Chapter 2 Biology Test Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement

or answers the question. ____ 1. Nitrogen is released to the abiotic parts of the biosphere from the processes of death and _____. a. decay by bacteria c. runoff b. infiltration of groundwater d. lightning in storm clouds

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2. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the biotic parts of the biosphere through _____. a. burning of forests c. combustion of fossil fuels b. photosynthesis d. all of these

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3. Some birds are known as honey guides because they may be followed by humans to wild beehives. When the humans take honey from the hives, the birds are able to feast on the honey and bees, too. This type of relationship can best be described as _____. a. parasitism c. mutualism b. commensalism d. symbiosis

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4. Sea stars live in saltwater ecosystems. Some species live in shallow tidal pools, while others live in the deepest parts of the oceans. This is a description of the _____ of sea stars. a. habitat c. niche b. community d. none of these

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5. Cougars are predators that often eat weakened or diseased animals. This is a description of the _____ of cougars. a. habitat c. niche b. community d. none of these

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6. An ecologist who studies how several species in an area interact among each other and with the abiotic parts of the environment is interested in the biological organization level called a(n) _____. a. organism c. community b. population d. ecosystem

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7. An ecologist who studies how several species in an area interact is interested in the biological organization called a(n) _____. a. organism c. community b. population d. ecosystem

Figure 2-1 ____ 8. Referring to Figure 2-1, suppose 10 000 units of energy are available at the level of the grasses. What is the total number of energy units lost by the time energy reaches the coyote? a. 90 units c. 9900 units b. 990 units d. 9990 units

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9. Referring to Figure 2-1, as matter and energy move from grasses to coyotes, the amount of available energy _____. a. increases b. decreases c. decreases then increases d. increases or decreases but population size remains the same

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10. Referring to Figure 2-1, the relationship between cats and mice could best be described as _____. a. predator-prey c. parasite-host b. scavenger-carrion d. consumer-producer

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11. Referring to Figure 2-1, the coyotes would be considered _____. a. herbivores c. second-order consumers b. third-order consumers d. decomposers

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12. Referring to Figure 2-1, energy flows from _____. a. coyotes to grasses c. b. cats to mice d.

mice to cats coyotes to cats

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13. Identify the abiotic factor in the ecosystem shown in Figure 2-5.

Figure 2-5 a. b. mouse butterfly c. d. rock tree

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14. The group of animals in Figure 2-6 is an example of what?

Figure 2-6 a. b. community ecosystem c. d. population biosphere

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15. In the energy pyramid shown in Figure 2-7, which level has the smallest number of organisms?

Figure 2-7 a. b. fox birds c. d. grasshoppers grass

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16. What type of cycle is depicted in Figure 2-10?

Figure 2-10 a. b. carbon water c. d. phosphorus nitrogen

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17. What type of ecosystem is shown in Figure 2-11?

Figure 2-11 a. b. terrestrial population c. d. acquatic abiotic

Completion Complete each sentence or statement. 18. The ____________________ consists of evaporation, precipitation, transpiration, runoff, and respiration. 19. Omnivores, carnivores, herbivores, scavengers, and decomposers are all ____________________. 20. Parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism are examples of ____________________. 21. In a pond ecosystem, ducks, mosquitoes, pond plants, and frogs are ____________________ factors. 22. Both the alga and the fungus are benefited from their relationship in a lichen. This relationship is one of ____________________. 23. Before plants can reuse many organic materials, the materials must be broken down by ____________________. 24. Wind, humidity, and rocks are all ____________________ in a terrestrial ecosystem. Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. mutualism b. biosphere c. ecology d. biological community e. decomposer f. parasitism g. habitat

h. i. j. k. l. m. n.

food web food chain commensalism scavenger heterotroph trophic level autotroph

____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

25. study of how living things relate to each other and to their environment 26. relationship between organisms in which both organisms benefit 27. network of interconnected food chains 28. relationship between organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited 29. layer of Earth that supports life 30. feeds on dead organisms 31. simple model for showing how matter and energy move through an ecosystem 32. group formed by several populations 33. manufactures food using energy from the sun or from chemical compounds 34. relationship between organisms in which one organism benefits at the expense of another 35. place where an organism spends its life 36. step in the passage of energy and matter through an ecosystem 37. obtains energy and nutrients from autotrophs 38. breaks down dead organisms

Short Answer 39. Compare and contrast a food web and a food chain.

Figure 2-3 40. Refer to Figure 2-3. Identify a omnivore.

41. Refer to figure 2-3. Identify a carnivore.

42. Refer to Figure 2-3. Identify an herbivore.

Chapter 2 Biology Test Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A 2. 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. C COMPLETION 18. water cycle 19. consumers 20. symbiosis 21. biotic 22. mutualism 23. decomposers 24. abiotic MATCHING

25. C 26. A 27. H 28. J 29. B 30. K 31. I 32. D 33. N 34. F 35. G 36. M 37. L 38. E SHORT ANSWER 39. Food chains and food webs are models that show how food and matter pass through organisms at different trophic levels. A food chain shows only one organism at each trophic level. A food web can show many different organisms at different trophic levels. Food webs are better representations of reality because many organisms may consume the same organism, and one organism may consume many others. 40. Grouse, bear 41. Goshawk 42. Marmot, Grasshopper, chipmunk