1.- Normal flow rate to real flow rate Normal flow rate data Vn = Pn = Tn = 7.53 273.

15 Nm3/h K Operation absolute pressure Pop = Patm_loc + Pop Patm_loc = Pop = Pop = Pop = Local atmospheric pressure Patm_loc = 80 kPa Operating conditions Pop = 600 top = 10 80 600 680.00 680,000 kPa kPa (g) kPa Pa Real flow rate data V= Pop = top =

2.- Real

101,325 Pa

Real volumetric flow rate (Pn/Pop) * (Top/Tn) * Vn V= Pn = 101,325 273.15 680,000 283.15 7.53 1.16 Pa K Pa C Nm3/h m3/h Tn = Pop = Top = Vn = V=

Local atmospheric pressure Patm_loc = Normal conditions Pn = Tn =

kPa (g) C

Operation absolute temperature Top = top + 273.15 top = Top = 10 283.15 C K

Operation absolute temperatu Top = top = Top =

Rev. cjc 26.02.2013

3.- Normal flow rate to real flow rate Normal flow rate data Nm3/h Vn = 7.53 top = Hloc = Pop_g = 10 1949 600.0 C m.a.s.l. kPa (g)

Patm_oc = f(H)

4.- Real flow rat Real flow rate data V= top = Hloc = Pop_g =

Operation conditions Pop = 680,000 Top = 283

Pa K

Normal conditions Pn = 101,325 Tn = 273.15

Pa K H= Patm_loc =

Patm_Loc = 101,325* (1 -2,25577E-5 * H)^5,25588

Patm_Loc = 101,325* (1 -2,25577E-5 * H)^5,

H= Patm_loc =

1949 80.00

m.a.s.l. kPa (abs) Real volumetric flow rate (Pn/Pop) * (Top/Tn) * Vn V= Pn = Tn = Pop = Top = Vn = V= 101,325 273 680,000 283.15 7.53 1.16 Pa K Pa C Nm3/h m /h
3

Operation pressure Pop = Pop_g + Patm_loc Pop_g = Patm_loc = Pop = Pop = 600.00 80.00 680.00 kPa (g) kPa kPa

Operation pressure Pop = Pop_g = Patm_loc = Pop = Pop =

680,000 Pa

Operation absolute temperature Top = top +273.15 top = 10 C

Operation absolute temperatu Top = top =

Top =

283.15

Top =

Rev. cjc. 01.08.2013

2.- Real flow rate to normal flow rate Operation absolute pressure Pop = Patm_loc + Pop m3/h kPa (g) C Patm_loc = Pop = Pop = Pop = 80 600 680 680,000 kPa kPa (g) kPa Pa

Real flow rate data 1.16 600 10

Local atmospheric pressure 80 kPa

Normal volumetric flow rate (Pop/Pn) * (Tn/Top) * V Vn = Pop = 680,000 101,325 273.15 283.15 1.2 7.53 Pa Pa K C m3/h Nm3/h Pn = Tn = Top = V= Vn =

Normal conditions 101,325 273.15 Pa K

Operation absolute temperature top + 273.15 10 283.15 C K

4.- Real flow rate to normal flow rate

Ploc = f(H)

Real flow rate data 1.2 10 1949 600

m3/h C m.a.s.l. kPa (g)

Operation conditions Pop = 680,000 Top = 283.15

Pa K

Normal conditions Pn = 101,325 Tn = 273.15

Pa K

atm_Loc

= 101,325* (1 -2,25577E-5 * H)^5,25588

1949 80.00

m.a.s.l. kPa (abs)

Normal volumetric flow rate (Pop/Pn) * (Tn/Top) * V Vn = Pop = Pn = Tn = Top = V= Vn = 679,999.9 Pa 101,325 273.15 283.15 1.2 7.53 Pa K C m3/h Nm3/h

Operation pressure Pop_g + Patm_loc 600.00 80.00 680.00 680,000 kPa (g) kPa kPa Pa

Operation absolute temperature top +273.15 10 C

283.15

FAD volume flow rate Free air delivery (FAD) is the volume of air delivered under the conditions of temperature and pressure existing at the compressor's intake (state 2). V2 = V1 * (P1 - RH1 * Psat.water_1) / (P2 - RH2 * Psat.water_2) * (T2 / T1)

1.- Normal flow rate (state 1) to FAD flow rate (state 2) Normal air conditions (State 1) V1 = 480 Nm3/h P1 = RH1 = t1= T1 = Psat.water_1 = Psat.water_1 = 101,325 0 0 273 f(T1) 609.6 Pa C K Pa

FAD conditions (State 2)) P2 = 73,400 RH2 = 0.42 t2= Psat.water_2 = Psat.water_2 = T2 = V2 = 22 f(T2) 2645.1 295 726.99

Pa C Pa K
m3/h (FAD)
Rev. cjc 26.02.2013

Psat.water1 = t1= T1 = Psat.water1 =

100000 * EXP(153.5411 + 0.066953 *(D36) - 0.0000505796 * (D36)^ 2 + 0.00000002183911 * (D36) ^ 3 0 273 609.6 C K Pa

Free air delivered (FAD) Free air delivery is the volume of air delivered under the conditions of temperature and pressure existing at the compressor`s intake (state 2).

