of temperature. !or e ample, during a phase change such as the melting of ice, the temperature of the system containing the

ice and the li&uid is constant until all ice has melted. Saturated steam is, in contrast to superheated, steam that is in e&uilibrium with heated water at the same pressure, i.e., it has not been heated past the boiling point for that pressure...

"f saturated steam is reduced in temperature (whilst retaining its pressure) it will condense to produce water droplets, even if it is still considerably above the boiling point of 1'' +) at standard pressure. These condensation droplets are a cause of damage to steam turbine blades,,-. the reason why such turbines rely on a supply of dry, superheated steam.

latent heat characteristic amount of energy absorbed or released by a substance during a change in its physical state that occurs without changing its temperature. The latent heat associated with melting a solid or free$ing a li&uid is called the heat of fusion% that associated with vapori$ing a li&uid or a solid or condensing a vapour is called the heat of vapori$ation. The latent heat is normally e pressed as the amount of heat (in units of /oules or calories) per mole or unit mass of the substance undergoing a change of state. Exhaust Gas Boilers are normally built to regenerate heat from comparatively large flue gas &uantities at a not very high temperature and with a limited pressure loss. To fulfill these demands, the boilers ought to be provided with tubes with e tended surfaces on the gas-side. This can be achieved by means of pinned tubes, as in this e ample, or finned tubes. Composite boilers are often used in con/unction with 0iesel machinery, since if the e haust gas from the engine is low in temperature due to slow running of the engine and reduced power output% the pressure of the steam can be maintained by means of an oil fired furnace. 1team supply can also be maintained by these types of boilers when the engine is not in operation.