The Ocean and Fisheries

Answer in a very concise manner the following questions:

1) What is the global ocean, and how does it affect earths environment?

The global ocean is a huge body of salt water that surrounds the continents. It affect earths environment because when the hydrologic cycle is affected, it compromises the marine animals that live in the ocean, so if the currents change or there is an unbalanced distribution of cold, salty water and warm, less-salty water many animals would died causing humans deaths.

2)

ow are the !oriolis effect, "revailing winds, and surface ocean currents related?

They are related because the Coriolis effect influence the path of surface, or shallow, ocean currents ust as it does the winds. !inds largely cause the basic pattern of ocean currents. The main ocean current flow-cloc"wise in the #orthern $emisphere and countercloc"wise in the %outhern hemisphere-results partly from the Coriolis effect.

#) What is the $l %i&o'(outhern )scillation *$%())? What are some of its global effects?

It is a periodic, large-scale warming the surface waters of the tropical eastern &acific Ocean that temporarily alters both ocean and atmospheric circulation patterns. %ome of its global effects are that some areas are drier, some wetter, some cooler, and some warmer than usual.

+) What are the four main life ,ones in the ocean?

The intertidal 'one The benthic environment (

 The pelagic environment The neritic environment

-) Which marine environment is transitional between land and ocean?

The intertidal 'one

.)

ow do the neritic and oceanic "rovinces differ?

They differ because of their depth. #eritic &rovince) ma*imum depth of (+,m. Oceanic &rovince) average depth of - ,,,m. In the neritic province, sunlight is an important factor for marine life survivor. !hile in the oceanic province, marine life has adapted to dar"ness. In the neritic province, microscopic algae li"e phytoplan"ton, 'ooplan"ton is the basic food for many organisms. !hile in the oceanic province, there is scarcity of food.

/) What are some of the harmful environmental effects associated with the fishing industry? With aquaculture?

0ishing 1ndustry: $arvest of large predatory fish in a way that their numbers are severely depleted. .ycatch species are unintentionally caught and then discarded.

Aquaculture: &roduce higher-than-normal concentration of waste that pollute ad acent water and harm other organisms. Causes a net loss of wild fish because many of the fishes farmed are carnivorous.

2)

ow does wides"read use of "lastics contribute to ocean "ollution?

First of all, huge 0uantities of trash containing plastics are released into the ocean from coastal communities. 1arine mammals and birds susceptible to be entangled and2or strangled by the larger pieces of plastic, but many filter-feeding organisms near the bottom of the ocean food chain constantly ingest the smaller degraded pieces. This may contain chemicals such as &C.s. 3) ow might the effect of global climate change on the ocean alter the global climate?

There could be a disruption of the ocean conveyor belt, which transports heat around the globe. $uman activities may affect the e0uilibrium 3shifts from one e0uilibrium state to the other in a relatively short period4 causing great unbalance in the global climate.

14) Which international treaties aim to "rotect ocean resources?

5he 67%7 !onvention of the (ea *6%!8)() 5 6a constitution for the ocean7 that protects ocean resources. 5he 67%7 0ish (toc9s Agreement - the first international treaty to regulate marine fishing.

11) What are the main recommendations of the 67(7 !ommission on ocean "olicy?

Create a new ocean policy to improve decision ma"ing %trengthen science and generate information for decision ma"ers 8nhance ocean education to instill citi'ens with a stewardship ethic