To obtain the volume flow rate at the intake conditions (2), knowing the volume flowrate at the standard conditions (1), one applicates Boyle-Mariot law between both cases. Since we want a value of dry air, Boyle-Mariot is to be applied to the dry air. Thus, dry air partial pressures are to be used. - Since normal air is a dry air (da), the total air pressure at this conditions is the same as the partial dry air pressure Pda_1 = P1 - Pw_1 with an air without water vapor Pw_1 = 0 thus Pda_1 = P1

- The partial pressure of the dry air (da) in the ambient air (2) is Pda_2 = P2 - Pw_2 P2 : Total pressure of ambient air (state 2) Pw_2 : Partial pressure of water vapor in sate 2 where the water vapor pressure is calculated as Pw_2 = f2 * Psat.water_2 with f2 : Psat.water_2 = Relative humidity of ambient air (Also, indicated as RH) Pressure of saturated water vapor at ambient temperatute "t2"

Thus, Boyle-Mariot is applied as

Determination of dry air flowrate (V2) that is to be sucked at the compressor's intake to obtain the desired volume flowrate (V1) V1 = 480 Nm3/h Intake or local conditions (2) t2 = 22 C T2 = P2 = RH2 =
Psat.water_2 =

Normal conditions (1) t1 = 0 T1 = P1 = RH1 =

Psat.water_1 =

C K Pa Pa

273.15 101,325 0 609.6

295 73,400 0.42 2645.1

K Pa Pa

V2 = V1 = P1 =

V1 * (P1 - RH1 * Psat.water_1) / (P2 - RH2 * Psat.water_2) * (T2 / T1) 480 Nm3/h 101,325 Pa

RH1 = t1= Psat.wate1 = P2= RH2 = t2= Psat.wate_2 = T2 = T1 = V2 =

0 0 609.6 73,400 0.42 22 2645.1 295 273

C Pa Pa C Pa K K

726.99 m3/h (FAD)

Saturation pressure of water Valid 0 for C < t < 100 C t= 0 C Psat= 609.6 Pa

Psat = 100000 * Exp(153.5411 + 0.066953 *(C3+273.15) - 0.0000505796 * (C3+273.15)^ 2 + 0.00000002183911 * (C3+273.15) ^ 3 - 8990.134 * (C3+273.

V1 =

V2 * (P2 - RH2 * Psat.water_2) / (P1 - RH1 * Psat.water_1) * (T1 / T2)

2.- FAD flow rate (state 2) to Normal flow rate (state 1) FAD conditions (State 2)) V2 = 726.99 P2 = RH2 = t2= Psat.water_2 = Psat.water_2 = T2 = 73,400 0.42 22 f(T2) 2645.1 295

m3/h (FAD)

Pa C Pa K

Normal air conditions (State 1) P1 = 101,325 Pa RH1 = t1= T1 = Psat.water_1 = Psat.water_1 = V1 = 0 0 273 f(T1) 609.6 C K Pa 480 m3/h

0.00000002183911 * (D36) ^ 3 - 8990.134 * (D36) ^ -1 - 25.07797 * LN((D17+273.15)))

Water vapor pressure P1 y P2 son presiones absolutas totales de la mezcla de aire y vapor de agua

La presin parcial del aire seco es Pa_1 La temperatura normal es t1 = 0C La presin parcial del vapor de agua a la temperatura normal es Pw_1 La humedad relativa del aire seco es RH1 = 0 Air at normal conditions (state "1") (Pw_2 / Psat.water_2) * Psat.water_2 Pw_1 = (Pw_1 / Psat.water_1) = f with "f" : air Relative Humidity (RH) Pw_1 = f1 * Psat.water_1 Pw_1 = RH1 = t1 = Pw_1= RH1 * Psat_1 0 0 609.6 C Pa

Air at ambient conditions (estado "2") (Pw_2 / Psat.water_2) * Psat.water_2 Pw_2 = (Pw_2 / Psat.water_2) = f with "f" : air Relative Humidity (RH) Pw_2 = f2 * Psat.water_2 RH2 * Psat_2 Pw_2 = RH2 = t2 = Pw_2= 0.42 22 2645.1 C Pa

FAD volume flowrate V2 = V1 * (P1 - RH1 * Psat.water_1) / (P2 - RH2 * Psat.water_2) * (T2 / T1) V1 = P1 = 480 101,325 Nm3/h Pa State 1: Normal air conditions

RH1 = t1= Psat.wate1 = P2= RH2 = t2= Psat.wate_2 = T2 = T1 = V2 =

0 0 609.6 73,400 0.42 22 2645.1 295 273 726.99

C Pa Pa C Pa K K
m3/h (FAD)

State 2: Local ambient air conditions and also compressor intake conditions Free air delivery (FAD) is the volume of air delivered under the conditions of temperature and pressure existing at the compressor's intake (state 2).

