BC 101 : COMPUTER APPLICATION

INTERNET
NOR SHARIDAH BINTI MOHD ROSLAN AMIRUL IZWAN BIN MAT SUDI MUHAMMAD ZULHALIM BIN JALKAPE SULASIYAH BINTI HAMIDI MUHAMMAD MIKHAIL BIN ABDUL JALIL (19DMA192006) (19DMA13F2016) (19DMA13F2020) (19DMA13F2008)

WHAT IS INTERNET?
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve several billion users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope. These network are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies.

 The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services. such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW), the infrastructure to support email, and peerto-peer networks.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

In 1960s, first concept of internet (ARPANet). The second piece of network equipment was installed at Stanford Research Institute (SRI). Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols.

 In 1982, the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was standardized, and consequently, the concept of a worldwide network of interconnected TCP/IP networks(Internet) was introduced. Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation (NSF) developed the Computer Science Network (CSNET). The Internet was commercialized in 1995.

 Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has had a revolutionary impact on culture and commerce. electronic mail, instant messaging, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) "phone calls", twoway interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web (WWW) with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites. Increasing amounts of data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic networks operating at 1-Gbit/s, 10-Gbit/s, or more. The Internet's takeover of the global communication landscape was almost instant in historical terms: it only communicated 1%

ETHICS AND RULES

Internet ethics means acceptable behaviour for using internet. We should be honest, respect the rights and property of others on the internet. Ethics are a set of moral principles that govern an individual or a group on what is acceptable behaviour while using a computer. Computer ethics is a set of moral principles that govern the usage of computers.

 Acceptance - One has to accept that Internet is not a value free-zone .It means World Wide Web is a place where values are considered in the broadest sense so we must take care while shaping content and services and we should recognize that internet is not apart from universal society but it is a primary component of it. Sensitivity to National and Local cultures - It belongs to all and there is no barrier of national and local cultures. It cannot be subject to one set of values like the local TV channel or the local newspaper We have to accommodate multiplicity of usage.

 While using e-Mail and chatting - Internet must be used for communication with family and friends. Avoid chatting with strangers and forwarding e-mails from unknown people /strangers. And we must teach children about risks involved in chatting and forwarding e-mails to strangers. Pretending to be someone else - We must not use internet to fool others by pretending to be someone else. Hiding our own identity to fool others in the Internet world is a crime and may also be a risk to others. Its our responsibility to teach children the same.

ADVANTANGES OF INTERNET
1) Information on almost every subject imaginable. 2) Powerful search engines 3) Ability to do research from your home versus research libraries. 4) Information at various levels of study. Everything from scholarly articles to ones directed at children. 5) Message boards where people can discuss ideas on any topic. Ability to get wide range of opinions. People can find others that have a similar interest in whatever they are interested in.

DISADVANTANGES OF INTERNET
1) There is a lot of wrong information on the internet. Anyone can post anything, and much of it is garbage. 2) There are predators that hang out on the internet waiting to get unsuspecting people in dangerous situations. 3) Some people are getting addicted to the internet and thus causing problems with their interactions of friends and loved ones. 4) Pornography that can get in the hands of young children too easily.

 5) Easy to waste a lot of time on the internet. You can start surfing, and then realize far more time has passed than you realized. Internet and television together of added to the more sedentary lifestyles of people which further exacerbates the obesity problem.

GLOSSARY OF INTERNET
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line is a technology for transmitting digital information at a high bandwidth on existing phone lines to homes and businesses. Blogging - writing on or otherwise using online journals known as web logs or blogs. Cable Modem - Primary competitor to ADSL, uses digital information transmitted over a cable television infrastructure. CSS - Cascading Style Sheets; while HTML dictates the content of page, CSS regulates the format, including headers, footers, navigation bars. Cyberbully - A bully who harasses his or her victims online through various means such as spamming, defaming or negative impersonation of the victim. Dial-Up - A method of connection to the internet using existing copper phone lines using a modem on the client's end to send information at a slow speed, normally reaching maximum speed at about 56 kbit/s.

 Egosurfer - someone who searches the Internet for references of himself/herself. Fail - The opposite of "win", "fail" expresses an ability to incorrectly perform acts ranging from idiotically simple to impossibly difficult, often consisting of an amusing element. Flamer - A flamer is someone who makes degrading or insulting remarks on a forum or other Internet message board, the verb of which is "flame". Friending - the act of making and adding friends online through social networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace. FTP - Protocol to exchange files between two computers.

 The Game - A popular mind game, often referred to on public message boards as a way to irritate other users. Googling - searching through the Google search engine Griefer - A player of an online game who harasses other players. HTML - HyperText Markup Language, the coding language used to create hypertext documents for the World Wide Web. ID-10-T - clueless user; everybody giving a hard time to (computer) administrators Leet - Leet, or "1337", (from elite) is someone who is unnaturally adept at a certain trait or ability.

 Mouse Potato - someone who spends a lot of time at the computer, in analogy to a couch potato who spends a lot of time watching TV. Also known as a "Comp Head" in relation to a crack cocaine addict, or "coke head". Noob - A new or unexperienced person, someone who does not know the rules of a website, or has only recently joined. Phishing - The act of attempting to obtain private or sensitive information such as user names, passwords and credit card information through the use of fake emails from trustworthy sites. PHP - PHP Hypertext Preprocessor, the coding language to create interactive web pages and so forth.

 POP3 - Protocol to retrieve email. Redditor - A person who scours the Internet for media and posts the findings on the Reddit website. SMTP - Protocol to send email. Spamming - the act of sending unsolicited email or posting many useless messages in a forum website. Trashers - someone who searches for information via whatever means needed which would compromise the security of a site. This activity often includes searching trash or refuse disposed in recycle bins of from the facility. Troll - someone who attempts to gain infamy in chat or on forums by use of but not limited to links to disturbing items, bashing (fighting, put down) with others, copying or mimicking other's real posts into perverted messages.

 Tweet - a small message sent by a user of the website Twitter. Unfriend - The act of removing someone from a list of friends on social networking profiles of Facebook, MySpace or Bebo. It is also the Oxford dictionary's 2009 Word of the Year. Win - Similar to "leet", "win" expresses an ability to perform an otherwise impossible act through pure luck or practice, or an object or statement that constitutes an amusing or amazing element. Youtuber - a person who produces video content for the video-sharing site Youtube.