(C3+273.15) ^ 3 - 8990.134 * (C3+273.15) ^ -1 - 25.07797 * Ln((C3+273.15)))

Air density and mass flow rates Air constant R=

287.0

J/(kg*K)

1.-Normal flow rate to mass flow rate. SI

3.- Mass flow rate imperial to Normal flow rate. SI m= m= m= Vn = 0.792 0.359 1293.2 m / rn 1,293.2 1.29 1,000

Vn = Mass flowrate m= Vn = rn = m= m=

1,000

Nm3/h

Vn * rn 1000 1.29 1293 0.3592 Nm3/h kg/Nm kg/h kg/s

3

m= rn = Vn =

2.- Mass flow rate to Normal flow rate. SI m= m= Vn = m= rn = Vn = 0.3592 1293.2 m / rn 1,293.2 1.29 1,000 kg/h kg/Nm3 Nm3/h kg/s kg/h

4.- Normal flow rate to mass flow rate imperial Vn = Mass flowrate m= Vn = rn = m= m= m= 1000 Vn * rn 1000 1.29 1293 0.3592 0.792

Normal density rn = p / ( R * T) p= 101,325 R= 287.0 T= 273 rn = 1.29

Pa J/(kg*K) K kg/Nm3

1 kg = m= m=

2.20 0.3592 0.7920

flow rate imperial to Normal

5.- Actual density tact = 10 450.0 1730 C kPa (g) m.a.s.l.

Air constant R= Rg = MM = R=

lb/s kg/s kg/h

Pact_g = H= patm_loc = patm_loc =

101,325* (1 -2,25577E-5 * H)^5,25588

Nitrogen constant R= Rg = MM =

82.20 tact + 273.15 10 283.15

kPa

kg/h kg/Nm3 Nm3/h

T= tact = T= P= Pact_g = patm_loc =

C K

R= Molecular masses from [1]

al flow rate to mass flow

Pact_g + Patm_loc 450.0 82.20 532.2 532,197 p / ( R * T) 532,197 287.0 283 6.55 Pa J/(kg*K) K kg/m3
Rev. cjc. 30.05.2013

kPa (g) kPa kPa Pa

Nm3/h

P= P= ract =
3

Nm3/h kg/Nm kg/h kg/s lb/s

p= R= T= ract =

lb kg/s lb/s

Rg / MM 8314.41 28.97 287.0

[ J / (kmol*K)] kg/kmol J/(kg*K)

Nitrogen constant Rg / MM 8314.41 28.0134 296.8 Molecular masses from [1] [ J / (kmol*K)] kg/kmol J/(kg*K)

Nitrogen density and mass flow rates Nitrogen constant R= 296.8

J/(kg*K)

1.-Normal flow rate to mass flow rate. SI

3.- Mass flow rate imperial to Normal flow rate. SI m= m= m= Vn = 0.766 0.347 1250.5 m / rn 1,250.5 1.25 1,000

Vn = Mass flowrate m= Vn = rn = m= m=

1,000

Nm3/h

Vn * rn 1000 1.25 1251 0.3474 Nm3/h kg/Nm kg/h kg/s

3

m= rn = Vn =

2.- Mass flow rate to Normal flow rate. SI m= m= Vn = m= rn = Vn = 0.3474 1250.5 m / rn 1,250.5 1.25 1,000 kg/h kg/Nm3 Nm3/h kg/s kg/h

4.- Normal flow rate to mass flow rate imperial Vn = Mass flowrate m= Vn = rn = m= m= m= 1000 Vn * rn 1000 1.25 1251 0.3474 0.766

Normal density rn = p / ( R * T) p= 101,325 R= 296.8 T= 273 rn = 1.25

Pa J/(kg*K) K kg/Nm3

1 kg = m= m=

2.20 0.3474 0.7658

flow rate imperial to Normal

5.- Actual density tact = 10 450.0 1730 C kPa (g) m.a.s.l.

Air constant R= Rg = MM = R=

lb/s kg/s kg/h

Pact_g = H= patm_loc = patm_loc =

101,325* (1 -2,25577E-5 * H)^5,25588

Nitrogen constant R= Rg = MM =

82.20 tact + 273.15 10 283.15

kPa

kg/h kg/Nm3 Nm3/h

T= tact = T= P= Pact_g = patm_loc =

C K

R= Molecular masses from [1]

al flow rate to mass flow

Pact_g + Patm_loc 450.0 82.20 532.2 532,197 p / ( R * T) 532,197 296.8 283 6.33 Pa J/(kg*K) K kg/m3
Rev. cjc. 03.07.2013

kPa (g) kPa kPa Pa

Nm3/h

P= P= ract =
3

Nm3/h kg/Nm kg/h kg/s lb/s

p= R= T= ract =

lb kg/s lb/s

Rg / MM 8314.41 28.97 287.0

[ J / (kmol*K)] kg/kmol J/(kg*K)

Nitrogen constant Rg / MM 8314.41 28.0134 296.8 Molecular masses from [1] [ J / (kmol*K)] kg/kmol J/(kg*K)

Imperial standard flow rate to Normal flow rate Imperial standard flow rate data VS = 1.0 Sm3/h Normal absolute pressure PN = 101,325

Pa

Normal absolute temperature TN = 273.15 K Standard volumetric flow rate to Normal volumetric flow rate VS * (PS/Pn) * (Tn/TS) Vn = PS = Pn = Tn = 101,325 101,325 273.15 288.71 1.0 0.9461 Pa Pa K C m3/h Nm3/h

Imperial standard temperature tS = 60 F tS = 15.56 C Imperial standard pressure PS = 101,325 kPa

Standard conditions (Imperial) PS = 101,325 Pa TS = 288.71 K

TS = VS = Vn =

Sm3/h

0.9461

Nm3/h

Nm3/h

1.057

Sm3/h

Approximate method Aproximate equation for calculating the atmospheric pressure as a function of the height above sea level p= H= p= 101,325* (1 -2,25577E-5 * H)^5,25588 1730 m 82.20 kPa

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http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air-altitude-pressure-d_462.html

Esta ecuacin es una simplificacin de la frmula hipsomtrica [2], en la que la temperatura ambiente se toma con un valor aproximado de 15,2 C Esta ecuacin aproximada produce un error mximo de 0.1% cuando se aplica en le rango de alturas 0 m.sn.m. <= H <= 6000 m.s.n.m.

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/molecular-weight-gas-vapor-d_1156.html

Molecular Weight - Gases and Vapors

Molecular mass of common gases and vapors

The molecular weight of a substance, also called molecular mass, is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12. Gas or Vapor Acetylene, C2H2 Air Ammonia (R-717) Argon, Ar Benzene N-Butane, C4H10 Iso-Butane (2-Metyl propane) Butadiene 1-Butene cis -2-Butene trans-2-Butene Isobutene Carbon Dioxide, CO2 Carbon Disulphide Carbon Monoxide, CO Chlorine Cyclohexane Deuterium Ethane, C2H6 Ethyl Alcohol Ethyl Chloride Ethylene, C2H4 Fluorine Helium, He N-Heptane Hexane Hydrochloric Acid Molecular Weight kg/kmol 26.04 28.966 17.02 39.948 78.11 58.12 58.12 54.09 56.108 56.108 56.108 56.108 44.01 76.13 28.011 70.906 84.16 2.014 30.07 46.07 64.515 28.054 37.996 4.02 100.2 86.17 36.47 Gas or Vapor Hydrogen, H2 Hydrogen Chloride Hydrogen Sulfide Hydroxyl, OH Krypton Methane, CH4 Methyl Alcohol Methyl Butane Methyl Chloride Natural Gas Neon, Ne Nitric Oxide, NO2 Nitrogen, N2 Nitrous Oxide N-Octane Oxygen, O2 Ozone N-Pentane Iso-Pentane Propane, C3H8 Propylene Molecular Weight kg/kmol 2.016 36.461 34.076 17.01 83.8 16.044 32.04 72.15 50.488 19 20.179 30.006 28.0134 44.012 114.22 31.9988 47.998 72.15 72.15 44.097 42.08

Gas or Vapor R-11 R-12 R-22 R-114 R-123 R-134a R-611 Sulfur Sulfur Dioxide Sulfuric Oxide Toluene Xenon Water Vapor Steam, H2O

Molecular Weight kg/kmol 137.37 120.92 86.48 170.93 152.93 102.03 60.05 32.02 64.06 48.1 92.13 131.3 18.02

[1]

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also www.piping-tools.net Atmospheric_temperature_pressure_and_density_as_function_of_the_height_above_sea

the_height_above_sea_level.xlsm